ANNUAL REPORTS, WAR DEPARTMENT FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1919 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY 1919 IN THREE PARTS PART 1 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRIN'ING OFFICE 1919 WAR DEPARTMENT. Document No. 943. Office of the Chief of Engineers. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY 1919 125851--ENG 1919---1 1 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY. WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, SWashington, September 30, 1919. From: The Chief of Engineers. To: The Secretary of War. Subject: Annual Report. I present for your information the following report upon the duties and operations of the Engineer Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919. ENGINEER FORCES, UNITED STATES ARMY. At the beginning of the fiscal year the engineer forces in active service of the United States were composed of the Corps of Engi- neers (Regular Army), the National Guard Engineers, the Engineer Reserve Corps, and the National Army Engineers. On August 7, 1918, General Orders No. 73, War Department, 1918, prescribed that "This country has but one Army-the United States Army. It includes all the land forces in the service of the United States. Those forces, however raised, lose their identity in that of the United States Army. Distinctive appellations, such as the Regular Army, Reserve Corps, National Guard, and National Army, heretofore employed in administration and command, will be discontinued, and the single term, the United States Army, will be exclusively used." This order further prescribed that effective commissions already issued in the above component forces should hereafter be held to be and regarded as commissions in the United States Army; also, that hereafter during the period of the emergency all commissions of officers should be in the United States Army. After the armistice, November 11, 1918, the demobilization of En- gineer forces raised for the emergency was begun, and by June 30, 1919, was nearing completion. 4 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The present report covers the component Engineer forces or- ganized prior to August 7, 1918, and the additional Engineer forces organized after that date. CORPS OF ENGINEERS. According to sections 3 and 11 of the national defense act ap- proved June 3, 1916, as amended by the Army act approved July 9, 1918 (Public, No. 193, 65th Cong.), the Corps of Engineers of the Regular Army consists of 1 Chief of Engineers, 504 officers of other grades, and the following organizations of enlisted men: Regiments (including one band each)--- 7 Mounted battalions ------------------------------------------- 2 Engineer trains (Infantry division) 6 Engineer trains (Cavalry division)------ -------------------------- 2 OFFICERS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS. The number of officers holding commissions in the Corps of Engi- neers at the end of the fiscal year was 470, a net increase during the year of 111. Since July 1, 1918, the Corps of Engineers has lost by death nine of its officers: Lieut. Col. (Brig. Gen., N. A.) James F. Mclndoe, February 6,1919. Capt. (Lieut. Col., N.A.) James G. B. Lampert, January 6, 1919. Capt. (Maj., N. A.) Alexander P. Cronkhite, October 28, 1918. Capt. (Maj., N. A.) John H. Wills, July 29, 1918. Capt. Don R. Cather, October 22, 1918. Capt. Julian G. Guiteras, October 12, 1918. Capt. Charles D. Harris, October 20, 1918. Lieut. Lucian Platt, October 9, 1918. One hundred and forty-one graduates of the United States Military Academy were commissioned as second lieutenants of the Corps of Engineers; 79 to date from July 7, 1918, and 62 to date from Novem- ber 1, 1918. The effective commissioned strength of the Corps of Engineers, available during the fiscal year, has been seriously depleted by details or assignments. At the end of the fiscal year some of the officers holding commissions in the Regular Corps of Engineers were serving under promotions or details as follows: Appointed as general officers of the line--------------- 8 Detailed to General Staff Corps ---------------------------------- 14 Detailed to Chemical Warfare Service 3------------------ Military attaches or on special missions___-- --------- 13 Total---------------- ----------------------------------- 38 The table below shows the disposition of officers of the Corps of Engineers, according to their duties, under the following dates: April 10, 1917, October 1, 1918, and June 30, 1919. It accordingly gives the approximate strength of the Corps of Engineers at the declaration of war, at the signing of the armistice, and at the end of the fiscal year 1919. ENGINEER FORCES, UNITED STATES AIMY. 5 Apr. 10, Oct. 1, June 30, 1917. 1918. 1919. Chief of Engineers in command of the Engineer Department, etc.......... 1 1 1 Assistant to the Chief ol Engineers or on special duty in his office......... 11 13 37 River and harbor work... ..... . .............................. 22 1 15 River and harbor work and lighthouse work............................ ..........5 2 River and harbor work and lighthouse work and fortifications............ 10 6 13 River and harbor work and fortifications................................. 34 3 26 Fortifications............................................................. 1 ... ......... . Fortifications and department engineers................................. 2 2 2 Department enzineer................................................. 8 2 4 Public Buildings and Grounds, District of Columbia...................... 1 1 1 Government of the District of Columbia................................. 3 1 3 Duty on lanama Canal at Canal Zone................................. 4 1 2 Duty on Panama Canal at Washington, D. C............................ 1 ......... Yellowstone Nalional Park............................................. ......2 .............. Alaska Road Commission................................................ 1 ................... Board on Enzineer Troops.................-1 .................... Coast Defense Board................................ 1.............................. Organization, Reserve Engineer Troops........... .................... 1 .................... Militia Bureau..... .............................................. 1 .......... 1 Instructor-inspector, National Guardl, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio.... 1 ................... Eneincer Depot, Washington Barracks, D. C............................. 1 .......... Engineer field depots....... .......... 7 .......... 22......................... Army War College......................................... 3 8 .......... Enzineer School ................................................ 31 47 133 Cornell University.......... ............. ......................... 1 .................... United States Military Academy.................................... 16 16 19 With troops in the United States.................................... 57 48 18 With troops in Europe............................................................. 239 118 With troops in the Philippines.................................. 9 .......... 9 With troops in Hawaii...............7.................................... 7 With troops in Panama................................................... ... 8 General Staff Corps, United States.................................... 2 8 14 General Staff Corps, Europe............................................. 11 6 Other duty in Europe.... ................................................ 25 13 Military mapping............ .................................................. 1 Chemical Warfare Service.....4............................................. 4 3 Air Servi e......................................................................... 1 2 Port of embarkation................................................................ ..........2 Under observation and treatment in hospitals........................... 2 2 6 Disciplinary Barracks........................................... .. ... .......... 1 . .............................................. 1 7 2 Unassigned.... ... Total...................... ............................. 256 449 470 From the table it is seen that there were on duty wholly under the control of the Chief of Engineers, 70 out of a total of 252 officers (not including the Chief of Engineers, those unassigned and in hos- pital), or approximately 28 per cent, at the declaration of war; 20 out of a total of 439 officers, or approximately 5 per cent, at the date of the armistice; and 80 out of a total of 461 officers, or approximately 17 per cent, at the end of the fiscal year. Similarly, there were performing some duty under the control of the Chief of Engineers while at the same time performing other duties under various branches of the Government, 32 officers, or 13 per cent, at the declaration of war; 10 officers, or 2 per cent, at the signing of the armistice; and 23 officers, or 5. per cent, at the end of the fiscal year. There were on duty detached from the control of the Chief of Engineers, 150 officers, or 59 per cent, at the declaration of war; 409 officers, or 93 per cent, at the signing of the armistice; and 358 officers, or 78 per cent, at the end of the fiscal year. With regard to the character of duty performed, there were engaged on military duty exclusively 185 officers, or 73 per cent, at the declaration of war; 413 officers, or 94 per cent, at the signing of the armistice; and 387 officers, or 84 per cent, at the end of the fiscal year. There were performing both military and nonmilitary duty, 6 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 24 officers, or 10 per cent, at the declaration of war; 21 officers, or 5 per cent, at the signing of the armistice; and 48 officers, or 10 per cent, at the end of the fiscal year. There were engaged on nonmilitary duty exclusively, 43 officers, or 17 per cent, at the declaration of war; 5 officers, or 1 per cent, at the signing of the armistice; and 26 offi- cers, or 6 per cent, at the end of the fiscal year. The above table also clearly shows how Engineer officers were drawn from engineer construction work upon which they were engaged at the outbreak of the war and assigned to various military duties during the war. The engineer construction work upon which officers of the Corps of Engineers are engaged in time of peace has proven most beneficial in training them for their engineer duties in time of war. RETIRED OFFICERS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS. The work of the Corps of Engineers in the present war was greatly aided by the patriotic spirit of retired officers formerly of the Corps of Engineers who returned to active duty. The cessation of hostili- ties has permitted the return in part of regular Engineer officers to their peace-time duties. This has permitted the return of the greater part of the retired officers to inactive duty. At the end of the fiscal year there were still on active duty the following number of retired officers: One major general, four colonels, and two lieutenant colonels. TEMPORARY OFFICERS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS. The acts of June 3, 1916, and May 18, 1917, provided that tem- porary vacancies created by the appointment of officers of the Reg- ular Army to higher grades in the National Guard, National Army, and other forces should be filled by temporary promotions, and that vacancies in the lower grades resulting from such temporary promo- tions which could not be filled by promotions might be filled by teinm- porary appointments. During the fiscal year of 1918 a large number of engineer officers were commissioned in advanced grades in the National Army. To fill vacancies thus left in the lower grades, 71 temporary appoint- ments were made in the grades of first and second lieutenants from deserving noncommissioned officers of the regular service. During the fiscal years 1918 and 1919 a large number of these temporary officers have been promoted to advance grades in the National Army and the United States Army. Since General Order, No. 73, War Department, dated August 7, 1918, required all appointments and promotions to be made in the United States Army and temporary appointments and promotions to be discontinued, no further tem- porary appointments were made during the present fiscal year. At the end of the fiscal year 1919, six first lieutenants and two second lieutenants were still serving under the temporary commissions issued above. ENGINEER TROOPS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS. Prior to June 3, 1916, the authorized strength of the Regular Army Engineer units was: Band _---- --- -- ---------------------------------- 1 Engineer battalions - ------------------------------------------ 8 ENGINEER FORCES, UNITED STATES ARMY.7 The national defense act approved June 3, 1916, authorized the increase of the Engineer organizations in three annual increments until they reached: Band ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Engineer regiments of six companies each 7------------------ Battalions of mounted engineers of three companies each 2--------------- Engineer trains as the President may direct. On September 23, 1916, the authorized strength of the Corps of Engineers, including the first increment under the national defense act, was fixed by direction of the President at- Band 1------------------ Engineer regiments --------------------------------- 3------------ Companies of mounted engineers- --- - 1 On March 21, 1917, two Engineer trains for Regular Army In- fantry Divisions, and one Engineer train for Regular Army Cavalry Division were authorized. On May 12, 1917, four regiments of Engineers were authorized, and the company of mounted Engineers was increasel to two full battalions of mounted Engineers. On June 9, 1917, four Engineer trains for Regular Army Infantry Divisions and one Engineer train for Regular Army Cavalry Division were authorized. At the close of the fiscal year 1918 the authorized Reg- ular Army Engineer units were: Band --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Engineer regiments of 6 companies each__ _ 7------------------ Battalions of mounted Engineers of 3 companies each ------------------ 2 Engineer trains for Regular Army Infantry Divisions 6------------------ Engineer trains for Regular Army Cavalry Divisions 2------------------ The only change during the fiscal year 1919 was effected by the act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, approved July 9, 1919, which authorized a band for each Engineer regiment and directed that the Engineer band shall be considered as one of the regimental bands. At the close of the fiscal year the authorized Regular Army Engineer units were: Regiments-each consisting of a regimental headquarters, one band, and two battalions having a headquarters and three companies each -------- 7 Mounted battalions-each consisting of a battalion headquarters and three companies 2-------------- Engineer trains for Regular Army Infantry divisions 6------------------ Engineer trains for Regular Army Cavalry divisions ----------------- 2 From the above it is seen that just prior to and during the war there was a great increase in the Regular Army Engineer units. Owing to this fact and to the great demand for officers of the Corps of Engineers for other than engineer work and to assist in the organization of Engineer units of the National Army and the United States Army, it was not possible during the period of the war to officer the Engineer units of the Regular Army entirely by officers of the Regular Service. As far as possible, the senior officers in such units were Regular officers. The vacancies remaining which could not be filled by Regular officers were filled by the appointment as temporary officers of deserving noncommissioned officers and by the detail to active service of officers in the Engineer Reserve Corps and by the assignment to duty in these regiments of Engineer officers of the National Army. 8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Throughout the fiscal year the two mounted battalions known as the Eighth and Ninth Engineers, have been on duty on the Mexican border; the Third Engineers remained in our foreign possessions distributed about equally among the Philippine Islands, the Hawaiian Islands, and the Panama Canal Zone, with a small detach- ment in Siberia since August, 1918; the remaining regiments, the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Engineers, joined the American Expeditionary Forces and served with the First, Sec- ond, Fourth, Seventh, Third, and Fifth Divisions, respectively, through all operations; the Three hundred and eighteenth Engi- neers, which was organized as a National Army unit, served with the Sixth Division throughout its operations. NATIONAL GUARD ENGINEERS. The acts of Congress approved June 3, 1916, and May 18, 1917, authorized the drafting into Federal service of National Guard or- ganizations when necessary. At the beginning of the present fiscal year, 17 divisions of National Guard troops had been organized, each containing an Engineer regiment. These regiments were num- bered from number 101 to 117 inclusive. The National Guard, when drafted into the service of the United States, was very deficient in Engineer troops, very few of the states having had previously a proper quota of Engineers, and such as were in existence had been organized under preexisting laws. Not only was the National Guard deficient in Engineer troops, but such En- gineer troops were most irregularly distributed, some of the divisions containing a slight excess of Engineer companies, while others con- tained but a single company instead of the six required. Based, however, upon the existing Engineer organizations, the required 17 Engineer Regiments were organized, the deficiencies, where they existed, being supplied by the transfer to the Engineer regiments of organizations originally formed in other branches of the line. Where the Engineer regiment was composed entirely of troops from one state, as was the case in Massachusetts, New York, Penn- sylvania, Ohio, and Illinois, the colonel of the regiment was ap- pointed from the National Guard of that State. Where the regi- ment was made up of troops taken from two or more States, as was the case in the other 12 regiments, officers selected from the Corps of Engineers, Regular Army, were assigned to the command of the regiment and were appointed colonels of Engineers in the National Army. Inspections made of these regiments prior to their de- parture for overseas service showed that changes were necessary in the commissioned and enlisted personnel of some of them, in order to provide the necessary efficiency. The other officers of all the regiments were, as a rule, appointed from the National Guard. In cases where an insufficient number of suitable National Guard officers were available, the remaining va- cancies were filled by assignment of officers of the Engineer Reserve Corps and of Engineer officers of the National Army, these officers as far as practicable, being selected from the same territorial areas from which the regiments were recruited. ENGINEER FORCES, UNITED STATES ARMY. ENGINEER OFFICERS, NATIONAL GUARD. On August 7, 1918, when the component Engineer forces were con- solidated into Engineers, United States Army, the number of Na- tional Guard officers serving with National Guard Engineer units was approximately as follows: Colonels .--------- 5--------------- Lieutenant colonels -------------------------------------------- 11 Majors ------------------------------------------------------ 33 Captains ---------------------------------------------------- 156 First lieutenants ---------------------------------------- 254 Second lieutenants ---------------------------------------- 146 Total__ --------------------------------------------- 605 Since August 7, 1918, all of the above have been transferred from the National Guard Engineers to the Engineers, United States Army, and are included in the table showing status of Engineers, United States Army, given below in this report. ENGINEER TROOPS, NATIONAL GUARD. No additional Engineer units of the National Guard were called into the service of the United States during the present fiscal year. The National Guard Engineer regiments numbered 101 to 117, in- clusive, which had been called into the service of the United States at the beginning of the present fiscal year, were all sapper regiments organized for duty with National Guard divisions numbered 26 to 42, respectively. The date when these units were organized, when sailed for the American Expeditionary Forces, assignment to duty in the American Expeditionary Forces, and when returned to the United States and demobilized is given in the table under Summary of Engineer Personnel, United States Army, below. RESERVE CORPS. ENGINEER OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS. The national defense act approved June 3, 1916, authorized, in dif- ferent branches of the Army, a reserve corps of officers who would from time to time during peace receive training in military matters, and who would be available for service in time of war or other emergency. Immediately after the passage of this act steps were taken for the organization of the Engineer Section of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Consultations were had with the representatives of the National En- gineering Societies and a joint committee was appointed by these so- cities to consult with the Chief of Engineers. As a result of these conferences the matter was taken up with the War College and a draft of regulations for the organization of the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps was prepared and published. From the very beginning the response from the engineers of this country was exceedingly gratifying, many of the most eminent en- gineers in different branches of the profession requesting commis- sions in the Reserve Corps. During the entire period of the war these applications from trained engineers continued to be received, with the result that suitable officer material was available at all tims. 10 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IU. S. ARMY, 1919. During the fiscal year 1919 the issuance of commissions in the En- gineer Reserve Corps was continued up to August 7, 1918. After this date, in accordance with the provisions of General Order 73, War Department, 1918, no more appointments were made in this branch of the service until December, 1918, when commissions were issued to a number of officers who had been honorably discharged from the serv- ice due to termination of hostilities and to enlisted men who were graduates of the Engineer Training School held at Camp A. A. Humphreys. These officers of the new Reserve Corps are on an in- active duty status, but are available for a short annual period of training to prepare them for service if an emergency arises. The approximate number of officers who had been commissioned in the Reserve Corps up to and including August 6, 1918, was as follows: Majors' 3--------------------- Captains --------------------------------------------------------- 2, 097 First lieutenants---- ---------------------------------------------- 2, 681 Second lieutenants -------------------------------------- 2, 122 Total------------------------------------------------------- 7, 189 All but 37 of these officers had been called into active service prior to August 6, 1918, those still on the inactive list consisting partly :f United States Engineer Department employees then employed on Federal work from which their services could not at that time be spared. On June 30, 1919, the status of commissions issued in the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps prior to August 7, 1918, is shown in the fol- lowing table: First Second Majors. Captains. lieuten- lieut'n- Toal. ants. ants. Ori'-inal appointments.............................. 339 2, 097 2, 631 2,122 7,189 Gains otherwis-: Transfers from other branches of the service..... .......... 2 8 7 17 Transfbrs withing the Engineers................ .......... 3 .................... 3 Promotions..................................... 99 170 214 .......... 483 Demotions....................................... .......... 1 7 7 15 Total gains.................................. 438 2, 273 2,830 2,136 7,707 Losses: Peaths......................................... 5 32 40 19 92 Pischarves...................................... 131 703 785 293 1,913 Resignations................................... 30 129 99 64 322 Revo-ations.................................... 1 3 3 4 11 Peclinations..................................... 13 113 83 70 279 Promotions........ .................... 109 504 1,138 1,187 2,938 Demotions....... ..................... 1 5 10 .... 16 Transfers to other branches of the service........ 39 92 164 185 471 Transf3rs within the Engineers................. 12 19 43 40 114 332 1,600 Total losses................................... 2,356 1,858 6,156 Net........................................... 106 673 494 278 1,551 Upon being discharged from the United States Army, a number of officers, candidates, and enlisted men applied for commissions in the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps. Their papers were referred to the Engineer Examining Board, which examined the applicants' professional experience and military record and made suitable recom- mendation to The Adjutant General in each case. Those qualified were commissioned in the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps and ENGINEER FORCES, UNITEE STATES. AY. 11 placed on the inactive list. The number thus commissioned during the period December 11, 1918 to June 30, 1919, is shown in the table below: Majors ------------------------------------------------ 131 Captains ----------------------------------------------- 366 First lieutenants ----------------------------------------- 484 Second lieutenants --------------------------------------- 740 Total- ----- ------------------------------- 1, 721 Of this number 74 majors, 268 captains, 335 first lieutenants, and 132 second lieutenants had served during the war as Engineer officers, the balance being from the Engineer Officers' Training Camp and from the enlisted men of the Army. ENGINEER ENLISTED RESERVE CORPS. Enlistments in the Engineer Enlisted Reserve Corps were stopped in the summer of 1917. On December 21, 1918, the War Depart- ijent directed that men who had been voluntarily enlisted in the corps subsequent to April 1, 1917, would be discharged under the general instructions for discharge, when orders were received dis- charging units to which they were assigned or attached or when they would be discharged were they drafted men. As only . few men enlisted in the Engineer Enlisted Reserve Corps prior to April 2, 1917, the order meant the practical elimination of th, En- gineer Enlisted Reserve Corps. SPECIAL ENGINEER ENLISTED RESERVE CORPS. Enlistments in the Special Engineer Enlisted Reserve Corps were continued until August 8, 1918, when the War Department directed the discontinuance of all voluntary enlistments. On August 24, 1918, the War Department authorized the Students' Army Training Corps at educational institutions meeting the requirements laid down in special regulations, and on October 3, 1918, department commanders were directed to order to active duty and transfer to the 5Students' Army Training Corps such students in the Enlisted Reserve Corps on inactive lists to continue their studies, as recommended for such transfer by commanding officers of Students' Army Training Corps units. Six days later similar instructions were issued concerning students granted indefinite furloughs to continue their studies at edu- cational institutions. On December 7, 1918, department commanders were directed to discharge the members remaining in the Special Engineer Enlisted Reserve Corps who enlisted therein or were transferred thereto, to permit them to pursue enginering courses at approved technical schools, and men furloughed for the same purpose. The following tabulation shows the total number of students en- listed, transferred and furloughed, also their final disposition: Strength: Number of engineering students enlisted in the Engineer Enlisted Reserve Corps _ ----------------------------------------- 3,072 Number of former engineering students transferred to Engineer En- listed Reserve Corps -------------------------------------- 41 Number of former engineering students in active service granted furloughs to resume their engineering studies------------------- 39 Total_ _....... ... 3, 152 12 REPORT OF CHIEF OF 3 R BTI R 919Bi3. Z Disposition: Number called into active service and transferred to Engineer officers' training schools---- ---.---------- 297 Number called into active service and transferred to central officers' training schools ------------------------------------------- 5 SNumber called into active service and transferred to Engineer or- ganizations ..--------------------------------------------- 101 Number called intfo active service and transferred to Students' Army Training Corps-.. .-------- -- 1, 794 Number... transferred to other arms of the service _.. .__ 226 Numbier discharged, including many released in order to validate their entrance into central officers' training schools ------ -- 709 Number deceased 6----------------- Number whose records are not yet complete .----------------------- 14 Total -------------------- 3,152 NATIONAL ARMY ENGINEERS. The term "National" Army was that applied to the organizations prior to August 7, 1918, other than those of the Regular Army and National Guard, which were raised for the emergency, partially by voluntary enlistment and partially by draft, under the terms of the act approved May 18, 1917. After August 7, 1918, such forces were organized in the United States Army instead of in the National Army. The Engineer portion of the National Army consisted of: Officers commissioned as Engineer officers, National Army; the divisional Engineer regiments; and special Engineer troops organized for special technlmical service. ENGINEER OFFICERS, NATIONAL ARMY. The first Engineer 'organizations which were formed in the Na- tional Army were officered either by details from the Corps of Engi- neers of the Regular Army, or from the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps, except in the grades of colonel and lieutenant colonel. The officers assigned to duties in these last mentioned grades had to be commissioned as colonels and lieutenant colonels in the National Army since promotions could not be made in the Regular Army, on account of assignments in the National Army, and commissions in the Reserve Corps were by law restricted to the grades of major and lower. In the early part of the fiscal year 1917-18 the policy of commis- sioning in the Reserve Corps all officers of the National Army units below the grade of lieutenant colonel was continued, but when in the autumn a restriction was placed upon the number of outstanding Engi neer commissions and it became impossible to commission officers in the Reserve Corps and give them some instruction prior to the time they were actually needed in the service, it became customary to commission in the Engineers, National Army, the officers required: for the National Army Engineer units. Up to June 30, 1919, a total of approximnately 2,958 commissions had been issued in this branch of the service. The following table shows approximately the number of officers appointed in the Engineers, National Army, up to August 7, 1918, ENGINEER FORCES, UNITED STATES ARMY. 13: after which date no more commissions were issued in this branch. The table further shows the losses up to June 30, 1919: Lieuten- First Second Colonels. ant Majors. Captains. lieuten- lieuten- Total. colonels. ants. ants. Original appointments.......... 1 6 8 17 91 1,589 1,712 Gains otherwise: At Transfers from other branches of the service....................... 3 24 81 61 169 Transfers within the En- gineers.....................................1 Promotions ............. .. i)......... 58" 99 10 352 27 ........... 2 518. 40 1,037 Total gains............... 11 64 111 403 717 1,652 2,958 Losses: Deaths ............................... 1 3 11 14 29 Dis~hare.es.................. 7 14 33 152 223 475 908 Resignations............... 1 .............................. 2 1 4 Revocations......................... ........................ ................ 4 4 Declinations..........................I.... .................... 1 872 Promaions .......................... 29 33 44 178 592 878 Transfers to other branches of the servise............... 2 ......... 6 15 62 134 219 Transfers within the En- gineers.................... 1 3 .......... 3 5 4 16 Totallosses............... 11 48 77 217 481 1,226 2,060 Net................................ 16 34 183 235 426 898 Of the above total number of original appointments 1 first lieu- tenant and 1 second lieutenant had been appointed but had not accepted their appointments and been placed on active duty. Recom- mendations for appointments had been made to The Adjutant Gen- eral for 1 lieutenant colonel, 1 major, 5 captains, and 1 first lieu- tenant which have not been made up to this date. NATIONAL ARMY ENGINEER TROOPS. Divisional engineer or sapper regiments. Prior to August 7, 1918, 19 divisional sapper regiments were organ- ized in the National Army, and in addition five sapper battalions were organized, one for each of five Corps Engineer regiments. Special engineer troops. In addition to the regular divisional sapper regiments and the sapper battalions of the corps regiments, many special Engineer units were organized in the National Army prior to August 7, 1918. By the beginning of the fiscal year 1918, 10 such special Engineer regiments were in existence, as follows: One forestry regiment, 5 rail- way-construction regiments, 3 railway-operating regiments, and 1 railway-shop regiment. All of these units were sent to France be- tween July and September, 1917. In addition to the above, the following special engineer troops were organized in the National Army prior to August 7, 1918: For service abroad: Calioutlage battalion - ---------------------------------------- 1 Electrical and mechanical regiment-----------------------------1 Forestry regiment----- ------------------------------------- 1 Forestry battalions 3----------------- Gas and flame battalion i 14 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. For service abroad-Continued. General construction regiments .. --------------------------------- 2 General construction battalions 6------------------ Highway regiment 1------------------ Road battalions 3------------------ Inland waterway regiment 1------------------ Mining regiment---- 1 Ponton trains 3------------------ Quarry regiment 1------------------ Standard gauge railway construction regiments---------- 7 Standard gauge railway construction battalions_--- ---------.- 3 Standard gauge railway maintenance of way battalion_ ...... _-... 1 Standard gauge railway operating regiments 44----------------- Standard gauge railway operating battalions..----.---------- -. 12 Standard gauge railway operating and maintenance regiment-------- 1 Standard gauge railway shop regiment ------------- ----------- 1 Railway shop regiment-----------------------------------------.1 Trades and storekeepers battalion_------------------------------- 1 Railway maintenance of way battalions- ----- --------. 4 Railway maintenance of equipment battalions--------- - 2 Railway transportation battalions------------- - 2 Standard gauge railway transportation battalion-- ............. ... 1 Crane operating battalion__------------------- 1 Light railway construction regiment-------------- - 1 Light railway operating regiment 1------------------ Searchlight regiment_----- - ---------------- 1 Sound and flash ranging battalion 1------------------ Service battalions------ ------------------------------------ 36 Supply and shop regiments 2------------------ Surveying and printing regiment- ---- --- - 1 Tank service regiment 1------------------ Transportation corps battalion--- .... --.------- 1 Truck companies ------------------------------------------- 13 Limousine company 1------------------ All-weather car company----------------- -- 1 Touring car company 1------------------ Motorcycle companies----------------- - -- 2 Water-supply regiment 1------------------ Water-supply battalion 1------------------ For service at home: Military mapping service regiment------------- - 1 Gas defense service regiment---------------- 1 Engineer depot detachments_-- __ -----------..---- 44 Engineer training and replacement regiments_ -- --- -------- 10 THE CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE. During the fiscal year 1918 a gas and flame regiment was or- ganized as a part of the Engineers, National Army. During the same year there was organized in the Sanitary Corps of the Army a Gas Defense Service, consisting of officers and en- listed men who were trained to give instruction to the Army at large on the use of gas masks and other measures for defense against gas. In March, 1918, it was decided that such work did not belong properly to the Sanitary Corps, and the service was accordingly transferred to and became a portion of the Engineer service of the National Army, the officers being recommissioned as Engineers and the enlisted men being transferred to the Engineer service. On June 28, 1918, the Chemical Warfare Service was organized as a distinct branch of the military establishment for the emergency. The gas and flame regiment (Thirtieth Engineers) was transferred to the Chemical Warfare Service on July 13, 1918, and became the ENGINEER FORCES, UNITED STATES ARMIY. 15 First Gas Regiment. The Gas Defense Service (Four hundred and seventy-third Engineers) was transferred to the Chemical Warfare Service in September 1918. TRANSPORTATION CORPS, UNITED STATES ARMY. The first Engineer regiments to go overseas were nine railway units originally intended for service with our British and French Allie?. Some of these regiments were actually sent to serve with the British and French Armies, but the majority of them with certain other unattached Engineer officers were utilized with the American Expeditionary Forces. In October, 1917, instructions were given to organize in France a railway transportation service based upon the railway regiments referred to and Engineer officers who had had railway experience. Subsequently, this organization was much enlarged and in France became an organization independent of other Engineer organiza- tions. The officers serving with the railway units were at first com- missioned as Engineers of the National Army. Later, officers for the headquarters and general offices were commissioned in the Rail- way Transportation Corps, National Army. After August 7, 1918, appointments and promotions were made in the Transportatioir Corps, United States Army. The following table shows the status of the officers of the Trans- portation Corps on June 30, 1919: C i a Majors. Cap- First Second Col- tenant Majors. Cap- lieu- lieu- Total. onels. col- tains. tenants. tenants. onels. Ori-inal appointments.............................. 3 17 51 49 337 457 Gains otherwise: Transfers from other branches of the service.... ......................... 3 13 84 116 51 267 Transfers within the Engineers........... 1 5 10 18 19 9 62 Promotions.... ....................... 14 32 72 154 178 450 Total gains............................ 15 43 112 307 362 397 1,236 Losses: Deaths................................... .. ...... .. . ..... ... ..... 4 4 Discharges.............................. 10 14 39 79 84 86 312 Resina ions............................ ............ ........ 1 1 Revocations... .............. ......... ....... ...... ..... ..... ...... 1 1 Declinat ions..........:.................. ....... .. .......... ...- 2 . 3 5 Promo:ions........................... ....... 12 21 38 59 106 236 Tranfers to other branihs of the service.. . ...... 1 ..... 2 ........ 3 'Trans3fers within the Engineers........... ................. ..... _.. ........ .... i Total losses ........................... 10 26 61 119 145 202 563 Net.................................... 5 17 51 188 217 195 673 Of the above the total number of original appointments 1 captain and 5 second lieutenants had been appointed but had not accepted their appointments and had not been placed on active duty. Recom- mendation for appointment had been made to The Adjutant General for 1 major, 4 captains, 81 first lieutenants, and 42 second lieutenants on which no action had been taken prior to the close of the fiscal year. The National Army Engineer troops comprise all those Engineer units other than Engineer troops, Corps of Engineers, and Engineer 125851-ENG 1919- 2 , 16 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. troops, National Guard, which were organized prior to August 7, 1918. The dates when these units were organized, when sailed for the American Expeditionary Forces, assignment to duty in the American Expeditionary Forces and when returned to the United States and demobilized, are given in the table under Summary of Engineer Personnel, United States Army, below. ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY. The Engineers, United States Army, were composed of all the preceding component Engineer forces (Corps of Engineers, National Guard Engineers, Engineer Reserve Corps, and National Army Engineers) in existence on August 7, 1918, and of all additional Engineer forces organized subsequent to that date. After August 7, 1918, all promotions and appointments (except appointments in the Reserve Corps for inactive duty after Decem- ber 11, 1918) were made in the Engineers, United States Army. This resulted in a gradual reduction of the number of commissions under which officers were serving in the various component forces, and in a transfer of same to the Engineers, United States Army. The following table shows the status of commissions issued in the Engineers, United States Army, on June 30, 1919: lieu- Col- tenant Majors.ap- First SecondTotal. onels. col- tains. lieu- lieu- Total. onels. tenants. tenants. Original appointments....................... 5 8 50 491 746 1,867 3,167 Gains otherwise: Transfers from other branches of the service.... ................. ....................... 3 8 19 23 31 84 Transfers within the Engineers........... 1 .. 10 30 21 ........ 62 Promotions............................. 34 113 370 884 1,244 ......... 2,645 Total gains............................ 40 124 438 1,424 2,034 1,898 5,958 Losses: Deaths.................................. 1 ........ 2 3 16 20 42 Discharges................................ 26 52 199 719 1,032 827 2,855 Resignations.............................. ...... 2 4.. 6 Revocations............................. ....... ........ ...... 1 9 3 13 Declinations............................. .. .. ... 1 1.. 2 6 9 18 Promotions.................... ........ ........ 10 33 52 157 276 528 Transfers to other branches of the service.. 1 6 2 2 11 Transfers within the Engineers........... ... ... . .. . ........ 2 12 14 28 Total losses............................. 26 63 236 787 1,238 1,151 3,501 Net.............................. 14 61 202 637 796 747 2,457 Of the above total number of officers 1 major, 1 captain, 3 first lieutenants, and 3 second lieutenants had been appointed but had not accepted their commissions. In addition to the numbers shown above 5 majors, 76 captains, 106 first lieutenants, and 59 second lieutenants had been recommended for appointment, but The Adjutant General's office had not up to this date taken action on these cases. ENGINEER TROOPS, UNITED STATES ARMY. In addition to the Engineer troops of the component Engineer forces which became Engineers, United States Army, on August 7; 1918, the following Engineer troops, United States Army, were organized subsequent to that date: ENGINEER FORCES, UNITED STATES ARMY. 17 Ponton park -------------- 1----------------- Ponton trains-------------------------------------------------- 3 Dock construction regiment --------------------------------------- 1 Dock construction battalions 3----------------- Dredge operating detachment----------------- - 1 Electrical and mechanical regiment 1----------------- Electrical and mechanical battalion 1----------------- General construction regiments_---------------- 2 General construction battalions--------------------- 5 Road battalions 3----------------- Quarry company 1----------------- Railway construction regiment 11----------------- Railway construction battalion----------------- 1 Railway operating regiment 1----------------- Standard gauge railway maintenance of way battalion-------- 1 Standard gauge railway operation battalions------------------ - 2 Standard gauge railway shop regiment 1 Car repair battalion--- ------------------------------------------ 1 Locomotive repair company 1----------------- Light railway construction regiment_-------------- 1 Light railway operation battalions and companies, each--..... ---- 2 Light railway shop regiment----------1---------------------------- Searchlight regiment--------------------___ 1 Domestic antiaircraft searchlight operating regiment----. -1 "--- Service battalions ------------------------------------------ 2 Supply regiment ------------------------------------------------ 1 Surveying and printing company----------------- 1 Water supply regiment 1----------------- Water supply battalion ------------------------------------------ 1 The Engineer units organized prior to August 7,1918, as Engineers, National Army, and those organized after August 7, 1918, as En- gineers, United States Army, were officered partly by details from the Regular Army, partly by the assignment of Reserve Corps officers, and partly by the appointment in the National Army and later in the United States Army of especially qualified persons. In general, during the organization period, such units were placed under the command of, or at least under the supervision of Regular officers; but the number of Regular officers was too small to permit such Regular officers to remain permanently with all organizations, and consequently many such organizations when actually assigned to active service had no Regular officers serving with them. The battalion and regimental strength of the special organizations mentioned above, as measured in companies varied greatly, and in some cases there were no battalion organizations between the regi- mental headquarters and the companies, and in others battalions and companies were organized as independent units. In most cases the battalions consisted of three companies, though frequently of four, and sometimes more. A regiment usually consisted of two battalions, though many of them had more, one regiment containing as many as 10 battalions. Of the special Engineer troops named above, a few may be con- sidered as noncombatant so far as their special duties are concerned, but since their duties are such as to frequently call them into or near the front line where they are liable at any time to be called upon to take part in actual combat, they should all be considered as com- batant troops and trained accordingly. This is true not only of sapper troops, which as a rule during the operations took part in actual combat every time their division was in the front line, but 18 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARMY, 1919. also of gas and flame, railway, highway, mining, camouflage, pontoon, searchlight, and sound and flash ranging troops, and occasionally even the others. In many cases during the operations of 1918, special Engineer troops were actually called into action and received commendation both from our own commanders and from our allies for the parts they took in battle. SUMMARY OF ENGINEER PERSONNEL, UNITED STATES ARMY. Including the officers of the Corps of Engineers, Regular Army; temporary Engineer officers of the Regular Army; the National Guard Engineer officers; the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps; the Engineer officers, National Army; the Transportation Corps, United States Army; and the Engineer officers, United States Army; and making proper deductions for those holding commissions in both Regular Army and in the National or United States Army, there was a total of Engineer officers holding commissions as follows: On November 11, 1918------------ ------------------------- 10,886 Qn June 30, 1919 ------------------------------------- 6, 838 the maximum number at any one time-on November 25, 1918- 11,174. The total number of original commissions issued from the date of the declaration of war up to June 30, 1919, was 13,527. During the fiscal year, 704 Engineer officers were transferred to and accepted commissions in other branches of the service. When war was declared in April, 1917, the approximate total en- listed strength of Engineer units was 2,228. At the date of the armistice, November 11, 1918, the approximate total enlisted strength of Engineer units was 284,983, of whom approximately 232,935 were overseas and 52,048 were in the United States and insular possessions. On June 30, 1919, the approximate total strength was 97,909, of whom 70,031 were overseas and 26.878 were in the United States and insular possessions. The remainder had been discharged. ENGINEER OPERATIONS IN THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. The Engineer forces sent to the American Expeditionary Forces and their assignment to duty in same is shown in the table given below of Engineer units, United States Army. The historical report of Engineer operations by the chief Engineer officer, American Expeditionary Forces, which is now being printed as a separate document, gives a detailed account of these engineer operations. The high estimate placed by the commander in chief, American Expeditionary Forces, upon the service of Engineer troops in France is shown in the following letter: FEBRUARY 20, 1919. Maj. Gen. WM. C. LANGFITT, Chief Engineer, American Expeditionary Forces. MY DEAR GEN. LANGFITT: As the activities of our Army in France draw to a close, I desire to express to you, and through you to the officers, enlisted men, an(l civilian personnel of the Engineer Department, my appreciation of their loyal and energetic work, which contributed so greatly to our success. The various units attached to combat troops distinguished themselves at all times in the assistance which they rendered. The division of construction and forestry, with limited resources at its disposal and under conditions of extreme severity, more than met the many demands made upon it. The department ENGINEER OPERATIONS IN A. E. F. 19 of light railways and roads furnished the indispensable link between the ralheads and the front lines for the transportation of troops and supplies, and for the evacuation of sick and wounded. Its record in the construction and operation of light railways and roads has seldom been equaled. The many other services of the Engineer Department, connected with the acquisition and distribution of Engineer supplies, particularly those needed for combat operations, were so conducted that our forces never lacked for any essential. The Engineer Department has made a proud record for itself, and it gives me pleasure to express to you my sincere thanks and admiration, and that of your comrades of the American Expeditionary Forces, for its splendid achievements. Sincerely, yours, JOHN J. PERSHING. In connection with the above no less credit is due those Engineer officers and men who, though desiring active service at the front, were required to remain in the United States to carry on various essential military duties. It was the loyalty, patriotic spirit, and attention to duty of these officers and men which made it possible for equipment and supplies and new units and trained personnel to be continually sent to the front. Before the armistice was signed plans were made for an exchange of these officers and men with others who had already had experience at the front, but the armistice was signed before this exchange had been completed. Engineer units, United States Army. 0 Author- ized max- When sailed for Name Name of organization. Date authorized imum strength Where mobilized. mee Ameran d i t i o n aEx- ry Assignments abroad. When returned United States.to demobilized or Whentransferred. (enlisted Forces. men). 0 1st Engineers (sap- Sept. 23,1916...... Reorganized at Wash- H 1,662 Aug. 7,1917....... Construction in Service of Supply Aug. 30,1919, and pers). ington Barracks, D. and training to January, 1918, Sept.4,1919, ex- 0 C., June, 1917. 1st Division, January, 1918, cept Co. A. through operations. 1st Engineer Train.... June 9, 1917.... 82 Washington Barracks, ..... do .......... Constructicn in Service of Supply Sept. 4,1919....... D.C. to January, 1918 1st Division, January, 1918, through opera- tions. 2d Engineers (sap- Sept. 23,1916...... 1,662 Reorganized at Camp Aug. 10, 1917...... Construction in Service of Supply Aug. 4 and 8, 1919. pers). I Baker in May, 1917. to January, 1918 2d Division, 0 January, 1918, through opera- tions. 2d Engineer Train.... Mar. 21,1917...... 82 El Paso, Tex......... Sept. 10, 1917...... ..... do .......................... Aug. 2, 1919....... 3d Engineers (sap- Sept. 23,1916...... 1,114 Reorganized in Phil- Duty in Canal Zone, Panama, pers). ippine Islands Ha- Manila, P. I., and Honolulu, z waii, and Canal Hawaii. Zone. 4th Engineers (sap- May 12,1917....... 1,662 Vancouver Barracks, Apr. 30,1918...... 4th Division through operations... July 29,1919....... pers). Wash. 4th Engineer Train... June 9 1917....... 82 Camp Greene, N. C... ...... do........... .....do............................ ..... do....... 5th Engineers (sap- May 1, 1917....... 1,962 Camp Newton D. July 26 and 31, 7th Division through operations Feb. 25,1919...... pers). Baker Tex. 1917. to February, 1919. 5th Engineer Train... Mar. 21,1917...... 82 Corpus hristi, Tex... July 31,1917....... .... do........ ........... ..... do.. .. :... 6th Engineers (sap- May 12, 1917....... 1,062 American University, Dec. 4 and 5, 1917. Construction, Service of Supply, Aug. 25, 1919.... 0 pers). D.C. to April 1918; with British Armies, 2 companies in Febru- ary and remainder in April, w 1918, to June 1918; 3d Division, June, 1918, trough operations. 6th Engineer Train... June 9,1917....... 82 Washington Barracks, Jan. 19,1918....... .....do.. ......................... Aug. 23,1919.... D.C. 7th Engineers (sap- May 12,1917....... 1,062 Fbrt Leavenworth, Mar. 6 and 16,1918. Construction in Service of Supply ............ .... pers). Kans. to June 30, 1918; 5th Division through operations. Julyd28, 191-...... 7th Engineer Train... June 9,1917....... 82 ..... do................ Mar. 16, 1918...... ..e do........... ............... ................................................. do.......... 8th Engineers May 12, 1917 ....... 397 camp Stewart, Tex... Mexican border................... (mounted). 8th Engineer Train... June 9, 1917.......1 S.....do . ...................................... ..... do........................... .......... r:... . 9 th Engineers May 12,1917....... 397 ... ...... ..... ................... o.... .... .................... R.do.. :............ .... . ........... .... (mounted). .. d.......... ...... 9th Engineer Train... Mar. 21,1917.... 105 Sept..1 19 ... do.. . . . 10th Engineers (for- May 17,1917....... American University, Sept.10,1917 ..... Service of Supply through opera- See 20tht Engi- Absorbed by 20th En- estry). 1,589 D.C. tions. neers. gineers in October, 1918. 11th Engineers (stand- May 5,1917........ ard gage railway 1,589 Fort Totten, N. Y....j July 14, 1917........ British 3d Army, August, 1917, to January, 1918; Service of Sup- Apr. 23 and 27, 1919. Demobilized May 6, 1919. construction). ply, January to April, 1918: 1 battalion with British at Ami- ens, and 1 battalion, Service of Supply, July and August, 1918, 1st Army, September, 1918, through operations. 12th Engineers (stand- ..... do........... 1,589 St. Lohis, Mo......... July 28,1917....... With British July, 1918; 1st and Apr. 27,1919...... Demobilized May 16, ard gage railway 2d Armies, August, 1918, through 1919. operation). operations. 13th Engineers (stand- ..... do........... 1,589 Chicago, Ill............ July 22 and 23, With French, operating railways Apr. 28,1919...... Demobilized May 15, ard gage railway 1917. in Verdun sector (1st Army 1919. operation). Zone) through operations. 14th Engineers (stand- ..... do........... 1,589 Canp Rockingham, July 27,1917....... With British to July, 1918, 1st Apr. 27,1919...... Demobilized May 7, ard gage railway N.H. and 2d Armies, August, 1918, 1919. O operation). through operations. 15th Engineers (stand- May 5, 1917....... 1,589 Oakmont, Pa......... July 9, 1917....... General construction in Service of Apr. 27, 1919...... Demobilized May 17, ard gage railway Supply to September, 1918; Cos. 1919. construction). B, C, and F, on light railways and roads, 1st Army: remainder with Service of Supply until November, 1918; 1st Army, Ver- dun-Sedan Ry. to Jan. 19, 1919. 16th Engineers (stand- .... do............ 1, 589 Detroit, Mich......... Aug. 1, 1917....... General construction in Service of Apr. 22, 1919..... Demobilized May 9, ard gage railway Supply to October, 1918; 1st 1919. construction). Army Oct. 24, 1918, through operations. 17th Engineers (stand- do....... ... 1, 589 Atlanta, Ga........... July 28, 1917...... General construction base section Mar. 25, 1919...... Demobilized Apr. 12, f1 ard gage railway .....do............ No. 1, Service of Supply. 1919. construction). 18th Engineers (stand- 1, 589 Camp Lewis, Wash... Aug. 9, 1917....... General construction base section Apr. 28, 1919...... Demobilized May 19, ard gage railway No. 2, Service of Supply. 1919. construction). 19th Engineers (stand- ..... do............ 3,914 Philadelphia, Pa...... .... do........ Railway shop and general railway Between Mar. 13, Transferred to Trans- ar d gage railway work in Service of Supply. 1919, and July portation Corps in shop). 31, 1919 (except eptember,1918. De- Co. B). mobilized between Mar. 31, 1919, and Aug. 5,1919. Record of Co. B inacomplete. 20th Engineers (for- Sept. 1,1917.. 46, 025 American University, Between Nov. 12, Forestry operations............... Between Feb. 1, Demolilized between estry). D.C. 1917, and May 1919, and July February, 1919, and 10,1918. 21,1919. July 30,1919. Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. I Author- ized ma- When sailed for Naestrength Name forganiation. Naeof ogn1aLon. Date authorized. Date thorized imumn Where Whr mobilized. mbiied d itt110naryx Aeedi ian ry o n aEx- Assignmeiits . abroad. Asinetabod When returned United States. to Whentransfarred. demobilized o (enlisted Forces. men). 21st EnAineers (light Sept. 1, 1917...... 3,911 Camp Grat, Ill...... Between Dec. 26, Two battali n in Servire of Sup- Between June 9 Demo' ill ed letween ~0 railway operati n, 1917, and Oct. ply to Aug. 10, 1918, then to 1st and July 30, June 17, 1919, and except Cth Battal- 27, 1918. Army through op rali n: ( ther 1919. Aug. 4, 1919. ion). two battali ns arri ing in Sep- tember, 1918, joined first two. 6th Battalion (21st Sept. 4,1918....... 774 Fort Benjamin Harri- .............. oo..... ................................... Demotili ed between .......... .........• Engineers),. son Nov. 30 and Dec. 3, 1918. 22d Engineers (light Mar. 20,1918..... 3, 914 Camp Sheridan, Ala.. Between June 30 Service of Supply until Sentembler, Between June 23 Demo! ii ed between railway conLtruc- and Sept. 15, 1918; 1 t and 2d Armie', Sep- and July 12,1919. July 1 and 22, 1919. 0 tion). 1918. teml er, 1918, througi operations. 23d Engineers (high- Oct. 27,1917....... 5,414 Camp Meade and Jan. 23, 1918, and Serx ie of Supply to May, 1918: Between June 9 Demotili ed between way). Camp Laurel, Md. Mar. 30, 1918. g adu11 trans erred to A my and July 9,1919. June 9, 1919, and t~J zone until at date of arnid it e July 16i, 1919. all units except Cos. D and E were with Armies. 24th Engineers (sup- Dec. 7, 1917 ...... 1. 589 I Camp Dix, N. J...... Feb. 18, 1918, and General con truwtion and Engi- May 29, 1919 .... Demonili-cd June 3 ply and shop). | | Mar. 29, 1918. neer depots in Servi, e of Sup- and 4, 1919. ply; July, August, and Septem- ter transferea to 1st Army Op- eration Corps and Army dumps t12 through operati, ns. 25th Engineers (gen. Oct. 13,1917....... 1,589 Camp Devens, Mass... Between Oct. 31, Servi e of Sup-1, to Sept.15,1918; May 22 and 24, Demotili ed May 30, Mi~ eral construction). 1917, and Feb. 1st Army Septe i e," to De, em- 1919. 1919. 27, 1918. 1 er, 1918 Ser i. e of Supply Jan- uir v, 1918, to eturn to United Stides. 28th Engineers (wate Sept. 12,1917...... 1,589 Camp Dix, N. J....... Between Oct. 31, Servi e of Suppl v to June, 1918: Between Mar. 12 Main body demobilized supply). 1917, and Aug. gradually transferred to zone of and 24, 1919. Mar. 14, 1919, and 17, 1918. 1 t and 2d Arr ie ; Co-. C and F detachm.ents a few a sho t tire with 3d Army. weeks later. 27th Fngineers (min- -'ot given......... 1,589 Camp Meade, Md..... Between Feb. 27 On various work inc ucin b ridge, Mar. 19, 1919...... Demobi ized Apr. 7, ing). and Sept. 1,1918. road, and engineer supply in, 1919. A rmy zone. 28thFngineers, 1.....do............. 1,589 ..... do................ Between Feb. 8, In Service of Supply to September, Between June 19, Demobi ized between (quarry). 1918, and Aug. 1918: 1st and 2d A rmy zones Sep- 1919, and Ju.y 5, June 24. 1919, and 30, 1918. tember through operations. 1919. July 9,1919. 29th Engineers (sur- Oct. 13, 1917....... 4,375 Camp Devans, Mass... Between Oct. 31, Cos. B, C, D, F, and F, flash and Between July 5 Demobi'ized July 13, veying and print- 1917,and Oct.7, sound ranging for divisions, and Aug. 20, 1919, and August l g). 1918. corps, and armies; Cos. A, G, I, 1919. 1919. base printing pant at Langres and det~i s for armies surveying, printing, ahd map reproduction; Co. H at General Beadnuarters with 2dsection, G. S. subsection C-Top;graphy. 30th Fngineers (gas Oct. 15, 1917, and 1,048 American University, Dec. 26, 1917, and Cos. A andB with British January Record not on file Transferred to Chemni- and flame). Jan. 14, 1918. D. C. June 30, 1918. to April, 1918; Cos. C and D in Office Chief of cal Warfare Service training at Army Gas School Engineers. July 13, 1918. March to June, 1918; units gradu- ally assigned to duty at the front with 1 t and 2d Armies during operations. 31st Fngineers (stand- Jan. 15, 1918....... 1,589 Fort Leavenworth, June 7, 1918....... Railway operation Supply. and construc- Between July 22 Transferred to Trans- t tion in Service of and Aug. 16, portati)n Corps in ard gage railway op- Kans. 1919. eration and mainte- eptember, 1918; de- mobi izeI between nance. July 29 and Aug. 23, 1919. Dec. 7, 1917...... 1,589 Camp Grant, Ill....... June 15, 1918...... Railway and general construction June 9 and 22,1919. Demobi ized June 20, 0 32d Fngineers (stand- 1919, except 'o. B, ard gage railway in Service of Supply largely at construction). base section -o. 2. demobi ized about 2 weeks ater. Camp Devans, Mass... May 5. 1918, and Railway and general construction Between June 1, Demobi ized between 33d Fngireers (gen- ..... do............ 1,.589 1919, and Ju:y 4, June 12 and Ju.y 11, eral construction). June 3), 1918. in Service of Supply. 1919. 1919. 34th Fngineers (sup- Feb. 4, 1918...... 3,139 Camp Dix, X. J....... July 8, 1918, and En 'neer depots in Service of Sup- Between June 33 Demobi ized between Aug. 16, 1918. pTy. and Aug. 6,1919. July 5, and Aug. 11, H ply and shop). 1919. -4 4,689 Camp Grant, Ill....... Between Dec. 12, Railway car shops in Service of Between Mar. 26, Transferred to Trans- 0 35th Fngineers (rail- Sept. 5, 1917....... 1919, and June portation Corps in ray shop). 1917, and Sept. Supply at La Rochelle. 14, 1918 (except 28, 1919 (except September, 1918; de- Co. P). Cos.F,L, and P). mobi ized between Mar. 26 and July 3, 1919 (except res F, L,and P.presumably disc ontinued in F. ance. I.....do...............June 7, 1918......Railway operation in Service of Between July 11 Trans.erred to Trans- 36th Engineers (rail- Dec. 7, 1917...... 835 ortatimn Corps in way transporta- Supply. and Sept. 1,1919. eptember, 1918; de- tion. mobi ized between July 13 and Sept. 5, 1919. ized in March 37th Engineers (eec- Dec. 7 and 22,1917. 1, 589 Fort Myer, Va ........ May 5, 1918, and Electrical and mechanical work in Mar. 20, 1919...... Demobi or Apri, 1919; exact trical and mechani- June 30, 1918. Serviceof Sapply until August; graduadly transferred to 1st and date not reported. cal). 2d Armies in August; after ar- mistice with 1st, 2d, and 3d Armies. Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- ized max-. When sailed for Name of organization. authorized. imnin uate Where mobilized. American Ex- Assignments abroad. When returned to When demobilized or strength p e d i ti on a r y United States. transferred. (enlisted Forces. men). 38th Engineers (crane Nov. 28, 1917.... 1,000 Fort Myer, Va...... Feb. 27, 1918, and Electrical installation and crane June 10 and 18, Transferred to Trans- operating). Mar. 14, 1918. operation in Service of Supply. 1919. portation Corps in September, 1918; de- mobilized June 13 0* and 23, 1919. 39thEngineers(stand- Not recorded...... 775 Camp Upton, N. Y... June 7, 1918....... Railway operation................ July 6 and 8, 1919. Transferred to Trans- 1-4 ard-gage railway portation Corps in operation). Septemter, 1918; de- mobilized July 11 and 12, 1919. tij 40th Fngineers (ca- Apr. 20, 1918...... 1,098 American University, Between Jan. 4, Trained at and operated camou- Jan. 24,1919...... Demobilized Feb. 18, mouflage). D.C. 1918, and Nov. flage plant at Lijon; furnished 1919. 12, 1918. camouflage detachments and t~i 41st Engineers (auxil- Dec. 7, 1917...... do............... Feb. 26,1918..... material for divisions, corps, and armies during operations. a 1,025 ..... Forestry operations............... See 20th Engi- Absorbed by 20th Fn- iary forestry). neers. gineers in October, H: 1918. 42d Engineers (auxil- ..... do......... do.............. May 10, 1918....... 1,025 ..... ..... do........................... .....do............ Do. 02 iary forestry). 43d Engineers (auxil- .... do............ 1,025 .....do............... Forestry operation and some road ..... May 22,1918....... do............ Do. iary forestry). work. 44th Engineers(stand- Mar. 31, 1918...... 775 Fort Benjamin Harri- July 31,1918....... Railway maintenance of way...... July 15,21, and 27, Transferred to Trans- ard-gage railway son, Ind. 1919. oration Corps in maintenance ol eptemter, 1918; de- way). mobilized July 24 '-A and 30, and on Aug. tds 45th Engineers (rail- Mar. 20, 1918...... 4, 1919. 775 Camp Meade, Md., July 10,1918....... ..... do. ... ..................... July 16 and 20, Transferred to Trans- way maintenance of and Camp Hum- 1919. portaticn Corps in way). phreys, Va. September, 1918; de- mobilized July 21, 1919. 46th Engineers (rail- .....do............ 775 Camp Sheridan, Ala.. ..... do............ ..... do........... .............. Between June 26 Transferred to Trans- way maintenance of and July 3,1919. portation Corps in way). September, 1918; de- mobilized between July 2 and 13, 1919. 47th Engineers (rail- ..... do........... 775 ....-. do.............. July 14, 1918....... .....do........................... June 16, 1919...... Transferred to Trans- way maintenance of ortation Corps, A. way). E. F., in September 1918; demobilized June 21, 1919. 48th Engineers (rail- Mar. 31, 1918...... 775 Fort Benjamin Harri- July 31,1918....... .....do........................... June 16 and 2$, Transferred to Trans- way maintenance of son, Ind. 1919. portation Corps, A. way). E. F., in Septemter 1918; demobilized June 26, July 4 and 8i 1919. 49th Engineers (rail- Feb. 9, 1918....... Port Myer, Va........ July 9, 1918........ Railway maintenance of equip- Between June 28 Transferred to Trans- way shop mainte- ment. and July 7,1918. portation Corps, A. nance of equip- . F., in September ment). 1918; demobilized July 3, 11, and 14; I-. 1919. 50b Egineers (rail- Mar. 29, 1918..... 775 Camp Laurel, Md..... ..... do ............ Maintenance of equipment........ July 4, 9, 11, and Transferred to Trans- way maintenance 20, 1919. portation Corps, A. of equipment). F. F., in Septemlber 1918; demobilized July 9, 14, and 16, H 1919. 51st Engineers (trades Feb. 8, 1918....... i7f Camp Lee, Va......... June 30, 1918...... Miscellanous railway trades....... Apr. 27, July 16 Transferred to Trans- 0' and storekeepers). and 17, 1919. portation Corps, A. E. F., in September 1918; demobilized May 3, July 20 and 21, 1919. 52d Engineers (stand- jNot r.ecorded..... 775 Camp Upton, N. Y...I June 7, 1918....... Railway operation................ July 4,1919 (Co. A Transferred to Trans- O~ ard-gagerailway op- only). portation Corps; A. eration). E. F., in Septemt:er, 1918; 2 companies dis- continued in A. E. F.; remaining com- pany (A) demobi- led July 10, 1919. 53d Engineers (stand- Dec. 7, 1917...... 775 Camp Dix, N. J...... June 10,1918...... .....do............................ July 3 and 5, 1919. Transferred to Trans- ard- arerailway op- portation Corps, A. eration). F. F., in September 1918; demobilized July 10 and 12 1919. 54thEngineers(stand- ..... do......... 775 ..... do............... June 30, 1918...... ....do............................ July 4 and 5,1919.. Transferred to Trans- ard gage railway portation Corps. A. operation). E. F., in Sestember, 1918; C Company discontinued in A. E. F.; remaining two companies demobi- lized July 11 and 14, 1919.. . to Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. 0O i Army--Continued. States United units, Author- Engineer zed max- authorized. iDate When sailed f:r Name of organization. imum Date authorized. strength Where mobilized. Ameri an Ex- When returned to When demobilized or Assignments abrcad. United States. transferred. (enlisted editionary Forces. men). - - I 0 i 1- I 1- -- -- - 1 -I 55thEngineers(stand- Dec. 7, 1917....... 1,589 Camp Custer, Mich.... June 30, 1918...... Rai'way and reneral construction July 4 and 14,1919. Demobi ized July 11, ard gage railway in Ser vice of Supplies. 12, and 22, 1919. construction). 56th Engineers Dec. 13, 1917. 2,642 Washington Barracks, Mar. 6 and May As units arri'-ed attached to Jan. 18, Mar. 11, Demobi ized in Janu- td (searchlight). 1). C. 10,1918. French for training and erperi- and Apr. 25, ary, March, and Eep- ence in antiaircraft work: all 1919. tember, 1919. 0 trained and equipped units as- y~ sined to 1st and 2d Armies for attiaircraft searchiight works during operations. 56th Engineers (pro- ..... do........... Included Camp A. A. Hum- .... .... Demobilized Apr. 2, .... ... visional battalion). in above. phreys, Va. 1919. 57th Engineers (in- Mar. 8,1918...... 1,750 Camp Laurel, Md..... Between June 30 Inland waterway work............ Between July 9 Transferred to Trans- land waterway). and Sept. 20, 191&. and Aug. 17, 1919. Sortation Corps, A, . V., in Eertember. 1918: demobi lied be- tween July 1, Aug. 4, and Aug. 19, 1919. 58t1Efglneers(stand- Mar.8,1918....... 775 American Expedition- Railway operation............... May 8, July 8 and Transferred to Trans- tdJ rd gg raiway ary 1 orces. 9,1919. portation Corps, A. E. F., in Feptember, 1918; demobi ized in May and July 14, 1919. 59thEngineers(stand- ..... do............ 775 .....do............ ....do............................ July 6, 16, and 17, Transferred to Trans- ard gage rahway 1919. portation Corps, A. N: operation). ..June 30, 1918..... E. F., in September, 1918; demobilized July 12, 21, and 22, 1919. 60thEngineers(stand. Feb. 13, 1918...... 775 Fort Benjamin Har- June 30, 1918...... . .....do............................ June 6 and July 8, Transferred to Trans- ard gage raiway rison, Ind. 1919. portation Corps, A. operation). E. F., in Eeptember, 1918: demobi.ized in June and July 15, 1919. 61stEngineers(stand- .....do..........,. 775 do............... July 10, 1918....... .... .... do......................... Sept. 11,1919...... Transferred to Trans- ard gage rai.way portation 8 Corps, A. operation). . F., in eptember, 1918: dem abilized 62d Fn'ineers (stand- ..... Sept. 17 and 17 1919. do............ 775 ..... do................ July 14, 1918....... ..... do.......................... June 28,1919...... Transferred to Trans- ard s'ae rahway portation Corps, A. operation). E. F., in September, 1918; demobilized July 3 and 5, 1919. 63d Fn-ineers (stand- ..... do............. 775 .....do..... ........... ..... do............ ..... do............................ June 16 and 28, Transferred to Trans- ard gave railway and July 8,1919. portation Corps, A. operation). E. F., in Pentember, 1918: demobi i ed be- tween June 21 and July 1-4,1919. 6.th FEngineers 'stand- May 3, 1918...... 775 American Expedition- Apr. 27 and be- Transferred to Trans- ard gage ralway operation). ary forces. ...... do.......................... tween July 4 and Sept. 1,1919. portation Corps, A. . F., in September, h t. 1918: demobilized t May 11 and between July 11 and Sept. 5, 1919. 0 65th Engineers (Tank Jan. 16, 1918, and 4,644 Camp Upton, N. Y., .................... Tank troops..... ............ ...... ... .... ... Transferred to Tank Eervice). Feb. 15, 1918. and Camp Meade, Corps Mar. 18, 1918. Md. 65th Engineers'stand- May 3, 1918....... 775 American Expedition- Railway operations.............. Between - Mar. 12 Transferred to Trans- ard "a'e raLway ary Forces. and Sept. 1,1919. ortation Corns in O CA7 operation). eptember, 1918: de- mobi i ed Mar. 20, 0 July ,10 and 12, and O Sept. 6, 1919. 66th Engineers Mar. 29, 1918...... 1,589 Camp Laurel, Md..... June 30, 1918 ...... o.... o.. ......... ....... Between July 5 Transferred to Trans- (standard gage rail- and Aug. 16, portation Corps, A. way operation). 1919 (except Co. E. F., Sptember, D). 1918: Co. D discon- U2 tinued in A. E. F., bdlan e of regiment demobilized between July 11 and Aug. 21, 1919. 67th Engineers May 3, 1918........ 835 American Expedition- .................... June 30, July 16, Transferred to Trans- (standard gage rail- ary Forces. and July 22, portation Corps, A. way transporta- 1919. E. F., in September tion). 1918; demobilis:d July 12. 21, 23, and 30, 1919. Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- ized max- When sailed for Name of orgamzation. imum Date authorized. strength Amerian Ex- When returned to When demobilized or Where mobilized. peditionary Assignments abroad. United States. transferred.. (enlisted Forces. men). ; I II II 68th Engineers Feb. 13, 1918..... H 775 Camp Leach, D. C.... Sept. 1, 1918.......Railway operations ............... June 16 and July 6, Transferred to Trans- (standard gave rail- 1919. portation Corps, A. 0 way operation). E. F., in September 1918; demobilized in krj June and July 12 and 14, 1919. 69th Engineers ..... do............ 775 Fort Myer, Va......... Sept. 23, 1918...........do............................ June 10, July 9 Transferred to Trans- (standard gage rail- O and 11, 1919. portation Corps, A. way operation). E.F., in December 1918; demobilized June 13 and July 14, 1919. 70th Engineers (rail- July 11, 1918.... 775 Fort Douglas. Utah, Demobilized Dec. tTj way construction). and Fort BTnjamin 5, 1918, and Jan. 5, Harrison, Ind. 1919. 71st Engineers (do- Aug. 9, 1918....... 2,370 Washingtcn Barracks, Demcbilized Jan. 7, mestic antiaircraft D.C. 1919. searchlight opera- tion). 72d Engineers (stand- Sept. 16, 1918..... 775 American Expedition- ................... Railway and general construction. July 4, 11, and 20, Demobilized July 10 ard gage railway ary Forces. 1919. and 16, 1919. t12 construction. 73d Engineers (search- Sept. 11, 1918...... 2, 542 Washington Barracks, .... ....... ... .... ... ... .... .................... Demobilized in Jan- light). D.C. uary, 1919. 74th Engineers (sound .... do......... 1,275 American Expedition- See Cos. B, C, D, E, and F, 29th Mar. 11,1919....... Demobilized Mar. 19, and flash ranging). ary Forces. Engineers. 1919. 76th Engineers (gen- Sept. 4, 1918....... 775 Fort Meyer, Va. and Demobilized Dec. 20, eral ccnstruction). Camp Leach, b. C. 1918. 77th Engineers (gen- ..... do............ 775 ...................... .................... The organization of eral construction). these units was bare- 78th' Engineers (gen- .... do............. 775 ..... do.... ........ .................... ly commenced when eral construction). the armistice was 79th Engineers (gen- ..... do......... 775 ..... do................. ................................................ .................... signed; they were eral construction). demobilized in De- cember, 1918. 81st Enigineers (loco- Aug. 26, 1918......1 1,022 Fort Benjamin Har- Oct. 26, 1918 (Co. General railway work...........Mar. 20, 1919 (Co. Co. A transferred to motive repair). rison, Ind. A only). "A only). Transportation Cof ps, A. E. F., in December, 1918. Co: B, C and D demob- ilized in December, 1918. Record of de- mobilization of Co. A not complete. 87th Engineers (car ..... do............ 1,022 ..... do................. Demobilized Dec. 6, repair). 1918 and Jan. 5, 1919. 93d Engineers (stand- ..... do......... 1,022 ..... do.............. Oct. 31, 1918 (Co. ................................. July 6, 1919 (Co. A Co. A transferred dard gage railway A only). only). to Transportation maintenance of Corps, A. E. F., in way). December, 1918, and demobilized July 8 t1 1919. Cos. B, C and D demobilized in December 1918. t 97th Engineers (sup- Sept. 4, 1918....... 1,589 Camp Leach, D. C....|........................... ................................... Dem bilized Dec. 31, ply). 1918. 98th Engineers (road) .... do............ 775 ..... do................ ......................... ... I............. .... Organizatbion of this unit was barely com- 0 menced when armis- t tice was signed; de- mobili.:ed in Novem- ber and December, 1918. O 101st Engineers (sap- Aug. 5,1917....... 1,662 Camp Greene, N. C., Sept. 26, 1917...... Construction in Service of Supply Apr. 4 and 5, 1919.1 Demobilized Apr. 28, 0 pers). Iand Boston, Mass. to January, 1918; 26th Di isin, 1919. January, 1918, through opera- wr tions. 101st Engineer Train. ..... do........... 82 .....do............ .... do............ .....do........................... Apr. 4, 1919....... Demobilized Apr. 30, 1919. 102d Engineers (sap- do........... ..... 1,662 Camp Wadsworth, S. May 17, 1918...... 27th Divisbin through operations.. Feb. 28 and Mar. Demobilized Apr. 3, tel pers). C. 11, 1919. 1919. 102d Engineer Train.. ..... do........... 82 .... do............. ..... do............ . .... do. .... -........................ Feb. 28,1919...... Do. 103d Engineers (sap- ..... do.......... 1,662 Camp Hancock, Ga... May 18, 1918...... 28th Division through operations.. May 1, 7, and 9, Demobilized May 20, pers). 1919. 1919. 103d Engineer Train.. .....do......... ..... do............... ..... do......... 104th Engineers (sap- .. do............ 82 1,662 Camp McClellan, Ala.. June 19, 1918..... "29th do............. Division through operations.. .. May 7, 1919....... ...Do. May 22and 26,1919 Demobilized May 28, pers). 1919. 104th Engineer Train .....do............ 82 ..... do............... ..... do............ ..... do ................. .... May 22, 1919....... Do. 105th Engineers (sap- .....do ............ 1,662 Camp Sexier, S. C..... May 26, 27, and 30th Div ision through operations.. Apr. 13 and 18, Demobilized Apr. 25, pers). June 5, 1918. 1919. 26, and 28 1919. 105th Engineer Train. .....do........... 82 ..... do........... May 26, 1918...... ..... do..................... Apr. 18, 1919...... Demobilized Apr. 25, ..... do........... 1919. 105th Engineers (sap- 1,662 Camp Wheeler, Ga.... Sept. 16, 1918...... General construction in Service of July 5, 1919....... Demobilized July 11 pers). Supply. and 12, 1919. 106th Engineer Train. .....do............ 82 ..... do............... ..... do......... .....do........................... July 6, 1919....... Demobilized July 14, 1919 . . . . . .. Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- max- izedimum W b~d When Amerisailed for anl Ex- Asitsarod When returned to When demobilized or Name of organization. Date authorized. strenmth Where mobilized. pmed i t ion ar Assignments abroad. WUnited States. transferredo (enlisted Forces. men). .0 107th Engineers (sap- Aug. 5,1917...... 1,662 Camp McArthur, Tex. Jan. 30, 1918....... General construction in Ser ice cf May 18, 1919...... Demobilized May 28, pers). Supply t July, 1918: 32d Di- 1919. ii n, July, 1918 through opera- tins. 107th Ergineer Train . .do.......... 82 ....do................ Jan. 24, 1918...... ..... do......... Do. do............ 103th Engineers (sap- ..... 1,662 Camp Lcgan, Tex..... May 8, 1918....... 33d Di ,isin through operations... May 23 and 27, Demotilized June 9, p rs). ..... do............ 1919. 1919. 108th Engineer Train. do............... ....do........... 82 ..... ....do............................ May 23, 1919...... Do. 0 109th Engineers (sap- ..... do............ 1,662 Camp Cody, N. Mex.. Sept. 16 and 17, Constr cti:n wcrk in Service of June 26,1919...... Demolilized July 2, pers). 1918. Supply. 1919. 109th Engineer Train. ..... do........... 82 .....do............... Sept. 17, 1918...... do........................... ..... June 29, 1919...... Demlbili ed July 7, 1919. 110th Engineers (sap- ..... do........... 1,662 Camp Doniphan,Okla. Mar. 30 and May 35th Di isi:n through operations.. Apr. 19, 1919...... DemotiliLed May 3, pers). 2, 1918. 1919. 110th Engineer Train. ..... do......... 82 ....do................ May 2. 1918....... ...do........................... ..... dn............ Do. 111th Engineers (sap- ..... do......... 1,662 Camp Bowie, Tex..... July 18, 1918....... Trainir gt Argust, 1918; 1st Army May 30 and June Demobilized June 18, pers). C rps Tracps, Ar gust, 1918, 11, 1919. 1919. thr ugh operations. IA 111th Engineer Train. ..... do............ 82 ..... do............ .... do............. ...... do.. .... . . . . . . . . ... June 31,1919....... Do. H 112th Engineers (sap- ..... do............ 1,662 Camp Rheridan, P la., Jure 22 and July 37th Li i i.n through operations.. Mar. 30 and Apr. Demobilized Apr. 17, p rs). and Camp Lee, Va.. 10, 1918. 1 and 2, 1919. 1919. 112th Engineer Train. ..... do......... 82 ..... do............... June 22, 1918...... ... do...........do.......... Mar. 24, 1919...... Dem bilized Apr. 18 I-t 1919. 113th Engineers (sap- ..... do........... 1,662 Camp Shelby, Miss.... Sept. 15, 1918...... C nstructi n work in Ser ice cf June 19, 1919..... Demohili ed June 24 pers). Srprly to February, 1919: 7th and 25, 1919. Di isi n, Febrrary, 1919, to re- turn to United States. ... do..."...... 113th Engineer Train. ..... do............. 82 .... do................ ...do............ .....do............................. June30,1919....... Demobilized July 2, 1919. 11th Engineers (sap- ..... do............ 1,662 Camp Beauregard, La. Aug. 22,1918 ..... Construction work in Service of May 2 and 3,1919.. Demobilized May 21, pers). Supply to Septemrer, 1918: 1st 1919. Army Troops general road work Oct. 5,1918, through operations. 11 th Engineer Train. ..... do............ 82 ..... do................ ....do............ .... do................... May 1, 1919...... Do. 115th Engineers (sap- ..... do......... 1,062 Camp Kearney, Calif.. Aug. 8, 1918.......Training and general construction June 29 and July Demobilized July 10 pers). in Service of Supply to Octol:er, 19, 1919, 1919, except small 1918: th Army Corps Troops detachment demobi- O( tober, 1918, through opera- lized last of month. tions. 115th Engineer Train. ..... do.......... 82 ... dod.............. .. ... do.... ...... do............................ ..... June 29,1919....... Demobilized July 10, 1919. 116th Engineers (sap- .....do............ 1,662 Camp'Greene,N. C.... Nov. 26, 1917......Engipeer replacement unit........ Feb. 23, 1919..... Demobilized Mar. 1, pets). 1919. 11Cth Engineer Train. ..... dO............ 82 .. :do............ ...do.... ...... .. do... . .. do........... Do. 117th Engineers (sap- 1,662 Canip Mills, N. Y..... Construction in Servi e of Supply Apr. 28, 1919.... Oct. 18, 1917....... Demobiliz.ed May 13 5N pers). to Feb. 19, 1918: 42d Division and 14, 1919. ..... do............ Feb. 19, 1918, through opera- .... .do,. ...... tiol s ........ . .. .. . 117th Engineer Train. 82 ..... do ............... I ..do. .........-- ....do .......................... ..... do.. ....... Demobilized May 13, 1919. z 118th Engineers Sept. 4, 1918-.... 3,082 Fort Benjamin IIarri- Between Sept. 30, General railway work............ Between June 18 Transferred to Trans- (standard gage rail- 'son, Ind. and Oct.28,1918. and Sept. 18, portation Corps A. way operation). 1919(except Cos. E. F in December, A and K). 1918; demobilized be- tween June 26 and Sept. 23, 1919, except Cos. A, F, K; demo- bihized in France. M 120th Engineers (standard gage rail- ..... do............ 3.082 ..... o.'............- ................... . I.. ............ .... .... ... ... I .................. Demobilized Dec. 14 to 19, 1918. Way shop). 121st Engineers Sept.16, 1918..... 775 Ameri-an Expedition- .-- ---...... Railway and=general construction. July 11 and 15, Demobilized July 16 0 (standard gage rail- ary Forces. 1919. and 21, 1919. way construction). 122d Engineers do............ ..... 775 ....do............... ..... do........................... July-...12, 1919..... Demobilized July 17, (standard gage rail- 1919. way constru tion). 124th Engineers (dock construction). .. do ......... 775 Camp Forrest, Ga.. ........,........... Demobilized Jan. 1, and 15, 1919. 14, }0 125thh ngineers (dock .... do.... ....... 775 do............... ..... Demobilized Jan. 3, constru tion). 1919. .....do............ Railway and general construction.. Aug. 13, 1919......Demobilized Aug. 19, 12Cth Engineers (gen- 775 American Expedition- eral construction). ary Forces. Railway and general construction, 1919. 127th Engineers (gen- do........... ..... 775 ....-do............... July 11 and 15, Demobilized July 16, eral construction). base section No. 2. 1919. 17, and 21 1919. 128th Engineers (gen- ...do........... 775 ..... do.. '. Railway andgeneralconstruction.. July 12, 1919..... Demobilized July 17, eral construction). 1919. 129th Engineers (gen- do............ ..... 775 ....do.......... ...... .... do.................. ........ July 9, 1919....... Demobilized July 14, eral construction). 1919. 130th Engineers (gen- ..... do............ 775 .... do................ .... do...... .............. July 10, 1919..... Demobilized July 16, eral construction). 1919. 131st Engineers (gen- ..... do.......... 775 .... do............... General construction embarka- July 15 and 17, Demobilized July 20 eralconstruc tion). tion camp. 1919. and 25, 1919. 132d Engineers (road). do........... ..... 775 ..... do............... Road, water supply, and general July 6, 1919....... Demobilized July 14, construe tion... . 1919. 13 th Engineers(road) .... do........... 775 .... do.............. ... "......" . ... Maintenance of-rdads around St. Record not com- Na, aire. plete. 135th Engineers(road) ..... do........... 775 ... do............ Road work............ ......... .... do... .............. do1..... . " .. ".. 130th Eng in e cr s ..... do...... ..... 775 do.------.------. -.. (water supply). Engineer units, United States Army--Continued. to 0 American H 137th Engineers(elec- Sept. 16,1918...... 775 Expedi- Electrical and mechanical work July 16, 18, and Demobilized July 21, trical and mechani- tionary Forces. in Service of Supply, base sec- 27, 1919. and 22, 1919. 0 cal). tion No. 1. 138th Engineers (rail- Sept. 30,1918...... 1,589 Fort Benjamin Har- Demobilized Dec. 16, way construction)' rison, Ind. 1918. 139th Engineers (dock Sept. 29, 1918..... 1,589 Camp Shelby, Miss.... construction). 140th Engineers (gen- Sept. 30, 1918...... 1,589 .....do.............. eralconstr.uction). 141st Engineers (road). ..... do........ 919 ..... do............... 142d Engineers (road). do.... ..... 919 ..... do.... ........ 143d Engineers (wa- Sept, 30, 1918 and 1,025 do......... ... tn ter supply). Nov. 6, 1918. 144th Engineers (elec- ..... do......... 1,025 .....do............ trical and mechan- The organization of 0S ical). these units was 145th Engineers (light Sept.30,1918, and 1,839 F o r t Leavenworth, barely commenced railway and shop). Oct. 26, 1918. Kans. when the armistice 1 4 b th -Engineers (quarry). Sept. 30, 1918...... 250 Camp Shelby, Miss.... Swas signed; they Swere demobilized in "December, 1918, and zc 147th Engineers (rail- ....do............ 3,082 Fort Benjamin Harri- S way operatioi). son, Ind. SJanuary, 1919. 149th Engineers (elec- Sept. 17, 1918...... 1,589 Camp Shelby, Miss.... trical and mechan- ical). 150th Enginers (gen- Oct. 4, 1918........ 1,589 .....do...,........... coJ eralconstruction). 153d Enginers (dock Nov. 6, 1918...... 775 ..... do.......... cons ructin). 154th Enginers (gen- ..... do......... 775 ..... do............ eralcostruction). 209th Engineers (sap- July 2, 1918........ 1,662 Camp Forrest, Ga., Demobilized Jan. 25, pers). and Camp Sheridan, 1919. Ala. 209th Engineer Train. .... do............. 82 .....do.,........... ......: . ~rrDemobilized rrr ............. 1919. Jan. 26, 210th Engeers (sap- ..... do............. 1, 662 Camp Forrest, Ga..... .................... ................. ..... .... . Demobilized Feb. 22 pers .... _ and Mar. 30 1919. 210th Engineer Train. .... da..... 82 ..... do........... . ... ........ .............. Demobilized [ar. 31, 1919. 211th Engineers (sap- .... do............ 1,662 .... do................ .................." " fr" " " " . " " " " " " " ... .............. .. Dena -. 1919. Feb. 1 an bilized -4, ,....,.......... . 21 Egineer Trtain. ... 82 Camp'Meade, Md..... III, " . . iv ...." .... Demobilized Feb. 1, do;;..;........ ..... 1919. 312th Engineers (sap- 1,662 Camp Forrest, Ga., " .. ".""""" .".. . "f.."..".-..".... ... ..........:..... Demobilized. J&a. 31" pers). and Camp Devens, 1919. Mass. 212th Engineer Train. .. do............. 82 Camp Devens, Mass... .................... " . " ................" " .. " " " . " . " . " ... . ............... .... Do. 213th ngineers (sap- 1,662 Camp Forrest, Ga., .. . " " . . . .. .. .. ..... ..................." ................ .................... Demobilized Feb. 28 pers). .... do....... .. .... and Camp Lewis, I 1919. Wash. 213th Engineer Train. 82 ..... do................ " . .................. " " . " . Y ........... ......" 00.......... ......... ........ Demobilized Feb. 17, ... do........... 1919. 214th Engineers (sap- 1,662 Camp Forrest6 Ga.. .................... " . " .................... " ........." Demobilized Feb. 8, pers). ..... do............ and Camp uster, 1919. Mich. 214th Engineer Train. ..... do.......,..... 82 Camp Custer, Mich.... " r" . ..............." .... .......... ................ Demobilized Jan. 31, 1919. 215th Engineers (sap- pers). July 30, 1918....... 1, 662 Camp A. A. Hum- hreys Va., and " . " . ............... ......." ... " " "'. " . " .......... .................... Demobilized Feb. 17, 1919. Camp Logan, Tex. 216th Engineers (sap- pars), .... do........... 1,662 Camp A. A. hum- " pthreys, Va., and ... " .. ................. . . 0 ........." .................... Do. Camp Kearney, Calif. 217th Engineers (sap- .... do............ 1,662 Camp A. A. Hum- Demobilized Feb. 10, 0 pen). phreys, Va., and 1919. H Camp Beauregard, La. 218th Engineers (sap- .... do......... 1, 662 Camp A. A. Hum- .. .. . .............. Demobilized Feb. 4, pers). phreys Va., and. 1919. .. Camp ravis, Tex. 219th Engineers (sap- ,,..do.......... 1,662 Camp A. A. hum- Demobilized Jan. 29, pes). . Sphreys Va., and July ....... 14, .. 918...... ... ....,. ... ....... . .....,,.. 1919. Camp Dodge, owa, 220th Engineers (sap- .do......... 1,662 Camp A. A. Hum- Demottlized, Mar. 21 hreys, Va., Camp and June 28, 1919. evier S. ., and Washington Bar- racks D. C. 801st -Engineers (sap- Oct. 17, 1917...... 1, 662 Camp ISevens, Mass... Training and general construction June 13,1919...... .... Dmobilized June 20, pers). July 14,1918.. . in Servi.e of Supply to Sept. 19, 1919. 1918; 4th Army Corps troops Sept. 12, 1918, through opera- do.......... ... 82 tLions. 3029 Engineer 301st Engineers Train. (sap- .. do.................Uly11,1918...... . do,...... ................. do........ Do. . .... .do.. ers. 1,662 Camp Upton, N. Y... Mar. 29, 1918.. 77th Division through operations.. May-2, 1919.. Domobilized. May 9, .o........ 1919. 30241 Engineer Train.. 303dEnglneers (sap- do ..... -... 82 ...-1,862 ..... I .................. do 8,62.CmD.............do..do..d .do.. ..... o.... ........................ . Do. Camp D, N. J.....May 20, 27, and 28, 78th Division through operations.. J unet and10.19i9. Demobilized June 12 prs). and 43,1019. Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- ized mhax When sailed for imum Date authorized. strength Where mobilized. Ameri,:an Ex- When returned to When demobilized or Name of organization. editionary Assignments abroad. United States. transferred. (enlisted Forces. men). w 1 I------ 1 i i i - Oct 1i,1917 .:... 82 Camp Dix, N. J....... May 28, 1918..... 78th Division through oparations. June 6, 1919....... H 303d Engineer-Train.. Demobilized June 1919. O Q 304th Engineers (sap- ..... do........... 1,662 Camp Meade, Md.... July 9, 1918....... 79th Division through operations.. May 29, 1919...... Demobilized June pers),. 1919. 304th Engineer Train. ..... ddo............ o... 82 ..... do. ............... do............... ..... do..... ...do............. Do. 305th Fngineers (sap- ... 1,662 Camp Lee, Va........ May 26, 1918...... 80th Division through operations.. June 3 and 9, 1919. Demobilized June 12, 0 pers). 1919. 305th Engineer Train. ..... do........... 82 .... do............ .... do............ .... do............................ June 2, 1919....... Demobilized June 8, ....do........... 1919. 306th Engineers (sap- 1, 662 Camp Jackson, S. C... July 30, 1918.... 81st Division through operations.. June 15 and 26, Demobilized June 18 O pers). 1919. and 19, 1919. 8~th Engineer Train. ..... 82 ..... do............... ..... do......... .. .do......... . ................ June 15, 1919......Demcbilized June 18, do........... 1919. 307th Engineers (sap- 1,662 Camp Gordon, Ga..... May 19, 1918...... 82d Division through operations... May 8 and 9, 1919. Demobilized May 12, ti pers). ..... do......... 17 and 20, 1919. 30ith Erngineer: rain. 82 ..... do............... ..... do.......... ... :do......................... May 9, 1919....... Demobilized May 12, do............. 1919. 30$th Engineers (sap- ..... 1,662 Camp Sherman, Ohio.I June 4, 1918...... General construction in Service of June 26, 1919......Demobilized July 7 pers). Supply to July, 1918; 1st Army and 8, 1919. Corps troops and later 3d Army .....do............. Corps troops through operations. 308th Engineer Train. 82 ..... do................ ..... do......... do.......................... ..... . ..... do............. Demobilized July 5, h4 do........ .... 1919. 309th Engineers (sap- ..... 1,662 Camp Taylor, Ky.... Sept. 2 and 9, 1918. General construction in Service of June 11 and July Demobilized June 18 pers). ..... do ............ Supply P ase sections Nos. 1 and 2. 11, 1919. and July 16, 1919. 309th Engineer Train. 82 .....do................ Sept. 9, 1918...... ... do.......................... June 29, 1919..... Demobilized July 5, ..... do............ 1919. 310th Engineers (sap- 1,662 Camp Custer, Mich.... July 21, 1918....... 1st Tatta'ion to A rehangel, Russia, June 27 and July Semobilied July 5 pers). on general engineering and 18, 1919. and 23, 1919. pioneer work. 2d I attalion trainine to Sept. 12, 1918: 5th Army Corps troops -+ Sept. 12, 1918, through opera- .....do............. tions. 310th Engineer Train. 82 ..... o................ ..... do............ .... do........................... June 30, 1919...... Demobilized July 6 .do..... 1919. 311th Engineers (sap- 1,002 Camp Grant, Ill...... Sept. 9, 1918..... General construction finService of June 27, 1919.... Demobilized July 8, ers). . :..do......... :...... .. ing. ,3 11t ihI Tri .do............ .... .......................do.. Dab. 312th Engineers (sap- ....do............ 1, 662 Camp Pike, Ark., and Aug. 24,1918........do............................. June 25,1919..... Demobilized June 28, pers). Camp Dix, N. J. 1919. 312th Engineer Train. .....do............ 82 ..... do............ .do.... . .... do..... ......... ..... do............ D o. 313th Engineers (sap- Oct. 17, 1917...... 1,662 Camp Dodge, Iowa.... Aug. 16, 1918......88th Pivisinn to Nov. 30, 1918; 9th June4 and 6,1919.. Demobilized June 16, pers). 313th Engineer Train. ..... do............ 42 do................ ..... do .................. do............................ June 6, 1919....... ..... Army Corps troops Nov. 30, 1918. 1919. Dem bi ized June 17, 1919. 314th Engineers (sap- ..... do............ 1,662 Camp Funston, Kans. June 12, 1918...... 89th Division through operations.. May 26 and 27, Dem bilized June 4, pers). 1919. 1919. 314th Engineer Train. ..... do........... 82 ......... ..... do............ .do... .....d o -...... ... ... ... .. May 22, 1919...... ...... Do. 315th Engineers (sap- ..... do......... 1,662 Camp Travis, Tex..... June 13 and 14, 90th Division through operations.. June 15, 1919...... Demobilized June 26, pers). 1918. 1919. 315th Engineer Train. do........... ..... 82 ... do ......-.-..... June 13, 1918...... ..... do...... ............... Dem bi ized June 24, 1919. t 316th Engineers (sap- ..... do......... 1,662 Canp Lewis, Wash.... July 6, 1918....... 91st Division through operations... Apr. 16, 1919...... Dem bilized May 5, pers). 1919. 316th Engineer Train. ..... do............ 82 do........ .... ..... July 7, 1918.... ...... do........................... Do. 317th Engineers (sap- Nov. 21, 1917... 1,662 Camp Sherman, Ohio. June 10, 1918..... Training and general construction Mar. 6, 1919... Demobilized Mar. 31, pers). in Ser\ ice of Supply to Aug. 11, 1919. 1918; 92d Division Aug. 11, 1918, 0 until after armistice; general con- ..... do............ structicn in Service of Supply at Hy Le Mans and Brest after armis- tice to Feb. 25, 1919. 317th Engineer Train ..... do.,......... 82 ..... do...........:.... ..... do............ ..... do...... ............... Demobilized Apr. 3, 1,662 Vancouver Barracks, 1919. z 318th Engineers (sap- Dec. 18, 1917...... May 8, 1918....... General construction in Service of June 10, 1919...... pers). Wash. Supply to Aug. 14, 1918; 6th Di- vision Aug. 14, 1918, through 318th Engineer Train.+ Dec. 18, 1917...... 82 IVancouver Wash. Barracks, operati ns. May 8, 1918........ General construction in Service 01o June 12, 1919..... Supply to Aug. 14, 1918: 6th Livision Aug. 14, 1918, through operations. 319th Engineers (sap- Dec. 30, 1917...... 1,662 Camp Fremont, Calif.. Sept. 25, 1918..... General construction in Service of Aug. 27, 1919..... Demobilized Sept. 10, pers). Supply base section No. 5. 1919. 319th Engineer Train. .....do............ 82 .......do.............. ....... do..... ...... (0.......................... ...... do.. ....... Do. 401st Engineers (pon- June 12, 1918...... 181 Camp Forrest, Ga..... Sept. 29, 1918......Bridge section, Army Engineer Mar. 7, 1919....... Demobilized Mar. 21, ton park). School, Langres. 1919. 55 Engineer depot de- Sept. 20, 1917, and 2, 395 tachemnts, as fol- Dec. 14, 1917. lows: 402d Engineers... San Antonio, Tex..... 403d Engineers... .................... Vancouver Barracks, Wash. 404th Engineers... Fort Leavenworth, Transferred to Quar- Kans. ............ ....... termaster Corps as of 405th Engineers... Camp Devens, Mass... Nov. 1, 1918. 406th Engineers... Camp Upton, L. I.... 407th Engineers... Camp Dix, N. J....... 408th Engineers... Camp Meade, Md... C3o Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- ized max- When sailed for Name of organization. imum mum Date authorized. strength Where mobilized. Ex- Ameri, an n aE Assignments abroad. to to When returned When Wh demobilized e rred or p ed it io na ry United States, transferred. (enlisted orces. tl men). 0 55th Enzineer depot detachments-Con. 409th Engineers... ...................-. I......... Petersburg, Va..... Discontinued in Au- gust, 1918. 410th Engineers... ........... ... .. Camp Jackson, S. C.... 411th Engineers... ... .----...---- Camp Gordon, Ga..... 412th Engineers... Camp Sherman, Ohio. Transferred to Quar- 413th Engineers... ------------------ Camp Taylor, Ky..... termaster Corps as of 414th Engineers... Camp Custer, Mich.... 415th Engineers... Camp Grant, Il....... Nov. 1, 1918. o 416th Engineers... Camp Pike, Ark... 417th Engineers. Camp Dodge, Iowa.... 41Sth Engineers.. .................... Camp Funston, Kans. 419th Engineers.. .................... Camp Devens, Mass... Jan. 4, 1918........ 420th Engineers.. Camp Lewis, Wash... t 421st Engineers... .................... Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 422d Engineers... Camp Hancock, Ga... 423d Engineers.. Camp McClellan, Ala.. 424th 1Eninieers.. I ................... Camp Sevier, S. C.... 425th Engineers.. .................... Camp Wheeler, Ga.... 426th Enineers. Camp McArthur, Tex Do.C 427th Engineers.. .................... Camp Logan, Tex.... 428th Enineers. Camp Cody, N. Mex.. 429th Engineers.. Camp Doniphan,Okla. 430th Engineers. . Camp Bowie, Tex.... 431st Engineers... .................... Camp Sheridan, Ala... 432d Enzineers... .................... Camp Shelby, Miss.... 433d Engineers... Camp Beauregard, La. 434th Engineers.. Camp Kearney, Calif.. 435th Engineers.. Charlotte, N. C....... Discontinued in Au- gust, 1918. Transferred 436th Engineers................................ Canal Zone....................... ................. .......................... to Quar- c termaster Corps Feb. , 1, 1919." 437th Engineers.. .................... Washington, D. C.... 438th Engineers.. .................... Hoboken, N. J........ Transferred to Quar- 439th Enceincers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Norfolk, Va.......... termaster Corps as of 440th FnJinneers.. 441st Engineers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Philadelphia, Pa... Baltimore, Md.:....... .. Nov. 1, 1918. 446th Engineers.............................. Camp Devens, Mass...I Jan. 4, 1918................................ ..- Record incompleteI Transferred to Trans portation Corps, A. . F., in November, 1918. 447th Engineers.. ..... do............ Jan. 15, 1918....... .................................... 454th Engineers.. Philippine Islands.... ............................. Demobilized in Doe- cember, 191,. 455th Engineers. Hawaii........... .................... Demobilized in Jainu- ary, 1919. 470th Engineers.. .. . Camp Fremont, Calif.. Transferred to Quar- termaster Corps as of :::::::::::::: Nov. 1, 1918. 471st Engineers... .............................. Camp Humphreys, Va ....................................................... Do. 473d Engineers... .......................... Camp Dodge, Iowa............................. ................................ Transferred to Chem- ical Warfare Service z in September, 1918. 474th Engineers.. Camp Forrest, Ga..... Transferred to Quar- 475th Engineers.. Fort Benjamin larri- termaster Corps as of .. ..... son, Ina. Nov. 1, 1918. 476th Engineers.. Fort Myer, Va........ 477th Engineers.. .................... ..................... Camp Leach, D. C.... .................... Demobilized in De- cember, 1918. 478th Engineers.. ................ Washington, D. C....... ........ ... ..... C) 481st Engineers... Washington Barracks, .... . . . .. . . . Demobilized in De- ..................... .................... .................................... D.C. cember, 1918. 488th Engineers.. Washington, D. C..... Reduced in August, 1919, to 1 enlisted man. 489th Engineers.. .................... .... ..... do................ ........................ ....... ..... ....... Demobilized Feb. 8, 1919. 442d Engineers (truck Dec. 7, 1917...... 53I Fort Myer, Va....... Mar. 16, 1918..... Motor Transportation Corps...... Record not on file company). in office Chief of Engineers. 443d Engineers (truck ..... do........... 53 Camp A. A. Hum- July 5, 1918....... .....do........................... .....do............ company). phreys, Va. 444th Engineers (truck .....do............ 53 Fort Myer, Va...... Mar. 29, 1918...... do........................... ..... do............ ..... company). 445th Engineers (truck .... do........... 53 ..... do............... July 5, 1918....... Transportation Corps............ ..... do........... company). 448th Engineers (truck .....do........... 53 .....do............... Mar. 6, 1918....... Motor Transportation Corps....... ..... do......... Transferred to Motor company). Transport Corps, 449th Engineers (truck do........... ... 53 Camp A. A. Hum- July 5, 1918....... ..... do........................... ..... do........... Sept. 1, 1918. ...company). phreys, Va. 450th Engineers (truck .....do........... 53 Fort Myer, Va....... Aug. 31, 1918...... ....do........................... .... do........ company). 451st Engineers (truck .....do........... 53 Mar. 6, 1918...... ..... do........................... ..... do........ Scompany). .....do............... 452d Engineers (truck .... do ... .... 53 ..... do.............. Mar. 29, 1918...... .... do................ ........... company). ..... do.......... .... do........... .....do ..... . .. 453d Engineers (truck 53 ..... do............... July 5, 1918...... .....do........................... Cqonipany)..... Engineer units, United States Army--Continued. Author- ized max- When sailed for C Namnof organization. J Date authorized. imum strength Where mobilized. Amer an Ex- peditionary Assignments abroad. When returned to United States. When demobilized or transferred. (enlisted Forces. men). I I I I 456th Engineers (truck Dec. 7, 1917....... 53 Camp A. A. Hum- July 5, 1918 ....... Motor Transportation Corps....... Record not on file company). phreys, Va. in office Chief of Engineers. 457th Engineers (truck ..... do............ 53 Fort Myer, Va......... May 10, 1918...... .....do........................... Iti company). ..... do......... 458th Engineers (truck ...... o............ 53 ..... do............... July 5, 1918....... .....do.............. .......... 0I company). .....do............ 459th Engineers (lim- .... do........ 53 ..... do............... Mar. 6, 1918....... Transferred to Motor C ousine c mpany). .....do........................... ... do..... ....... Transport Corps, 460th Engineers (all- .... do........... 53 .....do............... Mar. 29, 1918...... .....do........... ......... Sept. 1, 1918. weather car com- pany). 461st Engineers (tour- .... do........... 53 ..... do............... Mar. 6, 1918....... ..... do........................... ..... do......... ing-car company). do...... 462d Engineers (mo- .... do........... 53 ..... do............... Aug. 31, 1918...... ..... do........................... torcycle company). ..... do............ 463d Engineers (mo- ..... do........... 53 ..... do............... Mar. 29,1918...... ..... do........................... torcycle company). Apr. 27,...1919....... 464th Engineers (pon- Dec. 13,1917..... 170 Washington Barracks, July 14, 1918..... First toArmy schoolat Langres for Apr. 27, 1919.. Demobilized May 13, ton train). D.C. training; then to 1st Army until 1919. armistice; 3d Corps after armi- stice to return to United States. z 465th Engineers (pon- .... do........... 170 ..... do.... ...... Aug. 15, 1918...... TrainingatArmyschoolat Langres May 9, 1919....... Demobilized May 19, ton train). to November, 1918; then to 1st 1919. Army until return to United States. 466th Engineers (pon-....do......... 170 .... do............... Sept. 3, 1918........ Service of Supply Engineer Depot Jan. 22, 1919....... Demobilized Feb. 18, CIO ton train). at Grieves to Oct. 18, 1918; then 1919. to Army school at Langres until return to United States. 467th Engineers (pon- ..... do............ 170 Camp Forrest, Ga..... Sept. 29, 1918......Army school at Langres........... Demobilized Mar. 21, Mar. 7,1919....... ton train). 1919. 468th Engineers (pon- .... do........... 170 ..... do............ Training in seventh area.......... ..... do............... ..... Demobilized Mar. 19, do........... ton train). 1919. 469th Engineers Feb. 2, 1918....... 971 Fort Slocum, N. Y... Apr. 30, 1918...... Duty in offices, Transportation Recordincomplete Transferred to Trans- (Transpor tt.titon Corps. portation Corps, A. Corps). E. F., in November, 1918. 472d Engineers (mill- May 2,1918....... 8@ Washington, D. C... .............. Demobilized Apr. 30, tary mapping). 1919. 480th Engineers (pon- Dec. 13, 1917...... 170 Washington Barracks, . ........................... ................ °................... Demobilized Jan. 16, tcn train). D.C. 1919. 486th Engineers Oct. 25, 1918...... 62 New York, N. Y........... Ne o kN , ............ .................................... Demobilized Nov. 22, (dredge operating). 1918. 501st Engineers Sept. 28, 1917-..... 1,008 American University, Nov. 26, 1917...- . Service of Supply, general con- May 29 and 31 and Demo ilized June 4, 6, (white service bat- D. C. struction. June 16, 1919. and 19, 1919. t alion). 502d Engineers (white ..... do......... 1,008 ..... do.........---...... Nov. 12, 1917...... Service of Supply, general con- June 22, 1919 ..... Demobilized June 29, servi, e battalion). struction and road works. 1919. 503d Engineers (white ..... do............. 1,008 Camp Merritt, N. J.... Nov. 26, 1917...... Forestry operations.............. See 20th Engi- Absorbed by 20th En- service battalion). neers. gineers in October, 504th Engineers ..... do............ 1,9008 ..... do...............-.....do............ 1918. Service of Supply, general con- June 9, 1919...... Demobilized (white service bat- struction. June 12, talion). 1919. 505th Engineers (col- ..... do............ 1,008 Camp Lee, Va........ Dec. 13, 1917-.... Service of Supply, base section No. May 26, 1919....... ored service battal- Demobilized June 6, 2 on general construction, rail- ion). road and dock, to August, 1918; 1919. t-4 zone of armies, August, 1918. on road work through operations. 506th Engineers (col- ..... do............ 1,008 ..... do................ Jan. 1, 1918........ Service of Supply, base section No. June 1, 1919...... ored service battal- Demobilized June 5, 2 on general construction. ion.). 1919. 507th Engineers (col- do......... ..... 1,008 Camp Travis, Tex..... Feb. 18, 1918. ..... Forestry operations.............. See 20th Engineers. Absorbed by 20th En- ored service battal- ion). gineers in October zyy 508th Engineers (col- ored service battal- ..... do......... 1,008 Camp Pike, Ark..... Jan. 23, 1918.. .. Service of Supply, advance sec- June 6, 1919...... 1918. Demobilized June 19, tion on general construction and 1919. ion). road work. 0I 509th Engineers (col- do......... ..... 1,008 Camp Travis, Tex..... Feb. 17, 1918...... Service of Supply, base section No. June 14, 1919...... ored service battal- Demobilized June 24, 1, general construction and rail- 1919. ion). road maintenance. 510th Engineers (col- Dec. 17, 1917...... 1,008 Camp Lee, Va......... Mar. 22, 1918...... Service of Supply, advance inter- June 4, 9, and 16, ored service battal- Demobilized June 7,17, mediate and No. 3 sections, gen- 1919. and 19,1919. ion). eral con truction. 511th Engineers (col- ..... do......... 1,008 ..... do.......................do............. Service of Supply, intermediate June 9, 1919...... ored gervice battal- Demobilized June 19, section, general construction. 1919. ion). 512th Engineers (col- ..... do............. 1,008 Camp Pike, Ark...... Apr. 7, 1918....... Service of Supply, railway and June 18, 1919..... ored service battal- Demobilized June 28, general construction. 1919. ion). 513th Engineers (col- ..... do......... 1,008 Camp Travis, Tex..... Apr. 29, 1918...... ..... do........ ..................... June 22, 1919...... Date of demobilization ored service battal- not recorded; prob- ion). ably early in July, 1919. 514th Engineers (col- Mar. 21, 1918...... 1,008 Camp Gordon, Ga..........do............ Service of Supply, general con- June 6, 1919....... Demobilized June 13, ored service battal- struction, railroad, road, and 1919. iOn). quarry. 515th Engineers (col- ..... do......... 1,038 Camp Taylor, Ky..... May 8, 1918...... Service of Supply, railroad and June 30 and July 5 DemolFi'ized July 8,14, o-el service battal- building construction. and 12, 1919. and 18, 1919. ion). Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- ized max- imum WeeAmerican When sailed Ex- for When returned to When demobilized or Name of organization. Date authorized. th strenim Where mobilized. A editi o n ary Assignments abroad. WUnited States. transferriledo (enlisted orces. men). H 516th Engineers (col- Mar. 21, 1918...... 1,008 Camp Gordon, Ga..... July 10,1918....... Service of Supply,engineerdepots. June 28 and 30 and Demobilized July 7, 9, ored service battal- July 15 and 18, 23, and 25, 1919. ion.) 1919. 517th Engineers (col- ....do......... 1,008 ..... do................ do............ .... Forestry operations.............. See 20th EngineerE Absorbed by 23th En- ored service battal- gineers in October, d- ion). 1918. 518th Engineers (col- .... do............ 1,008 ..... Sept. 3,1918....... Transportation Corps............. do................. June 30, July 3, 4, Transferred to Trans- ored service battal- and Aug. 8,1919. portation Corps in ion). December, 1918: de- motii Led July 8 and 11 and in August, 1919. 519th Engineers (col- .....do ............. 1,008 Camp Devens, Mass... July 15, 1918....... Forestry operations............... See20th Engineers Absorled by 20th En- 0Tedserni.ke battal- gineers in Octoter, ion). - 1918. 520th Engineers (C l ....do........... 1,008 .... do................ Aug. 31,1918....... Service of Supply,dock andgeneral June 9 and 26,1919. Demobilized June 17 ored service battal- construction. and July 2,:1919. N ion)., 521st-Engineers (cl- ....do......... 1,008 Camp A. A. Hum- Aug. 30,1918...... Service of Supply, general con- June 23, 1919...... Demobilized June 26 ored service battal- phreys, Va. struction and road work. and 27, 1919. ion).. 522d Engineers (cil- ..... do......... 1,008 ..... Light railway construction, ad- June6and 11,1919. Demobilized June 11 .... do...... ....... do................ ored service battal- vance section and zone of armies. and 25, 1919. ion). 523d Engineers (cl- ..... do......... 1,008 Camp Pike, Ark..... July 10, 1918....... Forestry operations.............. See20thEngineers. Absorbed by 20th En- ored service battal- gineers in October, tin). 1918. 524th Engineers (cal- .....do......... 1,008 ..... do..... ....... .... Service of Supply, general con- June 26 and 30, do............. Demobilized July 8, 9, ored service battal- struction to September, 1918; 1919. and 10, 1919. ion). then read work with 1st Army (with 23d Engineers) through operations. 525th Engineers (col- .... do......... 1,008 ..... do................do......... Sere ice of Supply, railrcad, road, July 3, 1919........ Demobilized July 3, ored ser vice battal- and general construction. 1919. ion). 526th Engineers (col- .... do......... 1,008 .....do......................do.............. Service of Supply, general con- June 30, and July Demobilized July 9,15, ored service battal- struction. 6, 7, and 16,1919. 17 and 24, 1919. ion). 527th Engineers (col- do.....------ 1,008 ..... Camp Dodge, Iowa.... June 22,1918. Service of Supply, general con- June 30,1919...... Demobilized July 8, ored service battal- struction to August, 1918, then 1919. ion). road work with 1st Armies (23d Engineers) through operations. 528th Engineers (col- .... do......... 1,0o8 ..... do................ July 9,1918........ Service of Supply, general con- June 18 and July Demobilized June 37 ored service battal- struction to Aug. 28, 1918; then 18 and 20, 1919. and July 25 and 26, ion). light railway construction, ad- 1919, vance secti n and Army zone. 529th Engineers (col- .....do......... 1,008 Camp Funston, Kans.. June 30, 1918...... Ser- ice of Supply, general con- June 27 and 30, Demobilized July 6 ored service battal- structicn. 1919. and 8, 1919. ion). 530th Engineers (cl- do-. - - -.. 1,008 .....do................ July 31, 1918.... Co. C, Service of Supply, engineer June 21 and 27, Demobilized July 1 ored service battal- depot: Cos. A and B, advance 1919. and 6, 1919. ion). secti .n and Army zone, quarry and road: Co. D, advance sec- tion, and. later 2d Army. 531st Engineers (col- .....do......... 1,008 Camp Travis, Tex..... June 30, 1918...... Forestry operations.............. See 20thEngineers. Absorbed by 20th En- V ored service battal- gineers in October, ion). 1918. 532d Engineers (col- May 8, 1918........ 1,008 Camp Taylor, Ky..... Aug. 22, 1918... Service of Supply, railway and June 30 and July Demobilized July 7, ored service battal- warehouse construction. 10 and 18, 1919. 19, and 24, 1919. i-mn). - tI 533d Engineers (c-l ..... do......... 1,008 Camp Pike, Ark...... Aug. 26, 1918..... See 20th Engineers. Absorbed by 20th En- Forestry operations............... ored service battal- gineers in October, ion). 1918, 534th Engineers (col- do............ ..... 1,008 Camp Jackson, S. C... Aug. 30, 1918...... Service of Supply, general con- July 4, 1919........Demobilized July 10 0 ored serc ice battal- struction. and 11, 1919. ion). 535th Engineers (cl- ..... do......... 1,008 Camp Lee, Va......... Aug. 6, 1918...... Serviceof Supply,to Sept. 28, 191. June 30, 1919......Demobilized July 3, ored sere ice battal- then 1st and 2d Armies on road 1919. H iOn). - work and c nstructi-n 536th Engineers (cil do............ ..... 1,008 Camp Custer, Mich.... Aug. 26, 1918...... Serviceof Supply,engineer depots. July 9, 10, and 30, Demobilized July 14, ored sern ice battal- 1919. 15, and 16, and Aug. ion). 6, 1919. 537th Engineers (col- ..... do......... 1,008 Camp Travis, Tex..... July 15, 1918..... Service of Supply general con- July 4 and 5,1919.. Demobilized in July ored service bat- struction and road to Sept. 17 1919: exact date not talion). 1918: then 1st Army on road and yet reported. miscellaneous duties. 538th Engineers (col- ..... do......... 1, 008 Camp Meade, Md..... Aug. 26, 1918..... Transportation Corps............ July 18, 30, 31, Transferred to Trans- ored service bat- 1919. portation Corps, talion). A. E. F., in Decem- ber 1918; demobil- ized July 22 and Aug. 4, 1919. 539th Engineers (col- ..... do......... 1,008 Camp Gordon, Ga..... Sept. 3, 1918....... Service of Supply general con- June 30, 1919...... Demobilized July 7, ored service bat- struction. 1919. talion). 540th Engineers (col- July 9, 1918........ 1,008 Camp A. A. Hum- Oct. 27, 1918....... Service of Supply advance sec- Demobilized June 10, June 6, 1919....... ored service bat- phreys, Va. tion, light railroad and road. 1919. talion). Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- ized max. When sailed for imum Amerian Ex- demobilized or When returned to Whentransferred. Name of organization. Date authorized. strength Where mobilized. peditionary Assignments abroad. United States. (enlisted Forces. men). 0 _-]_ f__ -I July 9, 1918 ....... 1,008 Camp A. A. Hum- Sept. 20, 1918...... Service of Supply general con- June 23, 1919...... Demobilized July 25, 541st Engineers (col- 1919. 0 ored service bat- phreys. struction and road. talion). June 18 and July Headquarters and Cos. do............ 542d Engineers (col- ..... 1,008 f.....do............ ... do.... ... .. Service of Supply general con- 0 struction: Co. A with 2d Army 5 and 6, 1919. A and C: demobil- ored service bat- from Oct. 21, 1918. ized June 23, 1919. talion). Cos. B. and D de- mobilized in July; e act date not yet reportedl. 0 Sept. 18, 1918...... Army zone, miscellaneous and June 23, 1919..... Demobilized July 2, do............ 543d Engineers (col- ..... 1,008 .... do................ 1919. ored service bat- salvage work. talion). tz do............ Sept. 23, 1918..... Advance section and Army zone July 7 and 18, 1919. Demobilized July 9, 544th Engineers (col- July 29, 1918....... 1,008 .... on light railway construction and 23, 1919. ored service bat- talion). and maintenance. ..... do............ Advance section and 1st Army June 27, 1919.... Demobilized July 5, 545th Engineers (col- ..... do............. 1,008 .... do................ 1919. bat- area on quarry and road work. ored service talion). Aug. 29, 1918...... 1,008 .... do............ Sept. 25, 1918...... 1st Army area, road and light June 25, 1919.... Demobilized June 30, r/i 546th Engineers (col- 1919. ored service bat- railway. talion). July 10, 15, and 16, Demobilized July 15, 547th Engineers (col- Sept. 3, 1918....... Oct. 27, 1918...... 1,008 ....do................ Forestry operations............. 1919. 21, 23, and 24, 1919. ored service bat- talion). July 7, 14, and 15, Demobilized July 12, 548th Engineers (col- .....do............ 1,00 ..... do................ ..... do............ .....do ................ ..... 15, and 23, 1919. bat- 1919. ored service talion). ..... do......... 758 ..... do................. Nov. 10, 1918..... Army Transport Service.......... July 5, 1919....... tation) 549th Headquar- Engineers (col- ters ored and ter~s and Cos. A, Cos. service C, C, A,bat- and D. sad . Co. B.eadquar- talion) ..... do............. 250 .... do................ . . Demobilized Feb. 5, 549th Engineers (col- 1919. ored service bat- 550th Co. B. (col- Engineers ..... do............ 1,008 ..... do................ Nov. 12, 1918...... Service of Supply general con- July 10, 1919.......Demobilized July 18, talion) 1919. ored service bat- struction. talion). 551st Engineers (col- ..... do.... ..... do................ -.. .................. Demobillz9d Jan. 6, ored service bat- 1919. talion). 1, 08 552d Engineers (col- .....do............ ....do................ Demobilized Jan. 6, ored service battal- 1919. ion). 1; 008, 553d Engineers (col- ..... do............ .... do.... ........ ored service battal- .. .. .. . .. . Three companies de- mobilized Jan. 6, ion). Mar. 13 an1 31, 1919. Co. 1 demobilized in April: exact date not 1,ooS yet reported. 55th Engineers (col- ..... do............ .....do............ The orranization of ored service battal- this un't was barely ion). commeaed when the armistice was M signed: it was de- mobilized in Novem- 1,008 ber, 1918. 556th Engineers (col-' ... do........... do ................. .... The organization of ored service battal- this unit was barely ion). commenced when the armistice was 0 signed: it was demo- 1,008 bilized Nov. 16, 1918. 564th Engineers (col- Sept. 16, 1918..... Camp Shelby, Miss.... The organization of ored service battal- this unit was barely ion). commenced when the armistice was 0 1,008 sitned; it was demo- bilized Dec. 29, 1918. 565th Engineers (col- ored service battal- ..... d,............. .... do.... ....... The org nization of this unit was barely ion). commenced when ..... do............ 1,008 the armistice was signed; it was demo bilized Dec. 16, 1918. 566th Engineers (col- ....do..... ....... The organization of ored service battal- this unit was barely ion). commenced when 1,008 .. do............ . . .. . ............. _.. , .. the armistice was signed; demobilized Dec. 17, 1918. 567th Engineers (col- Camp Wheeler, Ga... . The organization of ored service battal- this unit was barely ion). commenced when eb. 18,...1918...... 1,00662 une 30, 191..... ........... Fe... ,i98. the armistice was signed; it was demo- bilized Dec. 18. 1918. O1stEngineers (sap. 1,662 Camp Laurel, Md..... Duty at Army Engineer School, July 6, 1919....... De9blj9. pers). June 30, 1918...... Langres. i4 "n19d 1919. Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- ized max- strengthia When sailed for- Asinensabod When returned to When demobilized or: Date authorized. srmumh Where mobilized. e d it i o narynted Assignments abroad. toWhenebiledor Name of organization. (enlisted Forces. men). 0 1, 662 Camp Devens, Mass... July 10, 1918....... Training until September, 1918; H 602d Engineers (sap- Feb. 18, 1918...... June 27, 1919...... Demobilized July 9, pers). 5th Army Corps troops. Sept. 16, 1919. 0 1918, to Nov. 11, 1918: then 7th Army Corps troops with 310th En'ineers. do............. 1,662 603d Engineers (sap- ..... Fort Benjamin Harri- July 10 and Aug. Training to Oct. 28, 1918; then 1st June 10, 1919..... Demobilized June 30, pers). son, Ind. 31, 1918. Army to Nov. 11, 1918; then 5th 1919. Army Corps troops with (604th En ineers. 604th Engineers (sap- ....do............ 1,662 American University, Aug. 14 and Sept. Training to Dec. 6, 1918; then 5th June 22, 1919..... Demobilized July 1, pers). D.C. 1, 1918. Army Corps troops. 1919. 605th Engineers (sap- ..... do............ 1.662 Camp Forrest, Ga..... Sept. 25 and 30, Training to Dec. 6, 1918; then 5th June 18, 1919..... Demobilized June 23 pers). 1918. Army Corps troops. 1919. 0 606th Engineers (sap- Sept. 27, 1918...... 1,662, Camp A. A. Hum- The organization of . pers). phreys, Va. this unit w: s barely commenced when the armistice was si med: it was demo- bilized in December, LtJ 1918, 19i9. anld January, 606th Engineer Train.....do............ 82 .... do.............. The organization of this unit was barely commenced when the armistice was signed; it'was demobilized in December, 1918. 701st Engineers (col- September, 1918 1. 1,154 Formerly 301st Steve- Oct. 14, 1918...... Transportation Corps............ June 30, Sept. 28, Transferred to Trans- ored stevedore). dore, Quartermaster and Oct. 6, 1919. portation Corps, A. Corps. F. F., in December, 1918; demobilized July 5, Oct. 3, and - Oct. 7, 1919. 702d Engineers (col- October, 1918 1,154 Formerly 302d Steve- -.... Nov. 12, 1918..... .....do ............................ Co. C June 30,1919; Transferred to Trans- ored stevedore). .. 15 dore, Quartermaster Co. B July 5, portation Corps, A. Corps. 1919; Co. A July F., in December 30, 1919; Co. D 1918. Cos. A, B, and Aug. 19, 1919. D were demobilized Aug. 4, July 9, and Aug. 23, 1919, resnec- tively. Demobiliza- tion of Co. C not yet reported. Miscellanieous organi- zations States: in United Engineer Band... Feb. 2, 1901....... 49 Reorganized at Wash- .... . . . .. . . . . . . ... Absorbed by 5th En- ington Barracks, gineers (sappers) in D.C. August, 1919. 1st Engineer Jan. 5, 1918........ 3,099 Washington Barracks, Demobilized Feb. 8, Training and D.C. 1919. Replacement ..... .... .. .. Regiment. Engineer 2dTraining .do......... 3,099 Fort Leavenworth, Demobilized in April, 1 and Kans.; Vancouver . . ... ........................... 1919. Relitacement Barracks, Wash.; Regiment. Camp A. A. Humph- .... do............ reys, Va. 3d E..gineer 3,099 Camp Upton, N. Y., .d......... Demobilized Feb. 28, and Camp A. A. .................... 1919. Training and. 1Replacement Humphreys, Va. .................... Regiment. 3 " 4th Engineer Apr. 27, 1918..... 3,099 Camp A. A. Humph- Demobilized Jan. 28, Training and reys, Va. 1919. < Hy Replacement .................... ................... Regent. 5th Engineer ....do............ 3,099 ... do............ Demobilized in Feb- Training and ruary, 1919. {... ................................ Replacement .... ..... .... ... Regiment. do...... ... 6th Engineer do........... ....3,099 Demobilized in No- Training and vember, 1918. " Replacement Regiment. .................... 3,099 .... do................ Demobilized Dec. 6, 7th FEngineer ....do............ 1918. Training and . Replacement . ... ............ .. . . . ................... . 1.................... Regiment. 8th Engineer .... do............ 3,099 ..... do............... Demobilized Nov. 30, Training and 1919. Replacement .................... .. .+ ... . . . . ............... Regiment. 9th Fngineer do............ ....3,099 Camp Fremont, Calif.. .................... Demobilized Dec. 23, Training and 1919. ! Replacement SRegient. Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- ized max- When sailed for imum Where mobilized. Ameri an Ex- When returned to When demobilized or Name of organization. Date authorized. strength p editionary Assignments abrcad. United States. transferred. (enlisted Forces. men). i Miscellaneous organi- w zations in United S-ates-Continued. 0 10th Engineer April 27, 1918...... 3, 099 Camp l each, D. C., Demobilized in No- Training and and Camp A. A. vember, 1918. Replacement Humphreys, Va. Regiment. 304th stevedore October, 1918 1.... 1,232 Formerly 304th Steve- Demobilized Aug. 11, Training and dore, Quartermaster 0 27, and 28, 1919. Replacement Corps, Camp Alex- Regiment. ander, Va. Miscellaneous organ- izations in Ameri- can Expeditionary Forces: 16th, 17th, 18th, Unknown ........ 250 each American Expedi- ................... Transportation Corps............. Record incomplete Record incomplete. 21st, 22d, 128th, tionary Forces. 129th, 130th, 131st,132d,133d, and 169Th Com- panies Trans- portation Corps. 15istCompany, .... do ............ 250, ..... . ............. do ............... ..... . ..... do .............. ............Sept. 28,1919...... Demobilized Oct. 2, Transportation 1919. ti Corps. 152d Company. do . ......... ..... 250 ..... do................. .................... ...do . .......................... Sept. 8, 1919-....... Demobilized Sept. 17, Transportation 1919. Corps. 153d Company, ..... do ............. 250 ..... do. ........... ....do .......................... July 30, 1919 ..... Demobilized Aug. 3, Tr ansportation 1919. Corps. .....do. 154th Company, do.......... .--- 250 do . .......................... .... Sept. 25,1919-..... Demobilized Sept. 30, Transportation .....do .......... do..... ........... ..... 1919. Corps. ..... do. ........ ... i 155th Company, 250 .. . do .- - -- - - - - - do ........................... .... July 10, 1919. ..... Demobilized July 17, Transportation 1919. Corps. 156th Company, ..... do........... 250 ..... do................ .... do........................... July 16, 1919...... Demobilized July 24, Transportation 1919. Corps. 157th Company, do........... ..... 250 ....do............... .....do........................... July 6, 1919-...... Demobilized July 8, Transportation 1949.109 Corps 158th Company, .... do.......... 250 ..... do.............. .... do ........................... July 15, 1919...... Demobilized July 21, Transportation 1919. Corps. 159th Company, Transportation do.._....... ... 250 ..... do. .. ............. .. .do ........................... June 25, 1919...... Demobilized June 27, do .......... ..... 1919. Corps. 160th Company, 250 do.................. ......... o ...... ..................... July 16, 1919 ..... Demobilized July 22, Transportation 1919 Corps. ..... do .......... 161st Company, Transportation 250 ..... do..................... ...... do ...... July 6, 1919 ..................... ...... Demobilized tJuly 8, 1919. C1 Corps. !- 162d Company, ..... do............ 250 . do................do..........do.............................. July 9, 1919 ...... Demobilized July 14, Transportation 1919. Corps. 163d Company, Transportation ..... do......... 250 ..... do............... ....... ... .... do ...... July 10, 1919 ..... ..................... Demobilized July 19, 1919. Corps. 164th Company, ..... do .......... 250 ..... do............... . ....... ...... ..... do ..................... July 15, 1919 .... Demobilized July 21, Transportation 1919. Corps. 165th Company, ..... do........... 250 ..... do.............. . ... ... do............................ July 2, 1919..... .... Demobilized July 6, Transportation 1919. . Corps. 166th Company, ..... do .......... 250 .... do..................o ...... do ........................... July 4, 1919...... Demobilized July 11, O Transportation 1919. Corps. 167th Company, do .......... ..... 250 . d....... ... do........................... ..... .. Aug. 17, 1919...... ..................... Demobilized Aug. 21, Transportation 1919. Corps. 168th Company, Transportation ..... do .......... 250 ..... do........................_... ............... ... do .......... ..... Do. 0 Corps. 801st Stevedore Battalion,Trans portatlon Corps. Sept. 16,1918. .... 1,154 American Expedition- ........................ do............................ ary Forces from 301st Stevedore Reg- Apr. 18, May 25, Demobilized Apr. 28, and June 26,1919. May 1, June 2, and July 5, 1919. 0 U2 iment, Quartermas- ter Corps. 802d Stevedore ..... do........... 1.154 .... do .................................. ..... do............................. June 2R, July 8, Demobolized July 5, Battalion,T: ans- and 15, 1919. 14, 16, and 22, 1919. W portation Corps. 8031 tove-eiore Batt tlion,Trans- ..... do............ 1,154 ..... do ............... .. . ... . .. do . .......................... ........ July 8, 15, and 24, 1919. Demobilized July 15, 21, 23, and 25, 1919. 41 portation Corps. 804th Stever lore Batt ltoi.Tr ins- ..... do........... 1,154 ... do............................ .do ........................... July 15,19, and 24, Demobilized July 8, 1919. 22, 28, and 29, 1919. portation Corps. 805th to -e tie ..... do........... 1,151 do. ..................................... .... do....................... July 20, 22, and 23, Demo ilizedr July 28, Batt iliona,Trans- 1919. 29, 3), and 31, 1919. port-atlon Corps. 806th Fteve ore ..... do........... 1,154 American Expedition- ......................... do ........................... July 11,20, and 22, Demobilized July 19, Batt .lion,Trans- a y Force from 1919. 28, and 29, 1919. portation Corps. 3021 Stevedore Reg- iment Quartermas- ter Corps. I Transferred from Quartermaster Corps. Engineer units, United States Army-Continued. Author- ized max- When sailed for organization. of Date authorized. m imumName Where mobilized. American Ex- Assignmentsabroad When returned to When demobilized or Name of organization. Date authorized, strength Where mobilized. io pedit nary Assignents abroad. United States. transferred. (enlisted orces. men). Miscellaneous organi- *i3 zations in Ameri- O can Expeditionary Forces--Contd. 807th Stevedore Sept. 16, 1918 .... . 1,154 American Expedition- .................... Transportation Corps......... May 3, July 2 and Demobilized May 9, attall on ary Forces from 25, 1919. July 14 and 15, 1919. (Transportation Corps). 808th Stevedore ..... do........... 302d Stevedore Reg- iment Quartermas- ter Corps. 1,154 ..... do............... do........................... .... June 13 and July Demobilized in June 0 Battalion 2, 1919. and July, 1919. (Transportation Corps). 800th Stevedore ..... do........... 1,154 .....do............... ................... ..... do...... ............... Feb. 18, May 3 Demobilized Mar. 4, Battalion June 30, and May 7, July Sand 9, (Transportation July 2, 1919. 1919. Corps). 810th Stevedore ..... do......... 1,154 ..... do............... .....do........................... July 2 and 5, 1919.. Demobilized July 8, Battalion 10, 11, and 14, 1919. (Transportation Corps). 811th tevedore ..... do........... 1,154 American Expedition- .....do........................... July 2,4, 5, and 11, Demobilized July 8, Battalion ary Forces from303d 1919. 14, 17, end 19,1919. (Transportation Stevedore Regi- Corps). ment, Quartermas- ter Corps. 812th Stevedore .... do........... 1,154 do............ .... - .................. ..... do.......................... July 5,1919........ Demobilized July 15, Battallion 1919. (Transportation orps) (845th Co.). 813th Stevedore .... do........... 1,154 .... do................ .................... ....do........................... Apr. 14, July 6, Demobilized Apr. 19, Battalion and 10, 1919 July 11, 16, and 19, qp (Transportation 1919. Corps). 814th Stevedore ..... do........... 1,154 ..... do............... ................... .... do............................ Feb. 12 and Apr. Demobilized Mar. 3 Battalion 14, 1919. and April 19, 1919. (Transportation corps) and (853d 854th Cos.). 815th .Stevedore ..... do......... 1,154 ..... do..................... ......... .... do........................... July 80,1919..... Demob lil4 aug. 4, Battalion 1919. (Transportation Corps)i (857th Co.). 869th Co. Trans- ....................... .................... .... do........................... July 21, 1919...... Demobilized July 5, portation Corps ' 1919. 870th Co. Trans- ° ..... .................... do........................... July 13, 1919...... Demobilized July 19, portation Corps1 1919. 871st Co. Trans- ....do........................... July 30, 1919...... Demobilized Aug. 7, portation Corps' 1919. 872d Co. Trans- ................ . . ..... do.......................... do............ Demobilized Aug. 6, ..... portation Corps' 1919. 873d Co. Trans- ............................................. .... do........................... July 4, 1919....... Demobilized July 1, portation Corps' 1919. 874th Co. Trans- . ..................... .............. .... do........................... June 27, 1919...... Demobilized June 28, H portation Corps' 1919. 875th Co. Trans- No............... July 5, 1919....... Demobilized July 13, portation Corps' ..... do.................. ......... 1919. eadquarters Not known...... American Expedition- Not .... do ...... oo known...... .................. • Record not in Oftiee .................... Grand Division ary Forces. Chief of Engineers. Nos. 1 to 24, in- As a rule the eiite4 I clusive (Trans- men were attached portation Corps) to other organ*za 69 tions forreturntotheo United States or were returned q casu l. t4p Base sections Nos. .... do............ .......... do.....................do.................do.......................... ............. Do. 1 to 5, inclusive (Transportation Corps). Engineer detach- ..... do...........................do................I.................. Duty with various Engineer head- Do. ments at various quarters of the American Ex- headauarters. peditionary Forces. CementMill Co. No.1. Aug. 22,1918..... ..... do............ ..... . ................................. May 3, 1919....... Demobilized May 8, 1919. Cement MillCo. No.2. .....do..,......... ..... do................ ................... .. w.................................. May 5, 1919....... Demobilized May 6, 1919. Cement Mill Co. No.3. ..... do........... .....do............... ................... ............................ . . ..... Mar. 11, 1919...... Demobilized Mar. 25, 1919. Cement Mill Co. No.4. .... do............ .....do............... ... .......... .................................... May 3, 1919...... Demobilized May 13, 1919. Cement Mill Co. No. 5. .... do........... .do............ ................... .... .............................. Apr. 17,1919...... Demobilized Apr. 35, 1919. Cement Mill Co. No. 6. ..... do............ ..... do............... .. ....... .................................... May 5, 1919....... Demobilized May 8, 1919. Cement Mill Co. No. 8. ..... do......... ..... do................ Feb. 17, 1919...... Demobilized Feb. 20, 1919. ' : :- -- } - -- i This company was probably organized from the 812th, 814th, and 815th Stevedore Battalion Transportation Corps. 50 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS,.U S. ARUMY, 1919. ENGINEER OFFICERS' TRAINING SCHOOL. Shortly after war was declared, it was decided by the department to organize officers' training camps in various sections of the country in order to train officers for duty with the forces to be raised for the war. Sixteen such camps were established in May, 1917, at 13 differ- ent localities, and at each training camp the Engineer Corps was authorized to have one company of 150 men. The men selected for these Engineer companies at the training camps were restricted to those who had been commissioned as officers of the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps or had passed a prelimi- nary examination before one of the local Engineer examining boards.: There were about 2,155 student officers at these camps, of whom about 490 were officers of the Reserve Corps on active duty, about 255 were officers ofthe Reserve Corps who had but recently accepted their com- missions and whose assignment to duty as officers had not yet been issued, and about 1,410 were candidates for commission whose corn- nussions had not yet been issued. Work at these camps began during the second week in May, 1917, and after about a month at the general camps, the Engineer sections were collected at three Eiiginee training camps for special Engineer instruction, one at Vancouver Barracks, Wash.; one at Fort Leaven- worth, Kans.; and one in the vicinity of Washington, D. C. The courses at these first camps were completed in August, 1917. A second series of training camps was held at the same three locali- ties mentioned above during September, October, and November, 1917. About 1,500 students attended, all of whom had been commis- sioned prior to the opening of the camps. At the close of the camps all who were not recommended for active assignments were imme- diately discharged. During January-April, 1918, Engineer officer instruction was con- centrated at Camp Lee, Va., with an attendance of about 1,500 stu- dents, of whom about 750 were reserve officers and about 750 were enlisted men selected from Engineer organizations and, in a few cases, from other branches of the service. Practically all Engineer reserve officers holding commissions at that time who had not yet been or- dered to active duty and had not yet attended one of the above camps were ordered to this camp. On May 5, 1918, a new class was started at Camp Lee, Va. The initial class at this camp contained about 1,200 students. This class was composed of reserve officers commissioned as a result of the re- view of applications filed since June 20, 1917, enlisted men selected formn the Army at large, and honor graduates of various technical schools. On August 10, 1918, the Engineer Officers' Training Camp at Camp Lee, Va., was transferred to Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., and its designation changed to the Engineer Officers' Training School. The need of officers to fill vacancies in new organizations and for other duties caused continuous demands to be made upon the Engi- neer Officers' Training Camps. In the first three camps this required officers to be taken from the camp before they had completed their course of training. To meet these demands the course of instruction at tihe fourth camp was made continuous, companies being organized in echelon, so that at all times a number of students were more ad- IN'TR NAT ENGINERR OFFICERS' TRAINING CAMPS." IOX 51 vanced than others. This permitted the War Department to draw on the training school when the necessity presented itself; whereas, under the previous system of graduating a whole camp at a time, there was a surplus of Engineer officers at the date of graduation and a deficiency later. The Engineer Officers' Training School at Camp Humphreys was continued until February 15, 1919. The total number of students en- tering this school (fourth camp) from May 5,1918, to February 15, 1919, was about 4,900. During the period of the war from May, 1917, to February, 1919, the number of students given instruction at all of the Enginer Offi- cers' Training Camps was about 10,000, INSTRUCTION AT ENGINEER OFFICERS' TRAINING CAMPS, The courses of instruction at the Engineer officers' training camps were designed to fit the student officers and candidates for their military duties which it was expected they would be called upon to perform, and especially for their duties as organizers and instructors of units to be composed of enlisted men. No attempt was made at these training camps to teach civil or other branches of engineering as such, since all officers and candidates had to be trained and .quali- fled engineers before they could be ermissioned or admitted to the camps. The first requisite in the training of modern armies is thorough- ness and precision in fundamentals and in details. The prescribed courses are designed to teach, as thoroughly as possible, in the short time available, the duties of an officer, as--- (d) Instructor, by subjecting our future officers to the same drills and individual training that they in turn must give to their future commands, with the rigid discipline and attention to detail that they must exact when they become officers of an organization that is to be trained. (b) Manager, by subjecting them to the same mode of life that will obtain with respect to their future commands, supplementing the same with instruction in the proper method of supplying, mess- ing, administering, and disciplining organizations, and caring for health, welfare, comfort, and sanitation. (O) Leader, by illustrating the tactical employment of troops and by giving each an opportunity for practice in tactical leadership. The :course of instruction at the Engineer officers' training camp, therefore, includes the following: (a) The fundamental training of an Infantry soldier, including Infantry drill, guard duty, calisthenics, bayonet exercise, target practice, signaling, grenade warfare, gas defense training, etc. (b) Practical experience in command, including duties of cor- poral, sergeant, lieutenant, and captain. (c) Instruction in company administration, supply, and army paper work generally. S(d) Applications of the principles of civil engineering to military conditions, especially practical instruction in reconnaissance, bridge- work, trench layout, and construction, demolitions, etc. (e) Tactics, battle exercises, map problems, terrain exerciss, aid problems in troop leading. 62 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERSU. S. ARMY, 1919. RECRUITING OF ENGINEER ENLISTED PERSONNEL. Before the outbreak of the present war the enlisted men for the Engineer organizations of the Regular Army, the only Engineer organizations in existence, were received from the regular recruiting stations conducted under the supervision of The Adjutant Genera, and, except at stations garrisoned in part at least by Engineer troops, no special advertising was conducted by the Chief of Engineers for the purpose of securing recruits especially qualified for Engineer service. The national defense act of June 3, 1916, authorized the establish- ment of an Engineer Enlisted Reserve Corps, and with a view to obtaining through this Engineer Enlisted Reserve Corps a supply of good material for Engineer soldiers in time of war, the Chief of Engineers, through the agency of the different district Engineer otffices, opened a recruiting campaign for men of vocational experi- ence suited to the various classes of Engineer service in time of war. After the United States had entered the war, and especially after the passage of the act of May 18, 1917, it became increasingly appar- ent that every effort must be made to stimulate voluntary enlistment in the Engineers of men particularly suited for that service, to the end that such men should not all be drafted and assigned to other arms of the service, and thus be lost to the Engineers. Therefore, in addition to the efforts which were being made by district engineer officers and Engineer officers serving with troops, there were pre- pared and circulated, under the direction of the Chief of Engineers, pamphlets and posters describing and illustrating the work of En- gineer troops in war, stating the qualifications desired of Engineer enlisted men, and urgently calling upon all men possessing suitable qualifications to enlist in the appropriate Engineer units. Consider- able free advertising of the same character was patriotically offered by the managers of and advertisers in certain technical periodicals. The prompt formation of the railway regiments and their organiza- tion for railway work was greatly due to the untiring and efficient efforts of Mr. S. M. Felton, president of the Chicago Great Western Railroad, who continued in service during the entire war as Director General of Military Railways, with his office forming a part of the Office of the Chief of Engineers. Due to these efforts many volun- tary enlistments were obtained. A temporary effect of the draft was to greatly stimulate volunt try enlistment, men being desirous of securing service in an arm of their own choosing. Later, however, restrictions were placed upon voluntary enlist- ment of men of draft age, but it was still possible under certain con- ditions to secure their services through the process of induction. Quite a number of men were received in this manner until restric- tions were placed upon inductions, which was continued until Sep- tember 12, 1918, during which period practically all men were re- ceived from the draft. In the early stages of draft, very little effort was made at the various cantonments to classify the drafted men according to their individual capabilities, and no adequate provisions were made for distributing such men according to the branch of the service for TRIAINING OF 'ENGTIER ENLISTED MEN. 58 which they were especially fitted. The result was that the Engineer service at that time failed to secure many men specially fitted for engineer work. Shortly thereafter, when it became necessary to organize rapidly for foreign service specialized Engineer organiza- tions, and since the efforts which had been made had failed to secure a sufficient number of suitable men by voluntary enlistment or induc- tion, it became necessary to request the transfer to the Engineers of men who had already been assigned to other branches of the service. These men were usually very desirable in the organizations to which they had been attached, many of them having already been ap- pointed non-commissioned officers. Consequently, considerable diffi culty was experienced in obtaining in this manner suitable men for these special Engineer units,, since the commanding officers of these men naturally desired to retain them. The act approved February 28, 1919, removed the restrictions on voluntary enlistment, since which time strenuous efforts have been made to secure by voluntary enlistment a sufficient number of men for the Regular Engineer units which on account of the discharge of men enlisted for the emergency are becoming rapidly reduced in strength. In spite of these efforts only a small part of the men re- quired have been enlisted up to the present time. TRAINING OF ENGINEER ENLISTED MEN. At the outbreak of the war the sudden expansion of the military establishment was so great as to preclude the possibility of much centralized control over engineering training. The Engineer Train- ing Manual had been issued and had been prescribed as a general guide for such engineer training, and since the commanding officers of all the original organizations were selected from the Corps of Engineers of the Regular Army, the training of the units under their command had to be left largely to such officers. Subsequently, how- ever, attempts were resumed at centralized control of such engineer training, and experienced officers of the Corps of Engineers and officers of the Inspector General's Department, were sent on tours of inspection to make thorough inspections of all Engineer units and .Qf the training they had received. Although the reports of these inspections showed considerable lack of uniformity of methods and results, yet they showed also that, considering thK difficulties in- volved, excellent results had, as a rule, been obtained. As a result of these inspections, however, it was icleidd towards the end of the fiscal year 1918, to institute a more ceitraliznd control over such training by the Chief of Engineers, so as to makei the maxi- mum use of a limited number of trained instructors remaihin in this country. The general plan was to standardize the methods of training, and at the same time to concentrate the raising of Engineer units in a few well-fitted localities instead of raising them, as had liheretofore been done, in many scattered sections of the country. At the end of the fiscal year 1918, it had not been possible to more than statrt this scheme of training. It had been originally thought that by voluntary enlistments and as a result of the draft a sufficierit number of skilled mechanics would be obtained for the Engineer service, but it soon became ap- -4 REPORT 9 tCIE OF ENGIN 8Sp 8, .u ASAEY, 1919. parent that a sufficient number4 f such skilled mechanics could not be obtained,iand it was, therefore, decided by the Chief of Engineers to train in this country the skilled specialists necessary. Accordingly, during the fiscal year 1918 plans were prepared and estimates were made for the installation of an extensive. ystein of trade schools for the training of especially selected Engineer en- listed men. These schools were begun in May, 1918, and continued until December, 1918. During this period approximately 8,384 stu- dents received instruction at these schools. Instruction in the trade schools included such subjects as the fol- lowing: Standard gage railroad operation. Sound and flash ranging. Standard gage railroad construction. Forestry. Light railway operation and construction. Mining. Ponton bridge work. Electrical trades. Carpentry. Searchlight operation. Masonry. Oxyacetylene wel(llding. Motor transportation. Machine-shop work. Animal transportation. Rigging. Highway construction- and maintenance. Blacksmithing. Surveying. Plumbing. Lithography. Trafting. Man reproduction. 8tenography, Photography. At the close of the fiscal year preparations were being m aid or reopening the trade schools. REPLACEMENT OF CASUALTIES. The project for the organization of the American Expeditionary Forces contemplated an arrangement for the automatic supply of replacement troops, according to a fixed schedule based upon the experience of our allies and supplemented, of course,hen neeessary, by additional replacements. The original plans required the Chief of Engineers to provide re- placements for units of the Regular Army and for special services only. Div ional replacements were to be furnished by the divi- sional depots themselves. In order to raise and equip these Engineer replacement troops the Chief of Engineers in October, 1917, requested authoritf it e construction of an Engineer replacement camp to hold 16,000 men. This authority was not obtained until late in December, 1917, and the work of construction was not begun until January, 1918, and at the end of the fiscal year 1918 was only partially completed. In the meantime the Chief of Engineers, early in the calendar year 1918, was charged with replacements for divisional regiments as well as for the special units, and request was therefore made to increase to the capacity of 40.000 the Engineer replacement camp which had been established at flelvoir, Va., and had been named Camp A. A. HIumph- reys in honor of a former Chief of Engineers. Authority was g4ntead for a capacity of 30,000 men, and at the end of the fiscal year the additional land had been acquired and work wMiniogress n.h construction of the addition to this camp. ; diug the completion of Camp Humphreys and the a4dition .49sie,use as a replacement depot was made of Washingtoilar- EQUEPMENT 9E0TIOM. 5 :55j racks, the site of the Engineer School, and prior to the war the sta- tion of an Engineer regiment. Engineer replacements began to be received at the unfinished camp and at Washington Barracks in March, and the first quota of auto- matic replacement troops was in the month of May shipped over- seas from both places. These shipments were continued until the armistice. Ten replacement Engineer regiments were authorized. Five of these had been organized by the end of the fiscal year 1918, and all by November, 1918. Since that date they have all been demobilized. OPERATIONS OF THE OFFICE OF DIRECTOR GENERAL OF MILITARY RAILWAYS. From the beginning of the fiscal year up to the time of the armi- stice the work outlined in the last annual report under this head was continued. All important purchases of railway material and equip- ment and of port equipment supplied by the Engineer Department t1the American Expeditionary Forces were negotiated by this office. It also negotiated purchases of locomotives, cars, locomotive cranes, and track materials for use in this country. On February 14, 1919, the Office of the Director General of Mili- tary Railways was made a part of the Equipment Section, Troop Division, Office of Chief of Engine irs. port as to the work accomplished duringthe fiscal yearis included in the report for that section, given below. GENERAL ENGINEER DEPOT. The General Engineer Depot operated as such, under the Director General of Military Railways, during four months of the fiscal year only. As a reset of the establishment under the Director of Pur- chase and Storage of a central procuring and storing bureau, the General Engineer Depot, as such, ceased to exist on November 1,. 1918. On that date, by Supply Circular No. 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, the purchasing functions (other than those pertaining to a comparatively few items the procurement of which remained with the Corps of Engineers) and all storage functions of the General Engineer Depot were transferred to the control of the Director of Purchase and Storage, and the financial functions of the depot were transferred to the Director of Finance. That portion of the General Engineer Depot which handled equip- ment the procurement of which remained a function of the Corps of Engineers was transferred to the office of the Director General of Military Railways as the Technical Engineer Design and Procure- ment Division, and later (Feb. 14, 1919) was made a part of the Equipment Section, Troop Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers. Report as to the work accomplished by the General Engineer Depot during the period of July 1-November 1, 1918, is included in the report of the equipment section, given below. EQUIPMENT S~CTION. The report given under this head covers the following: The operations of the Director General of Military Railways from July 1, 1918 vember 1, 1918. 56 "REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The operations of the Director General of Military Railways from July 1 1918 to February 14, 1919. The operations of the Technical Engineer Design and Procurement Division from November 1, 1918 to February 14, 1919. The operations of the Equipment Section, Troop Division, office of the Chief of Engineers from February 14, 1919 to June 30, 1919. The equipment section commenced its functions on February 14, 1919. Its personnel was drawn for the most part from that formerly operating as the office of the Director General of Military Railways and from the personnel of the General Engineer Depot which re- mained with the Corps of Engineers under the name of the Technical Engineer Design and Procurement Division upon the consolidation of procurement, storage, and finance. The office of the Director General of Military Railways and the General Engineer Depot were portions of the Engineer Department at Large and were supported from field funds. Upon the formation of the equipment section it became necessary to get legislative author- ity for administering as a part of the office of the Chief of Engineers the personnel formerly belonging to these field offices. This legis- lative authority was conveyed by a provision in army appropriation act of July 11, 1919, authorizing the expenditure of $225,000 from the appropriations for "Engineer operationis in the field," "Engineer equipment of troops," and other military appropriations for the pay- ment of the salaries of employees of the office of the Chief of En- gineers utilized in carrying these appropriations into effect. In accordance with this authorization a new allotment roll has been started in the Office of the Chief of Engineers which contains at the present time the permanent civilian personnel of the Equipment Section as well as certain employees of the Military Construction Division of that office who are engaged on work under military ap- propriations. The orders for supplies and equipment for mnitary operations placed during the fiscal year by the procuring organizations of the Engineer Department have aggregated in cost approximately $588,000,000 covering a total tonnage of 3,473,763 tons, of which 3,269,654 tons have been for export use. Of this latter tonnage, there has been shipped from the mills, 1,200.372 tons, received at the ports 1,116,110 tons, and shipped overseas 1,102,834 tons. The more important orders placed during the fiscal year were as follows: 256.454 net tons of rails and accessories. This was purchased on 377 orders, aggregating in cost $42,290,799.65. 502 locomotive cranes, ranging in size from 10 to 160 tons; 16 five-ton gantry cranes, 135 raised pier cranes. These cranes were purchased on 256 sepa- rate orders, aggregating $16,188,797 in value. 1,010 consolidation locomotives; 125 25-horsepower gasoline locomotives; 159 50-horsepower gasoline locomotives, 611 60-centimeter steam locomotives, 60,000 standard gauge freight cars, and miscellaneous spare parts. The orders for this equipment aggregated approximately $125,000,000 in value. General machinery to a value of approximately --------------- $11, 500, 000 Iron and steel products to a value of approximately -.. 6,500,000 Hardware and hand tools to a value of approximately ----------- 5, 600, 000 AutOmotive transportation to a value of approximately --------- 2, 675, 000 Horse-drawn transportation to a value of approximately---------- 1, 750, 000 Engineer supplif s to a value of approximately - ----- 10, 700, 000 Seacoast fortification material to a value of_ -242, 000 ATERIA-;FOR RUSSIANi SERVICE CORPS. Wt Practically all of the orders above referred to were placed, prior to the signature of the armistice (Nov. 11, 1918), by the procuring organizations of the corps of Engineers-the General Engineer Depot and the Director General of Military Railways-which functioned until November 1, 1918, on which date the consolidation of supply beeae effective. The supply of Engineer material to our forces was thus conducted throughout almost the entire period of hostilities by igencies of the Corps of Engineers, and it is a source of keen satis- faction to the Chief of Engineers to be able to report that durgi this time there has been brought to his notice not one serious critiism f the work of Engineer supply. The figures appearing in the preceding paragraph show quantities actually ordered to meet both overseas and domestic requirements. After the signing of the armistice, cancellations were made on these orders where this could be done to advantage, and settlements were made with the manufacturers upon claims submitted by them in ac- cordance with the act of March 2, 1919. Exclusive of the claims on material handled by that portion of the General Engineer Depot trainsferred to the Director of Purchase and Storage, which claims were settled by the Diector of Purchase, the amount of material on orders canceled was $247,998,562; the value of that actually canceled was $168,319,947, upon which cancellation charges paid amounted to $1,292,109 or 0.77 of 1 per cent. This figure is materially lower than that paid by any other War Department-ab ru, and the work of the Engineer Department in this connection has been officially commended by the Secretary of War. In some cases work upon orders had advanced so far toward com- pletion that it was considered more advantageous for the United States to allow the material to be completed and either use the equip- ment or sell it, than to stop production and pay large cancellation charges. The local Board of Sales Control, whose personnel is made up of officers of this section, has taken active steps to sell all surplus Engineer material coming under the control of the Chief of Engineers. The board has made a creditable showing in the disposition of a quantity of cranes, track material, marine equipment, cars, electrical equipment, etc., at very good prices. Some of the more important sales which have been made are as follows: Cars and locomotives__-------- -------- --- -- $65, 381, 115.00 Metal parts for box cars ------------------------- 3, 463, 300.00 Cranes and accessories.--------- __ _.------2,109, 791.43 The sales board is confined in its operations to the sale of material the procurement of which is still lodged with the Corps of Engineers and does not handle Engineer material now procured by the con- solidated procuring agency under the Director of Purchase and Storage. MATERIAL FOR RUSSIAN RAILWAY SERVICE CORPS. Upon the request of the State Department this section has as- sumed the procurement in the United States of all material and equipment needed by the Russian Railway Service Corps, now en- gaged in the operation of portions of the Siberian railways. Funds for this work, which had just been started at the end of the current fiscal year, are provided by the State Department. 58 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEER EQUIPMENT. Upon the consolidation of procurement and storage in November, 1918, the Chief of Engineers retained responsibility for the develop- ment of improved types of Engineer equipment. There was accord- ingly organized as a part of the Equipment Section a development branch which was charged with this important duty. The development branch includes a number of units, each made up of technical experts, specializing on the study and progressive development of the equipment pertaining to a specific class of Engineer work. Provision is made for the development of sapper, ponton and bridge, ranging and camouflage, searchlight, and com- bat railway equipment, as well as for patent protection in connection with any and all inventions with which the Engineer Department is concerned. In addition a searchlight testing station has been main- tained at Tenleytown, D. C., where facilities for field tests of search- lights and auxiliary equipment are excellent. Up to the end of the fiscal year, the personnel of the units referred to above was made up of especially selected officers and enlisted men, and the searchlight testing station was operated by the 488th Engineers (searchlight investigation). Among the activities of the development branch may be men- tioned the following: The development of greatly improved open type searchlights, designed both for field and for seacoast use; de- velopment of a number of types of mobile searchlight power units; improvement of efficiency and power of searchlight arcs; construc- tion of a railway searchlight tower unit of the bascule type; develop- ment of distant controls and indicators; design of standard types of military steel and highway bridges; development of a number of new methods of ponton bridge constructions of an emergency nature to meet increased load requirements which arose during the war; de- velopment of an improved limber and caisson type of Engineer tool wagon which bids fair to be standardized as a general service wagon for the entire army; manufacture of photographic recorders for sound ranging sets; preparation of detailed plans for a camouflage material factory; revision of tables of equipment for several Engineer organizations; development of improved dyes and paints for camouflage use, etc. The continuation of the development and improvement of equip- ment is essential for the following reasons: To insure their success in the field the equipment of our forces must be at least as good as that of their opponents. To insure timely supply of equipment upon the outbreak of hos- tilities after existing stocks have been depleted, specifications for the desired articles must be immediately available in order that prompt purchases may be made. To save money, it must be known in advance just what is needed so that no purchases of unsuitable or inferior material need be made either as a stop-gap or from lack of knowledge of the actual require- ments of the situation. ENGINEER DEPOTS. On November 1, 1918, all Engineer depots were transferred from the Corps of Engineers to the consolidated Storage Service. A.brief ENGINEER DEPOTS. 59 summary of the operations of these depots before their transfer is given below. WASHINGTON, D. C. This depot received and issued certain special articles of equip- ment such as searchlights and their accessories, electrical equipinent, etc., as well as the various articles that compose the Engineer unit accountability equipment. All standard Engineer equipment for troops in France was received and issued here. In the four months of the fiscal year during which it remained under the control of the Corps of Engineers, this depot handled 15,258 tons of equipment and material. PORT OF NEW YORK. In that portion of the fiscal year during which the depot at this port remained under the control of the Corps of Engineers, it con- tinued the receipt, storage, and shipment of Engineer equipment, plant, machinery, and supplies destined for the American Expedi- tionary Forces. During this period the following quantities of equipment and material were handled: Tons. On hand July 1, 1918 -------------------------------------------- 102,568 Received from July 1 to Nov. 1, 1918---------------------------338, 188 Shipped overseas from July 1 to Nov. 1, 1918----------------------- 339,397 The expense of operating this depot was paid from the appropria- tion for "Engineer operations in the field." PORT OF NORFOLK. In that portion of the fiscal year during which the depot at this port remained under the control of the Corps of Engineers, it con- tinued the receipt, storage, and shipment of Engineer equipment, plant, machinery, and supplies destined for the American Expedi- tionary. Forces. During this period the following quantities of equipment and material were handled: Tons. On hand July 1, 1918-------------------------------------------- 53, 858 Received from July 1 to Nov. 1, 1918-----------------------------311, 509 Shipped overseas from July 1 to Nov. 1, 1918----------------------- 311, 698 The expense of operating this depot was paid from the appropria- tion for "Engineer operations in the field." OTHER SHIPPING POINTS. In addition to the port depots at New York and Norfolk, the ship- ping points at Philadelphia, Baltimore, Jacksonville, Mobile, and New Orleans, established during the fiscal year 1918, continued the shipment of equipment and material overseas. In the four months of the fiscal year, during which these shipping points were under the control of the Corps of Engineers, 76,318 tons were on hand or received and 51,735 tons were shipped overseas. In addition a small amount of tonnage was shipped from Gulfport, Moss Point and Port Arthur. The expense of operating these shipping points was paid from the appropriation for "Engineer Operations in the Field". 60 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIKSERSi UU. S. ARMY, 1919. FORT LEAVENWORTH KANS. This depot was the repository for a part of the military bridge equipage of the army as well as other Engineer equipment and supplies. The general work performed to November 1, 1918, con- sisted of the care of property on hand, purchase of supplies and the receipt and issue of Engineer equipment and supplies. VANG iVER BARRACKS, WASH. During August, 1918, this depot was transferred to Fort Douglas, Utah, by order of the Secretary of War contained in letter of July 11, 1918 (A. G. 680.1-Engr. Depot-Vancouver Barracks). FORT DOUGLAS, UTAH As stated above, the Engineer Depot formerly at Vancouver Barracks, was moved to Fort Douglas, Utah, in August, 1918, by order of the Secretary of War contained in letter of July 11, 1918, (A. G. 680.1-Engr. Depot-Vancouver Barracks). The work performed to Nov. 1, 1918, consisted of the routine repair and issue of Engineer equipment and material. FORT SAM HOUSTON, TEX. To November 1, 1918, this depot acted as a purchasing agency for all Engineer operations in the Southern Department and as a storage depot for Engineer equipment for issue to troops and for reserve. Material was purchased and issued for use in Engineer training of all troops in the Southern Department, including Regu- lar, National Guard and National Army Troops, as well as for Engineer training at the Infantry School of Arms at Fort Sill and at the Field Artillery School of Fire, Fort Sill. During the early part of the fiscal year a ponton shed was con- structed for storage of ponton bridge equipage. COROZAL, CANAL ZONE. Up to November 1, 1918, the Engineer depot at Corozal, Canal Zone served as a depot for storage of Engineer property on the Isthmus, of Panama and in addition formed a base of supplies for materials used by field parties on mapping work. The Engineer depot detachment at this depot with the assistance from time to time of hired laborers and details from the Engineer Battalion per- formed the work incident to the receipt, storage, care, repair, and issue of property pertaining to the mobile army and the Coast Artillery stationed on the Canal Zone and to the military mapping on the Isthmus of Panama. The construction of a ponton shed was in progress on November 1, 1918. HONOLULU, HAWAII. To November 1, 1918, this depot continued the work of previous years, including the assembly and issue of property and material for Engineer operations in the Hawaiian Department, the repair of such instruments as could be repaired locally and the procure- ENGINEER DEPOTS. 61 ment and issue of such Engineer supplies as were required by the Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery troops stationed in the Hawaiian Islands. MANILA, P. I. This depot has been the repository for ponton equipage and for miscellaneous tools, property, and supplies required for issue and for reserve in the Philippine Department. The work, to November 1, 1918, consisted of the manufacture, repair, maintenance, and issue of Engineer equipment and supplies. During the year the construc- tion of four concrete storehouses, started during the previous fiscal year, was practically completed. ENGINEER SUBDEPOTS. To November 1, 1918, the Engineer subdepots continued the re- ceipt, storage, and issue of Engineer equipment to National Guard and National Army troops. ENGINEER DEPOTS, 1919. Amount appropriated in Army appropriation act of July 9, 1918____ $50, 000. 00 Amount transferred to Director of Purchase and Storage- __---400.43 49, 599.57 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year -------------- 40, 048.36 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended (including $6,479.31 held in re- serve by Director of Finance)-- _ ----------- 9, 551.21 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-- ------ ____----- 408.22 July 1, 1919, unencumbered balance (including $6,479.31 held in re- serve by Director of Finance)- _ ------ ____----9,142.99 ENGINEER EQUIPMENT OF TROOPS. This appropriation was used in general for the development and purchase of standard articles of equipment and supplies issued to the mobile Army. Among these articles were blacksmith, carpenter, surveying, drafting, demolition, map reproduction, pioneer, recon- naissance and photographic equipment, and fire-control equipment for artillery. Ponton equipage, portable searchlights, engineer lim- ber and caisson tool wagons, and spring tool wagons were also pur- chased from this appropriation. In addition, equipment for special engeer organizations, such as forestry, road, railroad construction and operation, shop and supply, water supply, mining and quarry- ing, surveying and printing, sound ranging, and electrical and me- chanical, was provided from this appropriation. Materials, plant, and machinery for these organizations were purchased from the appropriation for "Engineer operations in the field." Practically all of the above-named equipment which was used dur- ing the war was purchased by the General Engineer Depot. Infor- mation as to the purchases which were made is contained in the report of operations of the Equipment Section. Under the system of consolidated procurement now in effect, the larger part of the equipment of this character is assigned to the Purchase and Storage Service for procurement. S REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIN- ERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1919. Information as to the appropriation for engineer equipment of troops for the fiscal year 1919 is given below:} "Engineer equipment of troops, 1919." Amount appropriated by Army appropriation act of July 9, 1918 ----- --------------------------------------- $135,000,000.00 Covered into Treasury by act of Feb. 25, 1919_ $126, 532, 966. 16 Transferred to Director of Purchase and Storage --- ------------------------ 50, 000. 00 126, 582, 966. 16 8, 417,033. 84 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year----------- 2, 932, 663. 89 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended (including $1,195,946.87 held in reserve by Director of Finance) ---------------------- 5, 484, 369.95 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ --------- 2, 022,307.34 July 1, 1919, unencumbered balance (including $1,195,946.87 held in reserve by Director of Finance) ------------------- 3, 462, 062. 61 ENGINEER OPERATIONS IN THE FIELD. The duties of the Corps of Engineers comprise various operations in connection with field service. In the late war the most important functions of the Engineer Service in the field were: The laying out and construction of field fortifications; surveying and mapping; provision and operation of field and antiaircraft searchlights; con- struction and maintenance of shelter in general, including barracks, quarters, hospitals, storage, and port facilities; the construction, ope- ration, and maintenance of standard-gauge railroads; the construc- tion and operation of light railways; highway construction and maintenance; maintenance and navigation of canals and other small waterways; mining, quarrying; water supply installation and sewage disposal; electrical and mhchanical installation and maintenance; the provision of all Engineer stores, tools, and supplies needed by the Army; the operation of necessary depots, storehouses, and dumps; the provision and operation of shops for the fabrication and repair of Engineer materials; forestry operations for the procurement of the necessary lumber; the provision of material for and the super- vision of the camouflage service. The plant, tools, machinery, and materials for all these Enginee operations, rolling stock and other equipment for the operation of port terminals, standard-gauge railroads, and inland waterways, and materials for the training of troops in Engineer field operations were provided from this appropriation. The major portion of these materials was purchased in the United States by the Director General of Military Railways and the General Engineer Depot Officer. Information relative to these purchases is contained in the report of the operations of the equipment section. Where practicabile, material was purchased overseas in order to save time and shipping space. During the fiscal year these purchases amounted to approximately $41,Q00,000. : ENGINEER SCHOOL, WASHINGTON BARRACKS, D C. "Engineer operations in the field, 1919." Appropriated by act of July 9, 1918-------------------- $892, 00,000.00 Appropriated by act of Nov. 4, 1918_- ------ -126, 250,000.00 1, 018, 250, 000.00 Contract authorization made in act of Nov. 4, 1918...---------200,000, 000. 00 1, 218, 250, 000. 00 Covered into Treasury by act of Feb. 25, 1919 000, 000.00 $------------------------------660, Contract authorization canceled by act of Feb. 25, 1919--- ------ - 200, 000, 000.00 860,000,000. 00 358,250,000.00 Transferred to Motor Transport Corps - 4, 466,110.27 Transferred to Director of Purchase and Storage_-- ___ ---------- 1,500,000.00 5, 966,110.27 352, 283, 889. 73 June 30, 1919 amount expended during fiscal year .---------- 228, 305, 781.40 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------- - -123, 978, 108.33 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities (approximate)_ ------ 163,666, 449. 10 Tuly 1, 1919, approximate deficiency.- ---- _-----39, 688, 340. 77 The Secretary of War has authorized the Chief of Engineers to incur this deficiency and has directed the transfer to this appropria- tion from funds made available in the third deficiency act, approved July 11, 1919, of such amount as might be required to meet it not to exceed $48,000,000. The exact amount of this deficiency has not yet been determined, it being dependent upon the adjustments of many financial matters in France which have not yet been finally reported. BNGINEER CHQQL, WASHIINGTQN BARRACKS, D1). C. In compliance with letter of instruction from The Adjutant Gen- eral dated June 18, 1919, the Engineer School at Washington Bar- racks was transferred to Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., except the Central Map Reproduction Plant. Temporarily the Engineer li- brary was allowed to remain on the upper floor of the former Engineer School building, Washington Barracks reservation, and other Engineer buildings thereon were turned over to the War College. The course of instruction at the Engineer School at Washington Barracks for the commissioned personnel of the Corps of Engineers was discontinued shortly before the close of the fiscal year 1917, and was not again reopened at Washington Barracks, but was reopened during the present fiscal year at the Engineer School at Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va. The trade schools for the training of the enlisted personnel of the regular Engineer troops were also suspended shortly before the close of the fiscal year 1917. During January, 1918, these schools were reorganized in connection with the training of the men of the First Replacement Regiment of Engineers, stationed at Washington Bar- racks, and were continued until about the close of the present fiscal 125851-ENG 1919- 5 64 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. year. These schoolswere gradually enlarged to the capacity of 800 enlisted students per month. The other activities of the Engineer School at Washington Bar- racks were continued until the post was turned over to the War Col- lege. They are reported on in the annual report of the commandant of the school submitted to The Adjutant General. The Central Map Reproduction Plant, operated under the super- vision of the commandant of this school, is reported on under "Mili- tary Surveys and Maps." The sum of $30,000 was appropriated in the army appropriation act approved July 9, 1918, for expenses incident to the operation of the school during the fiscal year 1918. Since the Engineer School has been transferred to Camp A. A. Humphreys, no estimate is sub- mitted for the Engineer School at Washington Barracks for the fiscal year 1921. Engineer School, Washington Barracks, D. C., 1919. Amount appropriated in army act July 9, 1918__- -- -_ $30, 000. 00 Received by reimbursement and transfer__- ------- 11, 935. 80 41, 935.80 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year- ----- 29, 420.32 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 12, 515.48 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities- ------------------ 9,259.33 July 1, 1919, unencumbered balance -------------- 3,256.15 BUILDINGS, ENGINEER POST AND SCHOOL, WASHINGTON BARRACKS, D. C. The creation of the Engineer Post and School at Washington Bar- racks was authorized by act of Congress approved June 30, 1902, and the work has been carried on in accordance with the gehneral plan approved by the Secretary of War December 22, 1904, drawings of which were published in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1906. A detailed history of the work is given in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers from 1902 to 1906. The Army appropriation act approved August 29, 1916, provided $9,000 for material for a trade-school building to be constructed by Engineer troops. The Army appropriation act of May 12, 1917, provided $202,500 for the following buildings: Completing administration building--- .---------- $125, 000 Completing Washington Barracks ------------------- 55,000 New stable__----------------------------------------------- 20,000 Fuel shed ------------------------------------------------- 2,500 Total ----------------------------------------------- 202,500 Due to the high cost of labor and material, no steps have been taken toward the actual construction of these buildings. The appropria- tions are available until expended. Since the Engineer School and Post has been transferred to Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., no esti- mate for the Engineer Post and School at Washington Barracks is submitted for the fiscal year 1921, and recommendation has been made that the unexpended balance from present appropriations be BUILDINGS, ENGINEER SCHOOL, CAMP A. A. HUMPHREYS, VA. 65 reappropriated for the Engineer school at Camp A. A. Hum- phreys, VTa. Appropriations: June 30, 1902 (sundry civil act) 000 $----------------- May 2, 1903 (sundry civil act) . 800,000 Mar. 2, 1905 (Army act) ----------------------------- 150, 000 May 2, 1907 (Army act) ---------------------------------- 32. 500 July 25, 1912 (river and harbor act) --.----- .- _- 100,000 Aug. 29, 1916 (Army act)---- 9,000 .------------- May 12, 1917 (Army act) --------------------------------- 202, 500 Total ------------------------------------------ 1, 354,000 July 1, 1919, expended to date --------------------------- 1, 142, 500 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-- ------------------------- 211, 500 ENGINEER SCHOOL, CAMP A. A. HUMPHREYS, VA. The Engineer School at Camp A. A. Humphreys was organized in December, 1918, to complete the training of West Point gradu- ates, who had been commissioned on account of the emergency dur- ing the war, after two or three years' attendance at the United States Military Academy. The regular course of instruction for officers of the Corps of Engineers, formerly given at the Engineer School at Washington Barracks and interrupted by the war in 1917, was re- opened at Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., in April, 1919. Trade schools for the instruction of enlisted men were conducted at Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., from May, 1918, to December, 1918. Plans were being made toward the close of the present fiscal year for reopening these trade schools. The post of Washington Barracks was turned over to the War College about the end of the fiscal year in compliance with letter of instruction from The Adjutant General dated June 18, 1918, and the Engineer School at that place, together with equipment, mate= rials,_ records, etc., was transferred to Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., except the library, which is still at Washington Barracks, pending the securing of fireproof buildings to accommodate it at Camp A. A. Humphreys. Expenditures for the Engineers School at Camp A. A. Hum- phreys during the fiscal year 1919 were made from appropriation for "Engineer operations in the field," and are reported under that heading above. The sum of $50,000 was appropriated in the Army appropriation act of July 11, 1919, for expenses incident to the operation of the Engineer School for the fiscal year 1920. An estimate of the same amount is submitted for the fiscal year 1921. BUILDINGS, ENGINEER SCHOOL AND POST, CAMP A. A. HUMPHREYS, VIRGINIA. It had long been seen that the Washington Barracks reserva- tion was too restricted to accommodate the Engineer school, and its topography was such that technical Engineer drills, except ponton bridge construction, had to be conducted for a number of years, and at considerable inconvenience and loss of time, at Fort Foote, or at the reservation at Belvoir, now increased in area and named Camp 66 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. A. A. Humphreys. This reservation is well suited for all l sses of Engineer field training both by the nature of its terrain and by the climate, which permits outdoor instruction during the almost entire year. With the sudden increase in size of the Exngineer school, cuased by graduating West Point cadets in less than four years, and the consequent influx of Engineer officers utterly deficient in their fundamental education, it became apparent that a change in loca- tion of the school was advisable, and, in accordance with the wishes of the Secretary of War and General Staff, a complete study was urndertaken of the topography of Camp A. A. Humphreys, so that a modest beginning of a new Engineer school might be made, and, if funds could be secured from Congress, that all work done there should form an integral part of a general layout sufficient to meet all needs for instruction of Engineer officers and troops for the next 50 years, thus avoiding the loss due to the school's outgrowing its accommodations, as it had already done at Willets Point in 1902 and at Washington Barracks in 1918. To this the Secretary of War desired added a provision for a general staff college of research, pro- vided Congress would approve such a college. Acting under these instrutions the Chief of Engineers had a complete study made, largely by commissioned officers of the National Army, who thus applied some of their time while preparing them- selves for work in France with the American Expeditionary Forces, or while they were at C mp A. A. Humphreys while it was working as a demobilization camp, and by May, 1919, he submitted a complete plan and estimate covering the following items: Engineer School of Application----....__ ------ - $3,621,535.35 Vocational schools-- ----..-- -.. _- -__-.-----1.620,364.64 Instructors' and student officers' quarters - ------- - 8,897,705.30 General buildings------------------ -------------------- 1,14X00,868.92 College of Military Research ............ ,------,..--..2,48,13.;99 Staff village (quarters for 250 officers of college of research) .. 9,767,3Q9.$35 Engineer post (barracks and quarters for two regiments, 3,500 wen and officers) 0-------------------------------- Total -------------- ------------------------ 2,00767 This plan provided for a development largely in excess of the present needs, but was made great enough to provide for all future needs in so far as they could be foreseen, to the end that buildings needed and authorized from time to time could be so constructed as to fit into a well-devised scheme covering all future expansion. In so far as known, the existing needs can be supplied by the expenditure of $12,000,000. To start the work an estimate of $2,200,000 for the Engineer School and $800,000 for the College of Military Research, to be expended in the fiscal year 1920, was submitted to Congress. If this was granted, it was proposed to ask a similar sum for the fiscal years 1921, 1922, and 1923, it being the belief that with these sums adequate provision could be made for all buildings actually needed for the two activities for a number of years. During the interim it was thought that the temporary cantonment buildings, with the addition of a moderate number of wooden quarters for married officers, would suffice to house the Engineer School proper without too great hardship on instructors and students, and perhaps FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 67 to permit the Qpening of the College of Military Research in part, if not in full. THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS. The regulations for the government of the Corps of Engineers pro- vide for a board of engineers, consisting of not less than three officers designated by the Chief of Engineers, with the sanction of the Secre- tary of War. This board acts in an advisory capacity to the Chief of Engineers, upon important questions of engineering, particularly in the preparation of designs for the various structures and devices required in the military engineer service. During the fiscal year, the following changes have taken place in the personnel of the board: Relieved : Col. Harry Taylor, Corps of Engineers, August 14, 1918. Brig. Gen. William T, Rossell, U. S. Army, retired, November 26, 1918. Brig. Gen. Theodore A. Bingham, U. S. Army, retired, May 21, 1919. Detaled: Col. Edward Burr, Corps of Engineers, February 24, 1919. Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, May 21, 1919. As constituted at the close of the fiscal year, the Board of En- gineers was composed of: Col. Edward Burr, Corps of Engineers. Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engiteers. Col. Solomon V. Roessler, U. S. Army, retired, recorder and disbursing officer. In addition, division engineers in whose divisions there are forti- fications are ex officio members of the Board of Engineers, when matters pertaining to defensive works, in their respective divisions, are under consideration by the board. During the fiscal year, the board has reported upon various sub- jects connected with the engineer duties of the Army. FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. The necessity for maintaining defensive works at important and strategic points on the seaboard, is no less patent to-day than before the war with Germany. New methods of field warfare and new weapons were evolved during the war, some theories were exploded and some designs scrapped, but the seacoast defenses lost nothing in importance from the lessons of the war. Rather was the extreme value of such works demonstrated. The Turkish forts at the Dar- danelles served to prevent the taking of Constantinople and the opening of a line of supply for Russia. This instance alone, in its far-reaching consequences, proved the work of seacoast defenses. If we consider the purpose of seascoast defenses, the necessity for their maintenance in a condition of efficiency will be apparent. The purpose is threefold and may be restated as follows: (1) To provide a safe refuge for our fleet. (2) To deny our harbors to an enemy fleet for a base of supply or for landing troops. (3) To protect important cities and naval establishments from bombardment from the sea. These basic principles, first enunciated years ago, still define ae- curately the present-day needs of such defense. 68 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1910. In the days of small ships, particularly when sails were the mo- tive power, the difficulties of oversea transportation were such that landings at points other than sheltered harbors were so dangerous as to minimize the risk of the invasion of our country by a land force disembarked on the open coast. Seacoast fortification of the harbor thus provided essentially for the seacoast fortification of our fron- tiers. To-day conditions are changed and the fortified harbors are but the strong points of lines of defense which must cover the entire coasts. In these lines of defense heavy artillery on mobile mounts can be utilized, but due to the limitation in the accuracy and rapidity of fire of such mounts, the further necessity of preparing emplacements in advance for the heavier calibers and the difficulties attending their transportation movable heavy guns can not take the place of fixed mounts. The movable guns must be considered simply as auxiliary defenses as against naval operations. Changes are constantly occurring in the details of work of defense due to developments of armament, munitions, and transport. The never-ending development of range and caliber has assumed vast importance, particularly in reference to the effect on the protection of cities from boimbardment. Naval guns are now capable of hurl- ing projectiles to distances of 50,000 yards (284 miles). For the pro- tection of our cities we should have armament which will hold the enemy beyond the point where his shells may reach their objective. It must be acknowledged that we are not at present fully equipped to accomplish this. Recently a few 12-inch rifles mounted for a maximum range of 35,000 yards have been emplaced at some of the most important seaboard points. Additional armament of larger caliber is a prerequisite to safety against naval attack. The most feasible and economical method of providing seacoast fortifications which will continue effectively to fulfill their threefold purpose, lies in the yearly.replacement of a certain percentage of obsolete defen- sive works. Security can not be had from batteries which permit an enemy fleet to lie just beyond their range and shell our cities and harbors. The work of constru(ction and maintenance of seacoast fortifica- tions is carried on by the Engineer Department at points along the coast line of the United States from the mouth of the Kennebec River on the Atlantic coast to the defenses of Puget Sound on the Pacific coast. At the more northerly of these localities the carrying on of an important work during the winter months is generally im- practicable. At such places the working season is from eight to nine months long and generally closes in December. Wherever seacoast defenses are under construction a force of em- ployees is now maintained under the direction of competent en- gineers and superintendents. By this means there is no disclosure of confidential designs outside of the department. Under the fortification appropriation act approved March 3, 1919, appropriations heretofore made for fortification construction and maintenance will expire by limitation on June 30, 1920, as will simi- lar appropriations made for the fiscal year 1920. The act further provides that subsequent appropriations shall be made upon a fiscal year btsis. Funds can not be obligated for construction work under FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 69 force account except for the purchase of material. The annual esti- mates are prepared in August, 10 months before the end of the fiscal year. It is extremely difficult, and indeed practically impos- sible, to accurately estimate at that time what the condition of an uncompleted work may be on June 30. Market conditions for ma- terial or labor may be such as to render impossible the completion of the estimated percentage of the work by the end of the fiscal year. If funds become exhausted through legislative limitation in the heart of the working season, the workmen must be discharged and the work stopped until new funds can be made available. To ob- viate these difficulties, and in the interest of economy, it is recom- mended that future appropriations for fortification construction and maintenance, if made on a fiscal year basis, provide for availa- bility of the funds from the date of the act to December 31 of the calendar year in which the fiscal year terminates. The following is a list of appropriations which have been made for the construction of gun and mortar batteries: Act of- Act of- Aug. 18, 1890 _ $1,221,000.00 May 25, 1900 ... $2, 000. 000.00 Feb. 24, 1891 _. 750, 000. 00 Mar. 1, 1901 ------ 1,615,000. 00 July 23, 1892 _. 500, 000. 00 June 6, 1902------ 2, 000, 000.00 Feb. 18, 1893 -. 50,000. 00 Mar. 3, 1903- 2,236, 425.00 Aug. 1, 1894 .. 500, 000.00 Apr. 21, 1904------ 700, 000.00 Mar. 2, 1895 ... 500,000.00 May 27, 1908-------300, 000. 00 June 6, 1896 - 2, 400,000.00 Mar. 3, 1909 ... 5. 064. 00 Mar. 3, 1897 .. 3,841, 333.00 Feb. 13, 1913 --.. 100, 000. 00 Allotments from the June 27, 1914------- 250, 000. 00 appropriation for Mar. 3, 1915------ 585, 000.00 "national de- July 6, 1916- 2, 300, 000.00 fense," act of- Feb. 14, 1917 -.. 2, 500, 000. 00 Mar. 9, 1898 .. 3, 827, 842. 80 June 15, 1917- 2, 500, 000. 00 May 7, 1898 _. 3, 000, 000.00 Mar. 3, 1919 ------ 380, 000.00 July 7, 1898 .. 2, 562, 000. 00 Mar. 3, 1899 -. 1, 000, 000. 00 Total ---------- 37,623,664. 80 For continuing battery construction under way or projected, an estimate of $2,900,000 is submitted. Modernizing older emplacements.-Many of the older emplace- ments are obsolete and without armament. To obviate placing other batteries in the obsolete class it is essential that changes be made from time to time to keep them in condition such that they may be efficiently used as part of the seacoast defenses. The modifi- cations required include the widening of loading platforms, improv- ing the ammunition service and adapting it to the modern long pointed projectiles, providing adequate ventilation for magazines, and providing satisfactory electric wiring. Considerable work has been done in connection with the modification of projectile hoists, but funds in hand are not sufficient to complete the necessary changes. An estimate of $157,510 is presented this year to provide for widen- ing the loading platforms of certain major caliber batteries, the ven- tilation of certain magazines, and the completion of the modification of 10-inch hoists. Appropriations for modernizing older emplace- ments have been made as follows: 70 REPORT OF CHE 0 OF ENGINEERS, 1. S. ARMIY, 1919. Act of- Mar. 3, 1905- ..--- -------------- -.---- -- $450, 000. 0() June 25, 1906---------------------------------------150,000. 0() Mar. 2, 1907 .--------------------------------------- 100, 000. 0() May 27, 1908 (new applicat on of funds appropriated for pneumatic-dynamite batteries)- 165, 231. 8 ) Mar. 3, 1909-------------------s- ---- - 100, 000. 0( 0 Feb. 13, 1913 ---------------------------------------- 25,000. 0( 0 June 27, 1914 (new application of funds appropriated for repair and protection of defenses of Pensacola, Fla.) .------ 100, 000. 0( 0 Mar. 3, 1915.. ---------------------------------------- 100,000. 0( ) 0 July 6, 1916-----------------------------------------78, 500. 0() 0 Feb. 14, 1917---------------------------------------102, 000. 0( Mar. 3, 1919 ----------------------------------------.. 37,250. 0 Total ----------------------------------------- 1, 408, 011.36 Fire control at fortiflcations.-The modification of fire control projects, which was necessitated by the removal of certain armament for use overseas, has interfered with the prosecution of the work, to a considerable extent. During the past year, work has been in progress .on the construction of protected switchboard rooms, and the pro- vision of stations for coincident range finders. Work is still in progress on the fire control installation at San Diego. A large amount of work remains to be done, particularly in connection with the operation of the new long-range batteries. This appropriation is distributed by the Secretary of War among the Engineer and Ordnance Departments and the Signal Corps. Prior to 1905 appropriations for this work, so far as performed by the Engineer Department, were made under the title "Installation of range and position finders," as follows: Act of- July 7, 1898 ------------------------------------------ $150, 000 May 25, 1900 -------------------------.--------- 150, 000 Mar. 1, 1901 ------------------------------------------- 150,000 June 6, 1902 ------------------------------------------- 325,000 Mar. 3, 1903 ------------------------------------------- 223, 500 Apr. 21, 1904 ------------------------------------------ 225,.000 Total --------------------------------------------- 1,223, 500 Later appropriations have been made under the title "Fire control at fortifications," applicable to the work of the Engineer and Ord- nance Departments and the Signal Corps. The amounts appropri- ated and the portions thereof assigned to the Engineer Department are as follows: Assigred -Act of- Appro- to ]ngi- prlated. feer De- partment. Mar.3,1905.................................................................. $1,000,000.00 $50,000.00 June 25,1906............................................................... 700,00000 217,631.37 432,784.81 Mar.2,1907................................................................... 000,000.00 May 27,108.................................................................. 270, 25 0 7,456.00 3.00129 Mar.3 1909.................................................................. 247,055.00 197,972.00 June 23, 1910...................................... .......................... 200,00000 Mar. 4, 1911........................................................... ......100,000.00 June 6,1912....................................... ........... 100,000.00 392,027.64 Mar.3, 1915................................................................. 130,000.00 July 6, 1916.................................................................. 600,000.00 . Feb. 14,1917................................................................ 608,796.00 June 15,1917 ................................................................. 3,147,225.00 924,175.00 Total....................................................8003,332.00 CM1FIAAI01*TV' ON 1 . TJITj STATE, 71 Approptiatini fo' eleotri and oundranging eipm~nt, et.-- Funds for electrical installations have been provided by Congress as follows: At of-~ At 6f- Ma 27, 08$844&88 Mat. 3, 1915---------$50, 000 Mar, 8, 190. 100,000 Feb., 14, 1917 - 110,000 Mar. 4, 1911 .. 50,000 June 15, 197 1., 700, 000 Feb. 1 3, '005..050,000 191 June 27, 1914--------- 50, 000 ''tai 2, 458, 888 Appropriations for searchlights have been made as follows: Act of-- Act of- Mar. 1, 1901 (New York June 6, 1912 (reap- Harbor)---------- $150, 000 propriated from bal- June 6, 1902 50, 00 1--------- ances of other funds) $25, 000 Mar. 3, 1903--------- 150, 000 Feb. 13, 1013--------- 100, 000 Apr. 21, 1904--------150,000 June 27, 1914- --- 100,000 Mar. 3, 1905- -_ - 200, 000 Mar. 3, 1915_.... 150,000 June 25, 1906- --- 125, 000 July 6, 1916- --- 226,700 Mar. 2, 1907- --- 210,000 Feb. 14, 1917- --- 250,000 Mar. 27, 1908---- 210, 000 June 15, 1917 ------ 5, 900,000 Mar. 3, 1909- --- 210, 000 June 23, 1910---------- 50, 000 Total- ---- 8, 406, 700 Mar. 4, 1911----------50,000 By the fortification act approved July 8, 1918, appropriations for electrical installations and for searchlights were cornsolidated and made available for the installation and replacement of electric-light and power plants at seacoast fortifications in the United States; the purchase and installation of searchlights for antiaircraft defenses and accessories therefor; and the procurement and installation of sound-ranging equipment for use in the United States, the insular possessions, and the Panama Canal, and for salaries of electrical experts, engineers, and other employees necessary to procure and install the same. Total amount of appropriations as listed above-._---. $10, 865, 588 Covered into Treasury by fortificatiof act, approved Mar. 3, 1919_ 1, 250, 000 Total net appropriations ----------- _______-- 9, 615,588 With the funds provided, generating equipment and searchlights have been procured for approved projects. Some of the generating equipment has been installed and some is now in process of installa- tion. None of the searchlights has been permanently installed, as a satisfactory type of remnote control was not developed until near the close of the fiscal year, the delay being due to pressure of work on overseas contracts. In connection with domestic anti-aircraft defenses, temporary installations of searchlights and generating equipment were made. Results of considerable value have been obtained in the development of searchlights and sound ranging equip- ment, particularly of portable types and details of carbon composi- tion, lamp mechanism, mirrors, etc. Further development is in prog- ress looking to the procurement of a type of collapsible tower on which searchlights may be mounted either in fixed positions, or on railroad cars, or on caterpillar tractors. Many searchlights are now mounted on fixed wood or steel towers and thus serve as ranging points for enemy ships and disclose the location of our defenses. As tactical requirements of modern seacoast defense demand installations 72 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. of such character that the beam may be operated at a suitable eleva- tion above the water, and in certain positions relative to the other defensive works, and to the point of enemy approach, the installation must be such that the searchlight and its support may be hidden from view during hours of daylight. Several types of disappearing mounts have been used, but in general their cost has been too great to warrant extensive installations. One type of disappearing instal- lation which operates in like manner to a sidewalk elevator is satis- factory for high sites and is being installed at moderate expense. It is expected that the development now under way will provide a satisfactory type of installation for low sites. To complete the installation of searchlights and electric plants an estimate of $3,218,500 is submitted for 1921. Sites for fortifications-Funds have been provided by Congress for the acquisition of sites required in connection with the construc- tion of fortifications as follows: Act of- Act of- Aug. 18, 1890 $500, 000 June 6, 1902 --------- $200, 000 Feb. 24, 1891_ 500. 000 Mar. 3, 1903 _.... 200,000 July 23, 1892 .... 500, 000 Apr. 21, 1904 ---------- 100, 000 Feb. 18, 1893 175,000 May 27, 1908 121, 048 Aug. 1, 1894--------- 150, 000 Mar. 3, 1909_- --- 250,000 June 6, 1896_ .... ... 500, 000 Feb. 13. 1913--------- 100,000 Mar. 3, 1897_ -- 300, 000 June 23, 1914_ ..... _..31,000 May 7, 1898----- 300, 000 July 6, 1916_ - -1, 400, 000 Mar. 3, 1899- ------- 300, 000 Feb. 14, 1917---------- 100,000 May 25, 1900. ... 200,000 Mar. 1, 1901-------- 200,000 Total -- 6, 127, 048 The acquisition of all of the land to be purchased with the funds provided in recent appropriations has been accomplished. An esti- mate of $15,000 is submitted for 1921. Preservation and repair of fortifications.-Appropriations for preservation and repair of fortifications have been made as follows: Act of- Act of- Sept. 22, 1888 $100, 000 May 27, 1908_ $225,000 Mar. 2, 1889_ --- 100, 000 Mar. 3, 1909 _... 225,000 Aug. 18, 1890 80,000 June 23, 1910 ... 300,000 Feb. 24, 1891 80, 000 Mar. 4, 1911 300,000 July 23, 1892 ____ 60, 000 June 16, 1912 (includ- Feb. 18, 1893 45, 000 ing $125,000 reappro- Aug. 1, 1894 .... 45, 000 priated from balance Mar. 2, 1895 45, 000 of other funds) .. 300, 000 June 6, 1896_ ....... 50, 000 Feb. 13, 1913____ 200, 000 Mar. 3, 1897 .- . 100,000 June 27, 1914 (reappro- May 7, 1898 100, 000 priated from balance Mar. 3, 1899 --.. 100, 000 of another appropri- May 25, 1900 _... 100,000 ation) 165,000 Mar. 1, 1901 100, 000 Mar. 3, 1915 200, 000 Feb. 14, 1902 3, 000 July 6, 1916 .... 250, 000 June 6, 1902 300, 000 Feb. 14, 1917 250, 000 Mar. 3, 1903 .... 300,000 July 8, 1918 . 250, 000 Apr. 21, 1904 _... 300, 000 Mar. 3, 1919 .... 250, 000 Mar. 3, 1905 _. .. 300, 000 June 25, 1906 200, 000 Total- - - -- - 5, 623,000 Mar. 2, 1907. 200, 000 Appropriations for preservation and repair of torpedo structures have been made as follows: FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 73 Act of- Act of- June 25, 1906 $10, 000 .... June 6, 1912- --- $20, 000 Mar. 2, 1907 ...-.. 10, 000 Feb. 13, 1913 _ - 20, 000 May 27, 1908 ...-.. 15, 000 June 27, 1914_ ---- 20, 000 Mar. 3, 1909 ..... 20, 000 June 23, 1910 .... 20, 000 Total-- ----- 155, 000 Mar. 4, 1911. 20, 000 The maintenance of seacoast defensive works has become a matter of serious importance. Appropriations for this purpose have been inadequate for a number of years. Many necessary repairs are de- ferred from year to year due to lack of funds, with the result that, when attention finally becomes imperative, the conditions have be- come so aggravated that the cost of restoration is often several times what the outlay for prompt repair would have been. Under present conditions of cost of labor and materials, the amount of repair work which can be done with a given amount of money is only about half what could be accomplished 10 years or more ago. From 1902 to 1905 the appropriation for preservation and repair was $300,000 each year. Since 1912, the annual appropriation has averaged about $230,000, including appropriations applicable to the maintenance of torpedo structures. For the past four years $250,000 has been ap- propriated annually. This amount is inadequate to provide for necessary repairs, and it is particularly so during a period of high costs for material and labor. In the interest of economy it is earnestly recommended that $400,- 000 be appropriated for preservation and repair of fortifications for the fiscal year 1921. Plans for fortifications and other woorks of defense.-Funds are re- quired under this head for the periodical preparation and revision of projects and plans of works for the permanent fortifications of the United States and for the preparation of plans in connection with land defenses. The following is a list of appropriations made to date under this head: Act of- Act of- Mar. 2, 1889- .----- $5, 000 Mar. 3, 1905 ------------ $5, 000 Aug. 18, 1890----- 5,000 June 25. 1906------------ 5, 000 Feb. 24, 1891- ---- 5,000 Mar. 2, 1907_ --- - 5,000 July 23, 1892-........ 5, 000 May 27, 1908_ ---- 5,000 Feb. 18, 1893_--- 5, 000 Mar. 3. 1909------------- 5,000 Aug. 1, 1894---------- 5,000 June 23, 1910------------ 5,000 Mar. 2, 1895---------- 5,000 Mar. 4, 1911_- - 5, 000 Jne 6, 1896----------_ 5,000 June 6, 1912 ,-------------5000 Mar. 3, 1897_-------- 5, 000 Mar. 3, 1913--- ---------- 5, 000 May 7, 1898---------- 5, 000 June 27, 1914 _-------- 5, 000 Mar. 3. 1899_.... 5,000 Mar. 3. 1915--- ------ 10, 000 May 25, 1900 5, 000 June 6, 1916 ---------- 25,000 Mar. 1, 1901---------- 5, 000 Feb. 14, 1917------- - 25,000 June 6, 1902 5.000 Mar. 3, 1919 _.....-____ 25, 000 Mar. 3, 1903---------- 5, 000 Apr. 21, 1904--------- 5,000 Total--------------- 215, 000 For this purpose an estimate of $25,000 is submitted for the fiscal year 1921. Supplies for seacoast defenses.-This appropriation is designed for the maintenance and repair of searchlights and electric light and power equipment for seacoast fortifications, and for tools, elec- 74 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1919. trical and other supplies, and for appliances to be used in their op- eration. Appropriations for supplies for sdeacoast defenses have been made as follows: Act of- Act of- May 25, 1900---------- $25, 000 June 6, 1912_---- $45, 000 Mar. 1, 1901- ---- 25, 000 Feb. 13, 1913 _40, 000 June 6, 1902---- 25, 000 June 27, 1914___ ....... 40,000 Mar. 3, 1903 _---- -- 35,'000 Ma'. 3, 1915 ------------ 40, 000 Apr. 21, 1904 ----------- 35, 000 July 6, 1916------------ 40, 000O Mar. ~ 1905--__- -- 40,000 Feb. 14, 1917--------- - 40, 000 June 25, 19063__. _=_ 30, 000 Mar. 28, 1918---------- 60, 000 Mar. 2, 1907----------- 40,000 July 8, 1918_........... 40, 000 May 27, 1908 ----------- 44, 500 Mar. 3, 1919----------- 50, 000 Mar. 3~ 1909------------ 40, 000 June 23, 1910 ...... -- 45,000 Total --------------- 824, 500 Mar. 4, 1911------ 45, 000 For the fiscal year 1921 an estimate of $75,000 has-been submitted under this head. Seawalls and embankments.-Seacoast reservations are necessarily located where they are subjected to wave action. Atmany of the forts it is necessary to provide means to prevent the washing away of valuable land or improvements, and to repair damages done by occa- sional violent storms. Appropriations for seawalls and embankments, exclusive of those for particular localities, have been made as follows: Act of- Act of- Sept. 22, 1888_ _ $117, 000 Mar. 2, 1907 $25, 000 June 6, 1896 17.975 May 27, 1908 50,000 Mar. 8, 1897.......... 833,000 Mar. 3, 1909 50, 000 May 7, 1898 ..... 55, 000 June 6, 1912 (reappro- Mar. 3, 1899 ..... 2, 500 priated from balances May 25, 1900 . .. 50, 000 of other funds) .. 25, 000 Mar. 1, 1901_ 100, 000 June 27, 1914 .... 25, 000 June 6, 1902 ..... 100, 000 Mar. 3, 1915_ 27, 000 Mar. 3, 1903 89, 575 Feb. 14, 1917 ..... 93, 000 Apr. 21, 1904 ..-.. 99, 000 M ar. 3, 1905 . . - -. 19, 400 Total------------ 1, 028, 450 June 25, 1906 . .. 50,000 For the fiscal year 1921 an estimate of $547,000 is submitted, the most of which is for the protection of Fort Screven, Ga., where con- siderable inroads have already been made by the sea. Protection of Sandy Hook Reservation, N. J.-This reservation is the site of important coast defenses and of an Ordnance proving ground. There is a considerable area to this reservation,~.but it is connected with the mainland by a narrow neck which is traversed by a railroad and a roadway. The ocean shore in this vicinity is con- stantly changing. The littoral current is from south to north, and groins, which have been constructed by the State of New Jersey and others for the purpose of catching sand and thus protecting the shore line, have reduced the flow of sand along the Government res- ervation to such an extent that there has been grave danger of the complete carrying away of the connecting neck of land. During severe storms of the winter 1914-15 the beach in front of the riprap sea wall, which was built as a protection for this strip, was cut away, and the sea wall was lowere for part of its length. The storm waves were then able to wash over the wall and the water FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 75 to escape across the neck into the Shrewsbury River. The result has been that the wagon road has been washed away several times and the railroad has been maintained only with considerable difficulty. As this narrow neck of land is the only direct means of communi- cation between the reservation and the mainland it is very important that it should be maintained intact. This connection will also be essential in time of war to allow mobile artillery units to move freely to all parts of the coast to meet threatened attacks. The maintenance of this neck is also important as a protection for the navigation in the Shrewsbury River. From time to time funds have been provided for the purpose of repairing the worst breaks in the sea wall and re- storing the fill and communication. These funds were provided as follows: Act of June 6, 1902, for " Sea wall, Sandy Hook, N. J."------------ 13, 509. 86 From appropriation for improving Shrewsbury River, N. J_ ... 8, 000. 00 Sundry civil act, Mar. 3, 1915, "Protecting Sandy Hook, N. J., 1916 " - --------- --- --------- 24, 632.67 General deficiency act, Sept. 8, 1916--------------------------60, 000. 00 Contingent expenses, seacoast fortifications-------------------- 60, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 166, 142. 53 The sum of $60,000 from the appropriation for contingent ex- penses, seacoast fortifications, was assigned to repair very consider- able damages which were caused by severe easterly storms in the spring of 1918. These most urgent repairs have been completed and both the railroad and roadway are now passable. The fortification act of March 3, 1919, provided $544,000 for the construction of a riprap sea wall in extension of that already pro- vided. It is proposed to enter into contract for the construction of a heavy riprap sea wall to prevent, so far as may be possible, the further washing away Qf this connecting strip of land. At the end of the fiscal year plans for this work had been completed and the work was about to be advertised. Sea walls, defenses of Galveston, Tex.-The defensive works at Galveston are unavoidably in most exposed positions, aid the level of the lands surrounding the batteries was greatly lowered by the storm of September 8, 1900. The Galveston defenses were rebuilt and repaired under an appropriation of $992,000 contained in the fortification act approved March 1, 1901. With the funds so pro- vided, and in accordance with the plans before Congress when that appropriation was made, each individual battery was made secure against any similar storms likely to occur. For building a sea wall and filling up the reservation at Fort Crockett to a height above storm tides the sums of $591,046.25 and $158,953,75, respectively, were appropriated in the sundry civil acts of April 28, 1904, and June 30, 1906, aggregating $750.000. For a sea wall and fill at Fort Travis the sum of $440,000 was pro- vided in the fortification appropriation act approved March 3, 1909. This work has been completed, leaving a balance of $65,000, which by the fortification act of June 6, 1912, was made available for other purposes. The cyclone of August, 1915, seriously damaged the fortifications of the defenses of Galveston, flooding the batteries, removing the riprap protection from the sea walls at Forts Travis and Crockett, 76 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. oARMY, 1919. and washing away much of the fill at Fort Crockett, For the repair and protection of the defenses of Galveston the sum of $303,500 was appropriated in the fortification appropriation act of July 6, 1916. Work is now in progress. For the completion of this work an esti- mate of $10,000 is submitted for 1921. Sea-wall protection is also required for Fort San Jacinto. With funds appropriated in the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, work is in progress in connection with the extension of the existing Galveston City sea wall to a point at the southerly boundary of the Fort San Jacinto reservation, the conditions of the act requir- ihg the donation of certain land to the United States and the quieting of all claims to' the Fort San Jacinto reservation having now been complied with. After examination of the project by the board of review it was de- cided that the Fort San Jacinto reservation is not of sufficient value to warrant the expenditure of the large sum that would be required to completely protect the reservation by the construction of a sea wall around it, but that the protection should be limited to the preser- vation of the most important structures on the reservation. The ad- visabiliy of providing further protection for the defensive works at Fort San Jacinto is being studied by a board of officers. /ubmarine mines.-The act of June 6, 1902, assigned to the Artil- lery the purchase of torpedo material proper, leaving to the Engineeir Department the construction of casemates, storehouses, loading rooms, and other structures required for the torpedo defenses. Appropriations for work under the Engineer Department, begin- ning with the act of June 6, 1902, have been as follows: Act of- Act of- June 6, 1902--------- $33, 000 July 6, 1916- .. $200, 000 Mar. 3, 1903---------- 50, 000 Feb. 14, 1917--------- 150, 000 Apr. 21, 1904---------- 87,000 June 15, 1917---------- 500, 000 Mar. 3, 1905------ 400, 000 July 8, 1918 )0,000 2------ June 25, 1906--------- 175, 000 Mar. 2, 1907---------- 175,000 2, 386, 000 May 27, 1908--------- 175,000 Mar. 3, 1919, covered into Mar. 3, 1909 ---- 100, 000 Treasury-- ----- 400,000 Mar. 4, 1911------- - 50, 000 Mar. 3, 1915 .--------- 31,000 Total------------- 1,986,000 Work under these appropriations is now in progress. An estimate of $860,000 is submitted for 1921. Land defense.-The defense of the seacoast from land attack has been given considerable study. The seacoast defenses, more properly called harbor defenses, have the limited but highly important function of preventing successful attack by naval vessels. When naval warfare was limited to sailing ships, there was little danger of landings in force at any point of the coast except at good harbors. Under present conditions landings can be made on open beaches and consequently adequate defense must be provided for meeting such operations. Projects for this work include extensive systems of field intrench-. ments. It has not been expected that work of this character would be undertaken until war is imminent, but at such time the work must be carried out in a minimum of time. Schedules of material, tools, labor, and transportation have been prepared, including lists of such tools and materials as are generally available locally. Considerable quantities of supplies are required for these particular works, and a FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 77 reserve must be available for the prompt protection of outlying de- fenses which are particularly exposed. The urgent deficiency act of June 15, 1917, provided $2,000,000 for the procurement of necessary materials and tools. The market conditions were such, due largely to the demand from over seas, that none of these supplies were procured. Forty thousand dollars was expended in connection with the purchase of protective fencing for important and remote parts of the defenses and $1,960,000 was withdrawn from the appropriation by the act of July 8, 1918. The funds which were made available for the purchase of this fencing were insufficient to provide for its erection. The fortification act of March 3, 1919, provided $60,000 for this purpose and work is now in progress. For the completion of this work an estimate of $20,000 is submitted for 1921. Roads, trails, etc.-Forty thousand dollars was appropriated by the act of February 14, 1917, for the construction of roads, trails, water and sewer systems at Fort Rosecrans, Calif. The work has been com- pleted. Contingent expenses-Seacoast fortiflcations.-This appropriation is assigned to various bureaus for work upon the recommendation of the Chief of Coast Artillery Corps. Such progress has been made upon work assigned to the Engineer Department as the funds avail, able and other conditions have permitted. The principal items of work completed or practically completed by the Engineer Depart- ment under. this appropriation during the fiscal year have been as follows: Repairs to riprap sea wall at Sandy Hook. Completion of barracks at Fort Sumter. Completion of installation of four antiaircraft guns, Canal Zone. Dredging in vicinity of mine wharf, Fort Armstrong, Oahu. Electrical installations at 3-4.7-inch emplacements at San Juan, P. R. Building emergency fire-control stations, Manila, P. I. Construction of apis at Fort Story for test of railway mounts. Funds which had been assigned for the construction of a wharf at Outer Brewster Island, Boston Harbor, Mass., were not used as the cost appeared to be prohibitive. The question of a different site for the searchlights which were to have been installed on Outer Brewster Island will be given consideration. An appropriation of $100,000 for allotment by the Chief of En- gineers is submitted for 1921. By the fortification act of March 3, 1919, appropriations for fortifications were placed on a fiscal-year basis. Funds now in the hands of the Chief of Engineers will not be available for obligation after June 30, 1920. Work in connection with the construction of seacoast defenses is carried on by force account. and money can not be obligated for the payment of labor. The annual estimates are prepared in September, and it is impracticable at that time to estimate with accuracy the probable percentage of completion which the work may reach by June 30 of the year following. In order to prevent losses which would be occasioned through leaving any work in an incomplete state, it is essential that some appropriation be made available to supply deficiencies which may occur after the lapse of funds on June 30. The following money statements show the condition on June 30, 1918, of all general appropriations under which operations were in progress in the United States at the close of the fiscal year: 1$ REPORT ' O Io 9QV f4 INER, I, $. ARMY, 1919. 957# AND ALOR4pI AT 'ApE . For battery eonstruction: July 1, 1918, balance upalotted ..... . .. $2, 759, 482.21 June 30, 1919, appropriated 4uring fiscal year---------- 380, 000.00 3,139,482.21 June 80, 1919, turned into the Treaury during fiscal year. 2,000,000.00 1, 139, 482.21 June 30, 1919, net allotments during fiscal year----- .....- 709,283.46 July 1, 1919, balance unallotted------------------------ -430, 198.75 July 1, 1919, amount pledged._--_ - Modernizing older emplacements: July 1, 1918, balance unallotted .--------------------- 27,881.72 June 30, 1910, appropriated during fiscal year ... 250.00 8-------------37, 65,131. 72 June 30, 1919, net allotments during fiscal year---------- 58, 471.65 July 1, 1919, blance unallotted-------------------------- 6, 660.07 1947 1, 191*9, 4ipouet pledged----------------- YIRE CONTRO, AT FQrTI~CATONS. July j, 1918, baince e n.llottd---- --.-.----------..... .. (1, 410, 56 June 39, 1918, net assignments to the Chief of Engiueexs dur- ing the fiscal year .... ..-------------------------------------- 11,000.00 672, 415. 56 June 30, 1919, net allotments during the fiscal year- ---- 282, 313. 74 July 1, 1919, balance unallotted ....-- 390, 101. 82 July 1, 1919, amount pledged -...-. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AT SACOAST FORTFICAJI1T . July 1, 1918, balance unallotted -------------------------- ... 718,504. 86 June 80, 1919, revocation during the fiscal year of allotments nage prior to July 1, 1918.-------. 402. 99 4------------------ 45, , 188,907.85 June 30, 1910, transferred during the fiscal year to the appro- priation for "Electrical and Sound Ranging Equipment, etc.".__ 1, 183, 907. 85 SEARCHLIGHTS FOR HARI)QR,pFENSES. July 1, 1918, balance Unallotted-,--..-. 1--------- 1, 857. 60 June 30, 1919, revocation, during the year, of allotments made prior to July 1, 1918 ----------------------------------- 156,962.73 308, 820. 33 June 30, 1919, transferred during the fiscal year to the appropra- _ tin for "Electrical and Sound Ranging Equipment, etc.' -., 0. 33 SEARCHLIGHTS FOR DEFENSIVE PURPOSES. July 1, 1918, balance unallotte d ..... ------------------ 2, 744, 767. 54 June 30, 1919, revocation, during the fiscal year, of allotments made prior to July 1, 1918 ----------------------------- 1959, , 646.28 4, 704, 413. 82 June 30, 1919, transferred during the eiscal year to the appro- tion for "Electrical and Sound Ranging Equipment," etc . 4, 704, 413. 82 FOBTIFICATI02TS IN'THE UTIT Z STATES. '79 ELECTRICAL AND BOUND BANGING EQUIPMNT, ET. June 30, 1919, transferred during the fiscal year from the appro- prations for- "Electrical installations at seacoast fortifications" _--$1, 183, 907.85 * Searchlights for harbor defenses "--- ----. 308, 820. 33 Searchlights for defense purposes " ------- 4, 704, 413. 82 6, 197, 142. 00 June 30, 1919, turned in to Treasury during fiscal year----------1,250, 000. 00 4,947,142. 00 Juua 3 1919, not allotments during fiscal year- ----------- 3,127, 576.25 July 1, 1919; balance unallotted---------------------------1, 819, 565.75 July 1, 1919, amount pledged SITES FOR FORTIFICATIONS AND SEACOAST DEFENSES. July 1, 1918, balance unallotted ---------------------------- 99,181. 44 June S 1919, tilrned in to Treasury during fiscal year---------..... 20, 540 19 78, 641. 25 June 30, 1919, net allotments during fiscal year ($7,295 allotted) -10, 494. 78 July 1, 1919, balance unallotted 3------------------------ , 130.03 " PRESERVATON AND BUPAIR OR ~OR ICAONI. July 1, 1918, balance unallotted__-- --------- 39,136. 19 June 30, 1919, appropriated during fiscal year-- ------ 250,000.00 289, 13& 19 June 30, 1919, net allotments during fiscal year------------- 274, 316. 59 July 1, 119, balance unallotted------------------------- 14, 819. 60 PLANS FOR FORTIFICATIONS. July 1, 1918, balance unallotted--- - 8--------- 3, 809. 53 June 30, 1919, appropriated during fiscal year-- ------ 25,000.00 28, 809.53 June 30, 1919, net allotments during fiscal year -12, 95&.13 July 1, 1919, balance unallotted -----------..------------------ 1~ 853. 40 SUPPLIES FOR SEACOAST DEFENSES. July 1, 1918, balance unallotted 22,761. 76 June 30, 1919, appropriated during fiscal year_- -- --- -50, 000. 00 72, 71. 76 June 30, 1919, net allotments during fiscal year-.------------ - 26,164. 86 July 1, 1919, balance unallotted ---------------------------- 46, 59 90 SEA WALLS AND EMBAN.KMENTS. July ~, 1918, balance mnalletted-------- ---------------- 19, 848. 00 June 30, 1919, net allotments during fiscal year---------- 12, 758.41 July 1, 1919, balance unallotted_ -- ------------------- 7, 089.59 125851-ENG 1919--6 80 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. CASEMATES, GALLERIES, ETC., FOR SUBMARINE MINES. July 1, 1918, balance unallotted-------------------------------- $677,669.40 June 30, 1910, turned in to Treasury during fiscal year----------.. 400, 000.00 277, 009. 40 June 30, 1919, net allotments during fiscal year---------------- 186, 919. 36 July 1, 1919, balance unallotted-----------------90, 750. 04 LAND DEFENSES IN THE UNITED STATES. July 1, 1918, balance unallotted-----------------------------1,963,963.74 June 30, 1919, appropriated during fiscal year- ------ 60, 000. 00 2, 023,963., 74 June 30, 1919, turned in to Treasury during fiscal year--------- 1, 960,000. 00 63,963. 74 June 30, 1919, net allotments during fiscal year- -------- - -5, 548.60 July 1, 1919, balance unallotted__-- ------------------------ 58, 415.14 July 1, 1919, amount pledged_ CONTINGENT EXPENSES, SEACOAST FORTIFICATIONS. July 1, 1918, balance unallotted ----------------------------- $2. 248. 52 June 30, 1919, assignments, Engineer Department --------------- 46, 610.00 June 30, 1919, revocation, during fiscal year, of allotments made prior to July 1, 1918------------------------------------71,269..97 120,128.49 June 30, 1919, allotments during fiscal year ..--------- $49, 032.08 June 30, 1919, turned in to Treasury- -_-69, 925. 30 119, 557. 38 July 1, 1919, balance unalloted......----------------- . 571.11 ESTIMATES OF APPROPRIATIONS REQUIRED FOR 1921 FOR FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. Gun, and mortar batteries: Battery construction__ Modernizing- -------------------------------------- $157, 510. 00 Preservation and repair of fortifications-- -------- 400, 000.00 Plans for fortifications---------- ------------ 25,000. 00 Supplies for seacoast defenses--- 000. 00 -75, T--------- Sea walls and embankments ------------------------------- 170, 800.00 Casemates, galleries, etc., for submarine mines .. Electric and sound ranging equipment, etc.................. Contingent expenses, seacoast fortifications-- ------ 1, 000, 000. 00 FORTIFICATIONS IN INSULAR POSSESSIONS. Batteries.-With appropriations aggregating $10,325,200 (includ ing $250,000 assigned to the Chief of Ordnance), batteries have been constructed at Manila and Subic Bays, P. I., at the island of Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands, and at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The battery construction projected for the Philippine Islands is nearing completion. Emplacements for several long-range guns are yet to be constructed at Hawaii. Projected work at Guantanamo 3ay has been completed. Appropriations for battery construction have been made as fol- lows: FORTIFICATIONS IN INSULAR POSSESSIONS. 81 Generally Hawaiian Philippine Act of- applicable. Islands. Islands. Apr. 21, 1904..................................................... $700,000 .......... Mar. 3, 1905.......................................... 700,000.......... ....... June 25, 1906.......................................... $260,000 M ar. 2, 1907........................................................ .......... 200,000 $500.000 May 27, 1908....................................................... ............ 400,000 951,000 Mar. 3, 190... ................................... ... .. . .. 337, 200 ......... 1 1,000,000 June 23, 1910... . ...................................... 800,000 M ar. 4 1911.. . ....................................................... 150, 000 1,169,000 June 6, 1912.......................................... ..........170,000 800,000 Feb. 13, 1913........................................................ ......... 70,000 700,000 June 27, 1914......................................... 300,000 Feb. 14 1917....................................................... ... . : Mar. 28,1918......................................... ......................... ... 75,000 July 8,1918........................................................ 00 320,000 Total........................................................ 1,400,000o000 1...........400, 2,3070, 2,307, 200 6,618,000 1-Including $250,000, the expenditure of which was assigned to the Chief of Ordnance. An estimate of $50,000 is submitted for the Hawaiian Islands and $67,000 for completing construction, Philippine Islands. Electrical installation.- Work under appropriations heretofore made for this purpose is practically completed. Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act of- Hawaiian Philippine Islands. Islands. May 27, 1908....................................................... $20,000 $115,000 Mar. 3,1909 .................................................................... 14,469 88,823 June 23, 1910............................................................................... 45,000 Mar. 4, 1911.......................................................................171,962 Feb. 13, 1913........................................................34,469 .......... Mar. 3,1919............... ..... ......................................... 20,000 ........... Total....................... ........................................ 88,938 420,785 An estimate of $4;000 is submitted under this head for work in the Philippine Islands. Searchlights.-Installationof searchlights is well along, and high intensity mtechanisms have been placed in the older searchlights. Additional lights are required and some of the smaller and older models will require to be replaced. Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act of- Generally Hawaiian Philippine applicable. Islands. Islands. Mar. 2, 1907......... ..................................... $30,000................ May 27, 1908.... ................................................... $47,500 $180,000 Mar. 3, 1909......................................................... 65,000 ... June 23,11910................... ................................... ... .. 139,000 Mar. 4,1911................ ........................................... 40,100 ....- Feb. 13, 1913............................................................. 10,800 20,600 July 8, 1918............ ................................................ 20,000 ............ Mar. 3,1919.....................................................................33,000 30, 000 184,400 372, 600 An estimate of $50,000 is submitted for the Hawaiian Islands and $2,000 for the Philippine Islands. 82 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AMIv£Y, 1919. Procurement of sites.-Appropriations for this purpose have been made as follows* Act of- Hawaiian Philippine Ato-Islands. Ilas. A.1r. 21, 1904........ ........................................................ $200 150;000 . . 27; 1908 ................................................................... June2 5, 190&................................................................... May Mar..3,,1909................................................................................ .............. $5, 000 12 000 Total........................................................ 35, 00 17;,000 Sites are still to be acquired for two batteries of long-range guns at Hawaii. An estimate of $250,000 is submitted. Preservationand repairof fortifications.-The completion of bat- tery construction makes larger maintenance appropriations neces- sary. Aside from the actual cost of upkeep of the increased num- ber of defensive elements, this appropriation must now bear a much larger proportion of the overhead expense of maintaining the dis- trict office. Climatic conditions in the Hawaiian and Philippine Islands accelerate deterioration, and it may be expected that the de- mands for maintenance funds will increase greatly. Until recently appropriations for preservation and and repair of mine-defense structures were made under a separate head from those for other fortifications, but the two classes of work are now combined in a single appropriation for each locality. Appropriations heretofore made for this work are as follows: Fawailan Islands. Philippine Islands. Act of-- M e- Mine-Otherfor- Other for- Total. dfneotl defMine- Other for- def se tifications. Total. st tis.iatons. otal. structures. structures. June 2 1910 ............. ....................................... $1,000 $7,000 $8,000 Mar. 4, 1911. ... .......... ... ...... .. 1,000 7,000 8, 000 June 6, 1912.................. ............ $500 $500 500 8,000 8,500 is, 13, 1913.. ... .............. $500 500 1, 000 750 8,000 8,750 June.27, 1914................. 2,000 1,0" 3,000 1,000 -.. ,000 1......... Max..3, 1915.................. 1,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 3,000 4,000 July ,1916.................. .. . .'.... .5,000 -.. . ............. ..... 10 000 Feb. 14, 1917................ ........................ 7,500 ..... .............. July 8, 1918.................. ............ ...................... .20,000 Mar. 3, 1919.................. .......... ............ 12,500........................ 35,000 - Total ............................... ............ 40,000 ........................ 18,250 For this work in the Hawaiian Islands an estimate of $15,000 is submitted, and for the Philippine Islands, $85,800. Land defenses.-The construction of works of defense against landing parties has been in progress. Considerable work of this character remains to be done. Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act of- Hawaiian Philippine Act of-- Islands. Islands. Mar. 4, 1911...................... ........ ........................ ......... $180,000 June 27, 1914................4........ .....-. . ............ $4 6.... ......... Mar. 3, 1915........... ........... ............................ . 5IS, July 6, 1916.... ....... ............................................. 169000 70, 000 Total......... .............................................. 776,000 350,000 FORTIFICATIONS IN INSULAR POSSESSIONS. 83 An estimate of $407,000 is submitted for the continuation of 'work in the Philippine Islands. Reserve equipment.-The maintenance of a considerable supply of spare parts, etc., for the equipment installed in defensive works is essential where the forifi& tions are so remote from the base of supply. ts during fScal year.-At the beginning of the fiscal year work under the existing contract for dredging the 30-foot channel to Providence had practically ceased for the reason that the larger plant which had been intended for use under the contract had been commandeered for war work of greater urgency, upon the com- pletion of which the matter of the readjustment of contract prices as provided in section 8 of the river and harbor act of July 18, 1918, was taken up, and at the close of the fiscal year was still unsettled, and the work as yet has not been resumed. A small amount of work (284 cubic yards) was done under the contract in August, 1918, by a dredge of inferior capacity in an attempt to facilitate the landing of coal for munition manufacture. Later, in December, a suction dredge was put on the same work under an agreement for work by the hour, and the obstructing material was removed during that month. The expenditures were $28,284.55, for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 70 per cent completed. There is an approach channel 600 feet in width from its southern extremity, opposite the North Point on Popasquash Neck to Fields Point, a distance of about 9 miles, which has been dredged to 30 feet depth at mean low water, the limiting lines of the 30-foot deep channel in the upper part being the same as those of the 25-foot deep channel previously dredged between Gaspee Point and Fields Point. Above Fields Point the entire harbor up to Fox Point has been dredged to a depth of 25 feet and about 32 per cent of this area has been deepened to 30 feet. That portion of the harbor formerly occupied by the Green Jacket Shoal and not in- cluded under the existinag project has a depth of from 21 to 26 feet of water. The total ecpenditure under the existing project was $795,742.47 for new irork and $49,463.50 for maintenance, a total of $845,205.97. 186 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided that: "No part of this amount ($459,000, estimated cost of the work then provided for) shall be expended until satisfactory assurances that the city of Providence or other local agency will expend on the improvement of the harbor front in accordance with said document [H. Doc. No. 606, 61st Cong., 2d sess.], above re- ferred to, a sum equal to the amount herein appropriated and au- thorized." The proper assurances were promptly given, and ap- proved by the Secretary of War September 6, 1910. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, provided as follows: That no work in the harbor proper north of Fields Point shall be done until the Secretary of War is satisfied that the State and city have completed their proposed expenditures in the combined Providence and Pawtucket Harbors up to at least $2,000,000 for public terminals or other permanent public harbor improvements. This was modified by the river and harbor act of Meath 4, 1915 (Rivers and Harbors Committee Doc. No. 9, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), by the addition of the words- or shall have given to the Secretary of War assurance satisfactory to him that the expenditure of the $2,000 000 aforesaid will be completed ithin a time satisfactory to him and not later than three years from the p sage of this amendment. This assurance was given the Secretary of War and was approved by him June 11, 1915. The entire amount was expended by the State of Rhode Island and city of Providence prior to March 4, 1918. Terminal facilities.-These cbnsist of piers and wharves with a total docking space of 29,250 feet,- of which 4,800 feet is publicly owned, about 3,150 feet is open for general public use upon pay- ment of wharfage, and 21,300 feet is privately owned and used. All of these wharves and piers are or can easily be connected with rail- road lines which are in operation on all sides of the harbor. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities, see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The deepening of the harbor has modi- fied to a considerable extent the character of the vessels using it. Large steam colliers are replacing some of the coal barges formerly bringing coal from southern ports, where the trip involved a con- siderable ocean voyage; four large oil-producing companies have provided themselves with terminal facilities and have taken advan- tage of the favorable situation of Providence for southern traffic by making it a distributing center for southeastern New England, bringing their products from the Gulf of Mexico and other points in tank steamers and barges drawing from 21 to 26 feet of water. Additional land adjacent to the new channel about 11 miles south of Kettle Point is now in course of development as one of the most extensive oil-distributing and manufacturing plants on the North Atlantic coast. An extensive development of industrial plants, chiefly for war work, was made at and near Fields Point. Proposed operations.-It is proposed. to apply the available bal- ance or as much thereof as may be necessary to completing the 30- foot depth by dredging in that portion of the harbor extending along the western harbor line for a width of about 400 feet as far RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEWPORT, R. I., DISTRICT. 187 north as the State Pier, and the completion of the 30-foot depth on the east side of the harbor as far north as the wharf of the Gulf Refining Co., the work to be done as soon as the contemplated adjustment, of contract prices is accomplished. No estimate for additional funds is submitted, as those available are believed to be sufficient to complete the work proposed, but not the project. Owing to the unsatisfactory conditions surrounding dredging operations as to labor and material, it is believed that the available funds are all that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of the project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.--The commerce consists chiefly of coal, oil, lumber, cotton, shellfish, and general merchandise, all of which uses the improved portions of the river and harbor. About 67 per cent of the total freight tonnage of the harbor was coal carried in steam colliers having a loaded draft of from 23 to 27 feet and in towed barges with a draft of from 8 to 29 feet, about 16 per cent of which exceeded 18 feet draft. The carriage of oil, an item of growing importance in the commerce of the port, is carried in tank steamers with a draft of from 21 to 26 feet. Lumber is brought in schooners with a draft up to 25 feet. Cotton and general merchandise are chiefly carried on regular lines of transportation with a draft of from 12 to 25 feet. Of the total commerce of the port, it is esti- mated that about 57 per cent, representing 33 per cent of the value, was carried in vessels of from 19 to 29 feet draft. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.................. 4,104,409 $254, 014,508.43 1917...... ........ 3,406,224 $375,063,228.31 1915......... ........ 3,739,546 290,654, 307.50 1918.................. 3,540,981 333,359,802.92 1916 ................. 4, 222,391 415,964,807.47 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,747.98: New work --------------------------------------- $3; 218, 472. 82 Maintenance ---- ------------------------------------ 108,002.46 Net total expended ------------------------------- 3, 326, 475. 28 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- -- 3, 593, 869.31 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $266,192.06 $335,031.11 $61,237.06 $29,012.98 $28,284.55 Expended for maintenance 1................................49, 463. 50 .... 1 Totalexpended ................... 266,192.06 335,031.11 110,700.56 29,012.98 28,284.55 Appropriated or allotted. .... ..... 327800.00 .... ....... ..................... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 188 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-- ------------ $295, 678.58 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work 28,284. 55 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--- ------------- 267, 394.03 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-- ----- $7, 848.05 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 241, 716.89 249, 564. 94 July 1, 1919, balance available--- ----------- 17, 829. 09 8. PAWTUCKET (SEEKONK) RIVER, R. I. (B3). Location and description.-This river rises in the vicinity of Worcester, Mass., and flows in a general southeasterly direction for about 50 miles, emptying into Providence Harbor at Providence. Its upper portion as far south as Pawtucket is known as the Blackstone River, and that between Pawtucket and Providence, a distance of 5.2 miles, as the Pawtucket or Seekonk River, within which lies the improved portion of the river. This portion is tidal. The total drainage area is about 547 square miles and the mean fresh-water discharge is about 885 second-feet. The width between the shores varies from about 100 feet, between the wharves at Pawtucket, to about 2,700 feet in the widest portions. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 353. Original condition.-That part of the river between Providence and Pawtucket was a shoal tidal basin, with a ruling depth of water in the channel of about 5 feet at mean low tide. The basin was wide, and the channel narrow and obstructed by two bridges with badly arranged draws. Navigation was difficult even for small vessels. The head of navigation was at Pawtucket Falls, about 5.2 niiles above the mouth of the river. Previoi projects.-The previous project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1867, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, and March 3, 1899. The total amount expended under this project was $334,444.91 for new work. For further de- tails of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1749. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from Red Bridge, Providence, to Division Street Bridge, Pawtucket, 3.4 miles, 16 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from Red Bridge up to the ledge rock between the wharves at Pawtucket, where the width is reduced to 50 feet, with the provision for the expenditure of any balance remaining after the. completion of the project for 100 feet width in deepening the channed to 18 feet at mean low water and in- creasing the width at such places as would best serve the interests of commerce. The mean tidal range at the mouth of the river is about 4.7 feet, increased to 5.7 feet at times of spring tides; the tidal planes are subject to irregular fluctuations due to storms amounting to 2 feet at times. At the Division Street Bridge in Pawtucket the mean tidal range is about 5 feet, with an extreme range of 7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $329,035, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, which was reduced by the requirement that the State of Rhode Island or other agency should contribute $67,792 of the amount. The latest (1918) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The ex- RIVERS AND HARBORS- NEWPORT, R. I., DISTRICT. 189 isting project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the 16-foot channel from Red Bridge in Providence to Division Street Bridge in Pawtucket (H. Doc. No. 113, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, re- quired that the State of Rhode Island or other agency should con- tribute $67,792 toward the completion of the project; the act of March 3, 1909, authorized the expenditure of any balance remaining after the completion of the 16-foot channel in deepening it to 18 feet at mean low water, and increasing the width at such places as would best serve the interests of navigation; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for widening the channel to 150 feet (H. Doc. No. 1283, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-named document. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No works of im- provement or maintenance were in progress during the fiscal year. The expenditures were $567.85 for contingencies and are charged to maintenance. Proposals for dredging were received and opened June 27, 1919. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The channel between Providence and Phillipsdale had a usable depth of 16 feet, between Phillipsdale and Pawtucket 15 feet, and between the wharves at Pawtucket from 15 to 18 feet at mean low tide. The head of navigation is at Paw- tucket Falls, about 5.2 miles above the mouth of the river. That portion of the project providing for a channel 100 feet wide and 16 feet deep had been completed and a reach about 1,600 feet long at the bend at Phillipsdale had been widened to 230 feet. There re- mains to be done the widening of the channel to 150 feet. The proj- ect is about. 71 per cent completed. The expenditure under the existing project has been $164,573.40 for new work and $8,133.54 for maintenance, a total of $172,706.94. In addition there was ex- pended $67,792 for new work from contributed funds, a grand total of both United States and contributed funds of $240,498.94. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, required that the State of Rhode Island or other agency should con- tribute $67,792, which was complied with. Terminal facilities.-Including the wharves at Phillipsdale, two in number, these cover about 4,540 feet of docking space, of which 700 feet is owned by the State of Rhode Island and 3,840 feet owned and used by private owners: Of the latter some portions are at times used by the public upon payment of wharfage. The two wharves at Phillipsdale have near-by rail connections in the yards of the owners. The other wharves are not conveniently located for rail connection. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-So far as known the improvement has had no effect on freight rates, but the increased width and depth in the channel enables vessels of larger size to reach Pawtucket, and has enabled one of the large manufacturing plants at Phillipsdale to bring its coal and raw material from New York points in its own vessels to Phillipsdale. Proposed operations.-With the funds available it is proposed to carry out the maintenance dredging in connection with the work of enlarging the channel as provided in the existing project. 190 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. No estimate is submitted for additional funds, as those available are believed to be sufficient. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The conimerce of the river consists of coal, lumber and other building material, oil, shellfish, and iron, steel. and copper products. About 86 per cent of the total freight tonnage was carried chiefly in barges with a draft of 7 to 16 feet. Of the total tonnage, 74 per cent is carried over the improved portion of Pawtucket River. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ................. 1915.................. 47 ,413 $6,568,853.56 1917.. ............. 490, 594 $12,548,054.02 458,362 5,677,875.99 1918...... ........... 465,370 7,924,428.60 1916 ................. 510,614 10,856,718.16 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $51.47: New work ---------------------------------------- $499, 018. 31 Maintenance----------------------------------------------- 8,133. 54 Net-total expended------------------------------------- 1507, 151. 85 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 607, 744. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work...... ...................... Expended for maintenance' .............. $5,424.01 $16.67 .$340. 51 $30.33 $567.85 Appropriated or allotted.......................... .............. .......... 10,000.00 91,160.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918. $10, 000.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919 ------------------------------------------------- 91,160.00 101, 160. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance. 567. 85 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------------------ 100, 592.15 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 92. 45 July 1, 1919, balance available----------- ---------------------- 100, 499. 70 9. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT POINT JUDITH, R. I. (B4). Location and description.-PointJudith is the southern extremity of the township of Narragansett, R. I., and marks the southwestern entrance to Narragansett Bay. It is about 50 miles westerly from the harbor of Vineyard Haven on the island of Marthas Vineyard, and about 23 miles easterly from Stonington Harbor; Conn. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Suirvey charts Nos. 1107 and 1108. The harbor is formed by a main detached breakwater in front of a 'In addition, $67,792 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEWPORT, R. I., DISTRICT. 191 curve in the shore line to the westward of Point Judith, and two shore-arm breakwaters, one to the east and the other to the west of the main breakwater. It is roughly triangular in shape and ex- tends at its farthermost southerly point about 6,600 feet from the shore. Original condition.-The only protection to the site of the harbor was the mainland to the north. A long ledge, known as Squid Ledge, projects over a mile from shore in a direction south by east about 1.5 miles west of the point. This locality was dangerous for vessels to pass during a storm, especially for the light-built barges transporting coal from New York Bay points to Narragansett Bay. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a main breakwater to be built in part on Squid Ledge approximately in the form of the letter V, with its apex facing outward in about a south by west direction and lying from one-half to 1 miles from shore; for an easterly shore- arm breakwater to be built to the eastward of the main breakwater, leaving an entrance to the harbor 1,200 feet in width; for a westerly shore-arm breakwater extending out from shore toward the west arm of the main breakwater, leaving an entrance to the harbor 1,500 feet in width; and for the removal of two shoals in the anchorage area, one in the anchorage area and the other near the easterly en- trance, to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water. All breakwaters are of the rubble mound type, 'with the crest 10 feet above mean low water. The mean range of the tide is about 4 feet, increased to 4.7 feet at times of spring tides; the tidal planes are subject to irregular fluctuations, due to storms, amounting at times to 2 or 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $2,537,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the main breakwater (H. Doc. No. 66, 51st Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for extending the eastern breakwater to the shore (H. Doc. No. 53, 55th Cong., 1st sess.); the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, provided for the extension of the east breakwater both shoreward and seaward (HI. Doc. No. 60, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) the act of June 25, 1910, provided for a western shore arm (H. Doc. No. 911, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for removing the two shoals from the anchorage area (H. Doc. No. 2001, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last- named document. Operations and results during fiscal year. No work has been in progress during the fiscal year. Preparations are in progress looking to the removal of the obstructing shoals by contract. The total expenditures for the year were $1,456.66, all of which was for con- tingencies and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed during the fiscal year 1915, excepting the extension provided for by the rive.y and harbor act of March 2, 1919. There had been created a harbor which is fairly suitable for vessels, but has poor holding ground. A reef near the central part, over which there is a minimum depth of 13 feet, limits the area available for deeper draft vessels. The limited usable area of the harbor because of shoals and the exposure 125851-ENG 1919---13 192 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. of the eastern entrance to the east and south storms of Block Island Sound lessen the advantages of the harbor to commerce. The ex- penditure was $2,335,281.12 for new work and $234,427.85 for main- tenance, a total of $2,569,708.97. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-So far as known, the improvement has had no effect on freight rates, but the harbor forms a fairly good refuge for vessels during fogs and storms. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to use the available balance for maintenance in repairs to the breakwater as may be required. The rate at which funds will be used is dependent upon the amount of damage that may occur. The funds appropriated by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, will be used for the removal of two shoals obstructing the anchorage area and the easterly entrance, the work to be done by contract, at an estimated rate of about $10,000 per month.. No estimate for additional funds is submitted, as those on hand are believed to be sufficient to complete the new work author- ized and such further repairs as may be required by another winter's storms. Recommended modifications of the project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1918 the number of vessels using the harbor was 424, besides a large number of small power boats used in trap fishing. No means are available for ascer- taining the cargoes of these vessels, but their general character was that of small freight schooners, fishermen, and barges. Estimate of number of vessels using Point Judith Harbor. Sloops, Govern- Year. Schooners. Tugs. Steamers. Barges. yawas, boats. Total. etc. 1914............. 374 16 19 37 213 18 677 1915. .............. 4905 11 18 24 274 24 756 1916.............. . 293 46 21 184 4i7 16 977 1917.............. 41714 19 17 49 15 531 1918.............. 283 .......... 32 32 8 63 424 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $521.84: New work --------------------------------------- $2,335,281. 12 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 234, 427. 85 Net total expended ------------------------------- 2, 569, 708. 97 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 2, 640, 943. 35 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 E penle I for new work .................. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . $90,411. 15 . E pen lel for maintenance 69, 8098.00 $7, 78. 74 $69; ,378.97 $1, 92. 28 $1, 456.66 'rotalaxpen ds .................... 169,219.15 7,780.74 69,378.97 . , 2.28 1,486.66 Appropriatei or allotted................. 75,000.00 ............ ................... 52,500.00 1 Not dezlucting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEWPORT, R. I., DISTRICT. 193 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended --------------------------- $20, 191.04 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 ----------------------------------------------- 52,500.00 72,091. 04 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 1, 456. 66 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--- ---------- 71, 234. 38 10. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. (B5.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the east side of Block Island, near the south end of the inner curve of the shore line, and varies in width from about 1,200 to 200 feet in an easterly and westerly direction in a length of about 1,800 feet north and south, and is protected from the southeast to north by breakwaters. It is 13 miles south by west from Point Judith Harbor and about 25 miles southeasterly from Stonington Harbor, Conn. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1108. Original condition.-The site of the harbor was on the ocean shore, unprotected except by the shore line of the island, which formed a partial shelter from southerly and westerly storms. There was no natural harbor on the island, and the small boats used by the fisher- men were hauled up on the beach by oxen for safety during storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a harbor of refuge on the easterly side of Block Island, protected on the east by a rubble mound stone breakwater extending out about 1,950 feet from shore, and on the west by a similar breakwater inclosing an area about 800 feet square designated as the inner harbor. The portion of the protected area outside of the western breakwater is designated as the outer harbor. A small area nearly 300 feet square in the southeastern cor- ner of the harbor is designated as the basin. The outer harbor and about 67 per cent of the inner harbor and of the basin are to be dredged to a depth of 15 feet at mean low water. The mean range of the tide is about 3 feet, increased to 3.6 feet at spring tides; the tidal planes are subject to irregular fluctuations, due to storms, amounting to 2 or 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, re- vised in 1912, is $596,174. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the construction of a breakwater (Annual Report for 1868, p. 785, and S. Misc. Doc. No. 81, 40th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 14, 1880, provided for dredging in the basin; and the act of August 2, 1882, provided for a jetty to the eastward of the main breakwater and a masonry wall to replace the original eastern crib (S. Doc. No. 26, 47th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 5, 1884, provided for filling a gap in the main breakwater; the act of August 5, 1886, provided for an enlarged in- ner harbor (S. Doc. No. 27, 48th Cong., 2d sess.) and (Annual Re- port for 1885, p. 610); the act of June 3, 1896. provided for raising the crest of the main breakwater and making it sand-tight (H. Doc. No. 3, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for rebuilding the old walls of the basin and dredging the anchorage area (H. Doc. 828, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. 194 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress during the fiscal year. The total expenditures during the year were $553.34 for maintenance and contingencies. Condition at end offiscal year.-About 92 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The breakwaters and harbor walls have all been built; there has been dredged a channel from the ocean to the wharf owned by the town 1,400 feet in length, 15 feet deep at mean low water, and from 60 to 130 feet in width, and the portions of the inner harbor and basin included within the project have been dredged to the same depth. The controlling depth is about 14 feet at mean low water. The expenditures are $574,400.36 for new work and $54,460.52 for maintenance, a total of $628,860.88. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one wharf publicly owned with about 500 feet of docking space and one privately owned and used with about 180 feet of docking space. In addition, fishermen in small boats land their fares alongside the basin walls. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-So far as known, no effect has been pro- duced on freight rates, but the building of the breakwaters has afforded an excellent shelter for the fishing boats on the east side of the island, and the deepening and widening of the channel allows vessels of greater draft and size to reach the wharves. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to retain the balance avail- able subject to any call for maintenance which is liable to occur at this harbor from severe storms. No estimate is submitted at this time for further funds, as it is believed that the work already done may fully meet the demands of commerce. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the island consists chiefly of fish, coal, oil, lumber and other building materials, and general merchandise. The total arrivals and departures of vessels of all kinds is estimated at 9,391, of which 4,161 were regular-line steam- boats, fishing vessels, freight schooners, and yachts, and 5,230 were small fishing and pleasure boats. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... 7,661 $399,667.75 1917.................... 8,282 $992,920.00 1915. ................ . 5,976 236,986.50 1918............9..... 9, 799 1,922,723.00 1916.................... 5,129 381.427.2) Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $209.96: New work --------------- $574, 400. 36 Maintenance -- _- _-54, 460. 52 Net total expended 628, 860. 88 Total appropriations to date of this report- -635, 566. 74 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEWPORT, R. I., DISTRICT. 195 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended fir new work 1.. ......... .. .. .. .. $28,450.52 .. .. .. ..... .... $37, 741.15 ............ .......... Expended for maintenance . 5, 400.55 $2.223.53 $2,990.36 $553.34 Total expended .................... 28,450.52 43,141.70 2,223.53 2,990.36 553.34 Appropriated or allotted.................. ............ ........ .... . .... ......... .... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended - -- $7, 259. 20 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 553. 34 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------------- 6, 705. 86 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities - ------------ 3. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available ---------------------------------- 6, 702.36 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------------1 . 52, 000. 00 11. GREAT SALT POND, BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. (B6). Location and description.-Great Salt Pond is located near the central part of the island of Block Island and is 12 miles southwest- erly from the harbor of refuge at Point Judith and 20 miles south- easterly from Stonington Harbor, Conn. It is a body of water ap- proximately 1.25 miles long and about 0.6 of a mile wide. Its great- est depth is about 60 feet, and it has an area of about 150 acres exceeding 18 feet in depth. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1108. Original condition.-It was a large pond with brackish water, separated from the ocean on the west side by a narrow strip of beach. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from the ocean to the pond 600 feet wide with a central depth of 25 feet for a width of 150 feet, sloping gradually up to a depth of 12 feet in a width of 504 feet and thence up to the low-water level with a bottom slope of 1 on 4. The outer entrance of the channel is to be protected on the south by a jetty extending 350 feet beyond the 18-foot contour and on the north by a jetty about 1,200 feet long. The banks through the original beach are to be protected by stone revetments and sand fences. The mean tidal variation is about 3 feet, increased to 3.6 feet during spring tides; the tidal planes are subject to irregular fluctuations due to storms amounting to 2 or 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $305,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for dredging the channel and building jetties (H. Doc. No. 57, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for an extension of the jetties and sand fences (Annual Report for 1900, p. 1276). The latest published map is in House Document No. 60, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session. SExclusive of available funds. 196 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No works of improve- ment were in progress during the fiscal year. The expenditures were $645 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 58 per cent of the general project has been completed, resulting in a channel 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep with a central depth of 25 feet over a width of 150 feet. The length of the channel from the pond to the ocean is about 3,000 feet. Some deterioration in depth and width of the channel has taken place, the minimum usable depth in the central part being about 23 feet at mean low water. The expenditure was $189,036.65 for new work and $23,113.16 for maintenance, a total of $212,149.81. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted without special con- ditions being imposed, but the State of Rhode Island and town of New Shoreham appropriated and expended $100,000 in the com- mencement of the work. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one privately owned wharf with a docking space of 575 feet for public use on payment of wharf- age and several small wharves, privately owned, arounimd the shores of the pond. For a full description of terminal facilities, see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-So far as known, no effect has been pro- duced on freight rates by the improvement. The accessibility of the pond gives to vessels a harbor of refuge with an entrance channel of good width and depth and has afforded means of reaching vessels in distress that could not have been reached from the open shore. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds to maintaining the depth in the channel forming the entrance to the pond, 350 feet wide and 18 feet deep, with a central depth of 25 feet 150 feet wide. It is estimated that the cost of the dredging will be at the rate of about $7,000 per month, which will practically exhaust the funds in about three months, or during the month of Novem- ber, 1919. No estimate is submitted for additional funds, as those available are believed to be sufficient for the work proposed. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Thecommerce of the harbor consists chiefly of fish, coal, oil, lumber and other building material, and general merchandise. During 1918 the harbor was used chiefly as a sub-base for submarine patrol boats and mine sweepers, and a large part of the commodities carried to the island were consumed in that work. The total arrivals and departures of vessels. was 7,174, of which 4,864 were Government vessels, freight, fishing vessels, and yachts, and 2,310 small power and sailing vessels used in fishing and Gov- ernment and pleasure launches. No regular lines of freight and pas- senger steamers were in operation during the year. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Shorttons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.................. 10, 160 $710,481.55 1917.................. 7736 $519,669.00 1915.................. 9,680 600,656.50 1918.................. 6,284 801,612.00 1916.................. 17,663 1,331,963.20 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEWPORT, R. I., DISTRICT. 197 FinancialSummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ----------------------------------------- $189, 036. 65 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 23, 113. 16 Net total expended -------.. --------------------------- 212, 149. 81 Total appropriations to date of this report- ----- __-----238, 033. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 : Expended fr new work.......... . . . .... .................. ..... Expended far maintenance................ ............ $430. 24 $0. 60 $669. 18 $645.00 Appropriated or allotted.............. ............... .........-..... --................ July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_- - - - - - -- $26, 530.82 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 645.00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended- -- ------- ---- 25. 885.82 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 175, 000.00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,946.10: New work-- ------------------------------------ 2 $7, 496, 234. 78 Maintenance_ ---------------------------------------- 449, 017.94 Net total expended- -- -------- - --- 2 7,945, 252. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report- - ----- -- 8,446,400. 70 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 433,123.30 ]395,612.38 Expended for new work 1 . ............... $61, 237.0 329, 012.98 $28, 284.55 Expended for 75,232.01 maintenance 1.............. 16,855.36 124,539.12 8,519.36 4,722.95 Total expended 1.................... 508, 355.31 412, 467. 74 185, 776. 18 37,532.34 33,007.50 Appropriated or allotted.................. 75,000.00 327,800.00........................2155, 160.00 1 Not deductin6 receipts from sales, etc. 2 Includes $1,500 not yet allotted, and not contained in any of the foregoing pages. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ------------------------------- $378, 995.48 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 ------------------------------------------------- 10,000.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919 ----------------------------------------------- 145, 160. 00 534, 155. 48 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work- ............ -------- $28, 284. 55 For maintenance ----------------------------- 4, 722.95 33, 007. 50 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 In addition, $67,792 was expended from contributed funds. s Includes $1,500 not yet allotted, and not contained in any of the foregoing pages. 198 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------$501,147.98 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ _----------------$8, 063.08 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts - -------------- 241, 716. 89 249, 779.97 July 1, 1919, balance available ------------------------------ 251, 368.01 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing jroject-------- --------------------------- 1127,000. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT, APPROVED AUGUST 8, 1917. Reports dated January 25, 1918, and April 4, 1918, on preliminary examination and survey of Cape Cod Canal, Mass., required by the item in the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, as given -below, were duly submitted by the Division Engineer, Northeast Division. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 1768, Sixty-fifth Congress, third session. The acquisition of this waterway by the United States is deemed advisable, provided this can be accomplished at a cost not exceeding $10,000,000; and if it is acquired it should be enlarged to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a minimum bottom width of 200 feet, at an estimated cost of $5,000,000. Waterway connecting Buzzards Bay and Cape Cod Bay, Mass.: The Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of Commerce are hereby authorized to examine and appraise the value of the works and franchises of the Cape Cod Canal, Mass., connecting Buzzards and Cape Cod Bays, with reference to the advisability of the purchase of said canal by the United States and the construction over the route of the said canal of a free waterway, with or without a guard lock, and having a depth and capacity sufficient to accomodate the navigation interests that are affected thereby. This investigation shall be conducted under the direction of the Secretary of War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers in the usual manner provided by law for making preliminary examinations and surveys except that the Secretary of War shall call upon the Secretary of the Navy and the Secretary of Commerce for such data and evidence as these Secretaries may wish to have incorporated in the report of survey, and, further, that the final report of the investigation, with its con- clusions upon probable cost and commercial advantages and military and naval uses of the said canal, shall be submitted to the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of Commerce for their action before it is trans- mitted to Congress. If the said Secretaries are all in favor of the acquisition of the said canal, the Secretary of War is hereby further authorized to enter into negotiations for its purchase, including all property, franchises, and appurtenances used or acquired for use in connection therewith or appertaining thereto; and he is further authorized, if in the judgment of the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of Commerce, that the price for such canal is reasonable and satisfactory, to make contracts for the purchase of the same, at the option of the United States, subject to future ratification and appropria- tion by the Congress; or, in the event of the inability of the Secretary of War to make a satisfactory contract for the voluntary purchase of said Cape Cod Canal and its appurtenances, he is hereby authorized and directed, through the Attorney General, to institute and carry to completion proceedings for the con- demnation of said canal and its appurtenances, the acceptance of the award in said proceedings to be subject to the future ratification and appropriation by Congress. Such condemnation proceedings shall be instituted and conducted in, and jurisdiction of said proceedings is hereby given to, the district court of the United States for the district of Massachusetts, substantially as provided in "An act to authorize condemnation of land for sites for public buildings, and 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 199 for other purposes," approved August first, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight; and the sum of $5,000 is hereby appropriated to pay the necessary cost thereof and expenses in connection therewith. The Secretary of War is further author- ized and directed to report the proceedings hereunder to Congress. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of July 27, 1916, and August 8, 1917, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Buzzards Bay, Mass., and approaches to Cape Cod Canal. 2.Providence Harbor, R. I. 3. Pawtucket River, R. I., with a view to increasing the width of channel through the ledge near Pawtucket. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. This district includes the river and harbor improvements in Con- necticut, including the Pawcatuck River, Conn. and R. I., and the Connecticut River, Conn. and Mass. District engineer: Col. S. W. Roessler, United States Army, retired. Division engineers: Brig. Gen. William T. Rossell, United States Army, retired, to November 30, 1918; thereafter Brig. Gen. Theodore A. Bingham, United States Army, retired, to June 7, 1919. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for pur- poses of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Pawcatuck River, R. I. and 11. Breakwaters at New Haven, Conn. (Al) ................ .199 Conn. (C4) ............... 226 2. Stonington Harbor, Conn. (A2). 202 12. Milford Harbor, Conn. (C5) ... 227 3. Mystic River, Conn. (A3)-..... 204 13. Housatonic River, Conn. (C6). 230 4. New London Harbor, Conn. 14. Bridgeport Harbor, Cohn. (C7). 233 (A4)..................... 206 15. Southport Harbor, Conn. (CS) . 237 5. Thames River, Conn. (A)... 208 16. Westport Harbor and Sauga- 6. Connecticut River, above tuck River, Conn. (C9) ... 239 Hartford, Conn. (B1)...... 212 17. Norwalk Harbor, Conn. (C10).. 241 7. Connecticut River, below 18. Fivemile River Harbor, Conn. Hartford, Conn. (B2)....... 214 (Cl11).................... 244 8. Duck Island Harbor, Conn. (Cl) 218 19. Stamford Harbor, Conn. (C12). 246 9. Branford Harbor, Conn. (C2).. 220 20. Greenwich Harbor,Conn.(C13) 249 10. New Haven Harbor, Conn. (C3) 222 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 2179 TO 2203. STONINGTON AND NEW LONDON HARBORS, CONN., PAWCATUCK RIVER, R. I. AND CONN., AND MYSTIC AND THAMES RIVERS, CONN. (GROUP A.) 1. PAWCATUCK RIVER, R. I. AND CONN. (Al.) Location and description.-This river is formed by the junction of the Wood and Charles Rivers in southwestern Rhode Island and flows westerly and southerly 18 miles and enters Little Narragan- sett Bay about 13 miles east of New London Harbor. Its drainage area is about 300 square miles. The discharge is not known. The lower 9 miles is the boundary between Rhode Island and Connecticut. The river is tidal to Westerly, R. I., 5 miles from the mouth. See U. S. Coast ard Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. 200 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 9. ARMY, 1919. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 44 feet through the bay; in the river the depth was 1 to 1 feet and the channel was crooked and obstructed by numerous shoals and rocks. The head of navigation was and is at Westerly, 5 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The amount expended prior to oper- ations under the existing project was $97,500.01, all applied to new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1752 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Little Narragan- sett Bay and in the river 10 feet deep and 200 feet wide from Ston- ington to Avondale, about 4 miles; 100 feet wide from Avondale to the lower wharves at Westerly, about 3 miles; and '40 feet wide be- tween the lower and upper wharves of Westerly, about one-half mile; and for the removal of obstructions at Watch Hill, at the southeast- ern part of Little Narragansett Bay. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.6 feet at the mouth of the river and 2.3 feet at the head of navigation; the maximum range due to the combined effect of wind and other causes is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $149,- 732.97, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600, to be appropriated in sums of $3,000 at intervals of five years. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 62, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the removal of obstructions at Watch Hill. The latest published map is in the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration and inspection, and amounted to $147.57, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 74 per cent completed. The channels have been dredged to project dimen- sions, except that the channel in the bay has a general width of 100 feet, the channel in the river at Pawcatuck Rocks a width of 80 feet, and there is a shoal in the vicinity of Rhodes Folly beacon due to bowlders deeply embedded in the bottom. The most ob- structive bowlders in the vicinity of Watch Hill have been removed, the work being completed in 1913. The controlling depths are about 9 feet to Westerly and 6 feet to Watch Hill. The work required to complete the project is'the widening of the channel to 200 feet to Avondale and the removal of rock at Pawcatuck Rocks and in the vicinity of Rhodes Felly beacon. The expenditure under the existing project has been $82,529.62 for new work and $17,094.43 for maintenance, a total of $99,624.05. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Obstructive bowlders have been removed from the bay at Watch Hill by the Watch Hill Improvement Association at a cost of $1,025. Terminal facilities.-There are at present in commercial use 11 bulkhead and pile wharves, located near the head of navigation at Westerly and Pawcatuck. These wharves are all privately owned, but at least two are open to public use on equal terms. There is on the river an old wharf to which the town of Westerly claims RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 201 title, but the structure is in poor condition and has not been used for many years. There are several other old and unused wharves at Westerly and along the river. The wharves in use have no direct connection with the railroad, but access may be had to all over improved highways. The facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords the town of Westerly the benefit of water transportation, which could not be carried on under modern conditions in the river in its natural state. The improvement has resulted in a reduction of the water rates on bulk commodities. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds to maintenance dredging at Westerly and to the removal of bowlders from the channel in the vicinity of Rhodes Folly, in accordance with the following estimate: Dredging 11,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents- - -------- $5, 500 Administration, inspection, and contingencies_-- -------- 375 For maintenance------ ------------------------ ----- 5, 875 Removing 110 cubic yards of bowlders, at $20 ---------------------- 2, 200 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ------------------------ 300 Total estimate ----------------------------------------- 8, 375 If favorable prices can be obtained, it is proposed to commence the work about September 1 and complete it in one month. The maintenance work referred to above will not more than com- plete the restoration of the channel at Westerly. Additional mnainite- nane dredging will be necessary in Little Narragansett Bay and in the river, for which the following estimate is submitted for work duing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: Dredging in Little Narragansett Bay and in the river, 14,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents ----------------------------------------- $7, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies- ---- _------500 Total ------------------------------------------------ 7, 500 This estimate is greater than the average amount expended for. maintenance during the past five years for the reason that since 1913, when a small amount of dredging was done, expenditures have been applied mainly to administration and inspection. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, lumber, sand, and paving blocks, carried prin- cipally in canal boats, box barges, and small schooners drawing from 7 to 10 feet. The steamer line carrying passengers through the bay to and from Watch Hill was discontinued in 1918. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. . Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1914........ . 47 506 $331,949. 25 7,000 1917........ . 40, 506 $617,117.00 6,500 1915........ .39 073 494,752.69 9,800 1918........ 73, 689 733, 368.00 No record. 1916........ .58 854 607 008. 59 9,800 202 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. A1MY, 1919. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $631.27: New work -- ---------------------------------------- $180, 029. 63 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 17, 094. 43 Net total expended --------------------------------- 197, 124. 06 Total appropriations to date of this report --....-- 205, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 - 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.. .......... $2,429.99 ........... .... ... Expended for-maintenance 1$......... $211.07 714.67 $390.33 $104.40 $147.57 Total expended 1.................. 211.07 3,144.66 390.33 104.40 147.57 Appropriated or allotted.................. 1 000. 00 1, 000.00 4,500.00 2,500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------ -$6, 023. 51 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 2, 500. 00 8, 523. 51 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 147. 57 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 8, 375. 94 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__ ---------------------------- 164, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance -------------- - ---- 7, 500. 00 2. STONINGTON HARBOR, CONN. (A2.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the north shore of Fishers Island Sound near its outlet to the ocean and about 9 miles east of New London Harbor, and is a small bay about 1 mile long and one-half mile wide, protected by two breakwaters. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-Originally exposed to southerly storms, the minimum usable depths were 17 feet at entrance, 12 feet midway up the harbor, and 6 feet opposite wharves. The head of navigation was immediately above the inner wharves, about 1 mile from the entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of May 23,.1828. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was $36,953.83, all for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1753 of An- nual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two riprap breakwaters, one about 2,000 feet long at the westerly side of the harbor entrance, and the other about half a mile long, extending from the vicinity of Bartletts Reef to the vicinity of Middle Ground Shoal; for a sea wall around Stonington Point; for a channel about 500 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 17 feet deep across Noyes Shoal; and for the dredging of the inner harbor and its approaches to a depth of 12 feet. The head of navigation is about 1 mile from the entrance. The plane of ref- erence is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.7 feet, and I Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 203 the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1896, is $347,500, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500, to be appropriated in sums of $5,000 at intervals of 10 years. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1873, provided for the dredging in the inner harbor (S. Doc. No. 23, 42d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1875, provided for a western breakwater (Annual Report for 1875); the act of June 14, 1880, provided for the eastern break- water (Annual Report for 1881); the act of August 18, 1894, pro- vided for the dredging across Noyes Shoal (Annual Reports for 1893 and 1895); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the sea wall at Stonington Point (Annual Report for 1896, p. 664). For the latest published map see page 700, Annual Report for 1895. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1897 except that the channel across Noyes Shoal was made 160 feet wide instead of 200 feet. The breakwaters are in fair repair. The controlling depths in the outer harbor are 15 to 18 feet and in the in- ner harbor about 11 feet. The total expenditure under the existing project has been, for new work, $300,500; for maintenance, $6,000; total, $306,500. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilites.-There are five pile wharves in commercial use and several small and little-used landings, all located on the easterly side of the harbor. Two of these are open for public use. There is no publicly owned terminal. Direct rail connection is provided at two wharves. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The breakwater serves a most useful purpose in providing a harbor of refuge for vessels passing through Fishers Island Sound. The effect of the improvement on freight rates can not be definitely stated. Proposed operations.-No estimate of funds is submitted and no operations are proposed, as the channels are in good condition and appear to satisfactorily meet the demands of commerce. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The local commerce of Stonington Harbor is small and not recorded, the harbor being essentially a harbor of refuge. During the calendar year 1915, 473 vessels, mainly barges and schooners, drawing from 7 to 15 feet, sought refuge here; no such record was kept for the calendar year 1918. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $210.22: New work ----------------------------------------- $337, 453.83 Maintenance ------- 6, 000. 00 Net total expended 343,453. 83 Total appropriations to (late of this report- 343, 453. 83 204 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work....................... 1 .................... ........... Expended for maintenance .............. $4, 284.18 $1,926.04 .. ........... Appropriated or allotted.............. ..... .. .......... .......... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 3. MYSTIC RIVER, CONN. (A3). Location and description.-This river has its source in south- eastern Connecticut, flows in a southerly direction 8 miles, and emp- ties into Fishers Island Sound at Noank, 5 miles east of New Lon- don; its drainage area is about 27 square miles. No record of dis- charge is available. The portion under improvement is narrow, crooked, and tidal. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 15 feet to about one-half mile below Mystic; thence 10 feet for 1.3 miles; and thence 6 feet for one-third mile farther to the head of navigation. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, and was completed in 1900 at a total cost of $36,600, all for new work. For further details of original project see page 1753 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 15 feet deep from Fishers Island Sound to the highway bridge at Mystic, about 2J miles, and the reducing of five bends in the natural channel; and a channel having a general width of 100 feet and 12 feet deep from the highway bridge at Mystic northerly about one- half mile to a point 700 feet above the wharf of the Mystic Manufac- turing Co. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean tidal range is 2.5 feet, and the maximum range due to the combined effect of wind and other causes is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $11,660, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $400, to be appropriated in sums of $2,000 at intervals of five years. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the present channel dimensions up to the highway bridge at Mystic (original project) (Annual Report for 1889, p. 746); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for restoring and maintaining the original project (H. Doc. No. 858, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the present channel dimensions above the highway bridge at Mystic (H. Doc. No. 637, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For map see House Document No. 56, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 98.3 per cent completed. A channel of project dimensions has been secured up to the highway bridge, and of project depth, but slightly deficient in width, from the highway bridge one-half mile upstream, the work being completed in 1913. The controlling depth to the highway bridge is 14.5 -feet;' thence to- the head of, the improved - channel, 11.5 feet. The work required to complete the project is the RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 205 widening by from 5 to 10 feet of the channel above the highway bridge. The total expenditure under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year has been $11,525.50 for new work, and $134.50 for maintenance, a total of $11,660. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are a number of small wharves on the west side of the harbor at Noank, and on both sides of the river at Mystic. These are the usual bulkhead and pile-apron construction. Cargo-handling devices on all are very simple and railroad connec- tions are lacking. There is a publicly owned wharf at Noank, over which practically all of the water-borne traffic of the town passes. Three of the Mystic wharves are open to public use; the remaining are private. There is no publicly owned terminal. The facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty- third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to facilitate navigation. The most recent improvement, that above the highway bridge, resulted in a reduction of 5 cents per ton in water freight rates. Proposed operations.-No estimate of funds is submitted and no operations are proposed, as the channels are in good condition and appear to satisfactorily meet the demands of the present commerce. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal item of freight for the cal- endar year was coal, carried principally in barges drawing from 9 to 12 feet. Decreased tonnage is mainly due to curtailment in receipts of coal. During the year two shipyards located on the river launched five large cargo ships. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.................... 50,983 $130,929.60 1917.................... 26.193 $214,069.00 1915 ................... 49,668 144,412.17 191.8................... 19,690 150,590.00 1916................... 22,153 120,523.43 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etC., amounting to $152.41: New work ---------------------------------------------- $48, 125. 50 Maintenance ------------------------------------------------ 134. 50 Net total expended_-------------------------------------- 48, 260. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------------ 48, 260. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work....................... .......... .... ........................ Expended for maintenance 1......... $136. 63 $71.87.... ........................ . Aproiriatedeor allottrd........ales..t. 1Not deducting receIpts from Sales, etc. 206 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 4, NEW LONDON HARBOR, CONN. (A4.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, at its eastern end, and about 14 miles east of the mouth of the Connecticut River. It comprises the lower 3 miles of the Thames River, including Shaws and Winthrops Coves, both lying on the westerly side near its head, and is from about one-fourth to 1i miles wide. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth in the main channel to the head of the harbor was 26 feet for a width from about one-eighth to one-half mile; along the New London dock front, 10 to 15 feet; in Shaws Cove, 2 to 8 feet; and in Winthrops Cove, 7 to 14 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, as a part of the improvement of the Thames River, and as a separate project by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. A project for Shaws Cove, as a part of the im- provement of the Thames River, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was $19,800 applied to new work in New London Harbor and $21,000 applied to new work in Shaws Cove; a total of $40,800. For further details of previous projects, see page 1753 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 600 feet wide, 33 feet deep, and about 31 miles long from Long Island Sound to the natural deep water in the upper harbor; a channel 400 feet or more in width, 23 feet deep, and about 6,000 feet long skirting the water front of the city, and for dredging Shaws Cove to a depth of 15 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet. The maximum tidal range, due to the com- bined effects of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $487,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1914) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,300. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the water-front channel (H. Doc. No. 392, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging in Shaws Cove (H. Doc. No. 329, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the en- trance channel (H. Doc. No. 613, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no oper- ations. The expenditures were for administration and inspection, and amounted to $1,457.45, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 71.5 per cent completed. The channels along the water front and in Shaws Cove were completed in 1913. The entrance channel is about 58 per cent completed. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Entrance channel (partial width), 30 feet; channel along the water front, 22 feet; Shaws Cove, 14.5 feet. The expenditures under the existing project have been $312,435.53 for new work and $4,526.40 for maintenance, a total of $316,961.93. Local cooperation.-Pursuantto a provision in the river and har- bor act of July 27, 1916, requiring local cooperation precedent to the expenditure of funds appropriated in accordance with the report in RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 207 House Document No. 613, Sixty-third Congress, second session, the State of Connecticut has completed the essential portions of its terminal development consisting of a pier 1,000 feet by 200 feet, equipped with storage-warehouse, cargo-handling, and railroad facilities and approach channels and vessel berths affording depths of 35 feet at mean low water. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the-above act was authorized by the Secretary of War September 8, 1916. The amount expended by the State for this development is approximately $1,000,000. Terminal facilities.-The wharves served by this improvement are, with a few exceptions, of pile and timber construction. On the west side of the harbor there are several wharves directly connected with the railroads and nearly all provided with transfer facilities. The remaining wharves are generally smaller and are equipped to serve the business of the owner or operator only. The total developed shore frontage is about 1 miles. The State and the municipality each own a terminal open to public use. Several other wharves are owned or leased by Government agencies for departmental uses. Of the privately owned wharves there are several available for public use on equal terms. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to materially reduce rates on water-borne freight. Proposed operations.-With the available funds it is proposed to complete dredging the entrance channel. It is expected that work will be done by Government plant as soon as suitable plant is avail- able for the purpose, in accordance with the following estimate: Operation and rental of seagoing hopper dredge ---------------- $155, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ------------------- 13, 410 Total ------------------------------------------ 168,410 No estimate for maintenance during the fiscal year 1921 is sub- mitted, as the water-front channel and Shaws Cove are in such condi- tion as to satisfactorily meet the needs of present and reasonably prospective commerce for at least two more years. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, general merchandise, and sand, gravel, and stone, carried principally in steamers, barges, and schooners draw- ing from 12 to 22 feet. Most of the commerce of this harbor is handled on a draft of about 15 feet; however, schooners and large barges drawing 18 to 22 feet are not uncommon. Decreased tonnage is due to reduced traffic by steamboat lines. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Val Passen- Calendar Short Value Passen- year. tons. ue gers. year. tons. Vgers. 1914........... 824 095 $102, 871515.53 261,945 1917.......... 690,977 $210,423,517.00 183,982 1915.......... 786551 117, 117.02 354,901 1918.......... 542,665 164,710,162.00 132,711 1916........... 849,746 172 153233.00 318505 125851-ENG 1919- 14 208 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.50: New work -------------------------------------- $353, 235. 53 Maintenance -------- ---------------------------------- 4, 526.40 Net total expended ----------------- 357, 761. 93 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 526, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1...............$107,224.36 $52,880.62 ........... Expended for maintenance 1............... $383.75 $549.53 544.63 644.88 $1,457.45 Totalexpended 1.................... 383.75 549.53 107,768 .99 53,525.50 1,457.45 Appropriated or allotted...........................................1 170,000.00 160,000.00 ............ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended --------------------------- $169, 895. 02 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 21919 ..------------- 50 1 169, 895. 52 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance. 1, 457.45 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ----------------- 168, 438.07 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ------------------------------ 25.05 July 1, 1919, balance available ----------------------------- 168, 413. 02 5. THAMES RIVER, CONN. (AS). Location and description.-This river is a tidal estuary varying in width from about 400 feet to three-fourths of a mile, arid ex- tending from the junction of the Yantic and Shetucket Rivers at Norwich, Conn., 15 miles southerly to Long Island Sound at New London. The improvement includes the upper 12 miles, the lower 3 miles being included under New London Harbor. The drainage area is about 1,465 square miles. The average discharge of the river at Norwich approximates 850 second-feet. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths and widthls were: New London to Bartletts Crossover, 4 miles, 26 feet deep and 250 feet wide; Bartletts Crossover to Allyns Point, 2 miles, 13 feet deep and 300 feet wide; and thence 6 miles to the head of navigation at Norwich, about 6 feet deep and generally narrow. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river agd harbor act of July 4, 1836. The amount expended prior to op- erations under the existing project was $157,300, of which $10,000 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1754 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 20 feet deep to Allyns Point; thence of same width and 14 deep to Norwich; the construction of five training walls, with their tops at mean high water, located, respectively, at Mohegan, pile and stone sNot deducting receipts from sales, ete. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 209 about 2,750 feet long, Trading Cove, riprap 2,325 feet long, Long Rock, riprap about 2,750 feet long, Rolling Mill, riprap about 3,300 feet long, and Norwich, riprap 1,050 feet long; and the removal of obstructions in the Shetucket River at Norwich. The plane of ref- erence is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet at New London and 3.1 at Norwich. The maximum range, due to the com- bined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1909, is $265,830, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1907) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $9,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 2, 1882, provided for training walls and also finally for the present channel dimensions above Allyns Point (Annual Report for 1882, p. 606); the act of March 2, 1907, made final provision for the present channel dimensions up to Allyns Point (H. Doc. No. 265, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of obstructions in the She- tucket River (H. Doc. No. 397, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1882, House Document No. 265, Fifth-ninth Congress, second session, and House Document No. 397, Sixth-first Congress, second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration and inspection, and amounted to. $222.32, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912, the training walls having been completed in 1906, except the upper end of the Rolling Mill Dike, which is replaced by adjacent shore improvements. The controlling depths at mean low water June 30, 1918, are nearly 20 feet to Allyns Point, thence to Norwich about 13.5 feet, and 12 feet in the Shetucket River to the town dock. The expenditures under the existing project have been $299,214.14 for new work, and $94,534.84 for maintenance; a total of $393,748.98. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption or modification of the project. In 1835-36 the Merchants' Bank of Norwich expended $3,679 in dredging channels in the vicinity of Norwich. Terminal facilities.-Wharves along the river and at Norwich are mainly of the bulkhead type, both with and without pile aprons. Of these, four along the river and one at Norwich have direct railroad connection and transfer facilities. There is a municipal wharf at Norwich not provided with cargo handling machinery. Eight or more of the privately owned wharves along the river and at Norwich are open to the public on equal terms, but not all of these are in commercial use at the -present time. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of ter- minal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The work done has reduced the cost of transportation by increasing the available draft from 8 feet to 16 and 22 feet. The river commerce of the present day could not be carried except for the increased depths thus obtained. 210 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds toward the restoration of the channel at Bartletts Crossover and between Allyns Point and Norwich to project dimensions, in accord- ance with the following estimate: Dredging 25,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents ______$12, -_-. 500 Administration inspection, and contingencies------------------------ 850 Total ------------------------------------------------ 13, 350 It is expected that the work will be undertaken during the calen- der year 1920, and that expenditures will be at the rate of about $10,000 per month. Dredging was last done above Allyns Point in 1912. The channel depth and width while adequate for the present reduced traffic should be restored to care for the expected increase in deep-draft commerce. At prevailing prices the available funds are not sufficient to com- plete the necessary maintenance work. The following estimate is submitted for additional funds for work during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1921: Dredging between Allyns Point and Norwich, 41,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents_ ------------------------------------------------ $20, 500 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ---------------------- 1, 500 Total - _____--___ -. -__ __----------- 22,000 Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, sand and gravel, general merchandise, petro- leum products, and lumber, carried principally in steamers, barges, and schooners drawing from 12 to 21 feet. Above Allyns Point the bulk of the freight is carried in vessels of 12 to 13 feet draft; in the lower river the usual draft is 14 to 15 feet, with occasional cargoes up to 21 feet. The decrease in tonnage is largely due to coal shortage. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value. Passengers. Calendar Short Value. Passengers. year. tons. year. tons. 1914........490,605 $8,110,426.50 26,128 1917..... . 328,188 $13,043,737.00 4,602 1915........389,161 9, 646,479.75 29,200 1918........265,076 11,889, 876.00 No record. 1916........483,900 11,436,713.29 25,637 Decrease in value is due to curtailed traffic in valuable package freight resulting from the discontinuance during the year of the steamboat freight line to New York City. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919 after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $861.64: New work ---------------------------------------- ___ $446,514.14 Maintenance__ ---------------------------------------- 104, 534. 84 Net total expended_ _- _- -- - - 551, 048. 98 Total appropriations to date of this report-- 564, 400. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 211 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expented for new work.... .. ".4. 7..... . .7 Expenled for maintenance 1............... $8.185.56 $14,787.68 $297.27 $629.3 . $222.32 Appropriated or allotted................... 19,500.00............9,000.00 5,500.00 .......... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended - __--__-__ ________ -$13, 573.34 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 222. 32 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____ _____--___ _______ - 13, 351.02 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_ _ -_ ____-- - - ________-- 122, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,858.04: New work-- -- ---- ---- - - $1, 365, 358.63 Maintenance- -- 132,290. 17 Net total expended- --- -- --------- 1, 497, 648. 80 Total appropriations to date of this report -.--- - -1, 687, 813. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1......... .. $2,429.99 $107, 224.36 $52,980. 62...... Expended for maintenance 1............ $13,201. 19 18,049.79 1, 232.23 1,378.67 $1, 827.34 1. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Total expended .. 13, 201.19 20,479.78 108,456.59 54,259.29 1,827.34 Appropriated or allotted................... 20,500.00 1,000.00 179,000.00 170,000.00 2,500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended- -- ---------- $189, 491.87 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 2,500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ----------------- . 50 2 191, 992.37 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance . --------------------- ----- 1, 827. 34 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended- -- ---------- 190, 165. 03 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ------------- -- - -25.05 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $19,226.96 available only for maintenance --------------------------------------- 190. 139. 98 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__-- 64, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance -------------------------------- 129, 500. 00 1 xclusive of available funds. 2Not deducting receipts frrom Eales, etc. 212 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIMIY, 1919. CONNECTICUT RIVER ABOVE AND BELOW HARTFORD, CONN. (GROUP B). 6. CONNECTICUT RIVER ABOVE HARTFORD, CONN. (Bl). Location and description.-This river has its source in Connecti- cut Lake, in northern New Hampshire, flows southerly 375 miles, and empties into Long Island Sound at Saybrook, Conn., 14 miles west of New London. Hartford, now the head of commercial navigation, is 51.9 miles by channel from the mouth. A dam at Holyoke, 34 miles above Hartford, completely interrupts navigation. The drain- age area is about 11,000 square miles, and the average discharge in second-feet: At Holyoke, low water, 2,600, high water, 71,000; at Hartford, low water, 5,000, 20-foot freshet, 101,000. On low stages tidal fluctuation extends a short distance above Hartford, with a mean rise and fall at Saybrook of 3.4 feet, and at Hartford, 1.2 feet. The average fall per mile is, Holyoke to Hartford, 1.2 feet; Hartford to mouth, 0.053 foot. The width at the mouth is about 3,000 feet; at Hartford, 1,000 feet; at Holyoke, 900 feet. See U. S. Geological Survey map of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was about 2 feet for 10 miles from Hartford to the foot of Enfield Rapids, 51 miles long, where navigation was interrupted; thence 18 miles to Holyoke the available depth was about 5 feet. About 100 years ago commercial navigation extended to Wells River, Vt., 250 miles above the mouth, by means of locks and canals around the various rapids. Previous projects.-None Existing project.-No comprehensive project has been adopted. Improvement was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, and was prosecuted by the construction of wing dams, and, on one occasion, by dredging, under plans described in the Annual Re- ports of the Chief of Engineers for 1871, page 761, and 1881, page 565. The section of the river under consideration extends from Hart- ford, 51.9 miles above the mouth, to Holyoke, a distance of about 34 miles. The mean tidal fluctuation on low stages is 1.2 feet at Hartfrd, diminishing to zero near Bissells Ferry, about 7 miles upstream. The usual rise at Hartford due to spring freshets is be- tween 16 and 24 feet above nimean low water and at Springfield 10 to 15 feet above mean low water. The maximum recorded freshet at Hartford (May, 1854) was 27.8 feet above mean low water and at Springfield about 25 feet above the ordinary summer stage of that year. Occasional freshets of short duration may occur during the remainder of the year. There are no approvei cstimates of cost for new work or for annual maintenance. For map see House Docu- ment No. 417, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Several wing dams were con- structed prior to 1886 and some dredging was done in 1873. One of these wing dams became an obstruction to navigation and was re- moved in 1914. Two obstructive shoals at Springfield have been removed. The controlling depth is about 2 feet at low water in the section below Enfield Rapids. The expenditures, including sur- RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 213 veys for a comprehensive project, have been $116,324.81 for new work and $11,982.67 for maintenance, a total of $128,307.48. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation have been prescribed by law. About 1830 a dam 1,500 feet long and canal 5.3 miles long, with 4 locks, were built at Enfield Rapids by the Con- necticut River Co., at a cost reported as about $1,000,000. The canal is maintained by that company primarily for power uses. The locks are about 19.5 by 88 feet, with 3-foot depth at lower-lock sill at low water. During 1909 and 1914 bars between Hartford and Windsor Locks were dredged by the Springfield Navigation Co. to provide a channel about 3 feet deep and 35 feet wide, at a cost of $5,100. Between 1891 and 1914 the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts constructed about 5,050 linear feet of shore-protective works at West Springfield and Agawam, at a cost of $23,499.13. Terminal facilities.-In the absence of commercial navigation, ter- minal facilities are limited to a few small landings for excursion steamers in the pool above Enfield Dam. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session, * Effect of improvement-No permanent benefit has resulted from the work so far done by the United States, and none is to be antici- pated until a comprehensive project is adopted. Proposed operations.-Pendingthe adoption of a project for im- provement (see below), it is proposed to apply the available funds to expenditures for administration and inspection. Recommended modifications of project.--Under date of November 12, 1915, the Chief of Engineers recommended, subject to certain con- ditions, providing a channel 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from Hartford to Holyoke, at a cost of $1,870,000 for new work and $65,000 annually for maintenance. (H. Doc. No. 417, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-There is no commercial navigation above Hartford, e~cept by two small passenger steamers which run excur- sions during the sunismer in the vicinity of Springfield. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.50: New work ......- - -- ---- - $116, 324. 81 Maintenance "__----------11, 982. 67 Net total expended -128, 307. 48 Total appropriations to date of this report -- 131, 324. 81 year 30. 19151916191719181919 June ending Fiscal Expended for new work ................... ....................... R 1ed for maintenance, ......... .. 6453" $2,291.46 $,182,ib.04 $29.6......... ii"::::'' Appropriated 0i'allotted .......... l. .., .... ......-- - ..:..'..i- I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended - -------- $3, 017. 88 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended- -- -- -3, 017. 3S 214 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY) 1919. 7. CONNECTICUT RIVER BELOW HARTFORD, CONN. (B2). Location and description.-See description under preceding re- port. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 7 feet over the bar at Saybrook, thence about 5 feet to Hartford, 51 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and a second project, which was modi- fied in 1872, 1881, 1887, and 1889, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The amount expended prior to opera- tions under the existing project was: $287,374.29 for new work and $366,348.47 for maintenance, a total of $653,722.76. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1754. Ewisting project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide, 15 feet deep at mean low water, and about six-tenths mile long, across the bar at the mouth, and thence 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water (2 feet on the Hartford gage) for 51.3 miles to Hartford; the channels to be obtained by dredging and the construc- tion of dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works; for' two riprap jetties at the mouth of the river, the tops to be 5 feet above high water and 6 feet wide, the easterly one about 2,300 feet, and the westerly about 2,250 feet in length; and for a training dike about 3,700 feet long at Hartford. The mean tidal range is 3.4 feet at the mouth and, on low water, 1.2 feet at Hartford. The maximum tidal range at the mouth due to wind or other causes is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $388,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000 until the permanent works are completed and $10,000 thereafter. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 10, 1872, provided for the jetties at the mouth (present dimensions approved by the Chief of Engineers Dec. 22, 1887) ; the act of March 3, 1881, provided for the Hartford Dike (present dimensions authorized by the Chief of Engineers in 1889); the act of February 27, 1911, provided for the present chan- nel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 1294, 61st Cong., 3d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, made final provision for the dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works (H. Doc. No. 132, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1913, page 1602, and the last-mentioned document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The channels through the river bars were kept open for navigation by contract dredging. The total length of channel thus dredged was 10,820 feet, the width varying from 50 to 75 feet. A total of 33,825 cubic yards was re- moved at a total cost of $8,246, applied to maintenance. The revet- ment of Press Barn reach was resumed and about 67 per cent of the work is now completed. One thousand seven hundred and twenty- eight linear feet of mattress was placed, 1,200 linear feet of bank rough graded, and this graded bank, together with about 1,100 feet- of natural bank, partially revetted. Expenditures for this work amounted to $5,506.95, and were charged to new work. Th! expendi- tures were $5,506.95 for new work and $9,899.46 for maintenance, a total of $15,406.41. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 215 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 43 per cent completed. The Saybrook jetties, training walls at Hart- ford, Clay Bank, and Sears Shoal, and the spur dikes at Press Barn were completed in 1915. The channel from the mouth to Hartford was ccmpleted in 1914. Cys Hollow reach and about 67 per cent of Press Barn reach have been revetted. The jetties, training walls, dikes, and revetment are in fair condi- tion, except that the east jetty at Saybrook needs extensive repairs: some minor repairs are needed to the west jetty and some of the other structures named above. The channel widths are somewhat diminished. The controlhg depths at mean low water are 14 feet across the bar at the mouth, thence 10.5 feet to Hartford. To complete the project requires the completion of the Press Bar revetment and the construction of addi- tional permanent works. The expenditures have been $165,527.07 for new work and $135,458.63 for maintenance, a total of $300,985.70. Local cooperation.--No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. On various occasions between 1884 and 1904, when funds for maintenance were lacking or insufficient, channels through the various bars, sufficient to pass a regular line of steamboats, were maintained by dredging by the Hartford & New York Transportation Co., at a cost of $28,384.18. Previous to 1868 dredging and regulation work were done by private and municipal interests, at a cost in excess of $93,000. Terminal facilities.-There are two or three wharves of the bulk- head type at each of the river towns, one or more in each town being open to public use. At Hartford and at Middletown there is approxi- mately one-half mile of wharf frontage along the west bank of the river. The towns of Saybrook and Cromwell and the city of Middle- town each own or lease wharf property. Rail connection and trans- fer facilities are available at Saybrook, Middletown, Portland, and Hartford. The facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Docu- ment No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The work done has afforded the city of Hartford and other river ports the advantage of water transporta- tion and has effected a reduction in the water rates on bulk com- modities. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the available funds in accordance with the following estimate: Repairing Saybrook jetties. 11,200 long tons of stone in place, at $2.25__ $25, 200 Maintenance dredging, 60,000 cubic yards, at 22 cents--------------- 13, 200 Repairs to dikes and revetments___--- ---------- 1, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ---------------------- 2, 456 Total for maintenance .. ---------------------------------- 41, 856 Completing Press Barn revetment, 'including administration, inspection, etc., new work. -------------------------------------------- 10, 603 Bank revetment Clay Banks reach, 1,600 linear feet at $8.25 ---------- 13, 200 Bank revetment Crow Point reach, 6,800 linear feet at $8.25 ---------- 56,100 Administration, inspection, and contingencies-- --------- 5, 700 Total for new work_-_-_ _- - -- -- 85, 603 Total estimate- - --------------- 127, 459 216 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. It is proposed to commence the repairs to the Saybrook jetties late in the summer of 1919, providing favorable prices can be obtained, to expend the funds at a rate of about $6,000 per month, completing the work in about four months from the date of beginning. Maintenance dredging for the calendar year 1920 will be begun after the sub- sidence of the spring freshets, and funds used at the rate of about $4,000 per month. The condition of the dikes and revetments in the upper river is such that repairs are not urgently necessary. It is proposed to do such work as may be necessary at the Press Barn dikes during the present season and to defer repairs to the remaining works until additional new work is done in the vicinity. It is proposed to resume work with hired labor at the Press Barn revetment early in July, using funds at a rate of about $3,000 per month, completing the work during September. Conditions as re- gards the supply of stone available for use at the Clay Banks' and Crow Point reaches are very unsatisfactory at the present time. The above estimate for work on these reaches is made under the assump- tion that a suitable source of supply can be developed and stone se- cured and placed at a cost comparable to the estimate submitted. If this can be done, it is proposed to commence preliminary work in the fall of 1919, suspending work during the winter and freshet months, and to complete both revetments during the working season of 1920. When the work is in progress, it is expected that funds will be used at the rate of from $6,000 to $11,000 per month. Annual maintenance dredging is required for the accommodation of the present commerce. Funds should be on hand so that work may be commenced immediately after the subsidence of the spring freshets. To secure the benefits of reductions in maintenance charges, the construction of permanent works should be continued. The proper location for such works and their nature can be better determined with a knowledge of the conditions existing at the time funds are made available. To provide for the above works, the following estimate is submitted for funds required during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: Dredging, 60,000 cubic yards, at 22 cents --------------------- $13, 200 Administration, inspection, and contingencies---------------------- 1, 800 Total for maintenance ---------------------------------- 15, 000 Additional dikes, training walls, and revetments, including adminis- tration and inspection, for new work--------------------------75, 000 Total estimate ---------------------------------------- 90, 000 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The prificipal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, general merchandise, petroleum products, lum- ber, and other building material, carried principally in barges and steamers drawing 10 to 12 feet. The decrease in tonnage is due to decreased movements of steamboat freight and to a reduction in coal receipts. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 217 Comparative statement. [Including Eightmile River.] Calendar Short Value Passen- Calendar Short Value. Passen- year. tons. V gers. year. tons. gers. 1914.......... 59, 728 $35,193, 842. 88 59, 627 1917.......... 602,008 $58, 940,460.00 48,647 1915......... 641,562 33,835,837.24 64,515 1918.......... 533,455 50,090,299.00 31, 769 1916.......... 637,192 44, 327,033.89 46,574 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $985.05: New work------------- --------------------------- $452, 901.36 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 501, 807.10 Net total expended---- ------------ 954, 708.46 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------ 1, 097, 610. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 . . . .. . . . . . .. . . Expended for new work 1 .. $39,512.25 $B, 523.31 ........... $20,989.23 $5,506.95 Expended formaintenancel............... 34,855.18 13,226.02 $15,086.88 12,114.90 9,899.46 Total expended i.................... 65,367.43 38,749.33 15,086.88 33,104.13 15,406.41 Appropriated or allotted................... 33,000.00 .......... I 15,000.00 70,100.00 105,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended -------------------------- $53, 300. 73 Amount-allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 15, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2,1919 90, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------------ 7. 91 158, 308. 64 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work- --------------- --------------- ---- $5, 506. For new wor $5 0.9 95 For maintenance ----------------------------- 9, 899. 46 - -15, 406.41 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------ July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities---------- ---2, 906. 17 142, 902. 23 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 12, 535. 38 15, 441. 55 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $41,856.86 available only for maintenance --------------------------------------- 127, 460. 68 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- -------- __- - ----- 2136, 870. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work_ -------------------- 75, 000. 00 For maintenanFe - -- 15, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 90, 000. 00 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 218 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $988.55: New work__------------------ __$569, 226. 17 Maintenance --------------------------------------------- 513,789. 77 Net total expended-- __ _____ _- _ 1, 083,015. 94 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------------- 1, 228, 935. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1... ....... $3,2 , 512.25 $25, 523.31 ....... $2, 989.23 $5, 506.95 Expended for maintenance 1.............. 037. 22 13, 900.55 $17, 378.34 12,144.56 9,899.46 Total expended 1. ..... 72, 549. 47 39, 423.86 17, 378.34 33, 133. 79 15, 406.41 Appropriated orallotted............... 3, 000.00............ 15,000.00 70,100.00 105,000.0 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ------------------------------ $56, 318. 06 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1919_ 15,000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919. 90, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ----------------- 7. 91 161, 325.97 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: ' For new work__---___----- ----- -_ $5, 506. 95 For maintenance -------------------------------- ... 9, 899.46 15,406. 41 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_____- ---------- 145, 919. 56 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ ......----- 2,906. 17 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 12, 535. 38 15, 441. 55 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $44,874.19 available only for maintenance------------------------------------------- 130, 478. 01 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___--- ------ ------ -2136, 870. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30. 1921: For new work ------------------------------------------- 75,000.00 For maintenance ----------------------------------------- 15, 000.00 Total ------------------------------------------------- 90,000.00 DUCK ISLAND, BRANFORD, NEW HAVEN, MILFORD, BRIDGEPORT, SOUTHPORT, NORWALK, FIVE MILE RIVER, STAMFORD, AND GREENWICH HARBORS, WESTPORT HARBOR AND SAUGATUCK RIVER, BREAKWATERS AT NEW HAVEN, AND HOUSATONIC RIVER,. CONN. (GROUP C.) 8. DUCK ISLAND HARBOR, CONN. (Cl.) Location and description.-Duck Island Harbor is a small bay, about 2 miles long and extending 1 mile inland, lying between Menun- ketesuck and Kelsey Points, on the north shore of Long Island Sound, approximately midway between New London and New 11Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 219 Haven Harbors, and about 23 miles distant from each. Duck Island is in the outer and southeasterly part of the bay. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The harbor afforded practically no shelter from the east around through the south to the west, but afforded god protection from all northerly winds. The usable low-water depth for anchorage was about 16 feet over a considerable prtion o:he bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by thet.hver and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was $114,867.90 for new work, and $5,334.10 for maintenance, a total of $120,202. For further. details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1755. Existing project. This provides for the construction of three rip- rap breakwaters, viz, one extending northwardly from Duck Island 1,100 feet; one extending westwardly from Duck Island 2,697 feet; and one extending southwardly from Stone Island, just south of Kelsey Point, 3,750 feet-each breakwater to be 8 feet wide on top, 9 feet high above mean low water, with side slopes of 2 on 3, except on the northerly side of the one extending westerly from Duck Island and the westerly side of the one extending northwardly from Duck Island, where the slopes are to be 1 on 1; and for dredging to a depth of 16 feet at mean low water a portion of the protected area back of the breakwaters at Duck Island. The mean tidal range is 4.2 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 9 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $370,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,500, to be appropriated in sums of $25,000 at intervals of five years, with $5,000 additional every ten years. The existing project. was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the breakwaters (H. Doc. No. 398, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the dredging (H. Doc. No. 812, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For map, see House Document No. 812, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration and inspection and amounted to $283.27, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1917, the breakwaters having been completed in 1914. The breakwaters are in fair condition. The controlling depth in the area behind the breakwaters is about 16 feet at mean low water. The expenditures under the existing project have been $352,502.85 for new work, and $6,943.61 for maintenance, a total of $359,446.46. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This harbor is entirely a harbor of refuge. There are no commercial wharves. Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords shelter for the passing commerce of Long Island Sound, adding materially to the safety thereof, it being the only suitable harbor of refuge in a reach of 46 miles. A total of 808 vessels used the harbor as a refuge during the calendar year 1916. 220 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Proposed operations.-None. The breakwaters are in good condi- tion and sufficient depth is available in the anchorage. It is proposed to retain the available balance and to apply it, together with funds for which estimate will be submitted, to maintenance dredging when such shall become necessary. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. Commercial statistics.-There is no local commerce, the harbor being entirely a harbor of refuge. The number of vessels reported as havlig sought refuge in the harbor is as follows: Calendar year: Vessels. 1914 ---------------------------------------------------- 975 693 1915 195------------------------------------------------693 1916 ---------------------------------------------------- 808 1917 and 1918 --------------------------------------- No record The above vessels are principally schooners, tugs with tows, and yachts drawing from 8 to 12 feet. Financial sunmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,234,16: New work ----------------------------------------- $467, 370.75 _-------------- Maintenance_--- 12, 277. 71 Net total expended --------------- - 479, 648. 46 Total appropriations to date of this report_...... ---- 490, 202.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 . 1919 1. . . . . . . Expended for new work $23,095.29 ............ $4,530.88 $55,794.88 ............ Expended for maintenance 1.... 3, 856.44 $3, 438.22 593.09..$283.27 Total expended 1................... 26,951.73 3,438.22 5,123.97 55,794.88 283.27 Appropriated or allotted................... 7,000.00............ 71,000.00 .. ................ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended- _- - _------ $10, 836. 81 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 283.27 July 1 1919 balance unexpended--- --------- -10, 553. 54 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_-.......... -------- 2. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available ------------------------------ 10, 551. 04 9. BRANFORD HARBOR, CONN. (C2). Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 5 miles east of New Haven Harbor. It includes an outer harbor about 1 mile broad, an inner harbor one-half mile in diameter, and the lower 1 miles of the Branford River, the latter being narrow and crooked. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths were about 7 feet in the outer and inner harbors, 12 feet in the river to near the lower wharves, and thence less than 6 feet by a very narrow RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 221 channel to the upper wharves at the head of navigation, about 3 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 81 feet deep and 100 feet wide through the shoals at the mouth of the harbor, about one-half mile, and of the same depth, width, and length between the lower and upper wharves in the river. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean tidal range is 54 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1905, is $10,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,600. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for dredging between the lower and upper wharves in the river (H. Doc. No. 100, 56th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1901, p. 1188); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the dredging at the mouth of the harbor. For map see House Document No. 1292, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1907. The controlling depths at mean low water are 8J feet in the outer harbor, about 7 feet in the inner harbor, and thence about 8 feet to the head of the improved channel. The expenditures have been $9,537.45 for new work and $8,679.08 for maintenance, a total of $18,216.53. Local cooperation.-None prescribed by law. The upper part of the river at the head of the improved channel has been enlarged by the Malleable Iron Fittings Co. by dredging about 49,000 cubic yards of material, at a cost of $8,885.94. Terminal facilities.-Terminal facilities are limited to 2 bulkhead and pile wharves near the head of the harbor. These are open at times to public use. There is no publicly owned terminal. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the town and factories of Branford increased facilities for the water trans- portation of bulk commodities, and it is believed that it has effected a decrease in the freight rates. Proposed operations.-None. No considerable amount of shoaling has taken place in the river, and in view of the recommended modifi- cation of the project (see below) no maintenance dredging is now proposed in the inner harbor. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of July 18, 1916, the Chief of Engineers recommended the modification of that part of the existing project pertaining to the inner harbor so as to provide for maintaining a depth not exceeding 7J feet at mean low water. (See H. Doc. 1292, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, iron, and sand, carried principally on scows, barges, and canal boats, drawing usually 8 to 9 feet, and on occasional 222 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. schooners from 61 to 13 feet draft. Decrease in tonnage is due to decreased receipts of iron, sand, and lumber. Comparative statenment. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... 41,333 $204,529.50 1917.................... 37,032 $332,316.00 1915..................... 32,227 145,503.00 1918.................... 30,587 261,957.00 1916.....................30,375 218,493.09 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.50: New work__------------------------------------------------ $9, 537. 45 Maintenance ----------------------------------------------- 8, 679. 08 Net total expended--------------------------------------- 18, 216. 53 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 22, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .................. ........ .....-- ------.......... ..... ........ Expended for maintenance 1............. $79.36 $268.97 $49.16 ................ Appropriated orallotted................... 4,000.00................................... ..... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ------------------------------ $3, 783.47 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------------- 3, 783.47 10. NEW HAVEN HARBOR CONN. (C3). Location and description.-On the North Shore of Long Island Sound, about 71 miles to the east of New York City. The harbor consists of a bay about 4 miles long and from 1 to 4 miles wide, and the navigable portions of West River entering the westerly side of the bay and the Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers entering its northeast corner through a common mouth. The width of the lower harbor from Morgans Point to Oyster River Point is 44 miles, and its natural depths available for anchorage are from 20 to 28 feet at mean low water. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 52. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth in the harbor proper was 9 feet from the wharves to Cranes Bar, one-third of the way down the harbor, and 13 feet on the bar below Fort Hale; in Quinnipiac River, about 4 feet; in Mill River, west branch about 5 feet, east branch nearly bare at low tide; and in West River, less than 3 feet. The heads of navigation for small unmasted craft in the Quinnipiac, Mill, and West Rivers were, respectively, about 8, 21, and 2 miles above the mouths. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, and modified by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the acts of 1875, 1878, 1879, 1882, and 1884. The original project for West River (consolidated with the main harbor by the act of Mar. 2, RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 223 1907) was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was $331,625.66 for new work and $32,570 for maintenance, a total of $364,195.66. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915) page 1755. Eaiting project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep, 400 feet wide, and 3 miles long from Long Island Sounid to the inner end of the 20-foot anchorage basin; thence of same depth , T700 to 500 feet wide (increased to 1,200 feet at the turn opposite Long Wharf), 1.2 miles to Tomlinsons Bridge; three anchorage basins below Tomlinsons Bridge of 20, 16, and 15 fQot depths; a pile and riprap dike, total length about 4,200 feet, to contract the tidal flow at Fort Hale Bar; a channel 12 feet deep and 100 to 150 feet wide, from the southwest corner of the 16-foot anchorage basin via Oyster Point and the dock frontage of West Haven to Kimberly Avenue Bridge; thence 12 feet deep and prevailing width of 75 feet up West River approximately to the railroad bridge, and an anchor- age basin 6 feet deep in West River opposite Mars Dock; a channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep from the 15-foot anchorage basin to. ward Brewery Street, about 1,500 feet; a channel 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep up Quinnipiac River to Ferry Street and 50 to 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep between Ferry Street and Grand Avenue; a channel up Mill River 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep to the junc- tion of the two branches above Chapel Street, and thence channels 12 feet deep extending to Grand Avenue, with width in the east branch of 100 feet and a general width in the west branch of 125 feet; and the removal of certain obstructive rocks in Morris Cove. All depths refer to mean low water, the mean tidal range being 5.8 feet. The maximum tidal range due to the combined effect of wind and other causes is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $684,200, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 2, 1882, provided for the Sandy Point dike (plans approved by the Board of Engineers Oct. 2, 1882); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present depth of the main channel, and the dimensions of its lower end, and for the 20 and 16 foot anchorage basins; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the Brewery Street channel and made final provision for the present dimensions of the 15-foot basin (H. Doc. No. 1159, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of Juily 25, 1912, made final provision for the present dimensions of channels in Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers (H. Doc. No. 26, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) and for the present dimensions of the West River channel and anchorage (H. Doc. No. 535, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the present widths in the upper part of the main channel (H. Doc. No. 1258, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). For map, see House Document No. 497, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract was entered into for maintenance dredging, but work was not begun. Expendi- tures were for administration and inspection and amounted to $2,114.58, applied to maintenance. 125851-ENG 1919---15 224 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Condition at end of fiscal year.---The existing project was com- pleted in 1915, the dike at Fort Hale Bar having been completed in 1889. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Main channel, 19.5 feet; anchorage basins, 4, 10, 15, and 19 feet, respectively; West River, 12 feet to the shipyard, thence 101 feet. to Kimberly Avenue, and thence about 9 feet to the railroad bridge; Mill River, 11.5 feet to Chapel Street, thence about 11 feet: Quinnipiac River to Ferry Street, 12 feet, and thence to Grand Avenue, nearly 8 feet; and Brewery Street channel, 10 feet. The dike at Fort Hale Bar is in fair condition. The expenditures under the existing project have been $489,524.94 for new work and $158,235.73 for maintenance; a total of $647,760.67. Local cooperation.--No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. One mu- nicipal wharf, with limited facilities, has been constructed at a cost of approximately $20,000. The upper portion of the West River channel had been improved by private parties at a cost of about $10,000 before its further improvement was undertaken by the United States. Terminal facilities.-The wharves and piers served by this im- provement are grouped near the head of the main harbor; on both sides of Mill River between Chapel Street and Gariand Avenue; on both sides of Quinnipiac River throughout the greater part of its improved portion; at Oyster Point and along the westerly side of West River. The terminals at the head of the harbor are mostly piers, either solid-filled or open, ranging in length up to 2,300 feet and separated by slips. The total frontage occupied approximates nearly a mile. Several of these terminals have direct railroad and transfer facilities and nearly all are open to public use. One, City Wharf, is publicly owned. Throughout Mill, Quinnipiac, and West Rivers the wharves are usually of the bulkhead and apron type. At Oyster Point are several small timber, piers used in the oyster in- dustry. The river frontage developed amounts to over three-fourths mile in Mill River, over 1 mile in the Quinnipiac, and about five- eighths mile in West River and at Oyster Point. Some of the West River wharves are open to general public use, but in the other branches nearly all are private and closed to the public. The facili - ties are not considered adequate and plans are in preparation by the municipality for extensive additions and improvements. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226. Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has secured for New Haven the benefit of very low water-freight rates, particularly onl bulk commodities. The present commerce of New Haven could not be carried on without the improvements made. Proposed operations.-Work now under contract for maintenance dredging will not entirely restore the West River anid Brewery Street Channels and the 15-foot anchorage, on account of insufficient funds. Additional maintenance dredging is also needed in the Mill River and upper Quinnipiac River Channels. Areas in Mill River not in- cluded in the previous maintenance work are now considerably shoal. The commerce of this stream, now considerably over 500,000 tons annually, requires the maintenance of full project dimensions. No RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 225 maintenance work has been done in the upper Quinnipiac Channel since its completion in 1913, and complaints are being received as to its condition. For the maintenance of the Mill and the Quinnipiac River Channels and for the restoration of the uncompleted portion of the first-mentioned works, the following estimate of funds, re- quired during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, is made: Dredging, 110,000 cubic yards, at 38 cents ---------------------- $4, 800 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ---------------------- 2 2200 Total ----------------------------------------------- 44,000 This amount is in excess of the average annual maintenance charge for the past five years, but as the project dredging was only finally completed during that period, maintenance work has been relatively small. Recomniended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercialstatistic.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were general merchandise, coal, petroleum products, oysters and shells, chemicals and sand. Except in the shallower branch channels, the coal, which comprises by far the larger part of they total commerce of: the harbor, is handled on a draft of from 12 to 14 feet, with occasional cargoes drawing up to 22 feet. Oysters are handled in vessels of from 8 to 12 feet draft, and the bulk of the remaining commerce is handled in vessels drawing about 10 feet. A small amount of lumber is received in schooners drawing from 16 to 20 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year.[ Short tons. Value. Passen- gers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passen- gers. 1,704,854 1914........ $105, 459,519.16 112,816 1,868,649 $143,736,132.00 1917........ 78,130 1,792,856 99,561,097.40 1915........ 116, 665 2,181,082 176,768,543.00 1918........ 49,315 1916........2,263, 804 13, 445, 728.00 93, 495 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $573.50: New work ----------------------------------------- ..... $821,150.60 Maintenance ---------- ------------------------------ 190, 805. 73 Net total expended. ------------------------------- 1, 011, 956. 33 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 1,053,940.92 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work1.. .. $19,450.80 $56,512.92 .. ..... . Expended for maintenance I............... 5,343. 41 651.40 11, $19,757.54 $928.09 $2, 114. 58 Totalexpended ................. 24794.21 68.164.32 19,77.54 928.09 2,114.5 Appropriated or allotted ................... 86,000.00 .......... ......... 14,000.00 29,000.00 '.Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 226' REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ------------- $15, 099. 17 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__ 14,000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919__ 15,000.00 44, 099.17 June 40, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 2, 114. 58 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--- ----------- 41, 984. 59 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities. ------------------- $19. 75 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 41, 964. 84 41, 984.59 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance --------------- ----------------- 144, 000.00 11. 'BREAKWATERS AT NEW HAVEN, CONN. (04) Location and description.-See New Haven Harbor, immediately preceding. Original condition.-OppositeNew Haven, Long Island Sound is at its widest, about 19 miles, and the broad open mouth of the harbor was exposed to storms from the southeasterly and southwesterly quarters, so that vessels were usually obliged to go from 2 to 4 miles up the harbor in order to obtain refuge, and even then the shelter was inadequate with the wind in some directions. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a harbor of refuge at the entrance to New Haven Harbor by constructing three riprap break- waters, one 3,450 feet long, extending from Southwest Ledge to Quixes Ledge; one 4,450 feet long across Ludington Rock; and one about 4,200 feet long extending northwesterly from a point 6,000 feet south 540 west from Ludington Rock; the cross section of these breakwaters to be 12 feet wide on top and 6 feet above mean high water, with outer slopes of 1 on 1 and inner slopes of 1 on 1. The mean tidal range is 6 feet, and the maximum range, due to the com- bined effect of wind and other causes, is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $1,264,000. The latest (1915) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000, to be appropriated in sums of $5,000 at intervals of five years. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911 (Annual Report for 1910, pp. 124 and 125). Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1915. The breakwaters are in good condition. The anchorage shel- tered by the breakwaters exceeds 2,000 acres, of which over 500 acres are from 20 to 28 feet deep and the remainder 9 to 20 feet deep at mean low water. Expenditures have been $1,242,246.09 for new work and $21,753.91 for maintenance, a total of $1,264,000. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. The improvement is essentially a har- bor of refuge only. Effect of improvement.-The commerce benefited by the improve- ment is mainly the passing commerce of Long Island Sound. The breakwaters also provide an outer anchorage for vessels bound to and from New Haven and help to protect the entrance to New Haven 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 227 Harbor proper from seas and to diminish channel filling. There is no reliable record available of the number of vessels making use of the harbor as a refuge. The lighthouse keepers have reported from five to six thousand vessels as anchoring in this harbor annually. Proposed operations.-None. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-It isimpracticable to estimate accurately the tonnage and value of the commerce benefited by the improve- ment, but it is certainly very large and practically amounts to the entire commerce passing through Long Island Sound. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8,244.31: New work ---------------------- $1, 242, 246.09 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 21, 753. 91 Net total expended ------------------------------- 1, 264, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 1,264,000. 00 Fiscal year endmng June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.....t41,971.60............ ................. Expended for maintenance 1............... 608.99 .................................... Total expended 1................... 42,580.59 .. Appropriated or allotted............................................................ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 12. MILFORD HARBOR, CONN. (C5). Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 8 miles west of New Haven Harbor. It consists of an open bay about 1 mile in diameter and the tidal por- tion of the Wepowage River, a small, narrow stream entering the bay at its head and extending inland about 1 mile. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was less than 2 feet on the bar in the bay, and in parts of the river the channel was nearly bare. The head of navigation was 1 mile from the head of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874, and modified by the river and harbor acts of June 18, 1878, June 14, 1880, and August 2, 1882. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was $42,340.44 for new work, and $3,159.56 for maintenance, a total of $45,500. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1756. Existing project.-This provides for two riprap jetties, 510 and 250 feet in length, respectively, on the east and west sides of the en- trance to the river. a channel across the bar and through the lower harbor 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep to Merwins Wharf, a distance of about 3,000 feet; an anchorage basin of same depth, of about 6 228 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. acres in area, on the east side of the channel, and a channel 90 feet wide and 6 feet deep through the river from Merwins Wharf to the Straw Works Wharf, a distance of about 3,500 feet. All depths refer to the plane of mean low water. The mean tidal range is 6.2 feet, and the extreme range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1905, is $25,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1902) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existin project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: [he act of June 93,. 1874, provided for the east jetty at the mouth of the river (H. Ex. Doc. No. 107, 42d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 1042); the west jetty at the mouth of the river was authorized October 16, 1879 (Annual Report of 1879, p. 342); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the present channel di- mensi6ns and for an anchorage basin (H. Doc. No. 280, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and in Annual Report for 1900, p. 1357). For map see House Document No. 232, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 90 per cent completed. The jetties were completed in 1880. The dredging of the anchorage basins and channels as they now exist was com- pleted in 1905. The entrance channel has been completed and the channel through the river has been dredged to a point 500 feet above the town wharf ledge rock preventing its further extension at rea- sonable cost. The head of navigation is 1 mile from the head of the bay. The anchorage area on the east side of the channel has been dredged 10 feet deep over an area of 2J acres, but could not be further extended at reasonable cost, as ledge rock was met; to com- pensate for the lack of anchorage area on the east side, a basin 1.6 acres in area has been dredged on the west side. The jetties are in fair condition. The controlling depths at mean low water are nearly 10 feet to Merwins Dock, thence nearly 6. feet to a point about half- way to the town wharf, thence nearly 6 feet to the town wharf; above the town wharf to the head of the channel the controlling depth is not over 5 feet. Above Merwins Dock the depths given above apply only to a narrow central portion of the project channel. The average depth in the basins is about 8 feet. To complete the project requires the dredging of about 1.9 acres additional anchorage area and the extension of the 6-foot channel about 560 feet. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $23,617.33 for new work and $436 for maintenance, a total of $24,053.33. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were prescribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. Prior to 1896 about 85,000 cubic yards was dredged from the outer bay by oystermen, at a cost of about $15,000. Shore pro- tective works were constructed by the citizens of Milford at the mouth of the harbor prior to 1872 at an unknown cost. A town wharf has been maintained near the head of navigation for many years. Terminal facilities.-There are two terminals in commercial use on this improvement. One, owned by the town of Milford, a solid- RIVERS AND HARBORS---NEW LONDON, CONN.f DISTRICT. 229 filled pier of timber construction, near the head of. navigation, and the other a privately owned group of three timber bulkhead wharves located near the mouth of the harbor. Both terminals are open to public use. Adequate highways approach each terminal, but rail- road connections are lacking. The unloading facilities are inefficient. Enlarged and improved facilities are desirable. For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the town of Milford the benefits of water transportation for bulk commodities at rates cheaper than by rail. Proposed operations.-No maintenance dredging has been done on this project since its completion in 1905. Available funds have been retained for expenditure in connection with a modification of the project referred to in the following paragraph. The 6-foot channel is now becoming so restricted in width that navigation is seriously hampered. The upper anchorage used to a large extent by yachts and oyster craft has also shoaled considerably. If this dredging is done, the maintenance of the 10-foot channel should be included for reasons of economy. It is accordingly proposed to apply the avail- able funds together with those for which estimate is submitted to the restoration of the channels and basin in accordance with the follow- ing estimate: Dredging, 40,000 cubic yards, at 35 cents -------------------- $14, 000 Adminidtration, inspeti$.# and contingencies -------------------- 946 Total----------------------------------------------------- 14,946 Balance available June 30, 1919..------------------------------------ 7,946 Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921-------- 7,000 When the work is in progress, it is expected that funds will be used at the rate of about $7,000 per month, and exhausted in about two months. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of September 8, 1913, the Chief of Engineers recommended a readjustment of the location of anchorage areas and the widening of the 6-foot channel, at a cost of $14,700 for new work and $5,000 every four years for maintenance, in accordance with a plan contained in House Docu- ment No.232, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Reference to published articles not previously reported:-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were oysters and shells, sand, and coal, carried princi- pally in steamers, scows, and schooners drawing from 4 to 12 feet. Decrease in tonnage is due to a depression in the oyster industry and to lessened receipts of sand and fertilizer. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Thort tons Value. Calendar year. ihort tons. Value 1914 ................... 18,464 $181,739.85 1917................... 19,123 $8 0,141.00 1915.. . 13,312 68.325.94 1918.. ........ . .. 10,827 108,275.00 1916................... 10,816 65,004.40 - 230 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financialsumary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work---------------- -------------------------- $65, 957.77 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 3, 595. 56 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 69, 658. 33 Total appropriations to date of this report 500. 00 7---------------------77, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................... ...... ................................... Expended for maintenance................$64.42 $5.10 $18.66 $4.1 . Appropriated or allotted............................................................ July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__ ---------------------------- $7, 946. 67 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 7, 946. 67 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance --- ------------------------------ 17, 000.00 - 13. HOUSATONIC RIVER, CONN. (06). Location and description.-This river rises in northwestern Mas- sachusetts, flows southerly 130 miles through Massachusetts and Con- necticut, and empties into Long Island Sound at Stratford, 5 miles east of Bridgeport Harbor. Its drainage area is about 1,930 square miles. The tidal section extends from the mouth 131 miles to Derby and Shelton, and 1.1 miles upstream is a power dam with a canal and locks by which craft of less than 3-foot draft may pass above the dam. At Derby the low-water discharge is about 600 second-feet; the high-water flow is not known. Average freshets reach a height of 12 feet, are of short duration, and occur mainly in ihe spring. The river is closed by ice for the greater part of January, February, arid March. The low-water slope per mile from Shelton to the mouth is 0.14 foot; the width at the mouth is about 1,200 feet, and at Shelton 400 feet. See United States Coast and geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The original usable low-witer depth on the bar at the mouth and in the river was about 3 feet; the channel was narrow and crooked. The head of navigation was and is at Otter Rock, 3 miles above the dam at Shelton and 17j miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water, 200 feet wide and one-half mile long across the outer bar, and thence 100 feet wide to Derby and Shelton, about 13 miles; a riprap breakwater at the mouth, consisting of an inner arm 3,250 feet long, 3 feet high above mean low water, top width 6 feet, side slopes 1 on 1, and an outer arm 2,500 feet long, 6 feet high above mean high water, top width 12 feet, outer slope 1 on 2, inner slope I on 1; a riprap dike in the river below Stratford not to exceed 1,500 feet in length; and a riprap jetty 163 feet long at Sow and Pigs 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 2881 Rocks. The mean tidal range, exclusive of the winter season and freshets, is 6.4 feet at the mouth, 5.4 feet at Stratford, and 5.1 feet at Shelton; the extreme range due to combined effect of wind and other causes is about 11 feet at the mouth, diminishing toward the head. The spring freshets occasionally rise to a height of 18 feet or more above summer low water, but only average about 12 feet above that datum. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1888, is $275,500. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for a jetty at Sow and Pigs Reef and a channel of present dimensions across the outer bar (H. Doc. No. 95, 41st Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1871, p. 781); the act of August 11, 1888, provided for the break- water at the mouth and the present dimensions of the river channel. (S. Doc. No. 103, 50th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1888, p. 554). The construction of the Stratford Dike, in accordance with the project submitted by the District Engineer Officer July 15, 1892, was authorized by departmental action. For map see IHouse Docu- ment No. 970, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging by contract, amounting to 19,724 cubic yards, resulted in restoring the river channel to project depth and apptoximately project width. Channels 50 to 100 feet in width and aggregating 4,510 feet in length were dredged through five of the river bars. Expenditures, includ- ing administration and inspection, amounted to $8,399.45, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 95 per cent completed. The channels were completed in 1893. The breakwater at the mouth is completed except that the outer arm has a top width of 8 feet and outer slope of 1 on 1 instead of the re- spective project dimensions; the Stratford Dike is 1,255 feet long; and the jetty at Sow and Pigs Rocks is completed. The breakwater, dike, and jetty are in good condition. The controlling depths at mean low water are, at mouth of river 7 feet, and thence about 7 feet to Shelton. To complete the project requires the enlargement of the outer arm of the breakwater to pro- vide a top width of 12 feet and an outer slope of 1 on 2, which is not required for permanence, and the extension of the Stratford Dike not more than 245 feet. The expenditures have been $234,364.92 for new work and $120,127.92 for maintenance, a total of $354,492.84. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project or its modi- fications. A considerable amount of dredging has been done by pri- vate parties at the outer bar to obtain material for oyster beds, the cost and exact extent of which are not known. Terminal facilities.-There are four wharves in commercial use at Stratford, one at Devon, and seven at Shelton and Derby. The usual types are longitudinal timber or masonry bulkheads, and short filled piers with vessel berths at the ends parallel with the stream. Ade- quate highways lead to practically all of the wharves and one wharf at Stratford and one at Devon have railroad transfer facilities. There are no publicly owned terminals on the river. Of the private wharves, one at Stratford, two at Derby, and two at Shelton are 232 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. open to public use. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the towns of Stratford, Derby, and Shelton the advantage of water transpor- tation of bulk freight, and has had the effect of materially reducing the freight rates to these points. Proposed operations.-The bar channels are in such condition that maintenance dredging is not urgently necessary during the present season. It is expected; howler, that a considerable amount ?will be required during the calendar year 1920. It is proposed to expend the available funds for the necessary maintenance in the river chan- nels in accordance with the following estimate: Dredging, 35,000 cubic yards at 40 cents-------------------- ----- $14, 000 Administration, inspection and contingencies---------------------- 1, 957 Total ------------------------------------------------ 15, 957 It is expected that work will be commenced as soon as possible after the spring freshets of 1920, and completed in about two months from date of beginning. No estimate is submitted for additional funds for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, as it is expected that after the above work is completed the channels will remain in good condition during the following season unless extraordinary and un- foreseeable conditions intervene. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of March 28, 1916, the Chief of Engineers recommended a modification of the project to provide a channel 10 feet deep to Stratford, 200 feet wide through the entrance, and 100 feet wide in the river, and the exten- sion of the Stratford Dike for 200 feet, at an estimated cost of $35,000, in accordance with a plan printed in House Document No. 970, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year are coal, petroleum products, sand, and crushed stone, carried principally in steamers and barges, drawing from 6 to 10 feet. Increase in tonnage is due to the increased receipts of coal for transhipment up the Naugatuck Valley. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.................... .114,988 $1,131,813.54 1917.................... 300,017 $3,644,347.00 1915....................141,583 1,519,338.10 1918.....................330,670 3,358,191.00 1916 .................... 169,340 2,248,793.00 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,142.26: New work -------- --------------------------------- $234, 364. 92 Maintenance ------ ---------------------------------- 120, 127.92 Net total expended---- ---------------------------- 354, 402.84 Total appropriations to date of this report_ _-.---- - 370, 450. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 233 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1... . . $6,288.00 ... .. $5,700.66 ............................ Expended for maintenance 1.............. 2,90125 $2,456.45 8,845.61 $449.64 $8,399.45 Total expended1............9,189.25 2,45.45 14,546.27 449.64 8,399.45 Appropriated or allotted .................. 7,000.00............12,000.00 8;000.00 16,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918;- balance unexpended ---------------------------- $8, 356. 61 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_ 8, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 8,000. 00 "24, 356. 61 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 8, 399. 45 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------------------------- 15, 957. 16 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 141, 150. 00 14. BRIDGEPORT HARBOR, CONN. (07). Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 57 miles east of New York City. It consists of an outer main harbor about 3,500 feet long and .4,000 - feet wide; an inner harbor about 1 mile long and 1,500 feet wide, decreasing in width to.500 feet at the head; the navigable portions of Poquonock River, 1 miles long; Yellow Mill Pond, two-thirds of a mile long, entering from the north; Johnsons River, three- fourths of a mile long, entering from the east; Black ,Rock Harbor, about one-half mile wide and 1 mile long, lying 21 miles west of the main harbor; and Cedar and Burr Creeks, 11 and one-half miles long, respectively, entering Black Rock Harbor from the north. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths were: On the bar at the mouth of Bridgeport Harbor, about 5 feet; in the Poquonock River, from 2 to 5 feet; in Johnsons River, nearly bare in upper half; in Yellow Mill Pond, generally bare; in Black Rock Harbor, 12 to 6 feet; in Cedar Creek, 2 to 4 feet; and in Burr Creek, nearly bare. The head of navigation in Poquonock River, Yellow Mill Pond, Johnsons River, Burr and Cedar Creeks was, respectively, about 11, two-thirds, three-fourths, one-half, and 11 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project for the main harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. A second proj- ect was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified in 1875, 1878, 1882, 1888, 1892, 1894, and 1896. The original project for Black Rock Harbor, which prior to the adoption of the existing project was considered as separate from the main harbor, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. Exclusive of available funds. 234 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The amount expended prior to operations under the present project was as follows: New work. Mainte- Total. nance. Bridgeport Harbor................................... . $311,899. 53 $5, 948..97 $317,848. 50 Black Rock Harbor.......................t ..................... 66,550.00 6,000.00 72,550.00 Total............................... ..................... 378,449.53 11,948.97 390,398.50 For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1756. Existing project.-This provides for: (1) Two riprap breakwaters, one about 3,190 feet long, on the easterly side, and one 2,110 feet long on the westerly side of the entrance'to the main harbor. (2) The construction and maintenance of shore protection on Fayerweather Island, including a sea walI connecting the northerly and southerly portions of the island. (3) Main channel, 22 feet deep and 300 feet wide from Long Island Sound to the inner end of the 22-foot anchorage basin, thence 18 feet deep and 200 to 345 feet wide to Stratford Avenue Bridge across the Poquonock River. (4) Three anchorage basins: One 22 feet deep and 29.4 acres in area, op- posite the inner breakwater; one 18 feet deep and 30.6 acres in area, adjoining the main channel on the east above the inner breakwater; and one 12 feet deep, in two areas, aggregating 28.4 acres, to the east of the 18-foot anchorage. (5) Poquonock River Channel, from the lower bridge to Black's coal dqek, nearly 1 mile, 18 feet deep and from 100 to 230 feet wide, thence for 750 feet farther to head of navigation 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide. (6) Yellow Mill Channel, 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the 12-foot anchorage to a point 250 feet from the head of Yellow Mill Pond at Crescent Avenue, about 0.9 mile. (7) Johnsons River Channel, from the 22-foot anchorage to the first bend at the entrance of the river, about one-third mile, 12 feet deep and from 125 to 175 feet wide; thence 9 feet deep and 175 to 100 feet wide, 0.7 mile to a point 350 feet below the dam at the head of navigation. (8) Black Rock and Cedar Creek Channel from the 12-foot curve in Black Rock Harbor to the point of bifurcation in Cedar Creek, nearly 2 miles, 12 feet deep and from 150 to 200 feet wide; thence 100 feet wide to the head of navigation in both branches, each about one-fourth mile. (9) Burr Creek Channel from its junction with Cedar Creek Channel to the head of navigation, about one-half mile, 7 feet deep and from 100 to 75 feet wide. All depths refer to mean low water, the mean tidal range being 6.4 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to wind and other causes, is 11 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $765,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the Fayerweather Island sea wall; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the shore pro- tection at Fayerweather Island, and for the present dimensions of the upper end of the Poquonock River Channel (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1173); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the west breakwater, the present dimensions of the east breakwater, the 22- foot channel, and the 99-foot anchorage (H. Docs. Nos. 275 and 521, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the RIVERS AND TIARBORS-NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 2 35 18-foot channel in the Poquonock River to Black's coal dock (H. Doc. No, 751, 61st Cong., 2d. sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided finally for the present dimensions of the 18 and 12 foot anchorage basins and of the 18-foot channel in the main harbor, and of the channels in Yellow Mill Pond, Johnsons River, Black Rock Harbor, Cedar Creek, and Burr Creek (H. Doc. No. 898, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned docu- ment. - Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration, inspection, and surveys, and agunted to $2,663.79. Con4tion at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 64 per cent egpleted. The breakwaters were completed in 1908. The 22- foot channel, the 22-foot basin, the upper and lower portions of the 12-foot basin, the Poquonock River channel (except at East Wash- ington Avenue Bridge, which is to be rebuilt), the Burr Creek chan- nel, and the upper portions of the Yellow Mill, Johnsons River, and Cedar Creek channels have been dredged to project dimensions. In the main harbor an 18-foot channel 200 feet wide and two basins 500 feet wide and 18 feet and 12 feet deep, respectively, have been dredged on the old alignment. The lower Yellow Mill Channel has also been dredged to present project dimensions on the old align., ment. The Johnsons River channel'up to the turn above the ship- yard has been dredged 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide; and in Black Rock and Cedar Creek a channel of project depth has been dredged to a width of 100 feet. The entrance breakwaters are in need of repairs; the shore protection works on Fayerweather Island are in good condition, and the Fayerweather Island Breakwater and sea wall need slight repairs. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Main channel, to just inside the inner breakwater, 21 feet, and thence on the old align- ment 17 feet to the lower bridge; Poquonock River, 161 feet from Stratford Avenue to the East Washington Avenue Bridge; through the bridge 111 feet; from a point 100 feet above the bridge to a point opposite Black's coal dock, 16 feet and thence to the head of the improved channel, about 9 feet; Yellow Mill Channel, 12 feet to the south line of Willard Street and thence 9 feet nearly to the head of the improved channel; Johnsons River, 9 feet to the turn above the shipyard, and thence about 61 feet to the head of the channel; Black Rock Harbor, 101 feet to the head of navigation in both branches of Cedar Creek; Burr Creek, about 5 feet to its head; anchorage basins, 21, 17k, and 10 feet, respectively. To complete the project requires the widening and realignment of the 18-foot channel in the main harbor; the extension of the 18-foot and 12- foot anchorages; the realignment of the lower Yellow Mill Channel; the widening and deepening of the Johnsons River channel up to the turn above the shipyard; the widening of the Black Rock and Cedar Creek channels; and the deepening of the Poquonock River channel at East Washington Avenue Bridge. Expenditures under the ex- isting project have been $491,345.94 for new work and $83,464.25 for maintenance, a total of $574,810.19. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoptiori of the project or its modi- 236 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. fications. Dredging, totaling quite an extensive amount, has been done by private interests in various portions of the harbor, which has resulted in benefit to general navigation. The cost of this work is not known. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves an extensive wharf frontage divided approximately as follows: In the main harbor, both sides at the head, about 1 mile; Poquonock River, both sides, 1 mile; Yellow Mill Pond, both sides, not continuous, one-fourth mile; Cedar Creek, nearly 1 mile; Johnsons River, Burr Creek, and Black Rock, a few small, scattered wharves. The general type of wharf in use is a stone or timber bulkhead with pile apron in front. There are but few piers, and those small. The terminal and transfer facilities at the wharves of the larger manufacturing companies are efficient, and except at Johnsons River, Black Rock, and Burr Creek, one or more wharves in each of the above groups have direct railroad connections. The city owns one small wharf in the main harbor and a larger one in the upper Po- quonock. Except in Yellow Mill Pond and Burr Creek two or more wharves in each group are open to public use. While the existing wharves appear to be adequate for the present commerce, increased terminal and transfer facilities are desirable to :serve the increased commerce to be expected by a rapidly growing municipality. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement is to afford the city of Bridgeport the advantages of water transportation at greatly reduced rates. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds available for maintenance in accordance with the following estimate: Repairs to entrance breakwaters, 3,000 long tons, at $3____.------- $9, 000 Repairs to Fayerweather Island sea wall, mainly labor-________. 1,000 Maintenance dredging, Black Rock and Cedar Creek channels, 34,000 cubic yards, at 25 cents ------------------------------------ 8, 500 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ....-------- 1, 204 Total f1r maintenance ------------------------------------ 19,704 It is proposed to commence the repairs to the entrance breakwaters in the fall of 1919, and to complete the work in about two months. Repairs to the sea wall are not urgently required, and it is proposed to await more favorable operating conditions. The maintenance dredging in Black Rock and Cedar Creek should be prosecuted in conjunction with the further improvement of those channels. Pending a determination of the question whether the improve- ment authorized can be completed at a cost not greater than 40 per cent in excess of the estimate in the project document, as stipulated by the last paragraph of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, no actual work on the new project adopted by said act is contemplated, and no estimate for further appropriation is submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistic.-Theprincipal, items of freight for the cal- endar year were general merchandise, coal, sand and stone, iron and steel, and petroleum products, carried in steamers, barges and scows, RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 237 canal boats, and schooners, drawing from 5 to 20 feet. Over 80 per cent of the commerce of this harbor is carried on a draft of about 14 feet. One transportation line to New York was discontinued. Comparative statement. FreightFreight Calendar reight Passen- Calendar rPassen (short Value. (short Value. Pas year. tons). gers. year. tons). gers. 1914 . . 1,039,398 $67,003,507.55 96,892 1917......... 1,588,056 $124,522,773.00 126,779 1915......... 1,135,623 71,061,781.90 121,270 1918.... 1,604,804 1.. 138,999,392.00 89,342 1916......... 1,548,225 109,889,957.00 153,963 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- in receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $26,353.76: New work ---- -------------------------------- $869, 795. 47 MVaintenance .---------.... ---..-------------------- 95, 413.22 Net total expended---- ------------ 965, 208.69 Total appropriations to date of this report------ ---- 1, 096,131.96 Fiscal year ending Jane 0. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . Expended for new work t ....... $106.30 Expended for maintenance 1.............. $7,418.09 $2,664.06 $9, 773.21 $2, 556.73 2,557.49 Total expended I................... 7,418.09 2, 664.06-773.21 2155673 2,663.79 Appropriated or allotted.................. ..................... 24,000.00 111,300.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $22, 287. 06 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 111, 300.00 133, 587. 06 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work -------------------------------- $106.30 For maintenance ----------------------------- 2, 557.49 2, 663. 79 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--- ---------- 130, 923. 27 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-- ...... --------- 25. 05 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $19,704.52 available only for maintenance --------------------------------------- 130, 898. 22 15. SOUTHPORT HARBOR, CONN. (C8). Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound about 50 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of an outer bay about 1 mile wide, extending inland one-half mile, and the tidal portion of Mill River, about 1 mile long, narrow and entering the bay from the north. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. 238 REPORT OF fHIEF OF ENGI EERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Original conditions.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 2 feet at the entrance. At the head of the harbor, about three- quarters of a mile above the entrance the bottom was bare at low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829, and modified in 1876 and 1881. The amount expended prior to operations under that portion of the ex- isting project adopted by the act of June 13, 1902, was $26,087.43 for new work, and $5,000 for maintenance, a total of $31,087.43. Existing project.-This provides for a stone breakwater about 1,320 feet long at the mouth of the harbor; for a dike about 1,350 feet long along the easterly side of the harbor; for a channel 6 feet deep, 100 feet wide from the 6-foot curve in Long Island Sound to the second turn inside of the breakwater, thence 75 feet wide upstream as far as the docks, and thence 60 feet wide along the dock front; for an anchorage basin 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide outside of the chan- nel; and for the removal of ledge rock to depth of 7 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 6.6 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 11 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1911, is $33,670.98, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $700. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1829, provided for the breakwater and dike (Annual Report for 1871, p. 824); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the present channel dimensions, the anchorage basin, and the removal of ledge rock (Annual Report for 1911, p. 1245). For map see Annual Report for 1886, page 648. Operations and results during fiscal year.--None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1917. The breakwater and dike were completed in 1838, and the channels and basin, 95 per cent completed by the United States in 1914, were completed by private interests in 1916 and 1917. The breakwater and dike are in fair condition. The controlling depth is about 6 feet at mean low water. The expenditures under the existing project have been $33,125.60 for new work and $2,604.12 for maintenance, a total of $35,729.72. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. The break- water was kept in repair at local expense in the interval between its completion, in 1837, and the resumption of operations by the United States in 1876. During 1916 hydraulic dredging for land reclama- tion to the extent of nearly a million cubic yards by the Country Club of Fairfield materially deepened and widened the channel from about 1,000 feet outside of the breakwater to the end of the upper docks and completed the anchorage basin. Terminal facilities.-Commercial wharfage is limited to about 100 feet of bulkhead wall, with very limited cargo handling facilities. This wharf is open to public use. Several other wharves are used as landings for pleasure craft. There are no publicly owned wharves. Direct connection with the railroad is not available. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a RIV]RS ANI HARBORS-NEW LONDON, OONN., DISTRXCT. 239 full description of terminal facilities, see House Document N~o. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to beneft the operations of those engaged in oyster fishery and pleasure boating rather than to reduce the freight rates. Proposed operations.- None. The project is completed. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-on. Commercial statistics.-The freight for the calendar year was limited to .a small amount of shellfish carried in a light-draft sloop. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.....................5,16 $25, 050 1917............... ]9 $1,000 1915............. ...... 20 1,2)0 1918........ ......... 11 800 1916......... ........ ... 3,381 22,246 Financial summary. Amount expended on a41l projects to June 30, 1919: . New work--- - -------------------------------------- $59, 213.03 Maintenance. --- - --------------------------- 7, 604. 12 Net toal expended----------------------------------66 817. 15 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 66, 935.94 Fisca year etqing June 30 1915 1916 1917 191$ 1919 Expended for new work................. .. ............ .. .. ......... Expended for maintenance............. .$123.70 $31.43 $102.51 $78.96- ........... Appropriated or alotted.......... . July 1, 191, balance unexpended ------------------------------ $118.79 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---..-.------- 118. 79 16. WESTPORT HARBOR AND SATJGATUTOCK RIVER, CONN. (09). Location and description.-SaugatuckRiver has its source in west- -ea Connecticut, ews southerly about 20 miles, draining about 92 square miles, and empties into Long Island Sound, 46 miles east of New York City. Discharge data are not available. The tidal and navigable portion of the river extends from Long Island Sound to Westport; the village of Saugatuck is located on the west side, about 1J miles below Westport. For about 2 miles below Westport the river is from 200 to $00 feet wide; thence to the mouth it is a broad, shallow bay with a narrow but comparatively deep channel along the westerly and southerly sides. See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 59. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 9 feet in the channel in the bay, thenc 5 feet to a point 3 miles above 125851--ENG 1919-16 240 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. the mouth, above which the depth decreased to less than 1 foot at the head of commercial navigation at Westport, 4 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827, and modified by the river and har- bor act of July 4, 1836. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was: $16,944, for new work; and $2,500, for maintenance; a total of $19,444. For further details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1758. Existing project.-This provides for a riprap breakwater about 540 feet lone at Cedar Point; for a channel 4 feet deep and 60 feet wide up to Westport; for removing the ledge opposite Stony Point; and for removing bowlders from the channel. The plane of refer- ence is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 7 feet. The extreme tidal range due to the combined effects of wind and other causes is 11 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in '1896, is $18,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. There is no estimate for maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1827, provided for the Cedar Point breakwater; the act of June 13, 1892, provided for the channel in the river (H. Doc. No. 179, 51st Cong., 2d sess. and Annual Report for 1891, p. 840); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the removal of bowlders and ledge (H. Doc. No. 67, 54th Cone., 1st sess., and An- nual Report for 1896, p. 806). For map, see House Document No. 148, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fical year.-The existing project is 70 per cent completed. The breakwater was completed in 1870, and the ledge opposite Stony Point removed in 1908. Some of the obstruc- tive bowlders have been removed and a channel 4 feet deep, but deficient in width, dredged to Westport. The breakwater is in fair condition. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Nine feet through the bay, thence 6 feet to Saugatuck, thence 2 feet to the lower wharves, and less than 1 foot to the upper wharves" at Westport. To complete the project requires further removal of bowlders and dredging to full project dimensions in the upper portion of the channel. The expenditure under the existing project has been $15,160.55 for new work and $860.44 for maintenance, a total of $16,020.99. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves one wharf at Saugatuck, one on the river, and four at Westport. These wharves are of the bulkhead and apron type. None of these wharves has direct railroad connections. There are no publicly owned wharves, but three of the above are open to public use. The facilities are con- sidered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvements made have not been sufficient to materially decrease freight rates, which are much higher in this harbor than in any other improved harbor in this vicinity. RIVERS AND MARBORS---NEW 0NN., DISTRICT. LF DONN, 241 Proposed operations.-None. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of July, 10, 1913, the Chief of Engineers recommended, subject to certain condi- tions, the adoption of a new project to provide increased depth and width of channel, at a cost of $21,000 for new work and $300 annually for maintenance, in accordance with a plan contained in House Document No. 148, Sixty-third Conrtgress, first session; and under date of July 23, 1915, the Chief of Engineers recommended the abandonment of the existing project. (See H. Doc. No. 404, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) References to published article not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal item of freight reported for the calendar year was coal, carried in scows and barges drawing from 7 to 9J feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914................... 15,612 $00,879.55 1917.......... .... 10,513 $59,042.00 1915.................... 6.033 25,857.30 1918.... .............. 8,390 71,940.00 1916 ................... 18,694 83,002.00 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $126.13: New work ------------------------------------------ $32, 104. 55 Maintenance -3, 360.44 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 35, 464.99 Total appropriations to date of this report -- --------------- 35, 464. 99 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.......... . . . . . . . . . ...................................................... . .. Expended for maintenance) . $222. 38 .... ................. ..... ........ Appropriated or allotted................ .. .... . ... .... . ... .. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------------------- $3, 000. 00 17. NORWALK HARBOR, CONN. (C10). Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 44 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of a broad outer bay, also known as Sheffield Island Harbor; an inner harbor, about one-half mile wide and l1 miles long; and the tidal portion of Norwalk River, l1 miles long, narrow and crooked. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 5 feet to South Norwalk, about 3 miles, and thence to Norwalk, about 242 REPORT OF GRIEF OF ENGINEERS, T. S. ARMY, 1919. 1 miles, the river was nearly bare at low tide. The head of naviga- tion was at Norwalk. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and modified in 1880 and 1894. A second project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, was extended by the act of March 2, 1907, to provide a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the railroad bridge at South Nor- walk up to Norwalk, with a basin of the same depth at the head of navigatio~, and a c~n 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide to the docks at East Norwalk. The amount expended prior to operationis under the existing project was $162,516.81 for new work, $45,493.32 for nintiage, a total Qf $039,00.13. For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1757. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep from the outer harbor to the highway bridge at South Norwalk, about 3J miles, 200 feet wide to Dorlons Point, thence 150 feet wide to South Norwalk, and 250 feet wide along the South Norwalk wharves; an anchorage basin 10 feet deep and about 17 acres in area opposite the entrance to East Norwalk; a channel 10 feet deep and generally 100 feet wide from South Norwalk to the head of navigation at Norwalk, about 1.5 miles; and for the maintenance of the channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide along the east side of the harbor to the head of navigation at East Norwalk. The reference plane is mean low water, the mean tidal range being .8 feet. The maximum range due to the combined effect of wind and other causes is 12 feet or more. The estimate otf eoe rnew work, made in 1914, is $206,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919,) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000 for the first three years and $4,000 thereafter. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 1143, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) For the latest published map see the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration and inspection and amounted to $504.05, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work on the existing project has not been commenced. Under a previous project a channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide, increased to 250 and 300 feet at the bends, had been dredged to SQuth Norwalk, and thence 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide up to Norwalk, with a branch channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide from the main channel along the East Norwalk water front. The width of these channels is somewhat diminished and the East Norwalk channel has shoaled considerably. The controlling depths in the present channels at mean low water are: To Washington Street Bridge at South Norwalk, 10 feet thence to the railroad bridge, 9 feet; thence to Norwalk, 7 feet; and in the East Norwalk channel, about 4 feet. The head of navigation is at Norwalk. No expendi- tures have been made under the existing project. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the existing project with the proviso that no part of the appropriation "shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that local interests will con- struct such public wharfage facilities as, in his opinion, are re- quired in the interest of commerce." RIVERS AlD HARBORS---NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 243 The requirements of the ~ct hive not been met. It is understood, however, that the proper local authorities will take during the fall of 1919 the necessary steps to insure a compliance with the terms of the act. It is expected that the required conditions will be met before the close of the calendar year. Ter minal facilities.-The wharves in Norwalk Harbor line the west bank for over a half mile at South Norwalk and surround, with a frontage of over 2,000 feet, the basin at the head of navigation in Norwalk. There are also a few small wharves on the East Norwalk shore. The general type of construction is a stone or timber bulk- head with earth fill, in front of which is a narrow pile apron, except that the lower wharves at South Norwalk are narrow, open pile piers with slips 100 to 200 feet long between them. A majority of these wharves are private, but one or more in each group are open to pub- lic use. There are no publicly owned terminals. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement is essential to the water- borne commerce of the locality and has effected a material reduction in freight rates. Proposed operations.-itis proposed to apply the funds available for maintenance in accordance with the foeowing estimte: Dredging at South Norwalk, between South Norwalk and Norwalk, 20,000 cubic yards, at 35 dints-------------------------- $7,000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ------------------------ 402 total for knaintenance----------------------------------7,402 No estimate for additional funds is submitted, as conditions of local cooperation have not yet been met. Pending a determination of the question whether the improvement authorized oan be com- pleted at a cost not greater than 40 per cent in excess of the esti- mate in the project document, as stipulated by the last paragraph of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, no atual work on the new project adopted by said act is contem- plated. Recommended modification of projeet.--Nn . References to published articles not previously eported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were general merchandise, coal, oysters, and shells, wood pulp, and sand, carried in steamers, barges, scows, schooners, and sloops drawing from 4 to 15 feet. Decreases in tonnage and value are due to curtailed receipts of all principal items. The bulk of this commerce is carried on a draft of about 12 feet, the oyster trade and an occasional deep-draft schooner furnishing the lower and upper limits above mentioned. Compamust s atenent. viW~e. Olndr 3year. C244 .REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financialsummary. Ainounit expended for all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc.:, amontintg to $1,013.08: New work.. -------------------------------------- $162, 516. 81 Maintenance 493. 32 __45, 45433 Mainenane------------------------------ ------- Net total expended ------------------------------ 208, 010. 13 Total appropriations to date of this report-...-- - -- 803, 413.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........... .............. .......... Expended for maintenances.............. $976.26 $1,817.96 $1,130.19 58,196.41 $50 4.05 Appropriated or allotted.................. ........ ... 5,00000 8,000.00 88,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $7,906.92 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 88.000.00 95, 906. 92 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenancei 504. 05 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ------------- --------------- 95,402.87 18. FIVEMILE RIVER HARBOR, CONN. (Cl1). Location and description.- This harbor is a tidal inlet about 1 mile long and from 100 to 1,000 feet in width, on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 41 miles east of New York City. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Originalcondition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 3 feet at the mouth, the upper part of the harbor being bare. The head of navigation was about 1 mile from the harbor mouth. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide, 8 feet deep, and 6,000 feet long. The depth refers to mean low water, the mean tidal range being 7.2 feet. The extreme tidal range due to the effect of wind and other causes is 12 feet ormarore. The estimate, of cost for new work, revised in 1894, is $45,000. The latest (1894) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 639). For map see House Document No. 1419, Sixty-third Congress, third session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 82 per cent completed. A channel of project dimensions has been dredged about 5,300 feet up the harbor, and thence about 200 feet farther with project depth and widths of 25 to 75 feet. The head of navigation is about 1 mile from the harbor mouth. The controlling depth at mean low water through the improved channel is 8 feet for the first half mile, about 7 feet for the next 2,000 feet, and thence gradually diminishing to about 3 feet at the head. The work required to com- plete the project is the widening and extension of the inner end of the RIVERS AND HARBORS---NEW LONDON, CONN. DISTRICT. 245 channel for a distance of about 700 feet. The expenditures have been $35,490.44 for new work and $10,746.65 for maintenance, a total of $46,237.09. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The commercial wharves in this harbor were formerly used principally in the oyster industry. A few are now so used to a small extent and the remainder serve as landings for pleasure craft. Most of the structures are solid filled bulkheads and the rest small open-pile piers, all without mechanical facilities for unloading cargo. They have adequate highway, but no railroad con- nections. There are no publicly owned terminals, but most of the wharves are open to public use at the owners' convenience. The facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The benefit of the improvement lies in facilitating the operation of vessels employed in the oyster industry rather than in a reduction in freight rates. Proposed Operations.-None, other than such maintenance with available funds as may be necessary to meet the current needs of navigation. Recommended modifications of project.--Under date of December 15, 1914, the Chief of Engineers recomnended that the pr oject be modified to omit all work above a pbint 8,800 feet from the inner end of the entrance channel. (H. Doc. No. 1419, 63d Cong., 3d sess.) References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were oysters and oyster shells, carried in vessels drawing from 2 to 7 feet. The tonnage, being dependent almost ent ireyon the 'oyster business, is variable. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914................... 10, 118 140, 316.58 1917................. 1,435 $19,91.00 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts froni sales, etc., amounting to $105.11: New work----------------------------------------------- $35, 490.44 Maintenance ---------------------------------------------- 10, 746. 65 Net total expended.-------------- -- -- ------.. 46,237. 09 Total appropriation to date of this report------------------------ 49, 140. 44 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work... .......... ..... ....................... Expended for maintenilice 1........... $18.1 ............ $22.66 $7.33 .......... Appropriated or allotted......... ... " . ... .. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 6 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. M 1',11, bane b1 iipended--...-------------------------$2,903.35 t 1, 1919, balhtnce anex~penc d - ----------- ,03. 35 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------- --- 9, 510. 00 19. STAMFOR1D HARBOR, CONN. (i12). Loca tion and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 36 miles east of New York City. It consists of a bay about 2 miles wide at its mouth and extending inland 1 miles, from which two tidal inlets, known as the east and west branches, 1 and 1 miles long, respectively, extend northerly into the city of Stamford. The east branch known locally as the " Canal," is largely artificiali the west branch is the tidal portion of Mill River, a small fresh-water stream. See tr S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Origina condiQion.-The minimum usable low-water depth in the westbranch was from 1 to 3 feet at the head, increasing in the bay to 12 feet; the depth in ihe east branch was small, but this branch had been straightened and, dredged about 6J feet deep and 60 feet wide by private enterprise before its improvement was begun by the United States. The head of navigation in the east and west branches was and is about 1 and 1$ miles, respectively above the head of the bay. Mill River is said to have been originally navigable by schoon- ers for a considerable distance above the Oliver Street Bridge, at the head of the existiFg west branch channel. Previousfr et.---The original project was adopted by the act of August 4, 188 A second p ject, adopted by the act of July 13, 1892, and modiied in 1901 by {art aental authority, provided for a channel in the west branch 7 feet deep at mean low water, 150 feet wide, and about 1 miles long, with a basin of the same depth between harbor lines at the head of the harbor, and in the east branch a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water, and 100 feet wide for a length of about 8,5 5 feet, and from about 80 to 125 feet wide for about 1,200 feet farther to the head of the harbor. The amount ex- pended prior to operations under the existing project was $135,142.85 foci new Work, $45,776.27 for iiiiateince; a total, of $18$0,919.12. For further details of previous project see Annual Report for 1915, page 1758. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide about 0.6 mile long; a channel in the east branch 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide, with increased width at the turns, to a point 1,100 feet from the head of navigation, thence of the same depth and from 85 to 125 feet wide tq the head.f navig,- tion, a total distance of about 1.5 miles; a channel in the west branch 9 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and about three-quarters mile long, anid a basin of the same depth and 200 feet wide at the head of the har- bor. The plane o f reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 7.3 f~t. The extrente tidal trange, due to the tomnbined effects of wmind and other causes, is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1914, is $183,000, exclusive of 'amuhitsex- 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW LONDON, CON1'2., DISTRICT. 247 ended on previous projects. The latest (1914) a'pproved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1019 (. Doc. No. 1130, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. A public hearing was held with relation to the modification of harbor lines. Expenditures were for administration and inspec- tion, and aynounted to .$~t.8, applied to m'lainYnance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work on the existing project has not been commenced. Under a previous project channels have been dredged through the entrance and in the east branch 9 feet deep and generally 100 feet wide, and through the west branch 7 feet deep arid 150 feet wide, with an anchorage basin of the same depth at the head of the branch. The controlling depths at mean low water are: In the entrance and east branch nearly 9 feet to the steamboat wharf, thence diminishig to about 3 feet at the extreme head, 1,200 feet above; in the west branch 7 feet to the basin; and in the basin from 5 to 7 f'eet. the channel widths in both branches are somewhat diminished.' There has been no expenditure under the existing project. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the existing project with the provisos " That lio expense shall be incurred by the United States for aCequrin any lands re- quired for the purpose of this improvement " and aThat no 'part of the appropriation shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactorly a suranCes that local interests will con- struct a suitable public wharf." Funds have been appropriated by the city of Stamford for the construction of a wharf on property recently acquired in the east branch of the harbor. Action on the first proviso is now being taken by the local authorities, and it i expected that the conditions of cooperation as named in the act will be met by about September 1. Prior to the adoption of the original projeet, a channel 6 feet deep and 60, feet wide had been dredged to the head of the east branch by private interests, at a cost said to be about $250,000. Terminal facilities.-Practically all of the wharves served by this improvement are of the shore-line bulkhead type, either with or without pile aprons. In the west branch they surround the basin at the head of the channel. The total frontage developed is approxi- matel.y one-half mile. Three wharves are open to public use, the others are for the owners' use exclusively. In the.east branch the wharves are located on both sides of the channel within 3,000 feet of its head. The upper 1,300 feet of frontage on each side is con- tinuoius. Over 700 feet df this frontage is open to public use. Rail- road connection exists at the head of the branch and along the wharves on the west side. There are no publicly owned terminals in 'neither htanch bit the city of Stamford contemplates constructing one in the east branch. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the city of Stamford increased facilities for water tyansportation, with a con- sequent reduction in freight rates. 24 8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT.S. ARMY, 1919. Proposed ,operations.-Itis proposed to apply the .funds available for maintenance only in accordance with the following estimate: Maintenance dredging in channels and basin, 33,000 cubic yards, at 37 cents----------------- .--------------- $12, 210 Administration, inspection, and contingencies . 1--------- _-- 1,209 Total for maintenance ... _____--------------------------------- 13,419 No estimate for additional funds is submitted, as all conditions of local cooperation have not as yet been met. Pending a determina- tion of the question whether the improvement authorized can be completed at a cost not greater than 40 per cent in excess of the estimate in the project document, as stipulated by the last paragraph of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, no actual work on the new project adopted by said act is contemplated. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, general merchandise, sand and stone, earths and ores, and petroleum products, carried in steamers, barges, scows, canal boats, and schooners drawing from 6 to 15 feet. The bulk of the traffic in the east branch is handled on a draft of from 11 to 12 feet and in the west branch on about 9 to 10 feet draft. Decreiase in tonnage is due largely to a marked falling off in receipts of gen- eral merchandise and earths and ores. Increase in value is due to general increases in valuation of freight. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Passen- Calendar Short Passen- year. tons. gers year. tons. gers. 1914........... 26.3,331 810,456,050.03 11,450 1917............ 315,159 1$19.258,529.00. 1915......... 356.768 17,843,810.04 11,110 1918.......... 277,955 28,355,122.00. 1916.......... . 401,359 22, 708 426.88 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $420.45: New work-------- ------------ --------------------- $135, 142. 85 Maintenance---..------------------------------------- 45, 776. 27 Net total expended_----_--------__ --------------------- 180, 919. 12 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 377, 360. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........ ....... ....... ........ Expended for maintenance 1.............. 671.33 474.,53 9,166. 23 81,392.29 $611.18 Appropriated or allotted............. .. .................... ......... 14,000.00 183,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 'RIVERS AND IHABIBOS-NEW LONDONE"CONN. DISTRICT. i 249 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended----- -------- --- $14, 052. 59 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919---- --------------------------------------- 183, 000. 00 197, 052. 59 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance. 611. 18 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---------- _--196, 441. 41 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--- -------------------------- 22. 05 Jul 1, 1919, balance available, including $13,419.36 available only for maintenance------------------------------------- 196, 419. 86 20. GREENWICH HARBOR, CONN. (C 13). Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 30 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of a shallow cove, varying in width from about 1,500 to 200 feet, and extending northward about 3,000 feet from a broad outer bay known as Captains Harbor. See United States Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 52. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 6 feet at the lower docks, decreasing to 2 feet at the head of the harbor, which was also the head of navigation, about 0.6 mile above the outer bay. Previous projects.-The original project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for a channel 90 feet wide from the outer bay to the causeway at the head of navigation, 9 feet deep to the steamboat wharf and 6 feet deep above, the upper end to be enlarged to form a turning basin. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was $17,017.19 for new work, and $10,099.54 for maintenance, a total of $27,116.73. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep, from the 12-foot curve in Long Island Sound to a point 500 feet from the causeway at the head of the harbor, about 1.2 miles, 130 feet wide in the outer harbor and 100 feet wide along the water front. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 7.5 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1919, is $49000. The latest (1913) approved estimate for annual cost:o6imaintenanree i $2,250. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 289, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map, see the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Contract was entered into for dredging under the existing project and for maintenance, but work was not begun. Expenditures were for administration and inspection, and amounted to $72.83 for new work and $13.50 for maintenance, a total of $86.33. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work on the existing project had not been begun. Under the previous project a channel 90 feet wide and 9 feet deep had been dredged up to the steamboat wharf, and thence 6 feet deep to the head of navigation, the upper end enlarged to form a basin. The controlling depths at mean low water are about 8 feet to steamboat wharf and nearly 7 feet in the upper chan- nel and basin. The expenditures under the existing project have been $72.83, applied to new work. 250 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S, ARMY, 1919. Local cooperation.--No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. A small amount of dredging has been done by private interests at an un- known cost that has provided additional anchorage space and has tended to redude the cost of subsequent operations by the United States. Terminal facilities.-There are eight wharves of the bulkhead and apron type along the eastern side of the channel and at the head of the harbor, five of which are in commercial use, and also several land- ings for pleasure craft. Public use of several of these wharves mnay be had by special agreement. There is no direct physical connection with the railroad, The town of Greenwich owns two small unim- ~roved wharves, neither of which is accessible to commercial vessels. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. or a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 2:196 Sixty-third Congress, first session. : fect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the town of Greenwich added facilities for water transportation and has tended to reduce freight rates. Proposed operations.-On account of insufficient funds, dodging now under contract will not complete the work authorized under the existing project. A channel of full length and depth, but of ;educed width will be obtained. To secure the permanency of this channel and for economy in maintenance, full width should be secured as soon as possible after the completion of the present work. The following'estimate is submitted for additional funds required during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for completing the improvement: -...... Dredging 34,000 cubic yards, at 36 cents .... $-12, 240 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ____ __-_______.1, 760 Total ------------------------------------------------ 14,000 The above estimate is for new work. No estimate for maintenance is submitted at this time as the completion of the present and pro- posed work should leave the channel in a satisfactory condition for at least two seasons. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Ref erences to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, general merchandise, sand and stone, and building materials, carried in steamers, scows, barges, canal boats, and schooners drawing from 6 to 13 feet. The larger part of the above commerce is handled on a draft of from 10 to 12 feet, the vessels grounding at their berths at low water. Decrease in tonnage is due to curtailment of receipts of sand, stone, and building material. Increase ih valiue is due to increased valuation of general merchan- dise freight. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Passen- Calendar Short Valu. Passen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. gers. 1914......... 119,677 $6,550, 723.'00 40, 000 1917.......... 112,198 $8,397,884.00 40,000 1915. 96,632 2, 780.58 27,900 1918.......... 77,025 13, 380, 230.00 28, 000 1916.......... 139,704 5, 239,121.47 8,000 _ LI RIVERS AND .$ARBORS---NTW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. 251 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $247.26: New work _------_---_------- $17, 090. 02 Maintenance ___----------------------------------------- 10, 099. 54 Net total expended- __ - -- _ 27, 189. 56 Total appropriations to date of this' report 996. 53 6---------------------4, Fiscal year ending June 30. 19015 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1............... ... .... ........ . . . $72. 83 Expended for maintenance 1............... ... .... .. 106. 70 13 50 Total expended 1.............. .. .. ........... ...... 106.70 86. 33 Appropriated or allotted ............... ... . ............ ........... , 000. 00 35, 000. 0 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 198, balance unexpended $2, 893. 30 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 35, 000. 00 37, 893. 30 June 301 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work---------------------------------$72. 83 For mat teni __L _ 5-------------------------- 86. 33 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------------- 37, 806. 97 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------------$28. 01 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 37, 778. 96 37, 806. 97 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------ .------------------------------14, 000. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work--------------------------------- 114,000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR QROUP C. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $34,463.58: New work --- --------------------------- ----- $4, 151, 980. 75 Maintenance_------------______ _ 575, 733. 47 Net total expeded-- ---------------------------- 4, 727; 714. 22 Totar appropriations to date of this report ____-- ____---___ 5, 271, 417. 52 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................. $90,805.69 $56, 512.92 $10, 231.54 $55,794.88 $179.13 Expended for maintenance s............... 22, 284. 24 22, 808.12 49, 548. 86 13, 720. 30 14, 483. 52 Total expended ................ 113, Q89.93 79,321.04 59,780.40 69,515.18 14, 662.65 Appropriated or allotted.. ........... 14,)o400 .......... 88,0W. 00 74,000.00 462, 300.00 ftiiwls. 2 Not d~d~1o~i~g receipte ~va~ ~a1es, etc. Exclusive ot available SExclusive of availw~~e find.. 2 Not ddu44ipg receipts frsi ales,~e etc. 252 "REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------ ---------- ---- $96, 184. 74 amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918- 22,000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919-- ---------------------------------------- ---- 440, 300.00 558, 484. 74 Deduction on account of amount returned to the Treasury-------- 118. 79 558, 365: 95 June 30, 1919, amount expended durinugfiscal year:. For new work__------------- __ _- _- __------ $179. 13 For maintenance---- ------------------------ 14, 483. 52 14, 662. 65 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--------------------------- 543,703. 30 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------------------- 97. 36 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted. contracts- 79, 743. 80 79, 841. 16 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $70,170.73, available only for maintenance ------------------------------------ 463, 862. 14 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---_---------- --------------------- 185, 660.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work..--------------------------------------14, 000. 00 For maintenance______-------- ------ ------- 51, 000. 00 Total--------- --------------------------------- 65,000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY. THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 4, 19151 AND JULY 27, 1916. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelim- inary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and July 27, 1916, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly strbmitted when received: 1. New Haven Harbor, Conn., with a view to cooperation with local interests for further developments. 2. Naugatuck River, Conn., between head of navigation at Derby and Waterbury, Conn. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST NEW YORK, N.Y., DISTRICT. Effective April 1, 1919, the district theretofore known as the sec- ond New York district was abolished and the works of improvement included therein, together with the duties, personnel, records, funds, and property pertaining thereto, were transferred to and consoli- dated with the first New York district. Thus reorganized, the first New York district includes all of the principal channels and anchorages of the greater part of the lower and upper bays, New York Harbor, from the Battery, New York City, to the Atlantic Ocean; the rivers and harbors of Long Island, N. Y., Long Island Sound, and the rivers and harbors on its northern shore west of the Connecticut boundary line; East River from the head of Long Island Sound at Throgs Neck to the Battery, New York City, including its tributaries from the north; Hudson River Exclusive of availaable funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 253 and tributaries to the head of navigation about 250 miles north from the Battery; and Lake Champlain and tributaries from Whitehall, N. Y., to the Canadian border. District engineer: Col. S. W. Roessler, United States Army, re- tired, to March 13, 1919; Col. Edward Burr, Corps of Engineers, since that date. -District engineer, formerl:second:district; Brig. Gen. Theodore A. Bingham, United States Army, retired to March 13, 1919; Col. Ed- ward Burr, Corps of Engineers, after that date to March 31, 1919. Division engineer: Brig. Gen. William T. Rossell, United States Army, retired, to November 30, 1918; Brig. Gen. Theodore A. Bing- ham, United States Army, retired, after that date to May 31, 1919, on which date the first New York district was temporarily with- drawn from the northeast division and the district engineer was given the powers of division engineer. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Port Chester Harbor, N. Y. 18. New York Harbor: Bay Ridge (Al)........ ........ 253 and Red Hook Channels.... 302 2. Mamaroneck Harbor, N. Y. 19. New York Harbor: Gowanus (A2)........... ...... 256 Creek Channel.............. 304 3.Echo Bay Harbor, N. Y. (A3). 259 20. East River, N. Y.............. 306 4.East Chester Creek, N. Y. (A4). 262 21. Wallabout Channel, N. Y..... 315 5.Westchester Creek, N. Y. (A5). 265 22. Newtown Creek, N. Y........ 316 6,Bronx River, N. Y. (A6)..... 268 23. Harlem River, N. Y.......... 320 7.Harbor at Flushing Bay, N. Y. 273 24. Hudson River Channel, N. Y.. 324 8.Hempstead Harbor, N. Y.... 275 25. New York Harbor: Collection 9.Huntington Harbor, N. Y .... 277 of drift........ . .......... 329 10.Port Jefferson Harbor, N. Y... 279 26. Tarrytown Harbor, N. Y. (B1). 330 .11. Mattituck Harbor, N. Y.... 282 27. Peekskill Harbor, N. Y. (B2). 333 12.Great South Bay, N. Y.. 284 28. Wappinger Creek, N. Y. (B3). 335 13.Browns Creek, N. Y............ 286 29. Saugerties Harbor, N. Y. (B4). 337 14.Jamaica Bay, N. Y........... 288 30. Rondout Harbor, N. Y. (B5).. 340 15.Sheepshead Bay, N. Y......... 292 31. Hudson River, N. Y.... .. 343 16.New York Harbor: Ambrose, 32. Operating and care of lock and Main Ship, Bayside, and dam in Hudson River at Gedney Channels, including STroy, N. Y.................. 350 Upper Bay and Craven 33. Narrows of Lake Champlain, Shcal, and channel between N. Y. and Vt. (Cl)... 351 Staten Island and Hoffman 34. Burlingtcn Harbor, Vt. (C2).. 354 and Swinburne Islands..... 294 35. Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y. (C3). 357 17. New York Harbor: Coney Is- 36. Port Henry Harbor, N. Y. (C4). 359 land Channel............. 300 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OP WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 2205 TO 2274. PORT CHESTER, MAMARONECK, AND ECHO BAY HARBORS, EAST CHESTER AND WESTCHESTER CREEKS, AND BRONX RIVER, N. Y. (GROUP A). 1. PORT CHESTER HARBOR, N. Y. (A1), Location and description.-This harbor, located at the boundary between the States of New York and Connecticut, and about 32 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, consists of the Byram River and a shallow bay at its mouth, about 100 acres in extent, opening into Long Island Sound. About 1 mile above its mouth, at 254 RIPO T OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. the head of navigation, the river is crossed by a fixed bridge. The source of the river is about 13 miles north of the bridge. Below the bridge the river is tidal.and from 100 to 300 feet wide. The bay is protected from storms in the Sound by Manursing Island on the south and a breakwater extending out from Byram Point on the east. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The river had a mean low-water depth of about 1 foot. Salt Rock in the river and Sunken Rock in the bay were considered to, be dangerous obstructions. The head of naviga- tion was and is at the fixed bridge, about 1j miles from Long Island Sound. Previous pWojets,-The original project for improvement, adopted June 10, 1872, was modified i.n 884 and enlarged Mo.reh , 1899, and March 2, 1907. There was expended under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1910, $74,995.10 for new work and $16,369.12 for maintenance, a total of $91,364.22. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1758. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from Long Island Sound to the mouth of the river at the southerly point of. Fox Island; thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide to 900 feet below the fixed bridge at Mill Street, in Port Chester, including a turning basin opposite the steam- boat landing; and thence, 3 feet :deep and 175 to 100 feet wide to 100 feet below the fixed bridge. The length of the section included in the project is about 1ji miles. Mean tidal range, 7.29 feet; the extreme range under odinary opditions is about 9 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $188,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance after completion is $4,400. .The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 1165, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures during the year amounted to $38.12; they were in payment of contingent expenses, and are chargeable to maintenance. There was reimbursed to the appropriations for this harbor $624.55 on account of the transfer of floating plant to other works of improvement. This amount has been credited to expenditures heretofore made for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 64 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The controlling depth through a channel of navigable width is about 12 feet up to Fox Island;. thence about 9 feet up to about 1,800 feet above Fox Island; thence about 8 feet up to just below the steamboat wharf; thence to Willet Avenue the controlling depth in the westerly side of the turning basin is about 10 feet, and in the easterly side about 9 feet; above this no work has been done, and the existing depths are 2 feet or less. To complete the project the following work remains to be done: Widening the channel from the entrance at Long Island Sound up to the vicinity of Fox Island; widening and deepening the channel at and above Fox Island to about 700 feet below the steamboat land- ing; and excavating the channel of 3 feet projected depth imme- RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 255 diately below the fixed bridge. In the prosecution of this work both dredging and rock removal will be required. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $124,318.97-$121,065.43 for new work and $3,253.54 for mainte- nance. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law re- quiring local cooperation. About 1893 the local authorities, aided by private interests, expended $1,200 in dredging the channel above Fox Island previously excavated by the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 20 in number, with avail- able dockage of 3,987 feet, are located on Byram River at and be- tween Fox Island and the fixed bridge; one of these is connected with the main line of railroad by spur track. One terminal, with available dockage of 75 feet, is publicly owned; 18, with available dockage of 3,912 feet, are privately owned; and one consists of an earth slope occupied by a trestle supporting a pipe line. Other de- tails are as follows: 12 with available dockage of 2,588 feet consist of solid fills behind stone bulkheads ; 6 with available dockage of 1,099 feet consist of 90 feet of solid fills behind stone bulkheads and 1,009 feet of open pile with solid fills behind stone bulkheads in rear; 1 with available dockage of 300 feet consists of a solid fill behind a tim- ber bulkhead ; and 1 consists of a pile trestle supporting a pipe line. The existing facilities appear to be adequate for existing com- merce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Docu- ment No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Transportation by water has been ren- dered easier and safer, while the draft and registered tonnage of the largest vessels entering the harbor have increased. The financial benefits to the locality are indicated by the amount saved through the use of water instead of rail transportation for building materials and coal. This saving amounted to about $39,800 in 1918. Proposed operations.-The funds available on June 30, 1919, are to be expended in payment of such minor liabilities pertaining to this work as may be necessarily incurred. Further prosecution of this project is not deemed essential at this time, and no estimate for funds is submitted. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published ar.ticles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, steel manufactures, pig and scrap iron, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.................. 199,128 $5,055,017 1917_......... .......... 210,614 $18,686,375 1915 .................. 206,51 56 9976999 1918 ............... 120,336 12,292,639 1916 .................. 208,897 18,159,717 Passengers carried, none reported. 125851-ENG 1919--17 256 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. About 53,600 short tons of package freight were carried by a regu- lar steamship line between Port Chester and New York city. A num- ber of small pleasure craft use the harbor during the summer season. The tonnage for 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: UIsuallimit Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel (feet). Building nmaterials............................................................. 11 6-1 Steel manufactr ..................................................... ....... 9 8-11 General nerchandise.................... .................................. 56 8-11 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting re- :dceipts from sales, etc., amounting to $29.02: New work......... ...... ........................... .. $196, 060.53 Maintenance .................. ........................ 19, 622.66 Net total expended ............. . . ....... ..... .. 215, 683.19 Total appropriations to date of this report.... -.........-.-... ...... 216, 500.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1......... .... 14, 425. 47 $9,081.45 $33, 023.13 $874.91 .... Expended for maintenance 1... .. 870. 76 797.54 1,548. 62 ........ $38. 12 Totalexpended 1.............. 15296.23 9,878.99 34,571.75 .874.91 38.12 Appropriated or allotted.................. 20,000.00 ........... 34,500.00 500.00 .......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended- ------------ -------- $228. 88 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919___ ------- _ -- 626. 05 854. 93 June 30, amount expended during 19191 for maintenance- 38.12 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-- --------------------------- 816. 81 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities --------- ___----_------- - 13. 72 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance ______- __ 803. 09 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- -------------------------------------- 266, 120. 00 2. MAMARONECK HARBOR, N. Y. (A2). Location and description.-This harbor, situated on the north shore of Long Island Sound about 5 miles west of the Connecticut State line and about 27 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, consists of a tidal inlet opening into a shallow bay about 1 square mile in area. Mamaroneck River, the source of which is about 7 miles north of the harbor, empties into the inlet at the head ' Not deducting receipts from sales, eto. a Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 257 of navigation, which is marked by a fixed bridge at the Boston Post Road in the village of Mamaroneck, about 1 mile above the head of the bay. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart.No. 52. Original condition.-A narrow winding channel passed to the westward of Grassy Knoll, a rocky obstruction situated about 1,000 feet south of Harbor (Hog) Island. It had a controlling depth of 4.6 feet at mean low water up to an old steamboat wharf on the island; above this to wharves near the head of navigation just below the Boston Post Road the controlling depth was six-tenths of a foot. A secondary channel passed to the east.of Grassy Knoll and afforded a passage for a large part of the tidewaters. Outside the limits of these channels the harbor abounded in flats. Several rocks ob- structed the mouth of the harbor and caused the wrecking of a num- ber of vessels. Previous projects.-The original project for improveinent was adopted August 2, 1882, and modified April 27, 1899. There was expended under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1912, $40,000-$35,371.50 for new work and $4,628.50 for maintenance. For further details of previous proj- ects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1759. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mear low water and 80 feet wide, with increased width at bends, from the head of the bay to a turning basin near the head of the proposed im- provement;.100 feet wide at the upper wharves; 50 to 40 feet wide just below the fixed bridge at the Boston Post Road; and 80 feet wide for a distance of approximately 300 feet east of the turning basin. The mean tidal range is 7.3 feet, and the extreme range, under or- dinary conditions, is about 9 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $47,550, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. (H. Doec. No. 1087, 61st Cong., 3d sess.) The latest: published map is in the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures during the year amounted to $15.60; they were in payment of contingent expenses pertaining to the maintenance of the improve- ment. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 98 per cent of the existing project has been completed, the incomplete portion being the channel' extension immediately below the Boston Post Road. The controlling depth in the completed channel is about 7 feet. The total expendi- tures under existing project amounted to $53,767.06-$45,352.93 for new work and $8,414.13 for maintenance. Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, required that easements for right of way and for the disposition of the dredged material on Harbor Island be furnished free of cost to the United States. The easement for right of way was approved by the Secretary of War May 20, 1913, and by July, 1913, the village authorities had completed the construction of a rubblestone wall around Harbor Island at a cost of about $10,000, inclosing about 12. acres of marshland and land under water for the reception of material to be excavated -in improving the harbor. 258 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. In the summer of 1916 the Orienta Yacht Club dredged a channel through the flats north of Harbor Island from deep water in the main channel up to its landing 60 feet wide, 6 feet deep, and about 600 feet long, at a cost of $3,500. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 5 in number, with a total available dockage of 845 feet, are located at the head of navigation; one of these is connected by spur track with the electric trolley serv- ice; one of the terminals with available dockage of 70 feet is publicly owned; the remainder are privately owned, one of which, with avail- able dockage of 60 feet, is open to the public. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 215 feet consists of open pile construction with solid fill behind stone bulkheads in the rear. 1 with available dockage of 300 feet consists of part open pile and part timber bulkhead construction. 2 with available dockage of 270 feet consist of dry rubblestone retaining walls. 1 with available dockage of 60 feet consists of open pile construction with earth slope in rear. The existing facilities are not:adequate for existing commerce; the village authorities have accordingly taken preliminary steps for the construction of an additional wharf to be open to the public and con- nected by spur track with the electric trolley service for freight transportation to the interior. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No- 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been made easier, safer, and more direct from the bay to the wharves, while much larger car- goes are now carried to the harbor than formerly. Also bulk freight is now transferred to cars at the water front and carried to points in the interior. Lumber is unloaded direct from vessel to wharf with- out lightering. The financial benefits to the locality are indicated by the amount saved through the use of water instead of rail transporta- tion for building materials, general merchandise, and coal. This saving amounted to $20,400 in 1918. Proposed operations.-Furtherprosecution of this project is not deemed essential at this time, and no estimate of funds is submitted. The small balance of funds available June 30, 1919, will be expended :in maintaining the improvement as occasion may require. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of building materials, general merchandise, coal, and ashes. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ................... 74, 985 $875,100 1917 ................... 35,680 $1, 331,927 1915................... 57,583 1,132,866 1918 ................... 33,196 1,444,028 1916................ ... 36,007 1,496,100 Passengers carried, none reported. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 259 About 5,000 short tons of package freight were carried by a regu- lar steamship line between Mamaroneck and New York City. The harbor is also used as an anchorage for a large number of pleasure boats, and about 1,000 visits were made to a local boat yard for repairs and refitting. The tonnage of 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel (feet). Building materials ......................................... ................ .. 14 8 General merchandise ............................................................ 11 8-10 Coal..................................................................... Ashes........ ...... ......... ...... .............. ...... ......................... .......... 52 16 1 8-10 8-10 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $27.51: New work------------------------------- ---- $80, 724. 43 Maintenance 13; 042:.63 Net total expended------------- ----------- 93, 767. 06 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------------94, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1................ 7,524.29 $10,401.23 7, 003. 20 $124. 78 .... Expended for maintenance 1........ 7, 861.08 179. 70 240. 91 116. 84 $15. 60 Total expended 1.................... 15, 385.37 10, 580.93 7, 244. 11 241. 62 15.60 Appropriated or allotted .................. 17, 800.00 ........... 7,000.00.......... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended--------------------------------- $548. 54 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 15. 60 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------------------------------- 532. 94 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------------------------------- 17. 90 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance -------------- 515.04 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------- ------------ 2, 200. 00 3. ECHO BAY HARBOR, N. Y. (A3). Location and description.-This harbor, on which lies the city of New Rochelle, is on the north shore of Long Island Sound about 8 miles west of the Connecticut State line and about 24 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, and consists of a shallow inlet interspersed with islands about five-eighths of a mile long and 150 feet to 2,000 feet wide, with a bay at its mouth about three-eighths 1Exclusive of available funds. 260 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. of a mile long and one-fourth of a mile wide. The inlet, or inner harbor, is landlocked except at the extreme outer end, while the bay, or outer harbor, is exposed to southeasterly storms. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The channel leading from the bay to the wharves was only 1 to 2 feet deep and was obstructed by Long Rock, Start Rock, and Sheepshead Reef. The first-mentioned rock was ex- posed at low water and the other two had not more than 1.6 feet and 2.2 feet of water over them, respectively, at mean low water. The head of navigation was and is at the head of the inlet about five- eighths of a mile north of the head of the bay. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and modified June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. There was expended under this project prior to the com- mencement of work, under the existing project in 1910, $47,378.16-- $47,367.75 for new work and $10.41 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1760. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extending from the 10-foot con- tour in Echo Bay to the city wharf at Beaufort Point (Hudson Park), and a turning basin of the same depth at the inner extremity of the channel. Mean tidal range, 7 feet; the extreme range, under ordinary conditions, is about 9 feet. The estimated cost for new work made in 1910 is $22,110, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. No estimate was made for annual cost of main- tenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1118, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures during the year amounted to $35.78; they were in payment of contingent expenses pertaining to the maintenance of the improve- ment. There was reimbursed to the appropriations for this harbor $1,019.98 on account of the transfer of floating plant to other works of improvement. This amount has been credited to expenditures heretofore made for new work. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911. With the exception of slight shoaling in small scat- tered areas the project depths are available. The controlling depth as far as Beaufort Point is about 10 feet, thence to the head of the inlet about 3 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project up to June 30, 1919, amounted to $18,341.51-$17,216.14 for new work, and $1,125.37 for maintenance. Local cooperation.--No conditions have been imposed by law re- quiring local cooperation. Prior to 1913 the local authorities of the city of New Rochelle expended about $27,500 in constructing a public wharf at Beaufort Point and about $50,000 in dredging, mainly at and in the approaches to this wharf. There was expended in 1913, by private interests, in the construction of a public pier $2,500, and during and prior to 1913 private interests expended for dredging about $87,475, mainly in the excavation of a channel extending from the main channel at Beaufort Point to the head of navigation near Main Street, and from the same point up to and along the water front of the New Rochelle Coal & Lumber Co. property. RIVERS AND HARBORS---FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 261 Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,395 feet, are scattered along the water front at and between Beaufort Point and the head of navigation. One, with available dockage of 450 feet, is publicly owned; four, with avail- able dockage of 1,845 feet are privately owned, and one, with a frontage of 100 feet supports two pipe lines on trestles and is owned by a corporation. Other details are as follows: One, with available dockage of 420 feet consists of solid fill behind stone bulkheads, One, with available dockage of 200 feet, consists partly of concrete bulkhead and partly of timber crib bulkhead with solid fill behind, One, with available dockage of 1,400 feet, consists partly of timber bulkhead, partly of rubblestone retaining wall and partly of open pile work with rubblestone wall in rear, One, with available dockage of 225 feet, consists partly of timber crib bulkhead with solid fill- behind and partly of open pile work with timber crib bulkhead and solid fill in rear, One, with frontage of 100 feet, consists of two pipe lines supported on small trestles, One, with frontage of 50 feet, consists of a ferry rack with dry rubble- stone wall in rear. The existing facilities probably are inadequate. The publicly owned terminal at Beaufort Point is inconveniently located with reference to the business center; insufficient depth of water precludes a more central location. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.--As the result of the improvement freight rates have been reduced, the tonnage of the vessels carrying this com- merce has been increased, and a steamboat line for carrying passen- gers and motor vehicles has been established and is making several trips daily between New Rochelle and Sea Cliff, Long Island. The financial benefits to the locality are indicated by the amount saved through the use of water instead of rail transportation for building materials and coal, which amounted to about $59,800 in 1918. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the available funds in maintaining the improvement, as occasion may require. No estimate for additional funds is submitted, as the funds on hand are considered sufficient to provide for such maintenance work as may be required for the next two years. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of building materials, general merchandise, coal, and petroleum products. Comparative statement. Calendar year. " Short tons. Value. Passengers Vehicles carried, carried.' 1914 ... ............................... 143 766 $1,830, 134 134,185 4,100 1915............................... ....... 104 518 2,042, 530 93, 774 4,005 1916............................. ..... ..... 87,628 3881,395 64017 .. 1917............................ .................. 76 569 3,872, 418 150, 000 4, 387 1918.................. ............................. 76 432 3 883,627 75, 000 5 000 1No record for 1916. Ferry company reorganized. 262 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. About 15,000 short tons of package freight. were carried by a regu- lar steamship line between New Rochelle and New York City. The harbor is also used as an anchorage for a large number of pleasure boats. An established ferry line of three ferries between New Rochelle and Seacliff, L. I., carried 75,000 passengers and about 5,000 automobiles. The tonnage for 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Usual limit Per cent of loaded Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried, of total draft of Class of freight carried, of total draft of tonnage. vessel tonnage. vessel (feet). (feet). Building materials........ 21 9 oal................. 49 9-11 General merchandise..... 20 8-91 Petroleum products...... 9 7-12 Financial ummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $50.59: New work----------------------------------------- $64,583.89 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 1,135. 78 Net total expended -------------------- -------------- 65, 719. 67 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------- 69, 110. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ........................... .............. ... Expended for maintenance 1............... $46.82 $596.76 $60.66 $68.09 835.78 Appropriated or allotted.... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended----------------- ----- ----- $2, 405. 88 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ---------------- 1, 020. 23 3, 426. 11 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year' for maintenance_ 35. 78 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------- ----------- 3, 390. 33 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------- 12. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance -___ 3, 377. 83 .___-- 4. EAST CHESTER CREEK, N. Y. (A4.) Location and description.-This creek, also known as Hutchinson River, empties into East Chester Bay, an indentation about 3 miles long and 1,000 feet to 19 miles wide, in the north shore of Long Island Sound, immediately east of .Throgs Neck, 12 miles west of the Connecticut State line and 21 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. Its source is about 9 miles slightly east of north from the head of the bay. The navigable section of the creek, 100 feet to 1,000 feet in width, extends about 2! miles above its mouth. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 263 The approach through the bay is approximately 600 feet wide, with a controlling depth of 5 feet at mean low water. Four bridges cross the creek-two near the mouth, one a highway bridge and the other a railroad bridge; one highway bridge at Boston Post Road; and another at Fulton Avenue. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-The creek was navigable at high tide for vessels drawing 7 feet as far as a highway bridge at Lockwoods, at the Boston Post Road, about 2 miles above the head of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted March 3, 1873, was modified in 1891. There was expended under this project, prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1910, $115,500-$89,091.22 for new work and $26,408.78 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1761. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide for about 3,400 feet from the bay to about 700 feet above the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail- road bridge, thence 100 feet wide for about 8,000 feet to about 1,200 feet below Lockwoods, and thence 70 feet wide for about 3,800 feet to about .300 feet above Fulton Avenue Bridge, a total length of about 3 miles. The mean tidal range is 7.1 feet, and the extreme range, under ordinary conditions, is about 9 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1910 is $103,000, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1250, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map of the locality see Annual Report for 1904, page 1017. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Prosecution of work of improvement was not undertaken owing to existing abnor- mally high prices. Water and gas mains interfere with dredging operations at and above Fulton Avenue; pipes to replace them are being laid under a permit issued by the War Department. Expendi- tures amounting to $502.32 were in payment of liabilities incurred in connection with the prosecution of work during the fiscal year 1918, and $95.33 was expended in making surveys to reference the United States right of way to permanent marks and to ascertain the condi- tion of the dredged channel. Total expenditures amounted to $597.65-$502.32 for new work and $95.33 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 81 per cent completed. The controlling depth in the channel is about 4 feet at mean low water up to about 250 feet below the Fulton Avenue Bridge; above this the depth gradually decreases to about 2 feet at the bridge and to 1 foot and less above it. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $95,756.18-$91,946.18 for new work and $3,810 for maintenance. The following work re- mains to be done: Widening the channel by dredging and rock re- moval for short stretches between the Pelham highway and railroad bridges, and about 1,800 feet below the bridge at Boston Post Road; dredging about 700 feet of channel in the vicinity of Goose Island and 600 feet about one-fourth of a mile below Boston Post Road; and dredging the channel at and above the bridge at Fulton Avenue. 264 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Local cooperation.--There were no conditions imposed by law re- quiring local cooperation. In 1877 the lands necessary for a right of way, the value of which is not known, were secured to the United States by the State of New York. This right of way extended from a point some distance below the Boston Post Road up to a point about 3,000 feet above it. In 1894 a slip and basin were excavated and bulkheaded in the west shore of the creek, immediately above the Boston Post Road, at a cost of about $50,000. Terminal facilities.-Waterterminals, 10 in number, with available dockage of 2,625 feet, are located one about midway between the mouth of the cireek and the head of navigation and the remaining nine in the upper 3,000 feet of the projected improvement; none has railroad connections. ,One of the terminals,. with available dockage of 50 feet, is publicly owned; seven, with available dockage of 825 feet, are privately owned, two of which, with available dockage of 1,750 feet, are open to the public, and two are owned by corporations. Other details are as follows: One with available dockage of 600 feet consists of open pile construction, with solid fill behind pile and roughly placed planks as retaining wall in rear. Is in poor condition. Eight with available dockage of 1,975 feet consist of solid fill behind a pile and timber bulkhead. One with available dockage of 50 feet consists of solid fill behind a stone bulkhead. One of the terminals open to the public, with a frontage of 600 feet, is in poor condition and should be repaired. Local interests have in view the construction of one or two additional terminals to meet the increased demands of commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-There has been an appreciable increase in the loaded draft of vessels using the creek, and navigation has been made safer in the rock sections. The financial benefits to the locality are indicated by the amount saved through the use of water instead of rail transportation for building materials and coal. This saving amounted to about $113,000 in 1918. Proposed operations.-If acceptable prices for doing the work can be obtained the funds available will be expended in continuing the improvement and in dredging for maintenance. It is expected that these funds will be sufficient to complete all work of pressing need, and therefore no estimate of funds is submitted. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles Inot previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, and petroleum products. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ...................... 135,065 $857 827 1917... .................. 176,121 $1, 128,839 1915.................... 139,798 776 331 1918 ... 148,744 1,468,673 1916................. ..... 151,173 1,020,971 Passengers carried, none. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 265 The tonnage in 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried, of total draft of tonnage. vessel (feet). Building materials............................... ................ ............ 14 6 -10 Coal............ ........... . ...... ................. ............................... - 80 7-13 Petroleum products ............. ..... ..... .......... ... 5 6J-12 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $36.01: New work---------------------------------------- $181, 037. 40 Maintenance Maneac-----------------------------------3O 218.78 - 30 218.7 Net total expended -------------------------------- 211, 256. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 221, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1.......... ... Expended for new work ....$20,472.08 $6,679.63 $951.36 $7, 252.68 $502.32 Expended for maintenance .. ..... 3.. 3,608.97 45.25 80.45 .......... 95.33 Total expended 1.................... 24,081.05 6,724. 88 1,011.81 7,252.68 597.65 Appropriated or allotted............... 25, 000.00 ............ 6,000.00 11,000.00 ......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_------------------------ $10,839. 47 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------- __2. 00 10, 841.47 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work___---------------------------- $502. 32 For maintenance ___________----------_ ----- 95. 33 - - 597. 65 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ------------------------ 10, 243. 82 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------------------------- -155. 60 July 1, 1919, balance available_ ---------------------------- 10, 088. 22 5. WESTCHESTER CREEK, N. Y. (A5.) Location and description.-This creek lies wholly within the limits of Greater New York and extends northward about 4 miles from an estuary in the north shore of the East River, N. Y., situated 14 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. The estuary varies from 500 feet to 3,000 feet in width and is about 1 mile long; the depths outside the dredged channel vary from 1 foot at the head of naviga- tion, 1J miles above the mouth of the creek, to 6 feet at the East River. The navigable section of the creek is tidal throughout its navigable length, with high-water widths from 110 feet to 500 feet; a fixed bridge marks the head of navigation at Main Street in Westchester Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 266 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. village, and a drawbridge crosses the creek at Unionport, about 1 mile below the fixed bridge. Original condition.-So far as now known, it was not navigable beyond the site now occupied by the fixed bridge at Main Street. The mean low-water depth available for navigation was 31 feet, through a channel varying in width from 20 feet to 80 feet. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 52. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.- This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide across the estuary, about 1 mile; thence 80 feet wide to about 1,000 feet above Scrivens Wharf; and thence 60 feet wide to the head of navigation at Main Street Bridge, a total length of about 2.7 miles. The. mean tidal range is 6.8 feet and the extreme range under ordinary conditions is about 8.5 feet. The esti- mated cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $91,280. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,800. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 5, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 7, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest ublished map, see House Document No. 111, Fifty-sixth Con- gress;first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions firing the year. The expenditures, amounting to $308.54, were mainly: in payment of liabilities incurred in removing a minor ob- structidn and in making an examination of the dredged channel and are chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 95 per cent completed. The controlling depth across the estuary up'to the mouth of the creek is about 8 feet; thence up to 1,500 feet below the bridge at Unionport about 7 feet; thence to the head of navigation a few scattering shoals reduce the controlling depth to about 6 feet. The work required to complete the project consists in the removal of a small area of ledge rock at Unionport Bridge and a few small points of ledge rock in the east side of the channel about 3,000 feet below this bridge. The expenditures amounted to $88,378.72-$77,181.64 for new work and $11,197.08 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Waterterminals, 14 in number, with available dockage of 2,115 feet, are located--2 between the mouth and Union- port, 5 at Unionport, 1 about midway between Unionport and West- chester village, and 6 in the upper 750 feet of the projected channel; none has railroad connections. Two of the terminals with available dockage of 150 feet are publicly owned, 9 with available dockage of 1,575 feet are privately owned, and 3 with available dockage of 390 feet are owned by corporations. Other details are as follows: 8 are of open pile construction, with earth slope in rear, 4 consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads, 1 consists of open pile construction, with rubblestone bulkhead in rear, 1 consists of a pipe line resting on a small trestle. The facilities appear to be adequate. For a full description of ter- minal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The draft of the largest vessels using the creek has increased, delays to water-borne commerce have been re- duced, and part of the water-borne commerce of the Bronx River has RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 267 been diverted to this stream pending the completion of the channel at that place. The financial benefits to the locality are shown by the amount saved by the use of water instead of rail transportation for building materials and coal. This saving amounted to about $59,350 in 1918. Proposed operations.-The bridge at Unionport, which was under construction by the city of New York on June 30, 1918, having been completed since that date, so much of the available funds as are necessary will be expended in completing the improvement and in dredging for maintenance if acceptable prices for doing the work can be obtained. No additional funds are necessary at this time. Recommended 'modificationof project.--A further improvement of the creek recommended in House Document No. 370, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the East River to Fort Schuyler Road in Westchester village, at an estimated cost of $208.000 tor new work and $1,500 annually for maintenance, subject to the con.i- tion that the necessary right of way across uplands be furnished free of cost to the United States. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, and petroleum products. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914............ ........ 589,322 $1,036,984 1917................... 238,405 $879,945 19151.. .................. 220,912 498,393 1918.................... 171,901 1,001,882 1916.................... 150,369 499,271 1 The decrease in the tonnage and value of the commerce for 1915 as compared with that of previous years is due in part to failure on the part of three parties to reply to requests for statistics, srd in iart to a con- siderable reduction in the amount of coal, cellar dirt, and ashes carried. Ht:e decrease in 1916 is said to he due to conditions arising from the then existing national emergency. Passengers carried, none. The tonnage for 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Class of freight carried, Per cent of total ofloaded -draft of tonnage. vessel (feet). Building materials................. .................................... 49 6-10 Coal ........ ... ................................ 46 7-12 Petroleum products.............................................................. 4 6-12 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $20.95: New work-------------------------------------- --- $77, 181. 64 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 11, 197. 08 Net total expended------------------------- ---- 88. 378. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report_--- --- - 91, 280. 00 268 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1............... 1 $23, 502.62 $4,637. 97 ............ $37.48. Expended for maintenance ........... 10, 666.54 60.03 $117. 64 45. 78 $308. 54 Total expended 1.................... 34,169.16 4, 698.00 117. 64 83.26 308.54 Appropriated or allotted ................... 36,500.00 .................................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended---------------------------- $3, 209.17 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------- .65 3, 209. 82 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 308. 54 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-----------------------------2, 901. 28 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 13. 50 July 1, 1919, balance- available---__------ 2, 887. 78 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------- ------------------------ 11, 210. 00 6. BRONX RIVER, N. Y. (A6.) Location and description.-Thisstream, about 15 miles long, flows in a general direction slightly west of south, and empties into a shal- low bay, 1 mile long and 300 to 4,500 feet wide, in the north shore of the East River, 11 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 52.) The navigable portion, which is tidal, varies in high-water width from 60 to 300 feet and extends about 2 miles from the head of the bay to a dam at East One hundred and seventy-seventh Street, Bronx Borough, New York City. It is crossed by a highway bridge at Westchester Avenue, about 1 miles above its mouth, and by a railroad bridge some 600 feet farther upstream. Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, wind- ing through a mud flat and obstructed by rocky ledges and mud shoals. The available mean low-water depth was 3.3 feet to Westchester Ave- nue, thence decreasing gradually until from East One hundred and seventy-sixth Street to the dam the bottom was bare at low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. There was expended under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1913 $95,957.05-$69,035.72 for new work and $26,921.33 for main- tenance. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1762. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, with widening at the bends, to extend from deep water in the East River to the head of navigation at the dam at East One hundred and seventy-seventh Street, involving the first dredging from the East River to Randall Avenue to a width of 200 feet; thence to Spofford Avenue, 150 feet; thence to Watson Avenue, 125 feet; thence to the railroad bridge near Westchester 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 269 Avenue, 100 feet, except in the southern approach to the bridge, where it is to be 140 feet; and above the bridge 100 feet, with increase at bends where permissible, including a turning basin at the head of the improvement. It also provides for maintaining the channel exca- vated under the project adopted June 3, 1896, until the channel pro- vided for under the existing project is open to traffic to the railroad bridge. The length of the section included in the project is about 31 miles. Mean tidal range 7.02 feet in the estuary and about 6 feet at the head of navigation; the extreme range, under ordinary conditions, is about 8.5 feet. Irregular nontidal fluctuations, due mainly to wind direction and force, vary from about 3 feet below mean to about 11 feet above; while they are not of great frequency commerce is ad- versely affected to a very appreciable extent during the periods of low tides, which are most frequent during the winter months. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1913, is $930,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) ap- proved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 897, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1912, page 1470. Operations and results during fiscal year.--here were no opera- tions during the year. By resolution on June 5, 1919, the commis- sioners of the sinking fund of the city of New York ceded to the United States all the estate, right, title, and interest of the city of New York in and to the upland within the bulkhead lines of the Bronx River, between the southerly side of Westchester Avenue and the East River, and authorized a conveyance thereof to the United States. When transfer of these lands to the United States has been accomplished the work of channel improvement will be resumed. Expenditures during the year amounting to $1,740.80 are charge- able to new work; they were in payment of liabilities incurred in making a detailed survey preliminary to resuming active opera- tions, making a rough examination of the dredged channel, and in part payment of office expenses and contingencies. There was re- Imbursed to the appropriations for this locality $2,038.44 on account of the transfer of floating plant to other works of improvement. This amount has been credited to expenditures heretofore made for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 16 per cent of the existing project had been completed. The work under all projects has re- sulted in dredging a channel of the dimensions provided for under the existing project from deep water in the East River to Spofford Avenue, except at three points, where uplands project slightly into the channel limits; thence to the vicinity of Garrison Avenue the channel has been dredged to somewhat less than projected width and depth; and thence to the gas works at One hundred and seventy- third Street 60 to 50 feet wide and 4 feet deep. The controlling depth for navigation is about 8 feet across the estuary up to the mouth of the river; thence to Spofford Avenue about 7.5 feet; thence to Girrison Avenue about 7 feet; thence to the gas works about 24 feet for widths varying from 35 to 50 feet; above this no dredging has been done. To complete the project requires the removal of small areas of upland which project into channel limits at several 270 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. points between the mouth and Spofford Avenue and deepening and widening the channel between Spofford and Garrison Avenues dredged during the fiscal year 1917; also, as yet no work under the existing project has been done above Garrison Avenue. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $148,851.76- $133,570.08 for new work and $15,281.68 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-The existing project was adopted subject to the condition that any right of way necessary for the execution of the project should be furnished free of cost to the United States. Necessary preliminaries for the transfer of lands to the United States for right of way have been completed. It is expected that conveyance thereof to the United States will be accomplished within a short time (see under Operations and results during fiscal year). The local authorities have expended $8,000 in the construction and maintenance of a public wharf, and local interests have expended $26,200 in removing from the vicinity of their wharves material from the channels included in the projects for improvement by the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 15 in number, with avail- able dockage of 3,480 feet are located--1 near the mouth of the river and 14 scattered along the west shore of the river between a point about 3,000 feet below the highway bridge at Westchester Avenue and the head of navigation; one has railroad connections. One of the terminals with a frontage of 75 feet is publicly owned; 7 with available dockage of 1,865 feet are privately owned, and 7 with available dockage of 1,540 feet are owned by corporations. Other details are as follows: One with available dockage of 75 feet consists of open-pile construction with earth slope in rear. Four with available dockage of 790 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads. Three with available dockage of 795 feet consist of solid fill behind concrete bulkheads. One with available dockage of 400 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind timber bulkheads. Four with available dockage of 875 feet consist of solid fill behind dry rubblestone bulkhead in rear. One with available dockage of 225 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind concrete bulkhead in rear. One with available dockage of 320 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind dry rubblestone bulkhead in rear. The terminal facilities are deemed inadequate; it is probable the additional facilities needed will be provided when the improvement contemplated under the existing project has progressed sufficiently to warrant a reasonable return upon the capital invested. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of the improvement.-A reduction in the cost of transporta- tion and an increase in the amount of water-borne commerce have -resulted from the work accomplished under the project adopted June 3, 1896. Work under the existing project has not been advanced sufficiently to benefit navigation to an appreciable extent. The finan- cial benefits accruing to the locality are shown by the amount saved through the use of water instead of rail transportation for building materials and coal. This saving amounted to about $181,000 in 1918. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 271 Proposed operations.-The expenditure of the available funds is awaiting the transfer of lands for right of way. (See under " Local cooperation.") When the right of way has been secured to the United States it is proposed to remove the areas of upland which extend into the projected channel limits between the mouth and Spof- ford Avenue; to widen and deepen the uncompleted channel between Spofford and Garrison Avenues; to continue the improvement by extending the channel upstream from Garrison Avenue, and to ex- pend so much of the available funds as may be necessary in main- taining the dredged channels. No estimate for additional funds will be made until the right of way has been secured to the United States. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics,--The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, and ashes. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914....................... 841,586 $1,947,786 1917 .................... 432,478 $1,624,273 1915.................... 1,164,090 1,732,725 1918... ................. 381,713 3,046,629 1916.................... 767,938 1,801,990 Passengers carried, none. The decrease in tonnage in 1917 as compared with 1916 is due mainly to the removal from the locality of a dealer in building ma- terials and to the nonreceipt of ashes and cellar dirt for land reclama- tion; the further decrease in 1918 is due mainly to lack of demand for building material. The tonnage in 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel (feet). Building materials ............................................................. . 22 6-10 Coal. ............................................................................ 69 6-12 Ashes .......................................... ............................... 6 8 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $68.72: New work--------- -------------------------------- $202, 605. 80 Maintenance-----------------------------------------42, 203.01 Net total expended -------------------------------- 244, 808. 81 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 576, 500. 00 125851-ENG 1919--18 272 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62,912.97 $18,849.06 $41,387.51 $4,173.53 $1,740.80 Expended for maintenance 3,931.05 400.20 10,950.43 ................... Total expendedl.................... 66,844.02 19,249.26 52,337.94 4,173.53 1,740.80 Appropriated or allotted ............... 100, 000.00 ........ 250,000.00.................. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended.__--------------------__ $331, 384. 80 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 _------------ - 2, 047. 19 333,431.99 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for new work_ 1, 740. 80 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--------------------------- 331, 691. 19 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------------__- ___588. 49 July 1, 1919, balance available- ------- __------------ -__ 331, 102. 70 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project __------------ ------- _ _ ---- 2 465, 330. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after: deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $232.80: New work ---------------------------- ------------- $802, 193. 69 Maintenance ----------- ---------------------------- 117, 419. 94 Net total expended -------------------- 919, 613. 63 Total appropriations to date of this report------------ 1, 269,190.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work i.................. $128, 837.43 $49, 649.34 $82, 365.20 $12, 463.38 $2, 243.12 Expended for maintenance 1.. ..... . 26,985.22 2,079.48 12,978.71 230.71 493.. 37 Total expended 1................... 155,822.65 51,728.82 95, 343.91 12,694.09 2,736.49 Appropriated or allotted................... 199,300.00 ........... 297,500.00 11,50000 .......... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ ------------------------- $348, 616. 74 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-----------------3, 696. 12 352, 312. 86 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work_ -------- ------------ $2, 243. 12 For maintenance_ ----------------------------- 493. 37 2, 736. 49 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----- --------------------- 349, 576. 37 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ ---------------------------- 801. 71 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $4,695.96 available only for maintenance __-------------------348, 774. 66 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------- ----------- ---------- - 544, 860. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 273 7. HA1RBOR AT FLUSHING BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-FlushingBay is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, about 12 miles; by water, northeast of the Battery, New York City, and within the city limits. The bay, which is entered from East 'River, is about 2 miles in length, with widths varying from about 300 feet to 1.4 miles. Flushing Creek is a tidal stream which flows in a northerly direction and empties into the head of Flushing Bay. The distance from East River to the head of navigation in Flushing Creek is about 6 miles. The length of the section included in the project is about 3 miles. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-A channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 to 600 feet wide extended for a distance of about 0.4 of a mile from deep water in East River. From the head of this channel southward to within about 750 feet of the mouth of Flushing Creek, a distance of 1.3 miles, a more or less uniform depth of 4.5 feet at mean low water existed throughout the bay. The depths at mean low water inFlushing Creek varied from 0 to 21 feet and the widths varied from 40 to 300 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, and was modified by river and. harbor acts of September 19, 1888, June 9, 1891, and March 2, 1907. There had'been expended under the previous project and its modifi- cations $178,900. It is not possible to state what portion was for maintenance, but it has been estimated at $30,247.46, and for new work, $148,652.54. For further details of previous projects, see page 1772 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project provides for dredging a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from the 10-foot contour in the bay to the Broadway Bridge; thence 7 feet deep to the Main Street Bridge, narrowing in width uniformly from 200 feet at the Broadway Bridge to 100 feet 1 mile south of Strongs Causeway; and for construction of about 1,300 linear feet of new dike, reconstruction of 1,600 linear feet of old dike, repair of 2,765 linear feet of old dike, and removal of 375 linear feet of old dike. The length of the section included in the present project is about 15,200 feet. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tides is about 7.1 feet; of spring tides about 8 feet; and of storm tides about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $235,700, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, in accordance with a report published in House Docu- ment No. 1333, Sixty-first ,Congress, third session. For latest pub- lished map, see page 1746 of Annual Report for 1914. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. During the year $293.44 was expended for office expenses, etc., all charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 35 per cent completed. The increase in available depth has been about 274 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 5 feet; there has been no increase in width. A total of 4,663 linear feet of pile and stone dike was constructed under the former project, but a large portion of it has been carried away entirely and the remainder has greatly deteriorated. The controlling depths are 10 feet for the 10-foot part of the project and 7 feet for the 7-foot part of the project. To complete the project some dike work is needed and all the dredging between the Broadway and Main Street Bridges. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $65,- 777.65, of which amount $59,068.84 was for new work and $6,708.81 was for maintenance. Local cooperation.-Duringthe fiscal year 1916 the Degnon Realty & Terminal Improvement Co., working on a private enterprise under a permit issued by this department, dredged the Government channel for a linear distance of about 600 feet with a depth of about 30 feet at mean low water, the dredged material being pumped on near-by marshes on the shore. About 500 feet of the channel was partially excavated along one side. Ierminal facilities.-These consist of 3,000 linear feet of bulk- head on the east shore of the bay and creek, all privately -owned. This is sufficient for handling existing commerce, but wholly inade- quate to the commerce anticipated under the project of 1913. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-No reduction in freight rates has been noted. As a result of the improvement a large portion of the traffic which was formerly limited to navigation at high-water periods has been enabled to make use of the channel at any stage of tide and vessels of deeper draft are now able to utilize the channels. Proposed operations.-Work on the project has been suspended pending the granting to the United States of a right of way in cer- tain sections of the creek. No estimate for additional funds is there- fore submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities handled during the current year were coal and other fuel, cement, lime, etc., lumber, gravel and sand, ashes, and cinders, these being typical of preceding years. No changes in transportation lines have been noted. The draft of loaded vessels varies from 2 to 14 feet, but 10 to 12 feet is probably about the usual limit. The bulk of the freight is carried on scows and in schooners. All the traffic has been benefited by all the improvement, as the boats pass through the whole length of the channel. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 .................... 853,714 $968,461 1917................... 1,355,620 $3,508,600 1915. .................. 677, 460 1, 006, 295 1918..................... 335,801 1, 251, 323 1916. ................... 710,547 1,137,195 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 275 Financial sum/mary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting re- ceipts from sales, etc., amounting to $38.35: New work---- --------- - - _ $207, 721.38 Maintenance--------- _ -- ---------------------------- 36, 956.27 Net total expended 244, 677.65 Total appropriations to date of this report______________________ 324, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1................ $45,348.36 ............................ Expended for maintenance 1.............. 5,261.92 $4,276.09 $1,085.61 $1,092.02 $293.44 Total expended 1................... 50, 610.28 4,276.09 1,085.61 1,092.02 293.44 Appropriated orallotted................................ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended---- 192.04 $------------------------80, Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ______________-___ 23.75 80, 215. 79 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,1 for maintenance. 293. 44 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 79, 922. 35 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ------------------------------ 18. 91 July 1, 1919, balance available------------------------------- 79, 903. 44 8. HEMPSTEAD HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.- This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, about 25 miles by water northeast of the Bat- tery, New York City, and about 13 miles southwest of Stamford Harbor, Conn. The harbor is divided by a narrow neck of sand, Bar Beach, into an outer harbor about 3 miles long, 2 miles wide at the outer end, and a half mile wide at the inner end, and an inner harbor about one-half mile wide and 2 miles long. The section under improvement by the United States lies entirely within the inner har- bor. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-A channel 90 to 350 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water extended from the outer harbor about a mile up the inner harbor to a point opposite Ward's wharf. Thence the depth gradually diminished to zero at the Roslyn Town Wharf, a dis- tance of about 0.6 mile; thence to the head of navigation at the dam at Hicks mill, in the village of Roslyn, the bottom was exposed at low water. At high water boats of shallow draft carried lumber and coal to within a short distance of the Hicks milldam. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the entrance to a point opposite Ward's wharf, a distance of about 5,600 feet; thence 80 feet wide to the Roslyn Town Wharf, a distance of about 3,200 'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 276 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. feet; and thence 50 to 70 feet wide to the head of navigation, a dis- tance of about 1,700 feet. The total length of channel under im- provement is 1.85 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tides is about 7.2 feet, of spring tides about 8.5 feet, and of storm tides about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $47,000. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. During the year $11.60 was expended for office expenses, etc., all charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1913. Dredging for maintenance is required from time to time. The increase in width varies from 0 to 100 feet, and the increase in depth varies from 0 to 8 feet. The maximum draft that could be carried over the shoalest portion of the channel at mean low water on June 30, 1919, was estimated to be 5 feet. The expenditures under the ex- isting project have been-for new work, $39,468.11; for maintenance, $11,738.14, a total of $51,206.25. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, and February 27, '1911, making appropriations for this project re- quired a suitable dumping ground for the material dredged to be furnished by the local interests free of cost. The required disposal areas were furnished. The town of North Hempstead reconstructed the Roslyn Town Wharf and erected an additional public wharf at the head of navigation at a cost of $2,970.48, and expended $9,100 in the construction of sod-retaining bulkheads for the excavated materials, making a total of $12,070.48. The funds were derived from local taxation. The village of Roslyn converted a part of the disposal area into a public park. Terminal facilities.-These consist of two town wharves, and four wharves and several small landings privately owned and understood to be open to public use when not occupied by the owners. The facili- ties are adequate to the existing commerce, which is local, and there is ample water front, both public and private, for extensions as needs arise. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of Bimprovement.-No reduction in freight rates as a result of the improvement has been reported, but local interests state that facilities for receiving cdal, building and road materials, etc., have been greatly improved. Proposed operations.-None. No additional funds will be required for the fiscal year 1921, the work done under the last contract having put the channel in fairly good boating condition. The channel is subject to gradual shoaling, but is still serviceable. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported..None. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities handled during the calendar year 1918 were sand and gravel shipped to New York City from the screening and washing plants on the west side of the harbor. Other commodities handled were coal, lumber, road ma- .RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 277 terials, etc., delivered to docks near the head of navigation. These are typical of preceding years, and all have been benefited by the improvement, but the main tonnage, sand and gravel, does not have to pass through the inner part of the dredged cha unel, which has cost more than the outer part. A quantitative division is not pos- sible. No changes in the nature of the commerce have resulted from the improvement. No new transportation lines have been established, nor have any old ones been abandoned. The draft of loaded vessels is about 10 feet, but it is impracticable to state pro- portionate amounts of freight carried by each class. Scows probably carried the bulk of all freight. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. :................ 3,707,195 1914 $1,575,392 1917.................... 2,451,014 $1,397,005 1915 ................. .. 3,644,716 1,687,441 1918..................... 2,008,349 1,001,000 1916................... 3,966,885 1,195,538 FinanciaZ summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9.22: New work---------------------------------------------- $39, 468. 11 Maintenance --------------------------- 11, 738. 14 Net total expended__------------- ---- __- - -___ 51, 206. 25 Total appropriations to date of this report________________ _____ 52, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work....................... . .......... Expended for maintenance 1 ... 1,178.61 9,618.79 539.62 237.45 11.60 Appropriated or allotted ......... .................. ...... ........... 1........... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------___ ___-$804. 60 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-------------------- .75 805. 35 1 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 11. 60 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _ --------------------- ----- 793. 75 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_-----_-------- _---_----- 13. 74 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance---------------780. 01 9. HUNTINGTON HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-Huntington Bay is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, about 40 miles east of the Battery, New York City, and 8 miles southeast of Stamford Harbor, Conn. Huntington Harbor is a landlocked arm of Huntington Bay, about 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 278 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 2 miles long, with widths varying from 300 to 2,000 feet. The sec- tion under improvement extends from near Ketchams Dock, inHunt- ington Harbor, to the Old Town Dock at Halesite, N. Y., a distance of about 2,400 feet. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 116. Original condition.-The harbor varied in width from 300 to 1,500 feet and in depth from 0 to 19 feet at mean low water. A channel 8 feet deep, with widths from 150 to 1,300 feet, existed from Hunt- ington Bay southward for a distance of about 1.5 miles. South of this point no channel existed, and depths decreased rapidly to Hale- site, a distance of about 0.4 mile. Much of the bottom was exposed at low water. A bar 3 feet below mean low water obstructed the en- trance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. It was completed in 1872 at cost of $22,500. The records do not permit separating maintenance ex- penditures from the total. For further details of previous projects see page 1772 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide to the Old Town Dock, with a turning basin 200 feet wide and with a protecting dike on the west side if necessary. The length of the section included in the project is about 2,400 feet. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tides is about 7 feet, of spring tides about 9 feet, and of storm tides about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1885, is $32,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 200, 48th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 827, Sixty-first Con- gress, second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no funds available and no operations. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1904. A channel 200 feet wide was dredged in lieu of the projected channel 100 feet wide to be protected by a pile dike. The dike was never built, the purpose for which it was intended having been ac- complished by dredging to the greater width. The turning basin at the Old Town Dock was made 230 feet wide. The controlling depth is now about 7 feet, the channel having shoaled from inflow of mud. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $50,500, of which $29,489.06 was for new work and $21,010.94 was for main- tenance. Local cooperation.-None has been required. Dumping grounds for materials dredged during the fiscal year 1916 were furnished by private persons and local interests, free of cost to the United States. Terminal facilities.-Thereare three public wharves in the harbor which are leased by the town of Huntington to private interests for a nominal rental. One wharf is open to the public upon the pay- ment of wharfage, but the rates are arbitrary and not fixed.i The wharves were built originally by the town of Huntington with funds RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y.) DISTRICT. 279 derived from local taxation; cost of construction not known. For a full description of terminal facilities, see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.--The improvement of this harbor has opened possibilities for commerce that could not have existed other- wise, and freight rates have been reduced materially. It has been reported that the difference on lumber alone amounts to $3 per 1,000 feet. Proposed operations.-None. The available funds have been ex- hausted. No funds are requested for expenditure during the next fiscal year. The channel is subject to gradual shoaling, but is still serviceable. Recomnmended modifieations of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities handled during the current year were coal, lumber, cement, and lime, these being typical of preceding years. The improvement has benefited all water- borne commerce in the harbor, as practically the whole of it passes through the improved channel. The draft of loaded vessels is about 10 feet, but it is impracticable to state proportionate amounts of freight carried by each class. Steamers and scows probably carried the bulk of material. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914. .................... 30,975 $147,491 1917..................... 44,155 $151,613 1915......... .... ...... 42,863 200,722 1918..................... 25,599 170,809 1916..................... 73,362 198,946 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,918.99: New work---------- 51, 989. 06 $----------------------------- Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 21, 010. 94 Net total expended 73,000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 73, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............... ............. .... ...................... Expended for maintenance ..............$583.74 $6,231.82 $170.57 $17.26 .......... Appropriated or allotted... ................ 5,000.0.. ................... ......... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 10. PORT JEFFERSON HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, about 56 miles by water northeast of the Battery, New York City, and 13.5 miles southeast of Bridgeport Harbor, Conn. It is about 1.75 miles long and averages 0.75 of a 280 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. mile wide. The entrance is protected by jetties, one on either side of the channel, which is about 0.5 of a mile long and 200 feet wide. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-In its original condition the depth at mean low water over the outer bar was 4 to 5 feet. From the outer bar to the harbor proper depths of 6 feet or more existed at mean low water, with widths of 125 to 300 feet. In the harbor proper depths of 12 feet or more were found as far south as the village of Port Jefferson, the head of navigation, about 2 miles from the entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. The amount expended on this project was $80,200. Funds spent for improvement can not be accu- rately separated from those for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1771 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel through the entrance 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water, for repairing and enlarging two riprap jetties built under the previous project, and for extending the east jetty to the 21-foot curve. The length of channel under improvement is about 2,600 feet, the length of the west jetty is 940 feet, and the projected length of the east jetty about 1,900 feet. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tides at the entrance is 7 feet, and at the head of navigation 6.2 feet; of spring tides about 7.3 feet; and of storm tides about 12 feet (esti- mated). The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1889, is $145,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for a chan- nel 10 feet deep and 200 feet wide; the act of August 18, 1894, pro- vided for a channel "12 feet in depth at mean low water in Port Jefferson Inlet and Harbor " (Annual Report for 1889, p. 751). For latest published map, see page 866 of Annual Report 1903. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no ex- penditures and no operations during the fiscal year. Condition at the end of fiscal yea.- The project is 67 per cent com- pleted. The channel has been deepened from 4 feet to 12 feet at mean low water, with width of over 200 feet, and was completed in 1903. The east Jetty has been built to about four-fifths its projected length; the west jetty has been built to full length, but incomplete width and height. The controlling depth is about 10 feet at mean low water. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $99,356.35, of which it is estimated that $91,226.71 was for new work and $8,129.64 was for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has one large pier used as a land- ing by the steamer which runs across Long Island Sound and open to the public generally. Other landings are small and privately con- trolled. Under ordinary conditions these seem sufficient for the com- merce of the harbor. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect on freight rates is not known. Boats make regular trips to and from the harbor at all stages of the tide, which, under former conditions, would have been forced to wait RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 281 for high tides before entering or leaving. On the north shore of Long Island, between Huntington Harbor and Plum Gut, Port Jefferson is the only harbor having a depth of more than 7 feet at mean low water. It is used as a harbor of refuge by a few vessels, but the actual number can not be ascertained. Proposed operations.-The available funds will be applied to deep- efling shoals in the dredged channel and to repair of the jetties. Unless an emergency arises the work will be deferred until more moderate prices prevail. No estimate for additional funds for expenditure during the fiscal year 1921 is made. Deterioration of the channel and jetties is slow, and such funds as are now on hand will probably be sufficient for any work needed prior to June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities handled during the current year were fabricated steel, gasoline, oysters, and automo- biles transported on the ferry service to the Connecticut shore, all of which pass through the improved channel. There have been no changes in the nature of the commerce nor have any changes in trans- portation lines been noted. The draft of loaded vessels varies from 6 to 12 feet, but 8 to 10 feet is probably about the usual limit. The bulk of freight is probably carried by steamers and schooners, but proportionate amounts can not be accurately given. Comparative statement. Calendar year- Short tons. Value. Calendar year- Short tons. Value. 1914........... ............ 22,281 $572,791 1917........... .......... 49,983 $3,113,606 1915 ...................... 20,746 1,132,325 1918.................. 10,351 1,121,634 1916 ..................... 11,491 660,247 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work-------------------- -------------------- $171, 426. 71 Maintenance----------------- ------------------------- 8, 129. 64 Net total expended_ ___________------------_179. 556. 35 Total appropriations to date of this report-- -------- 189, 356. 35 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................... ......... ......... ............ Expended for maintenance............... 317.27 $1,158.89 $161.95 $211.62......... Appropriated or allotted.................. . .. ..... ..... 5,000.00.................... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended--______-----___ __-- ----- - $9, 800. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended -____________-- __ 9, 800. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__________.-.--- 43, 980. 00 SExclusive of available funds. 282 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 11. MATTITUCK HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a tidal inlet on the north shore of Long Island about 85 miles east of New York City and about 24 miles southeast of New Haven Harbor, Conn. The length of chan- nel under improvement is 2.25 miles, with widths from 80 to 100 feet. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 115. Original condition.-In its natural condition a channel varying in width from 80 to 240 feet and in depth from 0 to 12 feet at mean low water existed from Long Island Sound to the milldam, a dis- tance of about 0.9 of a mile. The head of navigation was at the milldam, beyond which Mattituck Bay, varying in width from 500 to 1,000 feet, with depths of from 2 to 8 feet at high water, extended adistance of about 1.2 miles to the village of Mattituck. Above the milldam the elevation of water surface depended on the operation of the sluice gates. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from Long Island Sound to the milldam and 7 feet deep at mean high water from the milldam to. the village, with two rip- rap jetties at entrance, providing a width of 100 feet there and 80 feet thence to the village, a total length of about 11,500 feet. tnder ordinary conditions the mean range of tides is about 4.8 feet at the entrance and about 3.5 at the village; of spring tides (entrance) about 5.3 feet; and of storm tides about 9 feet. The latest (1911) approved estimate of cost for new work and for maintenance to June 30, 1909, was $176,700. The expenditure for annual maintenance has never been separated from the total for new work and mainte- nance. (See Annual Report for 1909, pp. 133-134; also Annual Report for 1911, p. 195.) The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (Annual Report for 1891, p. 843). No map of the harbor is printed. Operations and results during fiscal year.- There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. The prevalence of high prices prevented any efficient work with funds available. A total of $31.02 was ex- pended for office expenses, etc.,.charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is 83 per cent com- pleted. There remain extending the jetties to the 9-foot depth, which is not considered necessary at this time. Dredging the channel was completed in 1914. The depth has been increased from 0 to 7 feet at mean low water for widths of 80 and 100 feet north of the milldam. South of the milldam a tortuous channel of various widths and depths was replaced by a well-defined channel 80 feet wide and 3.5 feet deep at mean low water, which, however, has become narrow and crooked by the advance of either shore. The controlling depth to the milldamn is 5 feet at mean low water in a channel whose width has been reduced by inflow of sand on the sides; above the milldam the controlling depth is about 21 feet. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $121,266.19, of which $94,956.40 was for new work and $26,309.79 was for maintenance. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided: RIVERS AND IARBORS-FIRST NEW" YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 283 That no part of this appropriation shall be expended for the improvement of the harbor at Mattituck above the milldam until the local authorities shall have replaced the existing dam and bridge by a bridge with suitable draw spans. The draw span was installed and approved April 21, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There is one small landing open to general use, and several private trestles at which landings are made. The commerce is of such a light nature that much of it can be handled from small boats run up on the shore. These facilities are adequate for the commerce as it exists. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The project south of the milldam is not of sufficient depth to permit the carrying of freight in large quanti- ties to the village, and freight rates have not been affected. Oyster dredges and other small craft use the harbor north of the milldam, and it is also used as a harbor of refuge by a limited number of ves- sels. Investigation indicates that about 390 vessels use the harbor in a year, of which about 40 vessels use it solely as a harbor of refuge. Proposed operations.--The available funds will be applied to maintenance either by dredging or by repairing the jetties as may appear most effective. Unless some unexpected emergency arises, the work will be deferred until more moderate prices prevail. When begn the funds will be expended at a probable rate of $4,000 a moth and will be exhausted in two months. No additional funds are asked for the year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.--The principal commodities handled dur- ing the current year were oysters and shells, these being typical of recent years. The improvement has afforded a harbor of refuge for oyster dredges and numerous pleasure craft, and has benefited all water-borne commerce of the harbor, as the whole of it passes through the improved channel. The usual limit of draft for the oyster boats, the principal commercial craft, is about 7 feet. Complaints have been received to the effect that shipments of freight to and from the village can not be made to any considerable extent on account of the insufficient depth provided by the existing project south of the mill- dam. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ..................... 2,413 $15,000.00 1917.................... 2,083 $59,585.00 1915..................... 1,312 4,875.00 1918...................... 5,399 21,775 1916...................... 7, 755 186, 650.00 1Reliable data for this harbor have always been hard to obtain. The figures given are the best that could be secured from the usual available source. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting re- ceipts from sales, etc., amounting to $13.21: New work---____--------------------------------------- $94, 956. 40 Maintenance ------------------------------------- 26, 309. 79 Net total expended- - --------- 121, 266. 19 Total appropriations to date of this report- ------ .------- -129,750.00 284 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ....... ......................... I.......... ............... Expended for maintenance 1...........$.. $878.60 $431.51 $92.05 $150.00 $31.02 Appropriated or allotted............................................ ............ 5,000.00 1Not deducting reoeipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-------------------------$3, 514. 83 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 -------------------------------------- ------------------ 5, 000. 00 8, 514. 83 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 31. 02 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended .----------------------- 8, 483. 81 Amount (.estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------- 260. 00 7------------------ 173, 12. GREAT SOUTH BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a lagoon inside the south shore line of Long Island, N Y., about 26 miles long and 2 to 6 miles wide. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow sand beach. The section under improvement lies between Fire Island Inlet, about 38 miles east of the entrance to New York Harbor, and the head of navigation in Patchogue River, at Patchogue, N. Y., about 60 miles east of New York City. Patchogue River is tidal and extends north from Great South Bay to a point 2 miles north of Patchogue. The distance from Fire Island Inlet to the head of navigation in the river is 17 miles. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1214. Original condition.-The section covered by the project was a series of natural channels with depths varying from 10 to 20 feet and shoals with depths varying from 7.5 to 10 feet at mean low water, the dis- tance from Fire Island Inlet to the mouth of Patchogue River being 16 miles. The river varied in width from 160 to 500 feet, with depths at mean low water varying from 0 to 8 feet. The distance from the shore of Great South Bay to the head of navigation at Division Street, Patchogue, was about 0.75 mile. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. It was completed in 1902 at cost of $40,000. Records do not show how much of this was for main- tenance. No further expenditures have been made under that project. For further details of previous projects see page 1773 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from Fire Island Inlet to the central basin in Great South Bay and a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the central 'basin in the bay to the head of naviga- tion in Patchogue River. The length of section included in the project is about 17 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tides is about 1 foot; of spring tides 1.1 feet; and of storm tides probably 3 to 4 feet. All tides are greatly affected by storm and wind conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, nlmade in 1900, is 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 285 $66,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1900) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 103, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map, see page 2018 of Annual Report for 1916. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No field work was done; there was expended $2.83 in the payment of contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 60 per cent com- pleted. Of the projected channels through three bars in the bay, only the easterly one, "bar C," was dredged; it is reported as nearly obliterated. Due to changes in Fire Island Inlet, deepening of these bars, which amounted to about 57 per cent of the project, is not now required. The channel in Patchogue River, dredged 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide, is in fair condition. The east jetty, built under the previous project and repaired partly with riprap and partly as a sand spit, continues serviceable. The controlling depth is about 8 feet. The total expenditure under the existing project is $132,112.17, of which $59,820.82 was for new work and $72,291.35 was for main- tenance. Local cooperation.---In 1893 local parties dredged a small channel near the mouth of the river east of that dredged by the United States, and when the middle ground was removed .the width was increased to about 150 feet, and leaving a small area for anchorage purposes. During the fiscal year 1913 local residents furnished, free of cost to the United States, areas suitable for the disposal of dredged materials. In connection with the sand spit built on the east side of the chan- onel, the owner of the abutting shore front is to do certain maintenance work on the structure in return for a revocable permit to occupy it. Terminal facilities.-Two public wharves--one at the foot of Laurel Street and one at the foot of Mulford Street-were constructed and are maintained by the town of Brookhaven with funds obtained by local taxation. There is an extension bulkhead landing at the head of Patchogue River, used for commercial purposes, and several smaller private landings. These facilities are adequate to the water- borne commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities, see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-So far as can be ascertained, freight rates have not been materially affected, but shipyards and other local in- dustries have been made accessible to vessels and lighters of shallow draft, and Patchogue River is used to a considerable extent for winter storage of various craft. Proposed operations.-None. Deterioration by shoaling is grad- ual, and further maintenance work is not required at present. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articlesnot previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities handled during the current year were fish, shellfish, coal and other fuel, and lumber, these being typical of preceding years. No changes in transportation lines have been noted. All of the commerce of Patchogue River is benefited by the improvement, as it all uses the dredged channel. The draft of vessels varies from about 2 to 7 feet, but 5 or 6 feet is the usual limit for loaded craft. 286 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Comparative statement, Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 19141... ............ 9 966.0 3103, 892 1917..................... 17,857.0 $125,441 1915..................... 18,434.5 132, 884 1918................... 12,999.0 137,064 1916 19,572.0 148, 516 1 Patchogue River only. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $183.92: New work ----------------------------------------- $99, 820. 82 Maintenance -------------------------------- 291. 35 7__-- 72, Net total expended ___ _ ____ _____----------172, 112. 17 Total appropriations to date of this report_ ________-___-___ 173, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .................. .... ................. .... ...... ............ Expended for maintenance 1........ $542.61 $2,774.18 $22, 033.18 $157.84 $2.83 Appropriated or allotted ................. 5,000.00. .. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended______-______ _______,__ __-- $890. 66 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance .. 2. 83 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____--- __------_______ 887. 83 13. BROWNS CREEK, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a narrow, crooked tidal stream flowing south and emptying into Great South Bay, Long Island, near Sayville, N. Y., 12.5 miles northeast of Fire Island Inlet, and 55 miles east of New York City. It has its source in two small lakes 1.5 miles north of Great South Bay. The lelgth of the creek is 1.8 miles, the widths varying from 75 to 200 feet. The section under improvement extends from the 6-foot contour in Great 'South Bay about 6.500 feet to the Sayville Highway Bridge, at the head of navigation. The drainage area is 12 square miles. Ordinarily only a very small quantity of fresh water finds its outlet through this stream. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1214. Original condition.-A channel varying in width from 20 to 200 feet and in depth from 0.4 of a foot to 4 feet at mean low water existed from Great South Bay to the Sayville Highway Bridge, at the head of navigation, a distance of about 1 mile. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour in Great South Bay for a distance of 1,850 feet and thence, with same width, 4 feet deep to the head of navigation at the Sayville Highway Bridge; and also for two stone jetties to protect the entrance, the east jetty to be 1,400 feet long and the west jetty 1,600 feet long. The total length RIVERS AND HARBORS---FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 287 of channel under improvement is about 6,500 feet. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tides is about 1 foot; of spring tides about 1.1 feet; and of storm tides probably 3 to 4 feet. All tides are greatly affected by storm and wind conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1889, is $46,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600. The existing project was adopted by-the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 22, 51st Cong., 1st sess). For latest published map, see House Document No. 991, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. No funds were available. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The dredging is 70 per cent completed and the jetties 33 per cent, making about 50 per cent com- pletion of the project. The channel has been dredged 100 feet wide for a length of about 3,000 feet, the outer 1,850 feet being 6 feet deep and the rest 4 feet. The controlling depth is between 3 and 3.5 feet. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $51,000, of which $25,000 was for new work and $26,000 was for maintenance. Local cooperation.-No local cooperation has been required by law. In 1912 a local commercial organization at Sayville, N. Y., had the dredging operations continued northward a distance of about 1,800 feet to a depth of 4 feet at mean low water for a width of-14O feet. The cost of this work was $2,000, and the amount was raised by popular subscription. Disposal areas for dredged materials have from time to time been provided without cost to the United States. Terminal facilities.-The town of Islip has erected and maintains four public wharves on the creek, two on the west side in the village of Sayville and two on the east side in the village of Bayport, N. Y. A statement of the cost of construction of these terminals is not avail- able. The funds were derived from local taxation. There are other private landings of temporary construction and part of the tonnage is unloaded from boats direct to the shore. The facilities are ade- quate for.the amount and kind of commerce involved. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty- third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-There has been no appreciable effect on freight rates. The creek now serves as an excellent harbor of refuge and as winter quarters for the numerous oyster and fishing boats which work in that vicinity. Proposed operations.-None. The completion of the project is not urgent, and it is expected that no work of maintenance will be especially needed before 1921. Recommnended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities handled dur- ing the current year were building materials and fish, these being typical of preceding years. No changes in transportation lines have been noted. The improvement has benefited all commerce on the creek, as all of it uses the improved channel. The draft of loaded vessels varies from about 3 to 7 feet, but 5 feet is probably the usual limit. It is not practicable to state proportionate amounts of freight carried by the different classes of boats. 125851-ENG 1919-- 19 288 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.................... 124,116 18536,300 1917.................... 7, 287 8101,115 1915................. 2 8, 998 2 97, 375 1918.................... 8, 641 177,770 196....................... 17,007 .140, 308 1 This statement is believed to include the bay products, landed at wharves on the shores of Great South Bay, east and west of .Browns Creek. A small percentage only of these bay products are handled via Browns .Creck. 2 The large decrease in the valuation of articles handled during the year is attributed to an unusually bad fishing season. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.38: New work-------- -------------------------------- $25, 000. 00 Maintenance----------- ----- 26, 000. 00 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 51, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report_ ______ ---- ____ 51, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. .1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.......................................................... Expended for maintenance 1....... 69.75 536. 06 $10,228.24 . $29611......... Appropriated or allotted. .................. 2,000.00 .......... ...- : ............ '-.... .... .. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 14. JAMAICA BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation in the south shore of Long Island, the entrance being about 8 miles east of the Narrows, New York Harbor. It includes a total area of about 18 square miles and is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by Rockaway Beach. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 120. Original condition.-The dimensions of the channels in use were (depths being below mean low water): Two entrance channels, one from the sea about 8,000 feet long, 800 feet wide, and 10 to 14 feet minimum depth, subject to frequent changes, and the other from New York Harbor via Coney Island Channel, about 12,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 10 feet deep; interior channels of ample width and depth near the entrance decreasing to less than 3 feet depth and 200 feet width at the heads of navigation, distant, respec- tively, 6 and 10 miles from the entrance. There were several minor channels in the bay used by small fishing boats at high tide. The mean range of tides is 42 feet. Previous project.-There was no previous project for improving Jamaica Bay as a whole. The river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, provided for the excavation of. a channel 60 feet wide and 5 feet deep from the entrance to Bass Channel to Bayswater Avenue, Far Rockaway. This channel was completed in 1893 at a cost of $9,460. For further details of previous project, see page 1770 of Annual Re- port for 1915. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y, DISTRICT. 289 Existing project.-This is a cooperative project for making a gen- eral harbor in Jamaica Bay by dredging an entrance channel and protecting it by one or two riprap jetties, as may prove necessary, and by dredging a main interior channel along the west and north sides of the bay, at the expense of the United States, the city of New York to make these channels of service by dredging basins, bulkheading the water front, and making suitable highway and rail connections with the up.land. It provides for making and main- taining a channel with wid ~i of 500 feet and depth of 18 feet at mean low water, to be increased as the needs of commerce require and as may be further authorized by Congress to a width of 1,500 feet for the entrance channel and 1,000 feet for the interior channel, and to a maximum depth throughout of 30 feet. The length of chan- nel included in the project is 12 miles; mean range of tides, 41 feet; spring tides, about 51 feet; irregular fluctuations, due to winds and barometric pressure, about 3 feet -below mean low water and 3 feet above mean high water at the entrance; inside the bay, prob- ably somewhat less, but observations insufficient for determination. Approved estimate of cost to the United States for original work not to exceed $7,430,000 in any event; to the city of New York, from $13,565,360 to $70,000,000, according to the extent of works under- taken. Approved estimate of cost of maintaining the 30-foot en- trance channel, $55,600 annually. The project is described and a map printed in House Document No. 1488, Sixtieth Congress, second session, and was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The New York Harbor seagoing dredges, best adapted to work in the entrance channel, were leased to other and more urgent work. No improvement was conducted by the city of New York under the cooperation project. The amount expended during the year was $1,176.77 for office expenses, chargeable as maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The estimated proportion of proj- ect completed is: Portion to be done by the United States, 3 per cent; portion to be done by the city, less than 1 per cent; total, 1 per cent. The entrance channel has been deepened to 17 feet, and the main interior channel for a section 8,800 feet north from deep water at Barren Island has been deepened from 3 to 18 feet at mean low water with width of 500 feet. The only benefit to navigation has resulted from the increased depth at the entrance and a narrow channel to Mill Island. The work remaining to complete the project is: The comple- tion and protection of the entrance channel, and extension of the main interior channel for 7 miles, at the expense of the United States, and the completion, by the city of New York, of Mill Basin, the construction of five other basins, bulkheading all the basins and the main channel and building roads for access to the basins. The controlling depth through the section under improvement is 171 feet at mean low water. Total expenditures by the United States under the existing project, $241,897.21 of which $232,630.39 was for new work and $9,266.82 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-In adopting this project the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, prescribed that no part of the amount appro- 290 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. priated ($250,500) should be expended until the Secretary of War was satisfied that the city of New York was prepared to undertake' its part of the general plan for the improvement of Jamaica Bay as outlined in the report cited above; and the appropriations in the river and harbor acts of July 25, 1912, and March 4, 1913, were made sub- ject to the condition that from these amounts the Secretary of War might reimburse the city of New York each month for the dredging and the disposition of dredged material of the preceding month at the actual unit price per cubic yard, place measurement, provided such cost does not exceed 8 cents per cubic yard. To meet these con- ditions the city of New York appropriated $1,000,000 toward its part of the proposed work, to be applied by the department of docks and ferries as follows: For construction of a bulkhead or wall, $50,000; for dredging in the main channel of Jamaica Bay, contingent upon provision for reimbursement by the United States for all or part of the cost of said dredging, $150,000; for acquiring lands needed for filling purposes, $750,000, the application of the other $50,000 being otherwise provided for. This action was accepted as satisfactory by the Secretary of War in 1912. The city of New York, however, has expended but a small part of this sum as yet, chiefly on surveys, inspections, and similar work. The only work done to make the in- creased depths available for navigation is the deepening of Mill Creek Basin to 18 feet at mean low water for 100 feet width. Terminal facilities.-Besides the landings at Barren Island, Canarsie, and other points built before the improvement was begun and little affected by it, there are bulkheads made by the city and by private parties in Mill Creek Basin which are partly used and may be used to greater extent when land approaches are sufficient. The existing facilities are fairly adequate to the existing commerce, but are wholly inadequate to the commerce anticipated and for which the project was adopted. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-No reduction of freight rates or other benefits result from the improvement in its present stage. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds to deepening the entrance channel to 20 feet at mean low water to make it safe for 18-foot draft in rough weather, with 500 feet width; estimated to require about 12 months' work, at cost of $160,000. The importance of this is increased by the required needs of transporta- tion facilities for the United States reservation on Rockaway Beach. The rest of the funds will be available to reimburse the city of New York for further excavation of the main interior channel, but it is not proposed to undertake this until there is evidence that the city will make the channel useful by dredging inland basins and building roads to make the water front accessible. It is not possible to say when this will be done. There is no present prospect that the avail- able funds will be exhausted before June 30, 1921, and no estimate for additional funds is submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-Under authority of sec- tion 14 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, the Chief of Engineers submitted January 10, 1916 (H. Doc. No. 554, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), a modification of the approved project, reducing the amount of work to be done to what will be of use 'at the time it is done. It RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 291 contemplates an entrance channel 20 by 500 feet, in place of one of 18 feet depth and 500 feet width in the original project, and reduces the width of the main interior channel but extends it entirely around the bay, both dimensions to meet current needs, not to exceed a depth of 18 feet with a width of 200 feet. A new provision is that this wider channel shall be dredged only when expenditures by the city of New York subsequent to July 1, 1916, are at least as great as those by the United States subsequent to that date. This modification of project would reduce the .estimated cost of completion to $1,273,000, and the cost of maintaining the interior channel to $20,000 a year. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The freights consist of garbage and refuse to Barren Island disposal works, fertilizer products, coal, building materials, lead and tin, mineral oils, road materials, etc. The limits of draft of vessels engaged in this traffic are from 3 to 14 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914....... ....... 768,550 $5, 171, 668 1917..................... 256.011 88, 171,231 1915.................. 750, 867 7, 049, r95 1918....... ................ 168550 6, 204,397 1916.................... 736,775 9,887,021 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $182.23: New work----------------------------------------- $242,090. 39 Maintenance _____ _----------- 9, 266. 82 Net total expended---------------------------------- 251, 357. 21 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 709,960. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1............ . ........... $11,251.74 $28, 479.86 $36,160.01 ......... Expended for maintenance 1....... 8,123.70 ........ ...................... 1, 176.67 Appropriated or allotted........................... ..... .................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended __--------------------------- $459, 745. 91 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919--------------- -- 33. 55 459, 779. 46 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for mainte- nance ---- _____----------- 1, 176. 67 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----------------------------458, 602. 79 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ----------------------------- 7. 19 July 1, 1919, balance available----------------------------458, 595. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------- ------- __-_-_2 6,738,780.00 ' Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Z2Exclusive of available funds. 292 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 15. SHEEPSHEAD BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a bay on the south side of Long Island, 14 miles by water southeast from the Battery and 81 miles northeast from Sandy Hook. It is 6,000 feet long and from 250 to 1,000 feet wide. It is open to the east and is separated from the ocean on the south by the east end of Coney Island. The section under improvement is the entrance channel, which extends from deep water in the Atlantic Ocean to deep water in Sheepshead Bay, a distance of about one-quarter of a mile. See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 1215. Original condition.-The entrance to Sheepshead Bay has under- gone many changes during the last 80 years. In 1881 the inlet was about a mile to the eastward of its present location. Originally there were numerous shoals in the bay, and the channel depths ranged from 1 to 13 feet at mean low water. There was a tidal flow through Coney Island Creek, a narrow, tortuous stream, about 3 miles in length, connecting Sheepshead and Gravesend Bays, but the prac- tical head of navigation in Sheepshead Bay was about 0.8 mile west of the present entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. At the close of the fiscal year 1895 a total of $26,000 had been expended on the work. No further ex- penditures have been made in connection with this project. The records do not permit the separation of maintenance cost from the total. For further details of previous projects see page 1771 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep, at mean low water, from the 6-foot contour in the ocean to the corresponding contour in Sheepshead Bay, a length of 2,200 feet. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tides is about 4.8 feet; of spring tides, about 5.7 feet; and of storm tides, about 8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $13,600, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. There has never been any approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. Shoaling of the channel is gradual and the project is of such recent date that no accurate estimate for maintenance can be submitted at this time. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 959, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see page 732 of Annual Report for 1884. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. The total expenditures for office ex- penses and contingencies amounted to $22.01, all charged to mainte- nance. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The last examination showed that the course of the channel was somewhat changed, due to movement of the banks, but the controlling depth was still 6 feet, with widths from 60 to 400 feet. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $10,073.43, of which $7,827.59 was for new work and $2,245.84 was for mainte- nance. Local cooperation.-In 1884 and in 1913 local property owners furnished disposal areas and retaining bulkheads for excavated ma- terials. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. -29"3 Terminal facilities.-The city of New York owns a wooden retain- ing bulkhead along the entire length of the south and west sides of the bay, and this bulkhead is open to the public for pleasure, but not for commercial purposes. Freights are handled at private bulkheads and float stages, which are sufficient for the local commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Sheepshead Bay is used but slightly for commercial purposes, and on this account freight rates have not been noticeably affected, but large numbers of pleasure and fishing boats and the ferryboats to Rockaway Point have been benefited by the improvement. A count of boats in the bay on June 4, 1917, showed 1,009. Proposed operations.-No dredging is now required, but if the channel shoals sufficiently to necessitate redredging prior to the close of the next fiscal year, the available funds will be expended in remov- ing shoals. The rate of expenditure will be about $3,000 per month while dredging is in progress, and the balance will be exhausted in 2 months. No estimate is made for the fiscal year 1921, as deterioration of the channel is by gradual shoaling, and it is not believed that additional funds will be required for expenditure during that year. Recommended modifications of project.---None. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities handled during the current year consisted of petroleum products and ice. The nature of the commerce.has not been affected by the improvement, but the number of fishing-party boats, ferryboats, and motor and sail boats increases each year. Three ferry lines maintain regular schedules during the summer season, carrying large numbers of passengers to near-by beaches and summer resorts, and the fishing-party boats operate practically all year. Comparative statement. lendar year. a, Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914................. ... 3,593 $144,777 1917....................... 850 41,086 1915...................... 11,654 82,756 1918................... 2,212 154,460 1916..................... 1,146 49,080 It is not practicable to state, accurately, limiting drafts, but, aside from rowboats and canoes, the drafts range from about 2 to 8 feet. Probably 6 feet is a fair average for the commercial vessels. Financialsumary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.70: New work-___ -------------- ------- _-- $33, 827. 59 Maintenance ------------------------- ----------------- 2. 245. 84 Net total expended---- --- ------ 36,073. 43 Total appropriations to date of this report---------_ -44, 600. 00 294 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .................................................. Expended for maintenance 1.............. $816.59 $646.88 $378.03 $386.03 $22.01 Appropriated orallotted................. 5, 0. ........... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended____________________________ $8, 547. 58 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ___________________ 1. 00 8, 548. 58 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for maintenance_ 22. 01 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------------------- _____ 8, 526. 57 16. NEW YORK HARBOR: AMBROSE, MAIN SHIP, BAYSIDE, AND GED- NEY CHANNELS, INCLUDING UPPER BAY AND CRAVEN SHOAL, AND CHANNEL BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND AND HOFFMAN AND SWIN- BURNE ISLANDS. Location and description.--The works included under the above title are in the Lower Bay and in the lower part of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor. The Lower Bay is 330 miles southwest by water from Boston Harbor, Mass., and 165 miles northeast from the en- trance to Delaware Bay, N. J. and Del. New York Harbor consists of the Upper Bay, 4 miles long and 4 miles wide, connected with the Lower Bay by the Narrows, over a mile in width. The Lower Bay is triangular, extending 1"2 miles inland, With one side about 6 miles long open to the sea, from which it is separated by a broad bar crossed by five channels. Two of these channels have been improved under this title--Ambrose Channel and the Gedney-Bayside Channel, with its extension, Main Ship Channel. The inner end of these channels in the Lower Bay is 10 miles south from the Battery, New York City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1000.) Original condition.-In the Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel the natural depth across the bar was 23.7 feet, with a width of about 500 feet. Inside the bar the depths were greater, and a total length of 9 miles required dredging to make 30 feet depth. Ambrose Chan- nel had a natural available depth of about 16 feet for a width of 2,000 feet. These channels form separate routes across the shoals in lower New York Harbor. The Upper Bay opposite the anchorage grounds has a natural depth of 40 feet or more with a minimum width outside the necessary anchorages of 370 feet, limiting the 40- foot entrance channel in that part of its route. Craven Shoal is a shoal near the west edge of the harbor entrance about 14 miles above the inner end of Ambrose Channel, having a least depth of 19.6 feet. The channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands is the route between Quarantine Anchorage and the Quaran- tine Islands, lying west of the entrance channel and separated from it by West Bank; this channel is 21 miles long with available mean low-water depths of 10 feet to Hoffman Island and 8 feet to Swin- burne Island, and having width of about 50 feet, with channel banks not defined. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 295 Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the Ambrose Channel 40 feet deep and 2,000 feet wide, extending from the sea to deep water in the Lower Bay, length about 7.5 miles; for an extension of this channel, with the same depth and width, in the Upper Bay opposite the anchorage grounds, length about 3.5 miles; for the Main Ship- Bayside-Gedney Channel, 30 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide, extend- ing from the sea to deep water in the Lower Bay, length about 1D0 miles; for the removal of Craven Shoal to a depth of 30 feet; for a channel 16 feet deep, 200 feet wide, and about 12,500 feet long, ex- tending from Bell Buoy 13A to Hoffman and Swinburne Islands; and for the collection and removal of drift. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean rise of tide is 4.6 feet; the mean range of spring tides 5.6 feet. Irregular fluctuations, due to wind and barometric pressure, are from 3 to 4 feet below mean low water, usually in the month of February, and from 3 to 3- feet above mean high water, occasionally in the early autumn. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1915, is $7,211,000. The latest (1915) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $256,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for the Main Ship- Bayside-Gedney Channel, and the dimensions of this channel were fixed by the Secretary of War December 27, 1886, under authority of the act of Augdst 5, 1886 (Annual Reports for 1887, p. 62; 1888, p. 63); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the Ambrose Channel (H. Doc. No. 159, 55th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the maintenance of the entrance channels under one head; the act of March 4, 1915, provided for the collection and re- moval of drift, reported separately; the act of August 8, 1917, pro- vided for extending the Ambrose.Channel into the Upper Bay oppo- site the anchorage grounds (H. Doc. No. 518, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), for the removal of Craven Shoal (H. Doc. No. 557, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and for the channel to the Quarantine Islands (H. Doc. No. 625, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of Ambrose Channel is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 1734, and the latest publish.ed maps of the other localities in their respective project documents. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work of improve- ment was carried on, the expenditures for the year being for upkeep of the dredging plant. The three dredges belonging to the New York Harbor improvement were leased during the entire year, excepting intervals for repairs. The dredge Raritan was designated for over- seas service, and from September 13 to November 11 was fitting out for that work, and was practically ready to start when the armistice was declared; thereafter until January 2 she was being restored to order for work in the Hudson River. So much of the cost of this work as resulted in improving the dredge for home duty, $36,593.84, was paid from New York Harbor, funds, the rest from allotments made from funds for prosecution of the war. The survey of Ambrose Channel, but just begun at the close of the last fiscal year, was suspended to avoid conflict with regulations as to use of the entrance channels during the war; it has been resumed with the summer season of 1919. 296 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The United States survey boats have been engaged upon main- tenance of channels by collection and removal of drift during most of the year (see report on that subject, p. 329). The amount expended was as follows: New work. Mainte- nance. Total. Ambrose Channel......................... ............. ..... $234,985.10 $234,985.10 Maintenance, including Ambrose Channel and Gedney and Main Ship channels, and Upper Bay and Craven Shoal....................... 32,545.92 32, 545.92 Channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands.............. ............................... ...... ............................ Total............... .... .................................. 267,531.02 267,531.02 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The entrance channels have been completed-the Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel in 1891 and the Ambrose Channel in 1914. Work has not yet been begun on the Upper Bay Channel opposite the anchorage grounds upon Craven Shoal or upon channel between Staten Island and the Quarantine Islands, and their condition has not materially changed from the original condition reported. The depth in the Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel has been increased from 23.7 feet to 30 feet. The width, dredged to 1,000 feet, has since decreased to 500.feet in the narrowest part of Main Ship Channel. The depth in Ambrose Channel has been increased from 16 feet to 40 feet over a width of 2,000 feet and has been fully maintained. The controlling depths are: Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel, 30) feet; Ambrose Channel, 40 feet. The 30-foot channel was constructed at cost of $1,518,024.52 (excluding the $116,530 applied to removing wreck and sunken rock as per H. Doc. No. 1491, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The 40-foot channel, estimated to cost $6,688,000, was completed with a gross expenditure of $5,165,550.21; deducting the value of the plant in hand on completion, April 17, 1914, the net cost was $4,225,546.21, a saving of $2,462,000. In both these figures of cost is included $372,- 372.40 applied to necessary work of maintenance during the period of construction, but not expenditures ($893,270.97) for maintenance of this and other harbor channels after completion. In the table following are shown the total expenditures to June 30, 1919: Projects for Ambrose Channel; Main Ship, Bay Side, and Gedney Channels, and maintenance, including Ambrose Channel and Upper Bay and Craven Shoal; and channel between Hoffman and Swinburne Islands. For new For mainte- Total. work. nance. 30-foot entrance.................................... . $1,634,554.52 $1,218,858.20 $2,853,412.72 40-foot entrance (Ambrose Channel) .................. .. 4,312,599.40 454,039.65 4,766,639.05 Channel between Hoffman and Swmburne Islands...... 50.35 ... 0.35 5............ Total................................... 5,947,204.27 1,672,897.85 7, 620,102.12 Local cooperation.-Nonehas been required. Terminal facilities.-The harbor above the Narrows, including the Upper Bay, the Hudson River to Spuyten Duyvil, the Harlem, and the East River to College Point, has about 105 miles of water RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 297 front, of which 86 miles is covered by piers, the unused front being mainly in those parts of the Hudson and Harlem Rivers where steep, rocky shores make development difficult. On 171 miles of water front the city of New York owns 252 piers, of which 10 are taken over by the United States, 138 are otherwise leased, and 104 are open to the public at fixed rates. Including piers of private and corporate ownership, the United States is now occupying over 30 of the largest piers in the harbor. The piers now built are not sufficient to afford fair accommodation to the harbor business, which was vastly increased during the war. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect upon freight rates is not,.trace- able, being obscured by various other causes. The improvement has made it possible for the largest ships to enter and leave at all normal stages of tide; without it none of them would have been able to enter or leave the harbor when loaded. A ship with reported draft of 42 feet 10 inches passed out via Ambrose Channel in the spring of 1919. Proposedoperations.-Thefunds now available (including those de- rived from the river and harbor act of 1919) will be applied to main- tenance of New York Harbor by removing any shoals which may obstruct the entraice channels and by collection and removal of drift at estimated average cost to New York Harbor funds of $1,400 a month; to beginning the widening of the channel opposite the anchor- age grounds with United States plant and hired labor when the plant is not required for more urgent work elsewhere; and to beginning the channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands. The rate at which the funds will be used while work on these channels is actively prosecuted is about $30,000 a month; the date when they will be exhausted depends upon the return of the leased plant, which can not now be anticipated. It is proposed to apply the estimate of $200,000 submitted for the fiscal year 1921 to maintenance of the main entrance channels to New York Harbor, removing such shoals as may be found to obstruct or interfere with navigation. The location of such shoals can not be foreseen or described. Ships are now loading to greater depths than ever before, requiring the full depth in the harbor entrance, and any shoaling there becomes of great importance. No estimates are submitted for the other work included in the project. It is believed that the funds now available will be sufficient to put and keep these channels in usable condition. Recomnmended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-No complete records of domestic or coast- wise commerce are available. The following table contains a record of foreign commerce only: Comparative statement. Fiscal year. Short tons. Value. Fiscal year. Short tons. Value. 1914.......... ..... 15,238,057 $2,056,847,222 1917................24,007,169 $5,586,740,276 1915................ 17,885,893 2,216,337,518 1918............... 18,407,667 3,917,355,373 1916................ 22,963,249 3,743,430,013 298 REPORT OF CHIEF OF.ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financial summary. AMBROSE CHANNEL. Amount expended on all projects to Jine .30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $608,681.76:1 New work----- -------- ----------------------. $4, 31 ;99. 40 Maintenance_ ___-_- _ .454039. 65 Net total expended -- ------ - 4, 766,639. 05 Total appropriations to date of this report_________________ 4, 924, 530. 88 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................. ....... ... .. ......... ........... . ............. Expended for maintenance 2............. $138, 130.74 $49, 409.10 $34, 479.94 $107,636.74 $234,985.10 Appropriated or allotted................ .. .... ............................... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__-__--__- __-- _- _____--$103, _ 099. 18 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1.919----__ ------------ 289, 777. 75 392, 876. 93 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 2_ 234, 985. 10 July 1, 1919, balance unexpende.d ----------- 157, 891.83 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 2, 584. 41 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance-------------155, 307. 42 MAINTENANCE OF CHANNELS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $45,659.18:8 New work _---------------------- ---- $1, 634, 554. 52 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 1, 218, 858. 20 Net total expended------ -------------------------- 2, 853, 412. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report____________________ 3, 173, 030. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ............ ........ .. ........... ... Expended for maintenance 2............... 10, 016.56 $55, 332. 31 $29,807.80 4 $36,442.44 $32, 545.92 Appropriated or allotted..................._... ..... . 40,000.00 300,000.00 1 The amount of $723,412.35, reported in previous report, was erroneous, inasmuch as it included $2.15 pertaining to another appropriation and $114,877.38 reimbursements from other appropriations and Government offices which were erroneously reported as "receipts from sales, etc." The correct amount, which should have been shown in the previous report, is $608,532.82. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. a The amount of $45,561.32, reported in previous report, was erroneous, inasmuch as it did not include $61.50 received from sales of maps and propertyy; the correct amount should have been shown as $45,622.82. 4 The amount of $36,380.94 reported in previous report, was erroneous, and the correct amount is $36,442.44, the difference of $61.50, through error, was not included in the amount received from sales, etc., but instead was deducted from the amount of expendi- tures as a reimbursement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 29R July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_--_______ $52, 126. 84 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 300, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919--- 36. 36 352, 163. 20 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for mainte- nance ____- __________-____ 32, 545.92 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended- 319, 617. 28 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities___ 7, 005. 65 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance 312, 611. 63 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ______-_ _____ ------ 200, 000. 00 ,-_ 2 CHANNEL BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND, HOFFMAN. ISLAND, AND SWINBURNE ISLAND. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work --------------------------------------------------- $50. 35 Maintenance----------------------------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report ___--_ 125, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1.916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.............. ......... ............... .......... 50.35........ Expended for maintenance ............................. ............. ... ........ Appropriated or allotted................... ... .... ..... .......... 50,000.00 $75, 000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-...... .. . $49, 949. 65 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 -- _ -- 75,000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ - 124, 949. 65 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--- 40. 33 July 1, 1919, balance available__ 124, 909. 32 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUM1MARY FOR NEW YORK HARBOR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $654,340.94: New work_ - --------------- 5, 947, 204. 27 Maintenance - 672, 897. 85 11--------------------- Net total expended --------- 7, 620, 102. 12 Total appropriations to date of this report__ ------ 8, 222, 560. 88 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1........ ................ $50.35.. Expended for maintenance 1............ 148, 147.30 $104, 741.44 $64, 287. 74 144,079. 18 $267, 531.02 Total expended 1................ 148,147.30 104, 741.44 64,287.74 144,129.53 267,531.02 Appropriated or allotted ..................... .............. 90,000.00 375,000.00 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 300 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended______________________________ $205, 175. 67 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 ------------------------------------------------------- 75, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 300, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_________________ 289, 814. 11 869, 989. 78 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for maintenance_ 267, 531. 02 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _____________________________ 602, 458. 76 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities _________________________--9, 630. 39 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $467,919.05 available only for maintenance _______-- __--_____-------__ 592, 828. 37 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ----------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 17. NEW YORK HARBOR-CONEY ISLAND CHANNEL. Location and description.-This channel lies at the entrance to New York Harbor and is the northerly one of five channels crossing the bar. It is from 1,500 to 6,000 feet from the Coney Island shore. It is the connecting channel between New York Harbor and Jamaica Bay entrance, and is also frequently used by dump scows returning from sea. The channel is shown on U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369, but it is not named. Original condition.-The channel had a natural depth of about 10 feet and a width of 500 to 2,000 feet. Its length was about 3 miles, with the shoalest water on the western third. The eastern 2 miles had natural depths of 16 to 20 feet. Previous project.--There have been no previous projects. On two occasions allotments were made for removing shoals in this channel. For further details of work done see page 1768 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 600 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water and 7,000 feet in length between 20- foot contours. Mean tidal variations, 4.6 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from about 3 feet below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, is $168,300, and for maintenance $20,000 annually. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 442, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Operation and results during fiscal year.---No excavation was done. The existing channel meets the present needs and no dredge has been available with which the channel could be economically deepened. Occasional examinations of the channel have been made, and the filling has been found to be but little. There were expended in part payment of office expenses and contingencies $66.03. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about one-half com- pleted. The depth has been increased from 10 feet at mean low water 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 301 to about 20 feet for a distance of 4,000 feet and for widths varying from 300 to 600 feet. The controlling depth is 18 feet. To complete the project there remains the widening of the shoal at the west end to 600 feet and the deepening of the eastern part to 20 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $123,021.23, of which it is estimated that $111,371.21 were for new work and $11,650.02 were for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are two privately owned piers from Coney Island for summer passenger travel and not extending to the channel. They are sufficient for this use. Commercially the channel is part of the water route between New York Harbor and Jamaica Bay. For full description of terminal"facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has had no effect upon freight rates. It has facilitated the trips of scows carrying dredgings to the public dumping ground, of barges carrying refuse to Barren Island, and of commerce with Jamaica Bay in general. Proposed operations. It is proposed to,apply the available funds to examinations of the channel from time to time. The channel in its present condition meets all urgent demands of navigation, and no additional funds are now asked for. " Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce through Coney Island Chan- nel consists mainly of ashes and garbage to the Barren Island disposal works, of fuel, building materials, and general merchandise. There is a large excursion traffic to and from Coney Island and Rockaway Beach during the summer months. The Barren Island commerce, 42,380 tons, is carried in barges and scows of 9-11 feet draft; the gen- eral commercial freight, 168,550 tons, in barges and canal boats of 8-12 feet draft; the passenger traffic in steamers of about 8 feet draft. No new lines of transportation have been established, nor have any previous lines been abandoned. No changes in the nature of the com- merce have resulted from the improvement. Comparative statement. Calendar ear. Freight Estimated Passengers (short tons). value. carried. 1914*...................... ............................ 768,550 $5,256,680 1,178,868 1915............... .. ........................................ .... 750,867 7,049795 893,459 1916.......................................................... 736,775 9,887,021 870,318 1917 ................ .. ... ........................ 256,011 8,171,231 123,248 1918 ...................... . .............. ..................... 168,550 6,204, 397 97, 785 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.67: New work___________-------------------- $111, 371. 21 Maintenance---------------------------- 11, 650. 02 Net total expended-- - -- -- 021. 23 -23,1-------- Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 124, 300, 00 302 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........................ Expended for maintenance 1.............. $957.22 3 $ .7 .......... . $66.03 Appropriated or allotted.............................................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__ 1, 342. 50 $_____$____________ Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919___________________ 2. 30 1, 344.80 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for maintenance 66. 03 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended'_____________________________ 1, 278. 77 18. NEW YORK HARBOR-BAY RIDGE AND RED HOOK CHANNELS. Location and description.-These channels lie along the east shore of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, and, with Buttermilk Channel, form an easterly channel along the Brooklyn water front from the Narrows to the East River. The combined length of Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels is 4 miles. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey Chart No. 369. Original condition.-Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels were navigable by lighters, barges, and similar small harbor craft. The minimum low-water depth was 7 feet in a channel about 100 feet wide and hardly distinguishable from the adjacent flats. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by act of Con- gress March 3, 1881. It was modified by acts of August 11, 1888, September 19, 1890, and August 18, 1894. A second project was adopted by act of Congress June 3, 1896, and completed in 1899. The amount expended on these projects and their modifications was $1,246,100, of which $1,090,000 was applied to Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels (as nearly as can be estimated), and $156,100 to other channels combined with them in these projects. For further detail of previous projects see page 1768 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This,provides for channels 1,200 feet wide and 40 feet deep at mean low water; length of section included in the project, 44 miles; mean rise of tide, 4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5 feet; irregular fluctuations, due to wind and barometric pres- sure, vary from about 3 feet below mean low water to 3 feet above .mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $3,459,000. The collection and removal of drift has been added to the project under authority of the river and harbor act'of March 4, 1915 (see p. 329 of this report). This project was adopted in specific terms by river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, no prior surveys or estimates for channels of these dimensions having been published. . A report upon a survey of these channels showing the depths in 1897 was printed on page 1177 of the Annual Report for 1897. The river and harbor act of 1907 author- ized prosecution of the work so as to obtain, first, a depth of 35 feet, subsequently increasing the depth to 40 feet for the full width, in accordance with the project of 1899. This permitted a change in the order of the work without a change in the project. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2150. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 303 Operations and results during fiscal year.--No dredging was done, the New York Harbor dredges being assigned to other work of greater urgency. Expenditures amounted to $458.75, for office ex- penses and contingencies, chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 96 per cent completed. Bay Ridge Channel was completed in 1915. Red Hook Channel has been dredged to between 38 and 40 feet deep and from 1,000 to 1,200 feet wide, and for 800 feet length at its south end it has been dredged to 40 feet. There has been some shoaling in portions of the channels, but the controlling depth is still 38 to 40 feet; the upper end of Bay Ridge Channel near where it meets the 26-foot Gowanus Creek project has shoaled to about 30 feet depth. To complete the project there remains the further deepening of Red Hook Channel to 40 feet at mean low water for its entire width, 1,200 feet. Total expenditures under existing project are as follows: For new work, $3,052,691.29; for maintenance, $95,011.21; total of $3,147,- 702.50. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 33 piers along these channels, the largest of which-9 belonging to the city of New York and 7 to the Bush Terminal Co.-have been taken over by the United States Ship- ping Board and the Navy. Several of the others have been devoted wholly or in part to war uses. There are three large shipyards along these waters. In Erie Basin there are active commercial wharves. The State of New York is building a barge canal terminal at the head of Bay Ridge Channel. The terminal facilities occupy practically all of the available wharf room along the water front.. They are mostly of modern equipment, but by reason of limited space are not adequate to all the requirements of the increased traffic. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect upon freight rates is obscured by other causes. The improvement has opened up to use 4 miles of water front, most of which is already occupied by large piers. Ships which prior to the improvement could not have approached this part of the water front now visit it in large numbers. Proposed operations.-Itis proposed to expend the available funds in dredging in Red Hook Channel in accordance with the adopted project, using one of the United States seagoing dredges when avail- able for the work. The experiditures on this would be approximately. $15,000 a month, including lease, and would exhaust the funds in about five months' work of one dredge. The completion of these channels is not as urgent as is work in other channels of this district, and it is not expected that the dredge will be available at once to a greater extent than the funds already appropriated will provide for; therefore, no appropriation isasked for at present. Recom/mended modifications of project.-There is now pending before Congress (see H. Doc. No. 863, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), a recom- mendation for further improvement by dredging a triangular area of about 90 acres at the junction of Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, at an estimated cost of $920,000 for new work and about $25,000 annually for maintenance. An initial appropriation of $300,000 is 125851-ENG 1919-- 20 304 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. recommended in this document and a continuing contract for the balance. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The amount of commerce reported for the last five years is: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value.' Calendar year. Short tons. Value.' 1914 ................. 8, 169,186 $360, 000,.000 1917 (estimated) ..... 2 12, 000,000 2$650, 000,000 1915 ................ 10,416,118 484,022,000 1918.................. (8) (3) 1916.................. 11,181, 206 564, 200, 000 1Valuations are approximate estimates only. 2War conditions have made it difficult to get accurate data for 1917. 8 Statistics for 1918 were not collected. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $26,205.28: New work ------------ ------------------------- $4, 298, 791. 29 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 95, 011. 21 Net total expended __- 4, 393, 802. 50 Total appropriations to date of this report__ _________- - - 4, 471, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 . Expended for new work 1.. .......... $195,769.14 $192,838.05 . $. $55,930.12 $43,124.70 ..-... Expended for maintenance '.................... .............. . .... $458.75 Total expended ...................... 195, 769.14 192,838.05 55, 930.12 43,124.70 458.75 Appropriated or allotted................... 125, 000.00 ............ 150,000.00 ... .......... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__--__-___ ____________________ $77, 752.90 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_ __ ____--___- 3. 35 77, 756. 25 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for main- tenance ------------------------------------------------- 458. 75 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ____________-_______ -77, 297. 50 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-------------- ---- 176. 43 July 1, 1919, balance available--__ - ----------- ------ - 77, 121. 07 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------------------------- 2329, 200. 00 19. NEW YORK HARBOR-GOWANUS CREEK CHANNEL. Location and description.-Gowanus Creek is a small tidal inlet extending easterly about 12 miles from the north end of Bay Ridge Channel. The section improved under the title of Gowanus Creek Channel is the lower part, from Bay Ridge Channel to the foot of 2 Exclusive or available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 305 Percival Street, Brooklyn, a length of 2,900 feet. The waterway east and northeast of Percival Street is called Gowanus Canal. Original condition.-The channel had an available depth of 11 feet, with widths from 150 to 50 feet, the channel of 9 feet depth being about 100 feet wider. Navigation extended through Gowanus Creek Channel and more than a mile farther inland, through Go- wanus Canal. The depths were as great as those immediately outside the creek, and were, therefore, sufficient at the time for such vessels as could enter. Previous projects.-The first project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of 1881. This project was modi- fied by the terms of the river and harbor act of 1888, increasing the channel dimensions. It was a part of a general project for improv- ing channels in Gowanus Bay, including Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels. The amount expended on the Gowanus Creek section of the improvement is estimated at $75,000. It is impracticable to esti- mate how much of this sum was applied to maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1769 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 26 feet deep at mean low water, extending eastward from the end of Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels at Twenty-eighth Street, for a distance of about 2 900 feet to the foot of Percival Street, with width decreasing from about 300 feet at its outer or western end to 200 feet at its inner end, as limited by harbor lines. The mean tidal range through- out Gowanus Creek is 4j feet. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of 1896. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1896, is $70,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. Annual cost of maintenance, $3,500. For latest published map of Gowanus Creek see page 919 of Annual Report for 1903. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. No funds were available. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904. The channel has now a depth of 23 feet in a narrow thread, and an available depth of 20 feet for width of 220 feet and over. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1919, have been $73,228.76, of which $70,000 have been'for new work and $3.228.76 for maintenance. Local cooperation.- None has been required by law. The State of New York has secured 50 acres of land, partly under water, with 1,000 feet front on the north side of Gowanus Creek Channel, and" has begun developing it as a barge canal terminal. The estimated cost of this terminal is $350,000, exclusive of purchase of site. Terminal facilities.-Gowanus Creek shores are practically all occupied by four piers for lumber, coal, and other local supplies; one shipyard with three large and- four small dry docks; two repair yards for small steamers; one yacht basin; a bulkhead with varying uses, and at its lower end the State Barge Canal Terminal. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement upon freight rates can not be determined. It has rendered possible a large 306 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. commerce which otherwise would have been impossible or dependent upon lighterage. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available for further work. The work of restoration and maintenance of the channel to project dimensions is of increasing importance, and an appropria- tion of $20,000 is recommended for the fiscal year 1921 for this purpose. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The project having been com~pleted and expenditures for maintenance having been unnecessary, statistics have not been collected. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work $.-__ 000.00 .$145, Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 3, 228. 76 Net total expended ----------------------------- 148, 228.76 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 148, 228. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ........................ _............ . ... ......................... Expended for maintenance ......................... $3,228.76edor .... .... ... ........... Appropriated or allotted.. .......... Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance-----------------------------------$20, 000.00 20. EAST RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-The East River is a tidal strait about 16 miles long and 600 to 4,000 feet wide connecting Hudson River and the Upper Bay at the Battery, New York City, with Long Island Sound at Throgs Neck, New York City, and separating Long Island from the mainland. The stretch between the north end of Black- wells Island and Negro Point Bluff is known as Hell Gate. The Harlem River joins the East River at Wards Island, in Hell Gate; they are also connected by Little Hell Gate between Wards and Ran- dalls Islands, and by Bronx (Harlem) Kills between Randalls Is- land and the mainland. IFive bridges, having a vertical clearance at mean high water of 135 feet, cross the river between the Battery and Lawrence Point. From the Battery to Port Morris, a distance of 103 miles, both shores are occupied by wharves, practically continu- ously, except where shoals or currents prevent access. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. Original condition.-A channel through the East River for sea- going vessels existed but was rendered dangerous by rocks and reefs scattered throughout the section extending from the Battery to Bar- retto Point, the existence of many of which was not known until struck by vessels. In Hell Gate navigators had the choice of three RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 307 channels, all of which were very narrow and wound through numer- ous scattering rocks and reefs, and the tidal currents were exceed- ingly strong; these conditions rendered navigation through the Gate extremely hazardous. The widths of these channels ranged from ap- proximately 100 to 200 feet, and their mean low-water depths from about 19 feet to 26 feet and over. Elsewhere in the river the channel of 26 feet depth ranged in width up to probably 500 feet or more. The original depths over the rocks and reefs are given under " Con- dition at end of fiscal year." Previous projects.-Priorto 1852 there was appropriated by other than river and harbor acts $13,861.59, which sum was expended in increasing the depth over various rocks in Hell Gate. On August 20, 1852, Congress appropriated $20,000 for the removal of " rocks at Hell Gate and Diamond Reef." A new. project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, which was subsequently modified in 1874 and at various times thereafter, and was enlarged by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1899, and June 25, 1910. As modified and enlarged the project provided for the removal of obstructions to the former projected depths given in the table in the paragraph Condition at end of fiscal year. The total estimated cost of all work under previous projects prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1917 was $8,791,044.59, and the total expenditures amounted to $6,239,219.04-$6,201,555.09 for new work and $37,663.95 for maintenance. The work accomplished under these projects is stated in paragraph Conditionat end of fiscal year. Existing project.--This provides for channels of the following dimensions: From deep water in the upper bay to the Brooklyn Navy Yard 40 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide; from the -Brooklyn Navy Yard to Throgs Neck 40 feet deep, with widths varying from about 550 feet to 1,000 feet, according to locality; east of Blackwells Is- land 30 feet deep and from 500 to 700 feet wide; and between South Brother and Berrian Islands 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide; also for the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 40 feet, local interests paying the cost of the work below a depth of 35 feet; for the removal of Corlears Reef to a depth of 40 feet; of Rhinelander Reef to 26 feet; for giving access to wharves off the Battery and along the Brooklyn shore below Blackwells Island to a depth of 30 feet, and along the New York shore below Blackwells Island to a depth of 25 feet; and for the collection and removal of drift. The mean range of tides varies according to locality, from 4 feet at the Brooklyn Navy Yard to 7.2 feet at the eastern entrance at Throgs Neck. The extreme range under ordinary conditions is about 5 feet at the Bat- tery and about 8.5 feet at Throgs Neck. The irregular nontidal fluctuations, due mainly to wind direction and force, vary according to locality from about 4 feet below mean low water at the Battery and about 3 feet below at Throgs Neck to about 8 feet above at the Battery and about 12 feet above at Throgs Neck. Extreme fluctua- tions are infrequent and do not affect navigation interests adversely to a serious extent. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1917, is $36,900,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,000. 308 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: Public resolution No. 67, Sixty-third Congress, third session, March 3, 1915, provided for the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 35 feet (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.), condi- tioned upon local cooperation increasing the depth to 40 feet; the acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917, provided for the main- tenance of New York Harbor and its immediate tributary waters by the collection and removal of drift, and authorized the Secretary of War to allot such amounts as may be necessary for this work fromn funds available for specific portions of New York Harbor and said tributaries; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for a channel 1,000 feet wide and 35 feet deep across Diamond Reef (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st se-s.); and the acts of August 8, 1917, and July 18, 1918, provided for a depth of. 40 feet across: Diamond Reef and through East River and Hell Gate (H. Doc. No. 146, 65th Cong., 1st sess.), and for the remaining items under the existing project (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map, see page 2116, Annual Report for 1915, and for map of Coenties Reef, see page 1964, Annual Report for 1916. Operations and results during fiscal year.-On June 14, 1918, the contractor, being of the opinion that all necessary drilling and blast -. ing in Coenties Reef had been completed, withdrew his drilling plarit. The dredging plant was employed elsewhere on emergency work at the time. Work on the reef was not resumed during the year pending adjustment of the contractor's claims under the laws of the United States and of the State of New York for work done under contracts in force April 6, 1917. It is expected that a satisfactory adjustment will be agreed" upon within a short time and that work under the contract will be resumed and completed. Dredging operations in the Diamond Reef section of the channel between the Upper Bay and the Brooklyn Navy Yard were continued throughout the year. The contractor has been greatly delayed in his work by strikes, collisions, and unstable market conditions for labor and materials. There were removed and disposed of during the year 435,713.7 cubic yards, scow measurement, of material other than rock, and 482.08 cubic yards of bowlders, at a cost of $298,753.17. Under contract with the New Jersey Shipbuilding & Dredging Co. for excavating an emergency channel in Hell Gate 500 feet wide and 35 feet deep at mean low water 56,000 square feet of area were drilled and blasted, and 34,000 square feet of area were covered by dredging operations. In this work 10,558.5 cubic yards of rock, scow measurement, were removed and disposed of. The contractor's operations have been greatly delayed by collisions. No part of the dredged area has been swept or reported as cleared to the required depth. No payments have been made to the contractor. The ex- penditures, amounting to $7,664.04, were in payment of engineering, superintendence, and contingent expenses pertaining to the work. Dredging under contract with Eugene Breymann for deepening Shell Reef between East Fifteenth and East Twenty-sixth Streets to 25 feet at mean low water was commenced June 9, 1919. There were removed and disposed of 30,351.1 cubic yards, scow measure- ment, of material other than rock, and 8.27 cubic yards of bowlders at a cost of $30,965.66. This work covered an area of 270,000 square feet immediately adjacent to the pierheads. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 309 For successful operation in the swift currents of Hell Gate and in other parts of the East River where like conditions exist drilling plant of a special design is required. Contractors do not own or control sufficient plant of suitable design to meet the needs of the United States in prosecuting the work of improvement at a rate which will satisfy the demands of commerce. The design of a rock- excavating plant to be built by the United States is now in prepa- ration, and proposals for its construction will soon be invited. Under emergency contract for the hire of plant 64.41 cubic yards of bowlders, ranging in size up to 16.71 cubic yards, were removed from a nest of bowlders close to the deep-water range in the vicinity of Coenties Reef, which could not be removed by dredging machines. The cost of this work was $2,472.50. Contract for the removal of ledge rock overlying the rapid-transit tunnel connecting Old Slip, Manhattan Borough, with Clark Street, Brooklyn Borough, was awarded to the New Jersey Shipbuilding & Dredging Co. Contract had not been entered into at the close of the fiscal year. Bids for deepening Shell Reef between Grand and East Fifteenth Streets by dredging were opened June 16, 1919. Contract for doing the work was awarded to Bowers Southern Dredging Co. Contract had not been entered into at the close of the fiscal year. Bids for removing rocky obstructions off Barretto Point are to be opened August 7, 1919. Other work consisted in the removal of 54,850 cubic feet of drift material at a cost of $5,395.69; tidal and current phenomena, so far as they may have a bearing on projected and contemplated improve- ments, were investigated at a cost of $17,965.33; surveys were made to locate reported obstructions and to secure data needed in pre- paring plans for the projected channel of 40 feet depth and for deepening the approaches to wharves; also necessary examinations and surveys were made to supply details pertaining to contractors' operations; the cost of this work was $40,871.98. The expenditures during the year amounted to $569,756.32-$569,- 260.03 for new work, and $496.29 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Under the previous project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, as modified and enlarged, about 63A per cent of the work contemplated therein had been completed up to the date of the adoption of the existing project, August 8, 1917. The construction of the dike at Mill Rock was completed by the United States in 1882, and the dike at Bread and Cheese Reef was completed by the city of New York in 1881. No further work thereunder is contemplated. Under the existing project drilling and blasting operations in Coenties Reef are thought to be completed, and about 75 per cent of the blasted rock has been removed; about 79 per cent of the dredging required in making a channel in the Diamond Reef section 1,000 feet wide has been com- pleted; about 18 per cent of an emergency channel in Hell Gate 35 feet deep and 500 feet wide has been drilled and blasted and 11 per cent has been covered by dredging.; 11 per cent of the area of Shell Reef between East Fifteenth and East Twenty-sixth Streets has been deepened to the projected depth of 25 feet. S0 - REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. As a result of the work done under all projects, rocks and reefs haveheriremoved to the depths shown in the following table: Distance Least Least Former Present Locality. water original byfrom present projected projected Battery. depth. depth. depth. depth. 1. Battery Reef....--.............. ... ............ Miles. 0 Feet. 12.8 ( Feet. 26 18 Feet. Feet. 30 2. South Ferry Reef ............................... 0 -17 19 26 30 3. Diamond Reef 1 ........ ..... 15. 7 25 25 40 4. Reef off Diamond Reef 1.............. . .... --... 19 26 26 40 5. Coenties Reef 2....... ......... ...-.... ....... 14. 3 32 26 40 6. Corlears Reef. ............................. 11.8 11.8 40 7. 6. Shrel Third Reef---- Street Reef ..-......................-..... ----------------------------- 8. Shell Reef. ................ ...................... 2 3 15.9 19 19. 2-4 7.5 13 18 25 9. Pilgrim Rock ....-........................... 3 12 24 26.. 10. Twenty-sixth Street Reef 3.......... ......... 4 16.1 26 26 .. 11. Charlotte Reef .................................... 4 14. 7 26 26 30 12. Isolated rocks .... ................. ....... .. ......... 30 13. Ferry Reef -............ ... ...................... 4 24 26 40 14. Man-of-War Rock 1.-........- .............. 4 + 0.8 26 26 40 15. Rhinelander Reef............ ..... 74 7.......... 10. 7 10. 7 26 16. Middle Reef (includes Negro Head, Flood Rock, I}en and Chickens, and Gridiron).............. 7 +6 26 26 40 17. Heel Tap Rock..... ....... 7 12. 1 20.5 26 .. 18. Hallets Point Reef ..... ....................... 7 + 4 26 26 40 19. Frying Pan Reef ............................. 9 23. 8 26 40 20. Pot Rock--... ..- --------------........---......... ... 8 8 26 26 40 21. Shell Drake Rock .............................. 8 8 26 26 40 22. Ways Reef---.......... ................-------------------------.. 5 26 26 40 23. Rock off Negro Point .................--------------------... 9 + 0.0 f 0.0 26 40 24. Scaly Rock----.....--....-------.........----------.........-----...... 9 ....... .. ... . . . 25. Middle Ground ...----------------------... - 10 11- 15.6 26 40 .2. Rocks off Port Morris ........................... 104 13.3 13.3 .... 35 27. Port Morris Shoal...------------------......................... -114 14 14 ......... 30 28. Reef off North Brother Islaad.................. 10 16 26 26 40 29. Channel between North and South Brother Islands 4. . - .. --- --- .....--- I 11} 19 19 26 40 30. North Point of North Brother Island 1...... 11 .. 40 31. Rocks off Barretto Point....................... 114 40 32. Barretto Reef............................................. 11 ........ .......... .. 26 40 1 Only such parts of these reefs as project into the proposed deep-water channel are to be removed to the projected depth of 40 feet. 2 Cost of removal to 35 feet depth to be paid by United States; local interests to pay for cost of work below that depth. 8Included in area of No. 8 (Shell Reef) to be deepened to 25 feet. 4 Three hundred feet in width deepened to 26 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1919, amounted to $850,118.69-$849,622.40 for new work and $496.29 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-Publicresolution No. 67 (63d Cong., 3d sess.), approved March 3, 1915, authorized the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water on condition that the city of New York or other local interests provide for its further removal to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. On February 4, 1916, the city of New York met this condition by adopting a resolution appropri- ating $240,000 for the removal of the reef as required; as much of this appropriatiori as may be necessary will be expended in the pay- ment of work required to be done at the expense of the city of New York. For operations under contract for removal of the reef see paragraph Operations and.results during fiscal year. Prior to 1913, local interests expended unknown amounts in the partial removal of Coenties Reef 'and in the construction of a dike connecting Bread and Cheese Reef with Blackwells Island. Terminal facilities.-Both shores of the East River from the Bat- tery, Manhattan Borough, to Hunts Point, east of Hell Gate, a length RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 311 of about 12 miles, are occupied by terminals except in limited sections where access is prevented by eddies and swift currents or by shoal water. The terminals consist of piers, bulkheads, warehouses equip- ped with modern appliances for handling freight, modern coal piers, bridges for the transfer of cars to and from floats, marine railways, dry-docks and ferry racks. Thirty per cent of the terminals are owned by the city of New York; 9 per cent are owned by rail- roads, 3 per cent by the United States, and 1 per cent by the State of New York; the remaining 57 per cent are either privately or cor- porately owned. The total available dockage measured around piers, and along bulkheads in use for commercial purposes, is about 230,000 linear feet. The United States Navy Department occupies about 2,700 feet of direct waterfront in Brooklyn Borough as a navy yard for the construction and repair of all classes of naval vessels, includ- ing large battleships of the dreadnaught class. Some of the terminals owned by the city are open to the public, some are leased for commercial purposes, and some are used by city departments. Privately owned and leased terminals are used ex- clusively for commercial purposes; none is open to the public. Most of the terminals are efficient in respect to the method of han- dling freight. The methods in use vary from the most modern freight-handling appliances to hand trucks. The appliance installed is generally that believed to be the best adapted for use in trans- ferring the particular class of 'freight to be handled. A few ter- minals in Long Island City and a few at Port Morris have direct railroad connection. In its endeavor to keep pace with the growing commerce of New York Harbor the city authorities are constantly adding to and im- proving the terminals in the East River and elsewhere in the harbor. Private capital is also being largely applied to the construction and enlargement of terminals and the State of New York has under con- struction two large terminals for use by boats navigating the State Barge Canal. All terminals are reached by well-paved highways in good condi- tion. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Docu- ment No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of the improvement.-While the benefits derived from the improvement can not be shown by its influence on freight rates or directly by the increase in tonnage, the commerce of the river is so enormous, both in tonnage and value, that every improvement which facilitates and lessens the dangers to navigation in this waterway is unquestionably justified. Perhaps the most obvious effect of the im- provement is the increase in the number of vessels of large tonnage using the river, many of which can now use the river at high stages of the tide only, and others, owing to lack of sufficient channel depth complete their cargoes in the upper New York bay by lighter; also though the improvements made have rendered navigation through Hell Gate safer for vessels up to about 20 to 22 feet draft, the shorter and safer inside route through Long Island Sound is not available for vessels of large tonnage because of insufficient depth over scat- tering rocks and reefs which obstruct the channel between the Bat- tery and Hunts Point. Proposed operations.--The prosecution of the improvement is based upon a program for securing first a practicable channel of 35 312 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. feet depth through Hell Gate and 40 feet elsewhere, the depth through Hell Gate to be increased later to 40 feet in accordance with the approved project. This program includes also the early removal of Shell Reef to a depth of 25 feet in order to permit the better development of the Manhattan waterfront below Blackwells Island. Contracts are now in force for deepening the channel in Hell Gate to 35 feet; for dredging on Diamond Reef and Shell Reef; and for the removal of Coenties Reef. Additional contracts will be let for the removal of ledge at various localities between the Battery and Barretto Point to the extent of the funds now available, and floating plant for the prosecution of a part of the work by hired labor will be procured. The aim of these operations is to increase channel dimensions at those localities where rocky shoals most endanger or restrict the navigation of deep-draft vessels, and it is expected that they will exhaust the funds available early in the fiscal year 1921. To continue the improvement with a view to making its bene- fits available with the least practicable delay additional funds should be provided for the prosecution of the above program without inter- mission, and to that .end it is estimated that $3,200,000 in addition to the funds now available will be required to continue the work on this project to June 30, 1921. It would now be proposed to apply that, sum in the amounts and at the localities listed below but that schedule is subject to modification if the conditions of the improve- ment so demand: Part removal of Middle Ground, off Sunken Meadow $1, 000, 000 Removal of Negro Point______-------------___-_ 700, 000 Removal of ledges off Port Morris _____________________________ 500, 000 Removal of ledges between Hell Gate and the Battery, precise local- ity to be selected later------------ 1, 000, 000 3, 200, 000 Recommended modification of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-Indus- trial influence of waterways, by Harry Chapin Plummer. In- dustrial Management, Volume LVII, No. 5, May, 1919. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918, consisting mainly of all classes of commercial products and manu- factures, is as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers 1914............................. ........... ............... 155,218,678 $2,156,096,181 21,222,532 1915 ................................................. 74,178,177 4,192, 206,408 2 3,963,040 1916................... ..................................... 70,128,715 3 878,101,893 22,926,479 1917................. ............ ... ....... .... 65,176,983 2,918,722,316 39,956,330 1918 .. ............... ............................ 59,531,457 4,447,041,016 20,067,320 1 The statistics for 1914 as printed in the Annual Report for 1915, p. 207, were not correct. Reliable statistics for years prior to 1914.are not available. 2 Full returns not received. The increase in the commerce since 1914 is probably due to in- creased receipts and shipments of war materials and supplies. The tonnage of 1918 was carried in vessels ranging in loaded draft from about 6 feet at all stages of the tide up to 28 feet at high water; RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. YV DISTRICT. 313 greater draft than the latter is not deemed safe by navigators. Therefore vessels desiring to load to a greater draft than 28 feet complete their cargoes by lighter in the upper bay. Financial summary. EAST RIVER. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15,436.05: New work--------------------------------------------_ $6, 972, 597. 33 Maintenance ------- 38, 160. 24 Net total expended , 010, 757. 57 7----------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------ 14, 524, 527. 07 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915.. 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1............ .. $251,325. 70 $88, 811.85 $23,203.07 $202,995.00 $566,044.21 Expended for maintenance 1..........- 803.28 21,573.13 -17, 518. 31 496.29 Total expended 1................. 251,325. 70 89,615.13 44,776.20 220, 513.31 566, 540. 50 Appropriated or allotted --------------... ...------------ 400,000.00 1,385,308.03 6,500,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended---------------------------- $1, 579, 976. 46 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918----------------------------------------------------- 2, 200, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919------- ------------------------------------------ 4, 000, 000.00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918__ 300, 000.00 Receipts from sale', etc., during fiscal year 1919- - 333. 54 8, 080, 310. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work-----------------------------$566, 044. 21 For maintenance 496. 29 566, 540. 50 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ July 1'l, 1919, outstanding liabilities __ 745. 11 -- - 7, 513, 769. 50 $--------------87, July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts. ------------------ 1,362, 881. 01 1, 450, 626. 12 July 1, 1919, balance available. -_---------- 6,063, 143. 38 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion 2 of existing project _---------------------- 30, 000, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work---------------------------_ 23, 200, 000. 00 COENTIES REEF, N. Y. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15.25: New work ------------------------------------ 78, 580. 16 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report-- .... 128, 691. 97 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 314 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .............................. $2,499.23 $23,583.28 $49,237.08 $3, 215.82 uxpended for maintenance................................... ..................... Appropriated or allotted................... 236, 000. 00.!-............... . . 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ------- $53, 327. 63 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work_- 3, 215. 82 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------------50, 111.81 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ --- ----- $5, 536. 13 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts _ 18, 316. 69 23, 852. 82 July 1, 1919, balance available_ _____________------------- 26, 258. 99 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR EAST RIVER. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15,451.30: New work--- ----------- $7, 051, 177. 49 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 38, 160. 24 Net total expended -------------------------------- 7, 089, 337. 73 Total appropriations to date of this report---- 14, 653, 219.04 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1..... ...... $251,325.70 $91,311.08 $46, 786.35 $252,292.08 $569,260.03 Expended for maintenance 1........... .......... 803.28 21,573.13 17,518.31 496.29 Total expended 1............. 251,325.70 92,114.36 68,359.48 269,810.39 569,756.32 Appropriated or allotted ............ 236, 000. 00 ........... 400, 000.00 1, 385, 308. 03 6,500,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended____________________________ $1, 633, 304. 09 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 191.8 _ __ __ _ __ _ _ __ 2, 200, 000.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919 __----------------- 4, 000, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918- 300, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_ 333. 54 8, 133, 637. 63 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work----------------------------- $569, 260. 03 For maintenance _ _----------------------- . 496. 29 569, 756. 32 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------- ------------------ 7, 563, 881. 31 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-------------- 93, 281. 24 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------- 1, 381, 197. 70 1, 474, 478. 94 July 1, 1919, balance available-------------------------- . 6089,402.37 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------- 230, 000, 090. 0 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work----------------------------- 3, 200, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 315 ,21. WALLABOUT CHANNEL, N.. Y. Location and description.-This channel is a tidal branch of the East River, N. Y., about 2.5 miles by water northeast of the Battery. It is located on the east side of the river in the bight of a bend, behind what was formerly an island known as Cob Dock, and is divided by a stone causeway, the property of the United States, into a north and a south section. The north section is the one under improvement by the United States. It is 230 to 350 feet wide and 2,000 feet in length. See U. S..Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. .3694. Original condition.-The channel was about 15 feet deep at mean low water and from 40 to 160 feet wide. The length from East River to the stone causeway was about 0.4 of a mile, and thence Wallabout Basin, a small arm, extended southwardly about 1,300 feet to the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water, and from 230 to 350 feet wide. The total length of channel under improvement is about 2,000 feet. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tides is about 4 feet, of spring tides about 4.7 feet, and of storm tides about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1898, is $40,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 50, 55th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1900. The channel has been enlarged from a depth of 15 feet at mean low water, with widths of 40 to 160 feet, to a depth of 20 feet with widths of 230 to 350 feet. The controlling depth of channel is 20 feet. The total expenditure has been $36,400, of which $18,173.69 was for new work and $18,226.31 was for maintenance. Local cooperation.-Eachyear the borough of Brooklyn dredges at various points to offset the effect of deposits from storm sewers, with funds derived from municipal taxation. From time to time local interests have done minor dredging in front of their own wharves. Terminal facilities.-The entire channel front is occupied, the lower part by bulkheads, the upper end by 8 piers, 5 of which are city piers for market and local supplies, which, with bulkheads, cost $393,000, and 3 are railroad lighterage berths. These facilities are adequate for the traffic under ordinary conditions. For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect on freight rates can not be de- termined. This channel has opened up a considerable water front which is utilized to its full capacity, and has rendered transporta- tion easier*and better. It serves a good purpose as a terminal for the interchange of freight from water carriage to land carriage. Proposed operations.-No field operations are proposed. The channel is subject to gradual deterioration by shoaling, but as only a little of such shoaling has occurred along its edges since it was last 316 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. dredged, maintenance work is not considered necessary at this time. Nearly all traffic is conducted by means of barges, lighters, etc., for which the present depths are sufficient. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities handled during the current year were coal, sugar, general merchandise, and the by- products of a large gas plant, these being typical of preceding years. The improvement has greatly facilitated its large traffic, all of which is benefited by the entire improved area. No important changes in transportation lines have been noted. The draft of loaded vessels varies from about 2 to 17 feet, but 12 to 14 feet is probably about the usual limit. It is impracticable to state proportionate tonnage carried by the different types of vessels, as their trips run far into the thousands. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914............ ...... 990,618 $13,021,165 1917......... ..... 1,927,914 $26,471,459 1915 .................. 1, 215,689 15,660,163 1918...... 707, 079 1.............1, 13,748,522 1916..................... 1, 628,147 26,983, 441 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting Jo $0.50: New work --------------------------------------- $18, 173. 69 Maintenance---- ----------------------------------- 18, 226. 31 Net total expended--------------------------------- 36, 400. 00 Total appropriations to date of this repot--------------------- 37, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work..". . .. ... .... 1.. Expended for maintenance'1_ ... _ .... .. $75.00 $170.00 $. 30.50 ..... Appropriated or allotted... ................ ............. ..... ....... ..... .. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------ 600. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------------------ 600. 00 22. NEWTOWN CREEK, N. Y. Location and description.-Newtown Creek is a tidal arm of East River, N. Y., and forms the boundary between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York City. The mouth of the Creek is nearly opposite Thirty-fourth Street, Manhattan, and 4 miles north- east from the Battery. Its length is about 4 miles, with widths vary- ing from 125 to 200 feet. The drainage area embraces about 7 square miles, for the most part densely built up along the banks of the creek. The section under improvement is about 3.8 miles long. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 317 Originalcondition.-In 1857 the creek varied in width from 140 to 1,200 feet. Depths ranged from 0 to 17 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for a 6-foot draft was about 3.3 miles from the mouth, at what is now Metropolitan Avenue. Dutch Kills, a tribu- tary, had a length of 4,450 feet; Maspeth Creek, 3,550 feet; Whale Creek, 2,000 feet; and English Kills, included in the existing project, 2,900 feet. The total length, including tributaries, was about 5.7 miles. By 1880 the mouth of the creek had shoaled to 12.5 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, and June 3, 1896. A total of $527,530.58 had been expended on these projects up to March 1, 1919. The amount spent for new work and for maintenance can not be separately stated with accuracy, the division in the early years being indeterminate. An approximate estimate is that $401,260.51 were applied to new work and $126,270.07 to maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1769 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water in Newtown Creek, including Dutch Kills, Maspeth Creek, and English Kills, and of the following widths: Two hun- dred and fifty feet wide at the entrance to Newtown Creek, narrow- ing to 150 feet, and continuing with this width to Grand Street Bridge on the East Branch, and thence 125 feet wide to Metropolitan Avenue on said branch, including the removal of Mussel Island; 150 feet wide in English Kills, or West Branch, to the Metropolitan Avenue Bridge across said branch, including the easing of bends; 100 feet wide for a distance of 2,000 feet up Maspeth Creek; and 75 to 100 feet wide for a distance of 2,800 feet up Dutch Kills, with a turning basin at the head. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1915 is $510,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1915) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $18,000. The collection and removal of drift has been added to the project under authority of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915 (see p. 329 of this report). The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 936, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures, amounting to $499.45-$96.11 for new work under the existing project and $403.34 for maintenance under previous projects-were in part payment of office expenses and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the existing project has not been begun, and the channel, dredged 18 feet deep and 125 feet wide under previous projects, has shoaled in places. The con- trolling depth for the lower 2 miles of channel is practically 18 feet; for the upper section it is about 14 to 15 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $96.11, all for new work. Local ,cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that all land needed for this improvement be furnished without cost to the United States, and provides that no work shall be done in Maspeth Creek, in the removal of Mussel Island, or in English Kills until this has been done and corresponding changes made in existing harbor lines. These conditions are in process of 318 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. adjustment; public hearings upon harbor-line alterations and exten- sions have been held and cession of part of the required upland has already been tendered. Local interests at various times provided for maintenance dredging in front of their wharves. Such interests have also expended large sums in extending the channel in the west branch from the Metropolitan Avenue Bridge southward a distance of about 2;500 feet to the present head of navigation at Johnson Avenue. This extension is about 160 feet wide and 6 to 12 feet deep at mean low water. Extensive bulkheading, dredging, and filling has been done in the Dutch Kills branch. The Borough of Brooklyn each year dredges in Newtown Creek to offset the effect of deposits from storm sewers. The funds are derived from local taxation. Terminal facilities.-The length of water, front measured along both sides of the projected improvement is 82 miles, of which 6 miles are bulkheaded and 2 miles, near the head of the stream, are yet undeveloped. The narrowness of the waterway, except at the mouth of the creek, .prohibits construction of projecting piers. The existing piers (four) are made by dredging slips on either side of them. The city of New York owns 450 feet of frontage on the stream at Whale Creek, where by dredging slips it has built 1,800 feet of dock- age. The rest of the front is owned by firms and corporations doing business on the creek, who supply all of the demand for public con- venience, and the city landing is but little used. The commerce of Newtown Creek consists chiefly of fuel, building and road material, copper and steel, chemicals, mineral oils, and fer- tilizers; it is handled to and from lighters and barges generally by steam derricks and hoists. All terminals connect with city highways in fair condition; those on the north side of the creek have ready access to the Long Island Railroad tracks. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The increased depth has greatly reduced freight rates by making the landings accessible to vessels of greater draft and carrying larger cargoes. Proposed operations.-The funds available from appropriations made prior to March 2, 1919, amounting to $23,035.43, are insufficient to secure reasonable bids under present market conditions; it is therefore proposed to use these funds in connection with funds appro- priated by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, in prosecuting work under a new project adopted by the said act. It is provided in the act of March 2, 1919,.that no work shall be undertaken upon any new project unless the project can be completed at a cost not greater than 40 per cent in excess of the estimate of cost in the report upon such project. From bids received it is evident that the new project can not be completed within this limit, therefore no work can be undertaken on such project under the terms of that act. The estimated cost of prosecuting work by the expenditure of available funds under present conditions as to prices is as follows: From East River upstream to first bend south of Meeker Avenue Bridge, 317,000 cubic yards of dredging, scow measurement, at $0.65__ __----------------------------------- $206,050. 00 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies 21, 985. 43 Total______________-__------------------- 228, 035.43 RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 8319 It is estimated that $475,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, in prosecuting work in continuance of the improvement under the new project as follows, should this be desired by Congress: From first bend south of Meeker Avenue Bridge to Mussel Island, 148,000 cubic yards of dredging, scow measurement, at $0.65 $96, 200 -..... Removing one-half of Mussel Island, 365,000 cubic yards of dredging, scow measurement, at $0.65 2----------------__ _37, 250 Deepening Maspeth Creek, 126,000 cubic yards of dredging, scow measurement, at $0.65 ---------------------------------- 81, 900 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies_ 59, 650 Total -4-- ----------- --- 475, 000 As the estimated cost of completing the new work authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, is more than 40 per cent in excess of the originally estimated cost, an estimate for its execu- tion is not submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items handled were: Coal and other fuel; petroleum and its products; crushed stone, gravel, sand, cement, etc.; copper ore and copper; brick, lumber, etc., these being typical of preceding years. The entire channel is used, and the improvement has greatly facilitated traffic. No important changes in the nature of the commerce have been noted. Steamers, schooners, and unrigged vessels are the principal freight carriers. Their drafts range from 51 to 20, 2 to 19, and 2 to 18 feet, respectively. Some steamers of still larger draft, lighter in their cargoes. It is imprac- ticable to give proportionate amounts carried by different types of vessels. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914................. 4,445,556 $147, 739, 825 1917................... 5, 215,820 $294,701,793 1915., ............... 5,76,102 147,086,860 1918................... 4, 69,136 322,260, 45 1916.................... 5,915,150 201, 51, 200 Financial sunmnary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $360.62: New work-------- ------------- -------------- $401, 356. 62 Maintenance ------------------__------------------- 126, 270. 07 Net total expended- ---. -------------------------- 527, 626. 69 Total appropriations to date of this report. ------------------- 755, 900.00 Fiscal year endinig June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Fxpended for new work .............. . . .. ........ .. ........ ......... $96.11 Expended for maintenance I2.............. $10,517.05 $27, 953.42 $2, 066. 55 $865.34 $403,84 Total expended 1......... ......... 10,517.05 27,953.42 2,066. 5 865.34 4 Appropriated or allotted....... ... 15,000.00 ............ 10,000.00 I.......... 220,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etec 125851-ENG 1919-21 320 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1918, balance unexpepded ----- $8, 769. 46 Amount. appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 __------------------------------ -------- 15, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919 __ ___ ___ 2199--------------------------------------------- 205, 000. 00 ---- 205,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------------- 3. 30 228, 772. 76 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work-------------------------------------$96. 11 For maintenance----------------------------------403.34 499. 45 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ _ -_______ 228, 273. 31 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities _ _______------------- 237. 88 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $22,086.87 available only for maintenance ------------------------------------------- 228, 035. 43 23. HARLEM RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-TheHarlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek, both included in the project for the improvement of the Harlem River, are two tidal waterways of a joint length of about 8 miles, which join at Kingsbridge. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52. They lie wholly within the limits of Greater New York and separate Manhattan Island from the mainland. The East River entrance is about 81 miles northeast of the Battery, New York= City, and the Hudson River entrance about 132 miles north of the Battery. The Harlem River also connects with the East River by way of Little Hell Gate, between Wards and Randalls Is- lands, and by way of Bronx (Harlem), Kills, between Randalls Island and the mainland. These channels are not used by navigators, being shoal, rocky, and winding, with strong tidal currents. Original condition.-The Harlem River varied in width from about 300 to 1,500 feet. It had an available depth of 10 feet at mean low water from the East River to Morris Dock, except at Highbridge, where it was only 6 feet deep. From Morris Dock to Fordham Land- ing there was a crooked channel 7 feet deep, and above the latter place the river could be used only by the smallest class of vessels. The width of Spuyten Duyvil Creek was about 150 feet at its head and about 1,000 feet near its mouth; it had a least mean low-water depth of about 4 feet from Kingsbridge to the Hudson River; above Kirgs bridge the depth gradually diminished to less than 1 foot at the head of the creek. A narrow channel at the junction of the two streams was obstructed by a ledge of rock awash at low tide. In 1875 the mean tidal range at the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek was 3.91 feet. and at Fordham Bridge, a short distance south of Broadway Bridge, it was 6.03 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874. There was expended under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1887, $21,000, all for new work. For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1762. Existing project.-This proyides for a continuous channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide from the East River to the 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS---FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 321 Hudson River, except at Washington Bridge, where the adopted width is 354 feet, and at the rock cut through Dyckmans Meadow where it is 350 feet and the depth 18 feet. It also provides for straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works by making a cut 15 feet dcn and 400 feet wide, and for the collection and removal of drift. The mean tidal range varies, according to locality, from 5 feet at Mill Rock to 3.7 feet at Spuyten Duyvil Bridge. The extreme range, under ordinary conditions, varies from about 8 feet at Hell Gate to about 7.5 feet at Highbridge and 6 feet at the Hudson River. The estimate of cost of new work revised in 1913 is $3,550,000. The latest. (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, in accordance with the report published in House Document No. 75, part 9, Forty-third Congress, second session. It was modified in 1879, 1886, and 1893, and enlarged by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, in accordance with the report published in House Document No. 557, Sixty-second Congress, second session. The act of March 4, 1915, provided for the maintenance of New York Harbor and its immediately tributary waters by the collection and removal of drift and authorized the Secretary of War to allot such amounts as may be necessary for the work form funds available for specific portions of New York Harbor and such tributaries. For latest published map, see page 1644 of Annual Report for 1913 and House Document No. 402, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging urgently needed along the east shore of the river at a shipyard opposite Sher- man Creek to facilitate the construction of mine sweepers for the Navy Department was commenced August 9, 1918, and completed November 21, 1918. This work was done by leased plant and the hire of tugs, as needed, for towing the dredged material. A total of 18,329.9 cubic yards of material other than rock and 11.1 cubic yards of bowlders were removed at a cost of $29,758.34. The dredg- ing was carried to the projected depth of 15 feet at mean low water along 910 linear feet of water front; it resulted in removing a shoal which obstructed the approach to the shipways and piers used in constructing and outfitting the mine sweepers. Other work consisted in removing 270 cubic feet of drift material at a cost of $48.62. Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they limay have a bearing on projected and contemplated improvements, were investigated in connection with similar investigations pertain- ing to the East and Hudson (North) Rivers; the cost of this work amounted to $2,212.97. The expenditures during the year amounted to $33,237.79--$33,- 189.17 for new work and $48.62 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 58 per cent of the work proposed under the existing project has been completed. A channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide has been excavated from the East River to Putnam railroad bridge except at a few points where shoals project slightly into the channel and at Macombs Dam bridge, where the available depth is 12 feet in the westerly draw channel and 11 feet for a width of 100 feet in the easterly draw channel. 322 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIIY,.. 1919. From the Putnam railroad bridge to the Hudson River the chan- nel has been excavated to a depth of 15 feet and width of from about 150 feet to 350 feet. The available depth for navigation through the Harlem River is estimated at 15 feet at mean low water, except at Macombs Dam bridge, where it is not more than 12 feet. The widths of channels through bridge draws are 98 to 100 feet. Approximately midway between the East and Hudson Rivers navigation is ob- structed by the piers of High Bridge. These cause eddies and high current velocities; limit the horizontal clearance for vessels, measured on a line normal to the channel, to about 44 feet; render navigation through the bridge hazardous for the smaller class of vessels; and for vessels of commercial size they render the stream practically useless as a through waterway. The larger commercial vessels using the section of the river north of the bridge as a rule enter and leave by way of the Hudson River, and those using the section south of it enter and leave by way of the East River. To complete the improve- ment there remains some dredging to be done between Madison Avenue and Macombs Dam bridges, and a considerable amount of dredging and rock excavation at Macombs Dam bridge and between Putnam Bridge and the Hudson River. The total expenditures un- der the existing project amounted to $2,131,785.50-$2,091,909.83 for new work and $39,875.67 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, adopting the existing project, and the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, provided that the necessary right of way should be provided free of cost to the United States before work was begun. This pro- vision was complied with by the State of New York, which procured the necessary lands and completed their transfer to the United States in May, 1887. A similar provision is contained in the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, authorizing the straightening of the channel at Johnson Iron Works. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, provides for the cession to the State of the land occupied by the present channel at that point, after the right of way for the cut-off has been provided, and the new channel completed. A description of the lands required, with map, has been furnished the State of New York. The prosecution of the work of straightening the channel is awaiting the transfer of these lands. Terminal facilities.-The direct length of water front measured along both- shores of the Harlem River is about 16 miles;:of this length topographical features render 4 miles unavailable for com- mercial use. About 5 miles in length of water front have been de- veloped by the construction of 'piers, wharves, and bulkheads with a total available dockage of about 49,000 feet; 40 per cent of this dockage is owned by the city of New York. Such additional termi- nals are built from time to time by the public authorities as are needed to keep pace with the growing commerce. Some of the city- owned terminals are open to the public on equal terms, some are leased for commercial use, and some are used by city departments. Privately owned and leased terminals, none of which are open to the public, are used exclusively for commercial purposes. The Harlem River is navigated mainly by barges and canal boats without masts and by tugboats with low stacks; sailing vessels seldom navigate the river because of delays at bridge draws. Of the privately owned and leased terminals about 60 per cent are owned or controlled by RIVERS AID HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. WY,DISTRICT. 328, railroads and are used mainly for the purpose of transferring freight cars between New York City and points in New Jersey by car float; the remaining 40 per cent are used by corporations and private individuals engaged in trans-Atlantic and interior commerce and by public ferries. The method of freight handling varies accord- ing to the character of the commodity contained in the cargo, from steam derricks or telphers to hand trucks. All terminals are reached by well-paved highways in good condition. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session. Effect of improvement.--The opening of the Harlem River to navigation has resulted in greatly increasing the areas of Manhattan and Bronx Boroughs, to which heavy freight can be brought by water with a marked saving in cost. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend such amount of the available funds as may be necessary in maintenance, the balance then remaining to be held subject to expenditure in extending the improvement when deemed necessary or advisable. The through waterway of the Harlem River isobstructed by the piers of High Bridge (see under Condition at end of fiscal year preceding). It is believed that these piers should be removed before any further work of improvement is done between Putnam Bridge and the Hudson River. Accordingly no estimate of funds for prosecuting work in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, is submitted. Recommended modifecations of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-Indus- trial influence of waterways, by Harry Chapin Plummer. Indus- trial Management, Vol. LVII, No. 5, May, 1919. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of general merchandise, building materials, coal, fruit and farm products, and ice. Comparative statement. Amount in Value Passengers Calendar year. short tons. Value carried.' 1914.......... ................ ................... 11,577, 922 $582,383, 737 .. 1915 ..................... ... ................... 15,096,169 1,538,506, 583 454,199 1916. ... ......... . .................. 13, 789, 723 1, 286, 970, 462 614 489 1917 ........ .. ............. ... ................ 15,822, 342 1,788,331,171 2,646 908 1918.......................... ........................ . 11,298, 747 1,447,737,195 385,070 1None reported in 1914 returns. Decrease in number of passengers carried in 1918 as compared with 1917 due to reduction in number of passengers reported by the department of charities, New York City. *The tonnage in 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried . of total draft of tonnage. vessel (feet). Building material................ ............ ................... .................. 3 5-15 General merchandise ........................... 43 5- 8 Coal............ ............. ........ 35 ........................................... 5-16 324 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,639.89: New work_ _ -------------------- $2, 112, 909. 83 Maintenance____________ 39, 875. 67 Net total expended___ 2, 152, 785. 50 Total appropriations to date of this report_ S2, 318, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918. 1919 ........ . .... Expended for new work 1.. ... 205, 080. 54 $80, 607.22 $55,258.54 $23, 523.41 $33, 189.17 Expended for maintenance 1............... 4,734.16 19,602.16 2,343.34 225.12 48.62 Total expended 1................ 203, 814. 70 100, 209. 38 57, 601. 88 23,748. 53 33,237.79 Appropriated or allotted................... 125 000.00 ........... 250,000.00...I 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__ $198, 445. 69 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_ 6.60 198, 452. 29 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work___ ---------- 33, 189.17 $______________---- For maintenance_ ____ 48. 62 33, 237. 79 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----------------------------- 165, 214. 50 -- July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities___________________ __ - 131. 45 July 1, 1919, balance available____________________ 165, 083. 05 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project____________ _____________ '1, 293, 000. 00 24. HUDSON RIVER CHANNEL, NEW YORK HARBOR. Location and :description.-The Hudson River empties into the Upper Bay of New York Harbor at the Battery, New York City. The section included under this title extends from a line joining the Battery and Ellis Island to the northern limits of New York City, a distance of about 16 miles. The width between pierhead lines is 3,900 feet at the Battery, gradually decreasing to 2,750 feet at West Fourteenth Street and 2,725 feet at West Fifty-ninth Street; thence widening to 5,400 feet at Spuyten Duyvil Creek, which width it maintains to the northern boundary of New York City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The width was greater than at present, wide stretches of shallows along both banks having been long since re- claimed and devoted to urban purposes. Few changes in the depth of the deep-water channel are noted, except in the narrow reach between Hoboken and the Chelsea district of New York (vicinity of West Nineteenth Street), where the contraction has been so great as to cause scour on the bottom. These contractions were made mainly before 1890, when the United States protected the stream from further undue encroachments by the establishment of harbor lines. 2 Exclusive of atvailable funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 325 A channel 40 feet and over in depth and least width of about 1,000 feet extended throughout and some distance above the section in- cluded in the project; it bordered upon the New York shore, except in the reach from West Nineteenth Street to West Seventy-second Street, where the deep water was found along the western shore or in the center of the river. Its width was, and still is, limited by three shoal areas projecting out from the shores a considerable dis- tance; one along the east shore from West Nineteenth Street to West Seventy-second Street, New York City; one along the west shore from below Jersey City to Castle Point; and one along the west shore from Weehawken to beyond the limits of the improvement. The least depths found over these shoals along pierheads were about 21 feet, 20 feet, and 7 feet, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875; the amount expended thereunder was $25,000. Joint resolution of July 1, 1902, and the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, authorized the diver- sion of not exceeding $45,000. from appropriations already made or authorized for the improvement of Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor, for the removal of a rock or obstruction in the North River, New York Harbor, near Pier No. 1 (known as Pier A), to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. There was expended $43,979.12 in removing this rock to a depth of 38 feet at mean low water. Provi-- sion for its removal to 40 feet at mean low water is made in the existing project adopted March 4, 1913, in which it is referred to as "ledge rock lying about 1,000 feet off Pier A at the Battery." The total amount expended on previous projects prior to the commence- ment of work under the existing project in 1913 is $68,979.12, all for new work. For further details of previous projects, see Annual Re- port for 1915, p. 1765. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 800 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water from deep water off Ellis Island to 1,300 feet below the foot of Newark Street, Hoboken; thence to Castle Point the removal of a shoal to a depth of 40 feet; a channel 550 feet wide and 26 feet deep along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front; the removal to a depth of 40 feet of ledge rock lying about 1,000 feet southwest of Pier A at the Battery; the removal of a shoal on the New York side between West Nineteenth and West Sixty-first Streets to a depth of 40 feet; increasing the width of the 40-foot channel between the Battery and Canal Street, Manhattan Borough, to 2,000 feet; the removal of an obstruction north of the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek to the depth of the surrounding river bottom; and the collection and removal of drift. The length of the section included in the project is about 16 miles. Mean tidal range at the Battery 4.4 feet, and at the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek 3.7 feet; the extreme range under ordinary conditions is about 5 feet at the Battery and about 6 feet at the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1917 is $2,890,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous proj- ects. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance is given, as the amount required can be determined only from experience. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 719, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1915, modified it (Annual Report of the Chief of En- 326 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 'gineers for 1914, pp. 234-235) and provided for the collection and removal of drift; the act of August 8, 1917, enlarged it (H. Doc. No. 1697, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1915, page 2144, and House Document No. 1697, Sixty- fourth Congress, second session. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-A contract for dredging along the New Jersey water front was entered into December 21, 1916. On October 10, 1917, work under the contract was suspended on ac- count of shortage of coal, difficulty in obtaining tugs to tow the dredged material to the dumping ground, and unfavorable condi- tions for obtaining labor and supplies. Under authority of section 8 of the river and harbor act of July 18, 1918, the contract was an- nulled by supplemental agreement approved by the Secretary of War September 21, 1918. The seagoing dredge. Raritan was operated along the Manhattan water front between East Nineteenth and East Sixty-first Streets until September 12, 1918, when it was withdrawn for urgent work connected with military operations elesewhere; it resumed opera- tions January 6, 1919. There were removed by this dredge 554,703 cubic yards of material, bin measurement, at a cost of $104,787.82. Considerable shoaling had occurred in the dredged channel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front and also in the Hoboken 'water front. The seagoing dredge Atlantic was employed in remov- ing these shoals, and also in doing some dredging along the Man- hattan water front between East Nineteenth and East Sixty-first Streets. The shoal along the Hoboken water front has been wholly removed; considerable dredging remains to be done along the Wee- hawken-Edgewater water front. There was removed by dredge Atlantic a total of 644,023 cubic yards of material, bin measurement, at a cost of $145,913.84. Of this yardage 454,051 cubic yards were removed from the Weehawken-Edgewater water front and 189,972 cubic yards from the Manhattan water front. Drift material to the amount of 53,395 cubic feet was picked up and disposed of at a cost $5,621.47. Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they may have a bearing on projected or contemplated improvements, were investigated in connection with similar investigations pertaining to. the- East and Harlem Rivers; the cost of this work amounted to $1,454.35. The expenditures during the year amounted to $330,004.20-$281,- 798.19 for new work and $48,206.01 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 38 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The work done under all projects has resulted in remhoving rock off Pier A to 38 feet; in dredging a chan- nel in the Jersey City water front 200 feet wide and 30 feet deep; in completing the removal of the shoal in Hoboken water front to a depth of 40 feet; and in dredging a channel in the Weehawken- Edgewater water front 250 feet wide and 26 feet .deep. Dredging along the Manhattan water front has resulted in increasing the depths in the approaches to the pier at West Forty-sixth Street to 38 feet and a depth of 32 feet has been made in the approaches to piers elsewhere along this front used by deep draft ships. SThe controlling depth in the dredged channel along the Jersey City water front is 30 feet, and along the Hoboken water front, 40 feet. The Weehawken-Edgewater water front channel has shoaled RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 327 considerably in places; the controlling depth through the channel is 19 feet. The controlling depth in the approaches to piers along the Manhattan water front between East Nineteenth and East Sixty- first Streets varies from a minimum of 22 feet up to a maximum of 38 feet. To complete the project it is necessary to widen the channels in the Jersey City and Weehawken-Edgewater water fronts and between the Battery and Canal Street; to complete the removal of the rock off Pier A and of the shoal on the New York side; and to remove the obstruction north of Spuyten Duyvil Creek. The total expendi- tures under the existing project amounted to $1,119,491.53 $1,042.-4 491.64 for new work and $76,999.89 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The direct length of water front included in the project for improvement, measured along both shores of the river, is 32 miles; of this length 7 miles of the Manhattan water front and 10 miles of the New Jersey water front have been devel- oped for commercial use by the construction of terminals con- sisting of piers, bulkheads, warehouses equipped with modern ap- pliances for handling freight, modern coal piers, bridges for the transfer of cars to and from floats, marine railways, dry docks, and ferry racks. MANHATTA~ WATER FRONT. Large sums have been expended by the city of New York in the construction of piers along the Manhattan water front, many of which are designed to accommodate transatlantic steamships up to 1,000 feet in length and 40 feet draft. Seventy per cent of the terminals along this front are owned by the city of New York; most of them are leased for commercial purposes; a few are open to the public; and some are used by city departments. Privately owned and leased terminals are used exclusively for commercial purposes and are not open to the public. The total available dockage along this front, measured around piers, and along bulkheads in use for commercial purposes, is 203,000 linear feet. NEW JERSEY WATER FRONT. Along the New Jersey w ater front 90 per cent of the terminals are either privately or corporately owned, and with the exception of one terminal publicly owned the remainder are either owned or leased by the United States. These latter terminals accommodate steamships of all classes up to the largest transatlantic steamships afloat. About 40 per cent of all terminals along this front are owned or controlled by railroad companies for the accommodation of car floats, lighters, barges, and grain elevators employed in the transfer of freight to and from various points in New York Har- bor, and seagoing barges employed in coastwise traffic. Privately owned terminals accommodate vessels of all classes up to 30 feet draft. Of the terminals along the New Jersey shore but one in Jersey City is owned by and open to the public, so far as known. The total available dockage along the New Jersey water front, meas- ured around piers, and along bulkheads in use for commercial pur- poses, is 240,000 linear feet. 328 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. IN GENERAL. Most of the terminals are efficient in respect to the method of freight handling. The methods in use vary from the most modern freight- handling appliances to hand trucks. The appliance installed is gen- erally that believed to be the best adapted for use in transferring the particular class of freight to be handled. Many terminals have direct railroad connectioi. The New York City authorities are constantly adding to and im- proving the terminals along the Manhattan water front and private interests have in view the construction of additional terminals along the New Jersey waterfront, particularly in the stretch above Castle Point. With the exception of terminals along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front all are reached by well-paved highways in good condi- tion; along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front the approaches to the terminals are not paved but are in good condition. For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty- third Congress, first session. Effect of improement.-The largest trans-Atlantic steamers can now reach their piers at Hoboken, N. J.; a number of piers between West Forty-first and West Fifty-first Streets, New York City, have been made available for deep-draft vessels, and an increase in the amount of pier construction and extension along the Weehawken- Edgewater water front has developed. It is impracticable to ascer- tain what effect the improvement has had on freight rates. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the funds available in continuing dredging operations in the shoal along the Manhattan water front and removing rock off Pier A; in continuing the work of dredging along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front; in widening the channel between the Battery and Canal Street, and in widening the channel along the Jersey City water front. Part of this work is to be prosecuted under contract and part by United States seagoing dredges. The available funds will be either covered by contract or will be expended in prosecuting the work by the use of Government plant by June 30, 1920. To continue operations during the fiscal year 1921 it is estimated that $500,000 will be required to be appropriated for expenditure during that year. Recommended modification of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of all classes of commercial products and manufac- tures. Comparati've statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Pasrriengedrs 1914........... ... ............................ ....... . 58,644,614 $4, 559,185,809 106,253,639 1915 ...................... ....................... 63,458,291 6, 40,144,119 9,239,418 1916 ............................................. ......... 68,377,558 7,339,340,857 84,470,659 1917................ ................................. 53,945, 490 4,882,879 167 111,438,512 1918............................ ............................. 45,483,803 6,181,330 831 96,361,818 The tonnage of 1918 was carried in vessels ranging in loaded draft from about 5 feet up to about 40 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 329 Financialsu mmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $581.66: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 111, 470. 76 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 76, 999. 89 Net total expended-... 1, 188, 470. 65 Total appropriations to date of this report_______----_____ 2, 104, 479. 12 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.............. $244, 021. 59 $282, 314. 81 $12,085.08 $190,449.35 $281,798.19 Expended for maintenance 1............. .......... ......... 6,859.11 21,934.77 48,206.01 Total expended 1.................... 244,021. 59 282,314.81 18,944.19 212,384.12 330,004.20 Appropriated or allotted.................. 375,000.00 ........... 450,000.00 810,500.00 200,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------- $1,045,999. 22 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 ------------------------------------------------ 200, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919---------------- 13. 45 1, 246, 012. 67 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work--------------------------$281, 798. 19 For maintenance -------------------------- 48, 206. 01 330, 004. 20 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended 916, 008. 47 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 81, 046. 84 July 1, 1919, balance available------------------------------ 834, 961.63 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ 931, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work------- ---------------------- 500. 000. 00 25. NEW YORK HARBOR-COLLECTION AND REMOVAL OF DRIFT. Location and description.--This project applies to the lower and upper bays, the Hudson, East, and Harlem Rivers, Newtown Creek, Staten Island Sound, and Newark Bay. Original condition.-Priorto adoption of the project the waters referred to were obstructed by drift of various kinds allowed to escape from pier construction and demolition, from scows carrying refuse, from abandoned and broken craft, floats, etc., and from various other sources. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the collection and removal of drift from New York Harbor and its immediately tributary waterways and authorizes the Secretary of War to allot such amounts as may be necessary for the work from funds available for specific portions of New York Harbor and such tributaries. It is wholly a work of maintenance. The purpose of the work is to afford relief 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 330 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. from variable conditions of obstruction, and no advance estimate of the amount of work required and its proper cost can be made. From four years' experience it appears that about $40,000 a year- may be profitably applied to the work. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. Operations and results during the fiscal year.---The U. S. S. aMani- sees, the steam lighter Rockaway, and launch Ingalls, were assigned to collecting and removing drift whenever they could be spared from other duties. During the year these boats collected and removed 299,515 cubic feet of driftwood. The pieces ranged in size from small blocks up to 12 by 12 timbers 30 feet in length, pieces of wreckage, piles, float stages, etc. The expenditures for work during the year amounted to $29,202.93, of which $27,858.21 are chargeable to the first New York district, and $1,344.72 to the se ond New York district; all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.---The project is one of continuous maintenance, for which no percentage of completion exists. The total amount of drift removed since the beginning of operations, May 21, 1915, is 1,395,010 cubic feet. The total expenditures to June 30, 1919, have been $122,909.90. Local cooperation.-None has been required. Voluntary coopera- tion of several of the New York City departments has been asked for and given, in so far as they are able to assist, particularly in the line.of prevention. Terminal facilities.- Not pertinent to this class of work. Effect of improvement.--It is believed that there is now an ap- parent reduction in the quantities of drift found afloat, particularly of such as is large enough to interfere with or endanger navigation. Drift is continually added to by the breaking up of old piers and of worthless, abandoned boats, parts of which pass into the channel either through neglect or connivance, of parties who ought to pre- vent it. It is difficult and generally impossible to discover who is responsible for this. Proposed operations.-There are no specific funds available for this work; it depends on such allotments from other works as may be made from time to time under authority of the river and harbor act of 1915. Whenever such funds are made available it is proposed to apply them to continuing removal of drift. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.--None are pertinent to work of this char- acter. SAUGERTIES, RONDOUT, PEEKSKILL, AND TARRYTOWN HARBORS AND WAPPINGER CREEK, N. Y. (GROUP B.) 26. TARRYTOWN HARBOR, N. Y. (B1). Location and description.-Thisharbor extends along the east shore: of the Hudson River for a distance of about 1 mile below Kingsland Point, 29 miles above the Battery, New York City. The distance to the 12-foot contour in the river from the pierheads varies between 1,600 feet and 2,200 feet. A small stream, the Pocantico River, whose source is 8 miles northeast of Tarrytown, empties into the harbor at RIVERS A.D HARBORIS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 331 •Kingsl&nd Point. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart Not 281. Original condition.-The maximum available depth at mean low 'water over flats extending out from the shore to deep water was about 6 feet, and the general depth over a considerable part of them was about 41 feet. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel along the wharf front of the harbor 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide, and northerly and southerly connections with deep water in the Hud- son River of the same depth and 100 feet wide; total length about 1 miles. The mean tidal range is about 3.6 feet, and the extreme range, under ordinary conditions, is about 4.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new 'work, revised in 1907, is $36,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $900. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 283, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1520). The latest published map is in the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The work pro- posed to be done with the available funds was not of such pressing necessity as to warrant the payment of the existing excessive cost for dredging. The expenditures during the year, amounting to $6.62 and chargeable to maintenance, were in payment of contingencies per- taining to the work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 88 per cent completed. The channel in the southern arm has been completed; along the water front the channel has been dredged to project depth for a width of 90 feet, and an additional width of 60 feet has been dredged to a depth of from 10 to 12 feet; in the eastern end of the northern arm a channel 60 feet in width and 350 feet in length has been dredged to project depth, and an additional length of 100 feet and 60 feet in width has been dredged to less than 12 feet in depth. An examination of the dredged channels shows that they have been markedly reduced in depth- and-width by the falling in of material from side slopes. The controlling depths through the narrowed chan- nels are about 9.5 feet in the southern arm and ,about 9 feet along the water front. The work remaining to be done consists in complet- ing the channel in the northern arm; the available depth here is but 5 feet at mean low water. Expenditures to June 30, 1919, amounted to $36,460.53-$29,311.03 for new work and $7,149.50 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 6 in number, with available dockage of 1,651 feet, are located along the waterfront of Tarry- town; none has railroad connections. Five with available dockage of 1,530 feet are privately owned and one with available dockage of 121 feet is owned by a corporation. Other details are as follows: Four with available dockage of 1,551 feet consist of solid fill behind' timnber bulkheads, and two with a total frontage of.100 feet consist of ferry racks. The existing terminals are adequate for present commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. 332 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Effect of improvenent.-As the result of the improvement there' has been an appreciable increase in the water-borne commerce of the harbor; vessels of increased draft can now reach the wharves, and a slight reduction in freight rates has been reported. The financial benefits to the locality are indicated by the amount saved through the use of water instead of rail transportation for building materials and coal. This saving amounted to about $18,300 in 1918. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the available funds in continuing the improvement and in dredging for maintenance if acceptable prices for doing- the work can be obtained. It is estimated that the funds available are sufficient to meet the requirements of this harbor during the next two years; therefore no estimate for ad- ditional funds is submitted. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Comnimercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of building materials and coal. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers 1914............................................................. 79,821 $1,725,177 131,586 1915............................................................. 102,251 1,637,341 122,639 1916....... ................................................... 97,111 3,341,005 116,862 1917 ........................................................... 86,705 376,389 94,709 1918........................................................... 58,755 513,863 99,427 The tonnage for 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given inthe following table: Usual limit Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel (feet). Building materials......................................... ............. 45 5 -10 Coal, ........................................................... .. ... 51 4J-10 Petroleum products............................ .............................. 3 11.-12J Financialsum mary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $13.20: New work------ ------------------------------------ $29, 311 03 Maintenance--------------------- ----- _ - 7,149. 50 Net total expended , 460. 53 36----------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report 000. 00 4----------------9, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................. Expended for maintenance 1...-.....$ 74. 68 .$275. 46 1i86.59 78. 23 . $6. 62 Appropriated or allotted.................. 3,000.00 ............ 01,000:0... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 333 July 1, 1918, balance. unexpended--------------------------- $12, 545. 59 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------------ .50 12, 546. 09 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ---------------------------------------------------- 6. 62 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended,----------------------------12, 539. 47 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 53. 83 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $5,850.50 available only for maintenance ------------------------------------ 12,485.64 27. PEEKSKILL HARBOR, N. Y. (B2). Location and description.--This harbor is an indentation about five-eighths of a mile long and 14 miles wide in the eastern shore of the Hudson River, 42 miles above the Battery, New York City. Peekskill Creek, whose source is 14 miles northeast of the harbor, empties into the Hudson River about one-half mile northwest of the wharves in Peekskill. The mouth of the creek up to Annsville is known locally as Annsville Creek, and the upper section, above the highway at Tompkins Corners, as Peekskill Hollow Creek. The mouth of the creek is crossed by the New York Central Railroad by a bridge with draw span. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 282. Origindl condition.-The controlling depth in the harbor was about 5 feet at mean low water, except near the wharves, where the depth was about 6 feet. The length of navigable channel in the har- bor, following the general contour of the shore, was about 1.8 miles. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide and about 1.8 miles long, extend- ing from deep water in the Hudson River north of the village to deep water south of it, following generally the contour of the shore, and two turning basins, 200 by 150 feet, of the same depth in front of the lower and center wharves. The mean tidal range is about 3 feet, and the extreme range, under ordinary conditions, is about 4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1896 is $50,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H.. Doc. No. 37, 53d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1895, p. 999). The project was modified in 1896. For latest published map of the locality, see Annual Report for 1903, page 885. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Work of main- tenance was not of such pressing necessity as to warrant the pay- ment of the existing excessive cost for dredging. The expenditures during the year, amounting to $6.76 and chargeable to maintenance, were in payment of contingencies pertaining to the work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1899. The improved channel has a length of about 4,300 feet in the northern arm, 1,700 feet along the water front, and 3,500 feet in the southern arm. The depth available for navigation was about 8.5 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 334 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919.. feet. The total expenditures amounted to $30,660.26-$19,400 for new work and $11,260.26 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-No conditions' have been imposed by law re- quiring local cooperation. Prior to 1913 the local authorities ex- pended $909 in removing shoals formed by the deposit of sewage, and private interests expended $150,000 in the construction of a public wharf and $10,000 in dredging in front of it. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,240 feet, are located along the water front in Peek- skill; none has railroad connections. Three of the terminals, with available dockage of 1,920 feet, are privately owned; one of these with available dockage of 650 feet is open to the public. One with available dockage of 200 feet is owned by the New York Central Rail- road, and one with available dockage of 120 feet is used by a corpora- tion. Other details are as follows: 4 with available dockage of 2,120 feet consist of solid fill behind crib bulkheads, and 1 with available dockage of 120 feet consists of a steel coal- handling trestle 20 feet wide extending out from the natural bank. The existing terminals are adequate for present and prospective needs of commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Eject of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in compe- tition which holds freight rates at a reasonable figure. The financial benefits to the locality are indicated by the amount saved through the use of water instead of rail transportation for building materials and coal. This saving amounted to about $13,700 in 1918. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the available funds in dredging for maintenance if acceptable prices for doing the work can be obtained. The available funds appear to be sufficient to meet the requirements of this harbor during the next two years; therefore no estimate for additional funds is submitted. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918, consisted mainly of building materials, coal, and distilling products. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers 1914 ......... .... ...................................... 127, 752 $2,402, 275 8,020 1915.......... ............................ ................. 152 854 3,777, 619 22, 417 1916..................................................... ........ 80, 561 4,271,149 37,391 1917 ......... .......................................... 89,920 8,339097 ... 1918..... ............................................... 104,493 18,773,233.... Due to the discontinuance of two passenger lines no passengers were carried during the years 1917 and 1918. The tonnage for 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 335 Usual limit Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel (feet). Building materials ............................... ............................ 13 6- 8 Coal ................... ........................... .............. 32 8-12 Distilling .. 35 7- 8 products ................................................................ Financial summary. Amount expended on, all projects to June 30, 1919; after deducting re- ceipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.10: New Work ------------------------------------- --- _- $19,400.00 Maintenance ----------- _ _ 11, 260. 26 Net total expended 30, 660. 26 _---_----------------- Total appropriations to date of this report'_ _________ 36, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............. Expended for maintenance 1............. $78 80 $20.02 $176.16 $51.65 $6.76 Appropriated or allotted............. .... ...... .......... 1,000.0 3,500.00......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ _L_- $5, 846. 50 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 6. 76 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------- ---------------- 5, 839. 74 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities -- __----------- -- 53. 83 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance __----- 5 785. 91 28. WAPPINGER CREEK, N. Y. (B3). Location and description.-This creek is a small stream which empties into the Hudson River from the east, about 64 miles by water north of the Battery, New York City, and one-half mile below the village of New Hamburg, N. Y. Its source is 30 miles slightly east of north from its mouth. The head of navigation is at the village of Wappinger Falls, about 2 miles above its mouth, and is marked by a series of falls, with an aggregate height of 86 feet above mean low water. Below the falls the creek is tidal and varies in width from 90 feet to 900 feet. The drainage area is 216 square miles. The average discharge varies according to season and amount of rain- fall from about 53 second-feet to 1,420 second-feet. Two drawbridges cross the creek-one at the mouth, a railroad bridge, and the other, a highway bridge, about 1,000 feet farther upstream; both have solid fill approaches. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 283. Original condition.-The channel used by navigators was winding, and not exceeding 6 feet in depth at mean low water and from 25 to 75 feet in width. The lower falls marked the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. 125851--ENG 1919---- 22 336 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS,.U. S. ARMY, 1919. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, 80 feet wide and about 2 miles long, extending from the mouth to about 200 feet below the lower falls. The mean tidal range is about 2.9 feet, and the extreme range, under ordinary conditions, is about 3.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890 is $13,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost oi maintenance is $500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of Septem- ber 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 25, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 758). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1904, page 1051. Operations and results durihg fiscal y~ear.-None. Work of main- tenance was not of such pressing necessity as to warrant the payment of the existing excessive cost per unit for dredging. The expendi- tures, amounting to. $6.76, and chargeable to maintenance, were in payment of contingencies pertaining to the work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1892. On June 30, 1919, the maximum mean low-water depth avail- able for navigation was 8.5 feet through a channel about 40 feet wide, except near the head of the improvement, where it is about 8 feet. The total expenditures amounted to $29,219.92-$13,000 for new work and $16,219.92 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-There are no conditions imposed by law re- quiring local cooperation in making the improvement. About 1890 local interests expended $34,000 in dredging a channel for boats carrying freight from*the -head of navigation to the railroad bridge and about $500 on a public wharf. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 5 in number, with available dockage of 2,415 feet are located-1 on the north side of the railroad trestle bridge and directly connected with the railroad, 1 just north of the highway bridge, 1 about 1 mile below the head of navigation, and 2 close to the head of navigation. All are privately owned. Other details. are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 75 feet is of open pile work; 3 with available dockage of 640 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads ; and 1 with available dockage of 1,700 feet consist of solid fill behind a dry rubblestone wall. The existing terminals appear to be adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvenlent tends to keep railroad freight' rates down. The financial benefits to the locality are indi- cated by the amount saved through the use of water instead of rail transportation for coal, drugs and chemicals, cotton goods, and cloth- ing and woolens. This saving in 1918, so far as could be determined from the data furnished by local interests, amounted to about $25,900. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the available funds in dredging for maintenance if acceptable prices for doing the work can be obtained. The available funds appear to be sufficient to meet requirements of this locality during the next two years; therefore no estimate for additional funds is submitted. Recommended modification of project.-Nl one. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 337 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1918 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, chemicals, and cotton - goods. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passegers 1914............................................................. 52,350 $11,406,277 23,284 1915............................................. .......... 43,315 5,259,423 21,763 1916................................................... 46,050 7,977,280 18,281 1917................................................. 135,574 10,364,409 15 656 1918 ........................................................... 65,716 4,074,742 15 612 The tonnage for 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Percent Usuflimit of loaded Class of reight carried. of total draft of yes- tonnage. sel(feet). 7 3-9 Building materials ............ ....................................................... Coal ................... ................................................... 56 5-9 Chemicals ....................................................................... 15 3-6 Cotton goods .................... ........................................... .. 7 3-9 Financial.summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5.93: New work--------------------- ------------------- $13, 000. 00 Maintenance ------------------------------------- 16, 219. 92 Net total expended_ -------------------------------- 29,219. 92 Total appropriations to date of this report________________________ 32, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................. Expended for maintenance 1............... .......................... 2,963. 4023.69 ................. 376.61 68.24 $6. 76 Appropriated or allotted ................. ............ 3 500.00 ..................... 3, ............ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ______________-- $3, 286. 84 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 6. 76 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--_--_--__---_--------------- 3, 280. 08 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_________________________ _ 53. 83 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance -------------- 3, 226.25 29. SAUGERTIES HARBOR, N. Y. (B4). Location and description.-Thisharbor comprises about four-fifths of a mile in length of the tidal mouth of Esopus Creek, which empties into the Hudson River from the west, about 100 miles north of the Battery, New York City, and 44 miles south of Albany. The head of 338 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. navigation is at the whaIrves of the village of Saugerties, N. Y., about 6,000 feet from deep water in the Hudson River. A dam crosses the creek over rapids situated about one-half mile above the wharves. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 283. Original condition.-The original depth at mean low water over a bar at the mouth of the creek was 3 feet. Prior to improvement by the United States, dredging by the State of New York had provided a channel across the bar 7.5 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted in 1884, modified in 1887, and completed in 1892 at an expenditure of $42,000. From 1892 to June 30, 1902, $15,000 was expended for maintenance, making the total expenditures for new work and for maintenance $57,000. For further details of previous project see Annual Report for 1915, page 1765. Existing project.-The existing proje:t provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in the Hudson River to the steamboat wharf in the village of Saugerties, a distance of about four-fifths of a mile, to be secured by dredging and rock removal between longitudinal pile dikes filled with rubble. stone which were built under the previous project; and for the exten- sion of the south dike westward about 155 feet to the shore line. Mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is 4 feet. Irregular fluc- tuation due to freshets is infrequent and does not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work is $44,685, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. SThe work was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for longitudinal dikes (Annual Report for 1884, p. 716), and act of June 12, 1902, provided for the present channel dimensions and dike extension (H. Doc. No. 107, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1518). The latest published map is in the project document. Operations and results during s'cal year.-None. Expenditures which amounted to $83.99 were in connection with inspection costs and office expenses and are chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been considered completed since the completion of the channel excavation in 1913, although the shore extension of the.south dike authorized in the present project has not been constructed, because the freshets, since the completion of the Ashokan Dam on Esopus Creek, appear to have been reduced to a point where they have no effect in scouring the channel. The dikes are about 2,385 feet and 1,950 feet long, re- spectively, and about 260 feet apart. An examination in March, 1915, showed that the channel between the dikes had maintained a controlling depth of about 11 feet at mean low water, except at the Hudson River end, where a shoal had formed against the south dike. This shoal is not of sufficient extent to interfere seriously with navi- gation. However, the north dike will need repairs within the next few years. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $64,739.27-$39,904.91 for new work and $24,834.36 for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 339 Local cooperation.-No conditions as to local cooperation were imposed by Congress. Previous to the undertaking of the improve- ment of this harbor by the United States, local interests and the State of New York had expended about $14,250 in the construction of dikes and dredging. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of five timber wharves, aggregating 2,400 feet in length, all privately owned, of which four, aggregating 1,600 feet in length, are open to public use. In addition to the above the Standard Oil Co. operates a terminal for the transfer of its product. The existing terminals are sufficient for the present needs of naviga- tion. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Docu- ment No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the village of Saugerties the advantage of low freight and passenger rates and quick facilities for reaching commercial centers with freight during the season of navigation. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend so much of the available funds as may become necessary from time to time in main- taining the improvement. These funds are sufficient for present needs, and therefore no estimate for additional funds is submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-About 80 per cent of the freight traffic of this harbor is carried by towed canalboats and barges; the remainder and the passenger traffic is carried by river packets. The commerce of this harbor consists mainly of coal, building and road materials, manufactures, and farm products. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers 1914............................................................. 149,440 $2,317, 490 21 585 1915.. ......... ............................... ......... 94 758 2,279,350 20,000 1916......................... ....................... . ....... 86 626 2 210,326 15, 800 1917.............................................................. 80, 974 3,623,023 13, 30 1918 ................. .......................................... 48,745 1,820,598 10, 62 The tonnage for 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried. of total draft , tonnage. of vessel (feet). General merchandise. ...... .......................................... 1 " 6-9 Coal and other fuels................................................. .... 37 7 Foodstuffs and farm products......... ........ ........... .............. .... .. 10 5 Building and road materials............ ... ..................... ......... 20 7 Manufactures ................... ....... ... ... .................. ........ 30 6-9 Miscellaneous ......................... ........................................ . 2 6-9 340 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5.65: New work __ ---------------------------------- _ $81, 904.91 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 39, 834. 36 Net total expended--------------------------------- 121, 739. 27 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 133, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.. ........... .. .. .. ................. .... ........ - $174. 93 Expended for maintenance 1...........$.... $3. 62 S3,011. 50" $38. 72 .... $8399 Appropriated orallotted.......................... .1,20.00.................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended--$-------------------------$12, 094. 72 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 83. 99 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------------------------- 12, 010. 73 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 14. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance-------------11, 995. 83 30. RONDOUT HARBOR, N. Y. (B5). Location and description.-This harbor comprises the tidal mouth, about one-half mile in length, of Rondout Creek, which empties into the Hudson River from the west about 89 miles north of the Battery, New York City, and 55 miles south of Albany. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 283. Original.condition.-With the exception of the bar at the mouth the creek was navigable for deep-draft vessels to the village of Rondout, and for vessels drawiilg less than 8 feet it was navigable from Rondout to the dam at Eddyville, about 4 miles from the mouth. Prior to improvement by the United States, dredging by local inter- ests and by the State of New York had resulted in the formation of a channel across the bar 7 feet deep at mean low water and about 400 feet wide, connecting deep water in the Hudson River with that in the creek. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across the mud flats at the mouth of the creek, about 3,000 feet long, 14 feet deep at mean low water, and 100 feet wide, to be secured by dredging, and for two parallel dikes 350 feet apart, to maintain the channel, and a branch dike to extend upstream from the outer end of the north dike to protect that dike from running ice in the Hudson River. Mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is 3.57 feet. Extreme tidal range, about 4.5 feet. Irregular fluctuation is infrequent and does not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work is $172,500, exclusive of amounts expended under previous proj- ects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $2,500. RIVERS AND HARBORS---FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 341 The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872 (S. Doc. No. 35, 424 Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 390, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $19.69, and were in payment of inspection costs and office expenses, chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is regarded as com- pleted, although part of the diking originally proposed was not built because deemed of doubtful usefulness. Two parallel dikes of an aggregate length of about 5,000 feet, generally 350 feet apart, with a now obsolete spur from the old lighthouse south of the south dike, have been built across the bar at the mouth of the creek, and a channel of project dimensions has been excavated between them from the deep water in the Hudson River to deep water in the creek, a distance of about 3,000 feet. A branch dike about 1,000 feet long, extending northerly from the outer end of the north dike, was also constructed. The dikes are generally in a fair condition and acomplish their pur- pose to a satisfactory degree. The maximum draft that can be carried over the shoalest part of the improvement at mean low water is about 13 feet. The total expenditures amounted to $159,769.70-$90,000 1or new work and $69,769.70 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-No conditions as to local cooperation were im- posed by Congress. Previous to the undertaking of this improve- ment by the United States, local interests and the State of New York had spent an amount not now known in dredging at the month of the creek. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the ui- provement consist of nine timber wharves aggregating 7,050 feet in length, equipped with transfer facilities; all privately owned. The existing terminals appear to be sufficient for the present needs of navigation. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to reduce freight rates during the season of navigation. It affords access for the main towing fleet of the Hudson River to its home port and affords access to the only floating dry dock in the upper Hudson. Proposed operations.-The available funds are sufficient for pres- ent and prospective needs, therefore no estimate for additional funds is submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-A new project for this locality has been:recommended, providing for a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide to Broadway, Kingston, and 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide to Eddyville. Estimated cost, $58,170, and $4,000 annually for maintenance. (See H. Doe. No. 390, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.e-The commerce of this harbor consists chiefly of coal and ice. Over 90 per cent is carried in towed barges on drafts of .from 5 to 12 feet, the remainder being carried by pas- senger steamers of the Hudson River type. 342 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers 1914................................ ....................... 381 594 $2,376 209 15,267 1915......................................................2.... 369019 2 ,190 38,068 1916............................................................. 355,439 5, 20,300 17,427 1917.......................... .................................... 370, 363 6 672,600 10,001 1918.............................................................. 326, 787 7, 495,050 8,703 The decrease in freight traffic during the past several years is believed to be temporary and merely a reflection of local and business conditions. The tonnage for 1918 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel (feet). General merchandise .... ...................... . ................ 3 61-14 Coal and other fuels.......... .... ............. .... . .... 74 10 -14 Foodstuffs and farm products........... .................. .. .................. Building and road materials.... ......................... 10-14 Lumber ........ .................................... .......... 3 14 Ice.................................... ........................ 13 6 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5.80: New work ----------- ---------.-. $90, 000. 00 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 69, 769. 70 Net total expended ----- -------------------------- 159, 769. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------172,050.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................... .... .. .. . .. ......... .. ........ Expended for maintenance 1.............. $213.07 $88.52 $76.85 $126.39 $19.69 Appropriated or allotted...................3,00.0 .. 4, 00 ........... ......... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_-- -------------------- 12, 299. 99 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for mnaintenance_ 19. 69 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ -- 12, 280. 30 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ----- --- -- 14. 90 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance -- 12,.265. 40 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Aumiont ex~ilaed on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipt fromn sales, etc., amounting to $33.68: New wrk, : -- - - $233, 615. 94 Maintenance ----- ---------- 144, 233. 74 Net ,total expended .____________-_____ - 77, 849. 68 3 Total appropriations to date of this report - -- 423, 800.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 343 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .......................... . .. ..................... Expended for maintenance ... ....... $3,504.88 $444.31 3,82. 71 363. 23 123.82 Appropriated or allotted..............6,000.00..........30000.00 30000 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ _ --.... .- -. $46, 073. 64 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_ . 50 46, 074. 14 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for maintenance_ 123. 82 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _________ 45, 950. 32 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ____-_____-___----- _ 191. 29 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $39,123.89 available only for maintenance-------------------------------------_ 45, 759. 03 31. HUDSON RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-The Hudson River has its source in the Adirondack Mountains, about 250 miles in a direct line and 315 miles following its course from the Battery, New York City, and flows in a generally southerly direction into New York Bay. The section under improvement extends from Waterford to Hudson, a distance of 38 miles. Hudson is 11 7 miles north of the Battery, New York City. The river is tidal to the Federal dam at Troy, N. Y., 153 miles north of the Battery. Above the dam the drainage area is about 9,900 square miles, and is in general mountainous and wooded. The fall in the upper portion is very rapid. The discharge varies within wide limits. The low-water discharge is generally assumed at about 2,000 second-feet, but discharges as low as 1,500 second-feet and as high as 240,000 second-feet have been observed. The latter discharge occurred March 28, 1913, and raised the river to an elevation of -3.5 feet above "lowest low water" at Albany, N. Y., and 31.6 feet above the same plane at the dam at Troy, N. Y. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 284.) Original condition.-After partial improvement by the State of New York there was a narrow and crooked channel between banks 650 to 3,000 feet apart, with a navigable depth at mean low water varying from 3-to 11 feet between Waterford and Coxsackie, and of 12 feet and more between Coxsackie and Hudson. From Hudson to' New York a natural depth of 25 feet existed, except over, a few shoals. The river above Hudson was obstructed by sand bars, mak- ing the channel tortuous and .unstable, and navigable by small shallow-draft vessels only. The head of boat navigation was origi- nally at Waterford, and of logging navigation near the headwaters. The navigable length, commencing at the Battery, was about 155 miles. Later the river became the southern and eastern outlet for the Champlain and Erie Canals, connecting with the Champlain Canal at Waterford in the pool formed by the dam built by the State of New York about 1823 at Troy, and with the Erie Canal opposite Troy and at Albany. In 1831 the mean range of tide was reported 1 Not deducting receipts fronm sales, etc. 344 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. as follows: Troy, 1.09 feet; Albany, 2.09 feet; Castleton, 1.7 feet; and New Baltimore, 2.83 feet. Previous projects.-The improvement was commenced by the State of New York in 1797. The original project for improvement by the United States was adopted in 1834 and modified in 1852 and 1866. From 1834 to 1892 the improvement was carried on by the State of New York in conjunction with the Federal Government, and the actual control was only settled by the courts, the United States as- suming legal control in 1891. A second project was adopted in 1892 and modified in 1899. The expenditures by the United States prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1910 totaled $5,459,390.58, of which amount $5,112,593.50 was for new work, including $48,432.37 for work in other localities referred to in the Annual Report for 1911, page 172, and $346,797.08 for mainte- nance. For further details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1764. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from Waterford to Hudson 12 feet deep at all stages, with a width of 200 feet from Waterford to the dam at Troy and a general width of 400 feet below the dam, increased at bends and widened to form harbors in front of the cities of Troy and Albany; the removal of the State -data at Troy, and the construction of a lock and dam about 21 miles below Waterford. The following table contains information concerning the various features of the lock and dam included in the existing project: Location: Below Waterford ---------------------------------- miles__ 2. 5 Above Battery, N. Y------------ -------------------- do - 152. 5 Lock: Clear width_-- ----------------------------------- feet-- 45 Greatest length available for full width- ---------- _------_,do-... 492. 5 Lift at lowest stages-------- ----------------------- do 16. 3 Depth on miter sills at lowest low water: Upper--- -- -------------------- ------------- do 16. 3 Lower_----------------------------------------do 14. O0 Chara (1899) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1875, provided for interior revet- ments (H. Ex. Doc. No. 160, 43d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 14, 1880, provided for the Benton Harbor Canal (Annual Report for 1880, pp. 2030, 2031, and 2049 to 2055) ; and the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present dimensions of the piers and the remaining features of the existing project (H. Doc. No. 307, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2496). The latest published complete map is in the last-mentioned document. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Under contract dated September 25, 1917, for repairing pile substructure and construct- ing concrete superstructure on north revetment, work has been in progress during the fiscal year. The expenditures thereon during the fiscal year are $15,378.82. Under contract, dated May 10, 1918, stone filling was placed in the outer portions of both harbor piers at a cost of $6,096.38. Repairs were made to the timber super- structures of both piers. The work was done by hired labor and RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1527 use of Government plant at an expenditure of* $9,975.83. The en- trance bar and interior channel was dredged by use of Government plant at an expenditure of $972.31 up to the close of the fiscal year. Repairs of plant were made at an expenditure of $2,632.57. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $35,055.91 for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project iscompleted. Pier construction was completed in 1904 and dredging in 1907. The condition of the pier and revetments is good with the exception of portions of the superstructures of the piers and inner portions of the revetments, which need rebuilding. At the close of the fiscal year controlling depths below low water were as follows: 19 feet on entrance bar, 18 feet between the piers, about 17 feet thence to mouth of Benton Harbor Canal, and 12 feet in the canal. The total expenditures under existing project are $303,093.38 for new work, $181,868.21 for maintenance, a total of $484,961.59. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The construction of a portion of the Benton Harbor Canal was at the expense of the local interests. Terminal facilities.--The two regular boat lines have terminals connected with the electric railway lines. There are several privately owned wharves, connected with steam railway lines, which are open to general use. Except for a few street ends there are no publicly owned wharves. The facilities are adequate for existing traffic con- ditions, but a public wharf, open to all on equal terms, should be acquired. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is bet- ter facilities for shipping manufactured and agricultural products and for carrying passengers, especially in the summer-resort season. The commerce isabout 70 per cent local and 30 per cent through. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Operation and repair of seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for mainte- nance (1919-1921) ----------------------------------------- $15, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies ------ - ------- 1,660. 02 Total 660. 02 1------------------------------ The following estimate is submitted for work of maintenance pro- posed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: Repairing harbor piers by cutting down and building concrete superstructures, as follows (1920-21): 320 linear feet south pier, at $40---------------------------------- $12, 800 380 linear feet north pier, at $40--------------------------------- 15, 200 Engineering and contingencies------------------ ------------------- 2,000 Total ------------------------------------------ 30, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is $15,596.97. The piers are much damaged above water surface, and the excess amount requested for maintenance is due to these neces- sarv repairs and increased cost of labor and materials. Recommended modifications of nroiect.-None. References to vublished articles not vreviously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 was 51 Der cent sand and gravel. 37 per cent fruit and vegetables. and the balance 1528 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. was largely miscellaneous merchandise, vinegar, pickles, and hosiery. There was an increase in shipments of sandand ravel and a large decrease in all other vessel traffic. Comparative statement. ShortCValue. Passen- Calendar Short Passen- Calentons. s gers. year. tons. ale gers. 1914............. 99,550 $6,209,910 273,566 1917........ 115,138 $6,224,527 125,690 1915........... 104,192 4,975,736 1 134, 121 1918 ............. 92, 410 4,818,149 69,780 1916............ 122,106 6, 285, 780 161,141 1 The large decrease in passengers was due to the steamer Eastland disaster of July 24, 1915. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats varies from about 12 feet to 16 feet. The decreased value for the increased tonnage of 1915 was due to decreased tonnage of high unit value and increased tonnage of low unit value. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deductinig receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,660.88: New work --- $806, 206. 61 Maintenance ____ 181,868. 21 Net total expended __ 988, 074. 82 Total appropriations to date of this report 1. 020, 312. 20 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................... . ... " .................... -..... ....... ........ -- Expended for maintenance 1..........1 $13,345. 53 $7, 849. 16 $2,972.97 $18, 793.29 $35, 055.91 Appropriated or allotted................... 5,000.00 .. . 36,500.00 33,000.00 19,590.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended___ __- _- ______ $47, 768. 19 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 - 19, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., (during fiscal year 1919 25. 10 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for lliltenance_ 67. 293. 29 35, 055. 91 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended 32, 237. 38 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------------------ $682. 29 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts___ 14, 895. 07 _ - 15. 577. 36 July 1, 1919, balance available _ 16, 660. 02 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_ _ 2 30, 000. 00 19. ST. JOSEPH RIVER, MICH. (B2). Location and description.-St. Joseph River rises near Hillsdale, Mich., flows southwestward into Indiana, thence northwest, and empties into Lake Michigan at St. Joseph. The length is not known. 1 Not deducting receipts fromt sales. etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1529 It has a drainage area of 4,586 square miles. Its discharge in cubic feet per second varies from about 300 to 21,600 with an average of about 3,000. High water occurs in spring with a rise of from 4 to 6 feet, and low water in summer. It is a crooked stream with rapid current and numerous shoal crossings 24 to 30 inches deep, with in- tervening pools from 4 to 8 feet deep. The average width below Berrien Springs is from 300 to 400 feet. The part under improve- ment extends from the mouth to Berrien Springs, a distance of about 22 miles by river, with a drop at lov water of about 17 feet from Berrien Springs to Lake Michigan. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7. Original condition.-In an early day steamboats made regular trips as far as South Bend, Ind., a distance of about 55 miles. Prior to 1849 there were locks at South Bend and at Mishawaka. In 1880 navigation was confined to the 22 miles below Berrien Springs, with occasional trips as far as Niles, about 38 miles above the mouth. The available depths were less than 2 to 3 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 2 to 3 feet deep at low water and from 30 to 50 feet wide from the mouth to Berrien Springs, a distance of about 22 miles, by building wing dams, mak- ing cuts through the shoals, and removing snags. Fluctuations in water surface due to floods vary from about 4 to 6 feet above low water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1880, is $11,300. There is no adopted estimate for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1880, pp. 2049--2055)'. There is no published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures, $75.33, were for maintenance in geneLal (care and superin- tendence of the river. Condition at (-nd of fiscal year.--Somle of the -worst places had been improved in a temporary way from year to year, so that stea!m- boats with draft of 3 feet or less operated between St. Joseph and Berrien Springs up to 1908; since 1908 little use of the river has been made, and this use has been confined to the lower 7 miles for gasoline boats of about 26 inches draft. The available depths at usual sumn mier stage are about 3 feet in the lower 9 miles and 2 to 2.5 feet in the remaining portion to Berrien Springs. The total amount expended to June 30, 1919, was $8,750, of which $4,555.49 was for new work and $4,194.51 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None, except as use is made of St. Joseph Harbor. Effect of improvement.-Prior to the building of electric railway lines on both sides of the river and prior to the purchase of the river :steamboats by one of these lines in 1908 the improvement was of benefit, in a very limited way, for transportation of farm products. At present, even if completed as originally planned, it would be of little benefit to commerce. Proposed operations.-The funds available for maintenance will be reserved for surveys or examinations when required. As no oper- ations are contemplated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, no estimate is submitted for additional funds. 1530 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The only commerce in 1918 was on the lower 6 miles of the river, where one gasoline boat made 200 round trips, carrying passengers and campers' outfits and supplies. About 49,000 cubic yards (61,250 tons) of sand and gravel were dredged from this portion of the river for commercial use. The commerce for 1914, 1915, 1916, and 1917 was similar to that of 1918; the amounts are not known. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $22.72: New work ------------- $4, 555. 49 Maintenance --- __ 4, 194. 51 Net total expended ------------------------------ 8,750. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 9, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work......... ........ .. . .......... ............ .. . . . ....... ...... Expended for maintenance 1. .......... 21. 42 $1, 599.09 $91.00............ $75.33 Appropriated or allotted....... ............ ............ ................. $1,000.00.......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-----------------------$1, 075.33 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 75. 33 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 20. SOUTH HAVEN HARBOR, MICH. (B3). Location and description.-This harbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 77 miles from Chicago, and consists of the lower part of Black River, which flows into the lake through a chan- nel protected by revetments and piers. The city of South Haven is situated on both banks of the river. The nearest harbors are St. Joseph Harbor, 23 miles to the south, and Saugatuck Harbor, 19 miles to the north.' See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-In 1866 the river had a width of 85 feet and was protected at its mouth by piers extending into the lake, diverg- ing at an angle of 30 ° to widen the entrance; the banks of the river for 500 feet on each side had a rough protection of close piling. The depth between the piers was 7 feet, and on the bar, about 750 feet from the entrance, from 9 to 10 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 14, 1880, August 2, 1882 and August 11, 1888. The amount expended thereon prior to beginning RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1531 work under the existing project in 1911 was $318,472.25, of which $187,232.83 was for new work and $131,239.42 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1947 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of Black River by two piers and revetments, 200 to 170 feet apart, with lengths of 2,143 feet and 2,182 feet for the north and south sides, respectively; for an entrance channel 19 feet deep and 120 feet wide to the mouth of the river, thence a channel 17 feet deep and 90 feet wide extend- ing up the river to a turning basin, 300 feet wide, located immediately below the bridge. The length of channel between entrance piers is 2,200 feet and in the river to the bridge 2,600 feet, a total length of 4,800 feet. The piers and revetments are formed of timber cribs and piling. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and ex- treme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 12 feet above or below the mean lake level prevail- ing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1903, is $279,370, exclusive of the amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1905) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the channel from the inner end of the piers to the highway bridge, and the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the remaining features of the existing project (H. Doc. No. 119, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). This document con- tains the latest published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted in dredging for restoration of project depths. The work was done by use of Government plant at an expenditure of $8,239.34 for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed with the exception of 400 feet extension to each pier; further ex- tension is not considered necessary at this time. The dredging was completed in 1912. Except for portions of the timber superstruc- ture, especially on the south pier and revetment, which will soon require rebuilding, the piers and revetments are in good condition. The controlling depths below low water at the end of the fiscal year were about 17 feet on the entrance bar and in the channel be- tween the piers and 15 feet in the river. The total expenditures under the existing project are $162,018.74 for new work, $107,702.35 for maintenance, a total of $269,721.09. Local cooperation.-The entrance piers in Lake Michigan were built by local interests prior to 1866 at a cost of between $18,000 and $20,000. The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905, required the establishment of dock lines and the building of bulkheads on these lines by the city or riparian owners and the donation of the property on the channel side of the dock lines to the United States. These requirements were complied with in 1910 at cost of $35,000; 2,640 feet of revetment were built and the required land deeded to the TUnited States in 1910. 1532 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Terminal facilities.-The regular boat line has a terminal with railroad connection. There are several privately owned wharves, with railroad connection which are open to general use. The city controls one street end, which is free to any boats which can use it. The facilities for the existing traffic should be improved. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement. An important benefit to commerce is more direct communication with Chicago for the transportation of farm products and manufactured articles and for summer-resort business. The commerce is about 80 per cent local and 20 per cent through. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Operation of United States seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for maintenance (1920) ------------------------------------------ __ $1, 600. 00 Engineering and contingencies_ 156.16 Total_--------------------------------------------------- , 756. 16 No estimate is submitted for completion of the project, as entrance depths are now maintained by dredging. Annual dredging is re- quired for maintenance. The following estimate is submitted for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: Operation of United States seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for main- tenance (1920-21) _- __ -_-_ $11,000 Engineering and contingencies--- - - 1, 000 Total 1-------------------------- 12, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is $9,872.58. The excess amount requested is due to the increased cost of labor and materials. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 was 46 per cent fruit and vegetables, 28 per cent crushed stone, 16 per cent miscellane- ous merchandise, and 8 per cent pianos. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Pase sengers. Caendar year. (' tons tons. Value. se s. sengers. 1914--------............ 21, 489 $2, 275, 881 141, 064 1917......... . .19, 913 $1,622, 79 91, 631 1915.............. 27, 435 1,818,645 1 79, 303 1918-...-.....--.. 16, 079 1, 403, 886 17, 229 1916............. 35,048 2,354,814 111,381 1 The decrease in passengers was largely-due to the steamer Eastland disaster of July 24, 1915. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats varies from about 10 to 16 feet. The decreased value for the increased tonage of 1915 was due mostly to decreased tonnage of high-unit value and increased tonnage of low-unit value. The decrease under 1917 was in crushed stone, fruit, and vegetables. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1533 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,000.30: New work $349, 251. 57 Maintenance -- 238, 941. 77 Net total explelnded-- 588, 193. 34 Total appropriations to date of this report 590,600.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................ . ... Expended for maintenance -............ $15, 334.90 $13,431.26 $4,268.66 $8,088.74 $8,239.34 Appropriated or allotted...... ........ 8,300.00............ 10,900.00 3,00.00 7,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended _-__- 2, 146. 00 $---------- Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_ 4, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 3,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 _-- - - 1, 500. 00 10, 646. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year1 for mainte- nance --- - --- 8, 239. 34 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____________________________ 2, 406. 66 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- __ 650. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance------------- 1, 756. 16 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization, act of Feb. 27, 1911 _________________ __________________ 115, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ __ 115,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_____________________________ 12, 000. 00 21. SAUGATUCK HARBOR AND KALAMAZOO RIVER, MICH. (B4). Location and description.-Thisharbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 90 miles from Chicago. The nearest har- bors are South Haven Harbor, 19 miles to the south, and Holland Harbor, 7 miles to the north. The harbor is at the mouth of the Kalamazoo River, and consists of a dredged channel extending up- stream about 2 miles to Kalamazoo Lake, an enlargement of the river less than a mile long; the portion of the channel in Lake Michigan is protected by parallel piers. Kalamazoo River has a drainage area of about 2,064 square miles, a short period of high water, and mod- erate current in the 8-mile navigable portion between Saugatuck and New Richmond, which has a width of from 100 to 150 feet between banks and a navigable depth of about 3 feet. At Trowbridge Dam, 6 miles above Allegan, drainage area 1,471 square miles, the discharge in second-feet at low and high water varied from about 100 to 10,260, respectively, for the years 1901-1907. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. 1534 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Original condition.-The river originally flowed into Lake Michi- gan about 4,000 feet south of the present mouth. Prior to 1867 the mouth of the river had been improved by local enterprise with slab piers, 200 feet apart, extending into Lake Michigan, the north pier being 500 feet long and the south pier 1,575 feet long. The channel depth varied from 5 to 7 feet. At this time the river was navigable for small steamers, and there was a daily line of boats from the mouth to Allegan, a distance of about 50 miles. Previous projects.-This original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1868, and was modified by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The amount expended thereon prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1904 was $207,785.92, of which $90,231.99 was for new work and $117,553.93 for maintenance. For further details of previous proj- ects, see page 1947 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of the Kalamazoo River by parallel piers, 200 feet apart, having lengths of 2,778 feet and 2,514 feet for the north and south piers, respec- tively, and for a channel 16 feet deep extending from that depth in Lake Michigan to the mouth of the river, thence 14 feet deep, 90 feet wide in the Kalamazoo River up to Saugatuck, a distance of 9,700 feet; this channel to be maintained until November, 1916. The piers are formed of timber cribs and piling. The project depths are re- ferred to low water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or be- low the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 12 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $286,000, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided the entrance channel (I-H. Doc. No. 192, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, pro- vided for deepening the entrance to 16 feet; and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the depth of 14 feet in the river (H.Doc. No. 635, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 608, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. Pier construction and dredging between the piers was completed in 1908; dredging in the river was completed in 1911. The condition of the piers and revetments is good, except that riprap, stone filling, and minor repairs to superstructure are needed to the outer portion of each pier. The controlling depth at close of fiscal year is not known. The total amount expended under existing project is $274,- 294.80 for new work, $75,358.28 for maintenance, a total of $349,653.08. Local cooperation.-There were no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. The land between Lake Michigan and the river required for the entrance channel for the new harbor was deeded to RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1535 the United States free of charge, on February 15, 1904, by the owiners, Mrs. Marguerite Cook and David C. Cook. In 1912 the riparian owner, Mrs. Marguerite Cook, built a revetment 415 feet 'long on the right bank of the river, beginning about 510 feet above the inner end of the north revetment, at a cost of about $4,000; in 1916 this revetment was continued upstream a further distance of 590 feet. Revetments at the town of Saugatuck were constructed by local interests. Terminal facilities.-At the village of Saugatuck there are several landing places for small steamboats, and one for translake boats. At the village of Douglas there is a steamboat pier. None of these land- ing places is connected with the electric railway. The terminal facil- ities are available for general use and are, perhaps, adequate for the existing traffic. For a full description of terminal facilities, see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-There is no competition by steam rail- road. The freight rates by vessel .direct to Chicago are the same as by boat to South Haven, or by electric railway to Holland, and thence from either of these ports by boat to Chicago. The com- merce is all local, and the benefits are communication with Chicago, either direct or through the adjoining harbors, largely for carrying fruit and vegetables and summer-resort passengers. Proposed operations.-The period of experimental maintenance expired in November, 1916, and in accordance with the terms of the existing project a special report was submitted as to the desirability of continuing or abandoning the improvement. The conclusions of this report were unfavorable to continuing the improvement. In ac- cordance with the recommendation of the special report, no estimate for further appropriation is submitted at this time. Recommlended modifications of project.-Legislation authorizing the abandonment of the project has been recommended in House Document No. 292, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 was 8 per cent gravel and 50 per cent crushed stone received, and 35 per cent fruit and vegetables shipped. Comparative statement. Calendar year.gers yer.Value. ValueCalendar assen- Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passue.en- gers. 1914............. 15,380 $707,641 14,251 1917.............. 8,711 $271,591 2, 032 1915............. 31,491 672,035 7,424 1918.............. 6,371 158,397 1,733 1916............. 10,465 336,433 3,797 The decreased tonnage (2,340) under 1917 is in the items of coal and crushed stone received, and fruit and vegetables shipped. The decrease in money value in 1915 was due to the large decrease in value of the fruit and vegetables. The Saugatuck-Chicago steamers ceased operating July 29, 1915, immediately following the Eastland disaster, and there has been no regular line of translake boats since. 125851--ENO 1919--97 1536 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30. 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $400: .New work --- $364, 526. 79 Maintenance -- -------------------------------------- 192, 912. 21 Net total expended--- 439. 00 5------------------------------5 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------561, 439. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. -1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expenied for ne-v work.................. E entlel for m intenance 1..... ....... $8 04 $5, 69 88 $250.36................... Appropriated or allotted.. .............. 3500.0 ............ 4,000.00................... 1 Not delucing re:eipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918 balaheiepended----- ----------------------- $4, 000. 00 July 1, 1910, balance u~lixpenided__----------------------_ 4,000. 00 22. HOLLAND HARBOR, MICH. (B5). Zo aoionand description.--This harbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan about 94 miles from Chicago, and consists of Black Lake, about 5 miles long with a general width of from 1,000 to 3,000 feet, and depths of 18 feet or more, and a channel about one- half mile long between piers and revetments, extending into Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Saugatuck Harbor, 7 miles to the south, and Grand Haven Harbor, 20 miles to the north. See U. S: Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.--Prior-to about 1860 the natural outlet into Lake Michigan was through a narrow and shallow channel at the northwes t corner of the lake. When improvement was begun by the United States in 1867 there existed a narrow artificial channel 53 feet deep between piers of irregular cribwork built by local in- terests, Navigation extends about 5 miles to the head of Black Lake. Previous projecto..The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 30, 1852, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 23, 1866; March 3, 1873; March 3. 1879; July 5, 1884; and July 13, 1892. The amount expended there- under prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1899 was $$04,217.30, $176,619.80 for new work and $127,597.50 for maintenane.. For further details of previous projects, see page 1948 df Annual Report for 1915. Existing pro.ject.-This provides for deepening the channel from Black Lake to Lake Michigan by dredging to 16 feet; repairing piers and revetments; widening the harbor entrance with converging piers 300 feet apart at the outer end, 740 feet apart at the inner end, and connected at inner ends with existing piers, having lengths of 2,845 feet and 2,713 feet for the north and south piers, respectively. The total length of channel is about 2,500 feet. The piers and revetments are built of timber cribs and piling. The project depth is referred to low water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or halow the an- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1537 nual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1l feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The latest (1907) ap- proved estimate of cost of new work is $273,052, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. There is no adopted estimate for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 30, 1852, provided for an artificial channel between Black Lake and Lake Michigan; the act of March 2, 1867, provided for piers and revetments to protect the channel (Annual Report for 1866, pp. 106"to 109) ; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the existing project (H. Doc. No. 272, 54th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the converging piers (Annual Report for 1905, p. 2176). The latest published map is in House Document No. 817, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted in dredging for restoration of project depth. The work was done by U. S. dredge Meade at an expenditure of $5,040.66. The sum of $915.47 was expended in construction of a new scow by hired labor. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $5,956.13 for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is com- pleted. The dredging was completed in 1909 and the pier construe- tion in 1910. The timber superstructure of both converging piers is in poor condition and will soon require rebuilding; otherwise the piers and revetments are in good condition. At the close of the fis- cal year the controlling depth at low water was about 16 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project are $315,007.99 for new work, $166,804.47 for maintenance, a total of $481,812.46. Local cooperation.-There were no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. Before 1868 the harbor commissioners of the town of Holland expended $30,000 in cutting the new channel between Black Lake and Lake Michigan and in partly protecting its banks. In 1889 and 1890 the citizens of Holland contributed $1,772 for dredging by Government dredge in the entrance channel. In 1897 the Pere Marquette Railroad Co. constructed a revetment and wharf about 850 feet long in extension of the inner end of the north revet- ment. Terminal facilities.-The regular boat line has two terminals on the south side of Black Lake, one at the city of Holland, the other near the west end of the lake. There is a private wharf at Holland which is open to general use. The wharves at Holland are confiected with the steam railway. The electric railway connects with both- terminals of the regular boat line. There are no public or municipal wharves. The terminals are adequate for the existing conditions, but a public wharf for use on equal terms seems advisable. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty- third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The commerce is about 35 per cent local and 65 per cent through. The principal benefit to commerce is in- creased facilities for shipping general merchandise and construction materials, and for summer-resort passenger business. The regular 1538 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. boat line to Chicago, in connection with the electric railway, gives direct and prompt service to Grand Rapids and other interior points. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for maintenance (1920) ------------------------------ ---- __ $1, 350. 00 Engineering and contingencies -- 55. 65 1--------------------- Total 1, 505. 65 The following estimate is submitted for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for maintenance (1920-21) $9, 000 Engineering and contingencies_-- ---- 1, 000 Total ---- - --------- lo------ 10, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is $5,141.29. The project dimensions of channel have not been fully maintained during the past two years on account of war conditions and the here- tofore prevailing high water. As the water level is now falling and the probabilities are that'much lower water will prevail in the next two years, it is necessary to restore the channel to full project dimen- sions. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to the foregoing and to the increased cost of labor and materials. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The character of the commerce for 1918 was 16 per cent general merchandise, 62 per cent crushed stone and gravel, 5 per cent fruit and vegetables, and 7 per cent furniture. Comparative statement. S t IPassen- Short Passen- Calendar a d yayear. Short tons. Value. Paen- gers. Calendar year. ons.4gers. Value. tons. ssen- 1914.............. 34,074 $4,352 237 66,206 191742,390 $6,767,160 43,423 1915............ 30, 426 4,264,538 48,106 1918.............. 21,154 3,155, 745 36,232 1916.. ...... . 36,832 5, 561, 250 61,475 The usual limit of draft for loaded boats varies from 8 to 16 feet. The decrease in commerce for 1918 is due to the decrease of miscel- laneous merchandise, fruit, and vegetables. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting :receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,378.15: New work ----------------------- $491, 627. 79 Maintenance -- -294, 401. 97 Net total expended_ 786, 029. 76 Total appropriations to date of this report- 789, 366. 12 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1538 Fi cal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................... ... .. ... .. . Expended for maintenance 1............... $6, 710.34 I 6,'337.98 $3,966.54 $2, 735. 47 $5, 956. 13 Appropriated or allotted............ .... 3,600.00 ........... . 5,00000 10,000.00.......... I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ..........- $8, 302. 69 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 989. 80 9, 292. 49 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 15, 956. 13 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_________________________ 3, 336. 36 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities___________________ $330. 71 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts___ 1, 500. 00 1, 830. 71 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance_- - 1, 505. 65 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_______________ ___ ___ 210, 000. 00 23. GRAND HAVEN HARBOR, MICH. (B6.) Location and description.-Thisharbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of Grand River, and consists of a channel protected by approximately parallel piers and revetments extending from Lake Michigan about 11 miles up the river to the steamboat terminal at Grand Haven. It is about 107 miles from Chicago and 84 miles from Milwaukee. The nearest harbors are Holland Harbor, 20 miles to the south, and Muskegon Harbor, 12 miles to the north. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-The natural depth at the mouth of the river varied from 9 to 12 feet, with greater depths up the harbor to the town of Grand Haven. The width of this channel was variable and uncertain. The south bank was protected by a pile revetment and pile pier extending into Lake Michigan, having a total length of 3,185 feet, built in 1857 by the Detroit & Milwaukee Railroad Co. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel at the mouth of Grand River, with a depth of 18 feet from Lake Michigan (upper limit of improvement not stated), protected by piers and revetments, 415 feet apart at the entrance, diminishing to 390 feet inside. The latest (1892) approved estimate of cost of new work is $804,366.15. There is no adopted estimate of cost of maintenance. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctua- tions of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a tempo- rary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11 .feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of availalle funds. 1540 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1866, and amended by river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880; Sep- tember 19, 1890; and June 13, 1892, which amendments consisted principally of changes in cost and additions to length of piers and revetments. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1890, page 2650. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract dated May 12, 1916, for repairing pile substructure and constructing con- crete superstructure south revetment, work was in progress at be- ginning of fiscal year, and was continued until October 21, 1918. The contract was completed except for the stone filling. The contract was terminated by supplemental agreement dated November 25, 1918. Expenditures during the fiscal year under this contract and supplemental agreement were $14,081.77. Under contract dated May 14, 1917, for building pile substructure and constructing concrete superstructure, north revetment, work was in progress at beginning of fiscal year and was continued until September 25, 1918. The contract was completed except for a por- tion of the stone filling. The contract was terminated by supple- mental agreement dated January 27, 1919. Expenditures during the fiscal year under this contract and supplemental agreement were $13,141.31. An expenditure of $11,042.27 was made under contract for stone, dated May 10, 1918, which stone was delivered in June, 1918. Dredging by use of Government plant restored project depth on entrance bar and throughout the channel at an expenditure of $12,665.19. Repairs to superstructure on south pier by Government plant and hired labor were in progress at close of fiscal year, the expenditures to end of fiscal year being $4,437.07. Minor repairs were made to various portions of the piers and to floating plant and plant con- structed at a cost of $2,408.91. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $57,776.52 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is com- pleted with the exception of 150 feet extension to north pier and 100 feet to south pier, which are not considered necessary at present. The project depth was obtained in 1906. The piers and revetments with the exception of portions recently repaired by contract and by hired labor, are in poor condition, the superstructures, especially of the piers, being very dilapidated and stone filling is required for the revetments. The controlling depth at low water datum at the end of the fiscal year was 18 feet. The total expenditures under existing project are $542,976.82 for new work, $650,656.30 for main- tenance, a total of $1,193,633.12. Local cooperation.-There were no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. Prior to the beginning of Government work the De- troit & Milwaukee Railroad Co. (now the Grand Trunk Railway) built a south pier and revetment 3,185 feet long. Terminal facilities.-The regular boat lines have terminals with rail connections, a car-ferry slip providing for translake car service. Fish tugs and other small vessels have landing places along the river. The public has a linmited use of the water front at tile ends of several RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1541 streets. The terminal facilities while perhaps adequate for the exist- ing commerce, should be further developed. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session. Effect of improvement. The improvement is of benefit to inter- state commerce, due to the operation between Grand Haven and Milwaukee of a line of car ferries by the Grand Trunk Railway. The through-rail and car-ferry service is an advantage to commerce, fur- nishing quicker transportation, although the carload rates are the same as by the longer routes around Lake Michigan. The regular boat line to Chicago, in connection with the electric railway, gives direct and prompt service to Grand Rapids and other interior points. Of the entire commerce, 98 per cent is through and 2 per cent local. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade for maintenance (1919-1921)----- ---------------------------------- $16, 000.00 Rebuilding in concrete 1,000 linear feet superstructure on harbor piers (1919), at $40----------------- 40. 000. 00 800 tons stone for filling piers (1919), at $2.50-- ------------- 2, - 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies-------------------------------5, 048. 37 Total _ --------------------------------------------- 63,048.37 Both harbor piers are in very dilapidated condition above the water surface. It is proposed to continue the rebuilding of these piers as rapidly as funds are provided and the work can be done. The following estimate is submitted for work of maintenance pro- posed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: Rebuilding in concrete 1,250 linear feet superstructure on harbor piers (1920-21), at $40 $---------------- Engineering and contingencies------------------ 5, 000 Total ------------------ --- 55, 000 No estimate is submitted for the completion of the project, as en- trance depths are now-maintained by annual dredging. The average cost for maintenance for the past five years is $32,944.39. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to rebuilding of the piers and to the increased cost of labor and materials. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 consisted largely of grain and grain products, lumber, coal, and miscellaneous mer- chandise. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats is 18 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar cr year. tons.' Short Value. Passen- gers. Calendar year. Short tons.' Value. vars. Passen- 1914-------.....----........ 645,804$49,331,673 74,930 1917............ 497,035 $41,942,195 64,023 1915..............663,229 49,489 697 57 488 1918... ...... 542,756 45,431,387 28,845 1916............ 717201 61,086,737 75 170 1Exclusive ofweight offreight cars by car ferries. carried 1542 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8,238.90: New work -------------------- -- $542, 976. 82 Maintenance - - 650, 656. 30 Net total expended-..-- 1, 193, 633. 12 Total appropriations to. date of this report__ i, 265, 440. 65 Fiscal year ending J.une 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............... ..................... ......... ........ Expended for maintenance 1............ . $17, 104. 36 $13, 799.55 $34, 384. 11 $46, 431.93 $57,776.52 Appropriated or allotted ................... 50,000.00 ............71,750.00 6,550.00 82, 774.50 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended _ _-_ ___________ $44, 749. 85 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__- 25,000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919___ 53, 000. 00 Amount allotted Jan. 25 and May 7, 1919, for readjustment of con- tracts under section 8, river and harbor act of July 18, 1918_______ 4, 774. 50 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919__________________ 2, 059. 70 129, 584. 05 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, 1 for maintenance_ 57, 776. 52 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended________________________________ 71, 807. 53 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------- $6, 759. 16 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts___ 2, 000. 00 8, 759. 16 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance _________ 63, 048. 37 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__ ___________________ 000.00 -40, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance--- - -------------------- ----- - 255, 000. 00 24. GRAND RIVER, MICH. (B7.) Location and description.-GrandRiver rises in Jackson County, flows northward to Lansing, thence nothwestward, and finally west- ward into Lake Michigan at Grand Haven, with a total length of about 300 miles. It has a drainage area of 5,572 square miles and a total fall of about 350 feet. The section included in the project, about 39 miles from Grand Rapids to Grand Haven, has a sluggish current, with a fall at low water of about 6 feet to Lake Michigan, of which 3 feet is in the upper 6 miles; the average width in the upper 23 miles is about 400 feet and in the lower 16 miles about 600 feet. The discharge at low and high water varies from about 730 to 56,000 second-feet, respectively. High water occurs in the spring months and low water in the summer and fall months. See U. S. Lake Sur- vey chart No. 0, General Chart, and U. S. Geological Survey, Grand Rapids quadrangle. Original condition.-The natural width of the improved portion from Grand Rapids to the mouth varies from 300 to 1,000 feet; the depth over bar crossings was 1 feet at extreme low water. At an early day a regular line of steamboats operated between Lyons (about from sales, etc. Exclusive 27 of available funds. SNot deducting receipts RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1543 36 miles in a direct line east of Grand Rapids) and Grand Haven, making a portage at Grand Rapids, where there was a drop in the river, forming rapids. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1881. A new project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 3, 1896, and was modified by the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902. The total amount expended prior to the commencement of work under.the ex- isting project in 1897 was $324,756.60, of which $311,329.15 was for new work and $13,427.45 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1949 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at low water of 1889, 100 feet wide and about 39 miles long, from Fulton Street, in Grand Rapids, to Grand Haven, Mich. High water at Grand Rapids, due to floods, has a height of 12 to 18 feet above low water, with extreme height of about 26 feet. These heights decrease downstream, becoming slight at Grand Haven. Extreme low water may be 2 feet below low water of 1889. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1905, is $430,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1905) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for a channel 100 feet wide from Grand Rapids to Grand Haven (H. Doc. No. 197, 52d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, extended the improvement one-half mile upstream to Fulton Street, in Grand Rapids (An- nual Report for 1903, p. 510) ; and the act of March 3, 1905, provided for a depth of 6 feet (H. Doc. No. 216, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 667, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted in dredging for restoration of project depth, at an expenditure of $545.33. The work was done by use of Government plant. Construc- tion and repairs of plant and superintendence involved an expendi- ture of $2,354.42. The expenditures during the fiscal year were $2,899.75 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed, except for 5,400 linear feet of channel within the city limits of Grand Rapids, which has been dredged to project depth, but with width of only 40 to 90 feet. Present operations are confined to maintenance of the lower 18 miles, no commercial use being made at present of the upper 21 miles. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depth in the lower 18 miles was about 6 feet at low water. The controlling depth in upper 21 miles is about 2 to 3 feet. The total expenditures under existing project are $123,871.93 for new work, $70,902.38 for maintenance, a total of $194,774.31. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Between the years 1909 and 1913 the city of Grand Rapids, as a measure of flood pro- tection, dredged the entire width of the river for a distance of about 6,200 feet below Fulton Street Bridge to a depth of about 3.5 feet below standard low water of 1889, and built flood walls, or embankments, on both sides of this portion of the river. Terminal facilities.-At the village of Spring Lake there is a landing place where light-draft boats can lie alongside a revetment; elsewhere the natural bank of the river is used, and appears to be 1544 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. adequate. The city of Grand Rapids provides no terminal or land- ing place, and is making no active commercial use of the river. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement. The improvement has no effect on freight rates. The principal benefit to commerce is the transportation of gravel on the lower 16 miles of the river to Grand Haven or other near-by Lake Michigan harbors. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Operation of U. S. bucket dredge Saginaw, with attendant tug and scows, for maintenance (1919) ---------------------------- $2, 400. 00 Engineering and contingencies --------------------------------- 83. 60 Total ------------------------------ 2, 683. 60 The following estimate is submitted for work of mnaintenance pro- posed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: Operation of U. S. bucket dredge Saginaw, with attendant tug and scows, for maintenance (1920) $3, 600 Engineering and contingencies 400 Total ------------------------------------------------ 4, 000 No estimate is submitted for completion of project, as the abandon- ment of the improvement above the town of Lamont (upper 21 miles) has been recommended. Recommended modifications of project.-The abandonment of that part of the improvement above the town of Lamont and the con- tinuance of maintenance dredging between Lamont and Grand Haven Harbor to a depth of 6 feet at low water, at an estimated cost of $4,000 annually, is recommended in House Document No. 667, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Re ferences to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics. -The character of the commerce for 1918 was 95 per cent sand and gravel and 5 per cent logs. Comparative statement. Short tons. Passer- gers gers. Short Short Value. Passen- Pan- Calendar year. Value. lCalendar endar year. tons. gers. 1914............. 49,555 $166,139 5,176 1917........... . 44,203 $61,301 3,546 1915............. 55,143 117034 4,500 1918..............44,160 28,150.. 1916.............. 49,495 61,079 2,767 No freight and passenger boat operated on the river during 1918. The gravel was carried on the lower 16 miles of the river by tugs and scows of 6 feet loaded draft, and the logs were rafted down. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,446.89: New work__--- ---------------------------------- $435, 201. 08 Maintenance ------------------ -84, -_ 329. 83 Net total expended_ - 519, 530. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report 523, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1545 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work... Expended for maintenance 1.............. $4, 796.01 $6, 642. 26 $5,743.80 $2,570. 97 $2, 899. 75 Appropriated or allotted................... 4,200.00 ............ 5,800.00 .. ................ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_-----------------------------6, 368. 84 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ------------------------------------------------- 2,899. 75 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----------------------____------- 3, 469. 09 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------ 785. 49 7--------__- July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance------_----- 2, 683. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ 149, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1921, for maintenance-------------------- -----__ 14, 000.00 25. MUSKEGON HARBOR, MICH. (BS). Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 113 miles from Chicago and 80 miles from Milwaukee. The nearest harbors are Grand Haven Harbor, 12 miles to the south, and White Lake Harbor, 11.5 miles to the north. It is located at the mouth of the Muskegon River, and consists of a dredgcd channel between parallel piers and revetments, extending from Lake Michigan to Muskegon Lake, a body of water of navigable depth and about 5 miles long, on which the city of Muskegon is situated. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-The channel between the lakes had a length of 3,000 feet and depth of 12 feet, with a depth of 11 feet in a fluctu- ating channel at the entrance; the sides were protected at the en- trance by slab piers extending into Lake Michigan, built by local in- terests, 1,450 feet long on the north side and 2,070 feet long on the south side, with entrance width of 175 feet, widening to 240 feet inside. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of June 10, 1872; June 23, 1874; August 2, 1882; September 19, 1890; August 18, 1894; and March 3, 1899. The amount expended prior to the commencement of work under the ex- isting project in 1903 was $526,293.36, of which $388,218.42 was for new work and $138,074.94 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1950 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel protected by par- allel piers and revetments, and extending from Lake Michigan to Muskegon Lake with a depth of 20 feet, a uniform width of 300 feet, and a length of 5,600 feet; for removing 1,040 feet of old pier and revetment; for extending the north pier 350 feet and the south pier 200 feet; for building 500 feet sheet-pile pier and 6,115 feet of sheet- pile revetment, and for dredging 750,000 cubic yards. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctua- tions of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1546 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a tem- porary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1894, is $380,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous project. There is no approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for entrance piers (Annual Reports for 1866, p. 146, and 1867, p. 110) ; the acts of June 10, 1872, and June 23, 1874, provided for construction of piers and revetments (Annual Reports for 1873, pp. 38 and 271, and 1874, p. 183) ; the act of August 2, 1882, provided for pier extension in Lake Michigan with entrance width of 300 feet (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2217, and 1884, p. 1984); the act of August 18, 1894, provided for further pier extension and revetments; the act of June 13, 1902, pro- vided for the existing project (H. Doc. No. 104, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 352, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work under contract dated May 10, 1918, for riprapping outer portions of the piers, was in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year and completed August 24, 1918, at a cost of $15,007.01. Dredging by use of Government plant restored the project depth at an expenditure of $9,694.75. Construction and repairs of plant involved an expenditure of $2,- 500.94. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $27,202.70 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed with the exception of 350 feet extension to north pier and 200 feet to south pier. Further extension of the piers is not considered neces- sary at this time. The project depth of 20 feet below low water was obtained in 1911. The timber superstructure on outer portions of the piers will soon need rebuilding. About 300 feet of the south revetment requires immediate rebuilding above the water. The con- trolling depth below low water at the close of the fiscal year was about 19 feet. The total expenditures under existing project are $225,189.54 for new work, $178,035.60 for maintenance, a total of $403,225.14. Local cooperation.-The act of June 13, 1902, provided " that the land to be removed in order to secure the increased width of channel and to build the revetments will be ceded without cost to the United States; also that an area equal to that at present occupied by the United States Life-Saving Service will be restored to the United States for the same occupation and purpose." The land required for widening the harbor was donated to the United States by deed of June 14, 1905. Terminal facilities.-The terminals are at the city of Muskegon, at the inner end of Muskegon Lake. The regular boat lines have piers with warehouses and individual industries have their own piers. There are several piers, provided with railroad connections and warehouses, which are open to general use. The city has a few small landing places available for small craft, such as motor boats. The facilities are only passably adequate for the existing traffic, and should be improved. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1547 Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is in- creased facilities for shipping manufactured articles, general mer- chandise, and road materials, the traffic being about 83 per cent local and 17 per cent through. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Operation of U. S. ?,eagoing hopper dredge Meade for maintenance (1919) _ _--------------------------_ $2,000.00 Engineering and contingencies_ 208. 60 Total_ _ -- ----------------- 2, 208. 60 No estimate is submitted for completion of project, as entrance depths are maintained by annual dredging. The following estimate is submitted for work of maintenance proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade for maintenance (1920-21) 500 $--------------- Repairing 304 linear feet of south revetment and building concrete superstructure (1920-21) at $50 ---------- ------------ 15, 200 Engineering and contingencies ----------------- -- 2,300 2, Total------- ------------------------------------ 25, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is $10,016.09. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to rebuilding portion of south revetment and to the increased cost of labor and materials. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 was largely pulp- wood, gasoline, crushed stone, sand and gravel, manufactured arti- cles, and general merchandise; 81 per cent was receipts and 19 per cent shipments. Of the total commerce 18 per cent was receipts of crushed stone, sand, and gravel, and 27 per cent was receipts of pulpwood, 12 per cent was receipts of gasoline, and 33 per cent was miscellaneous merchandise. Comparative statement. ar Calend Short alue Passen- alendar year hort Value. Passen- year. Calendar tons. gers. Calendar tons. gers. 1914 ............ 119,811 $8,154,536 71,449 1917............. 78,092 $6,987,309 62,283 1915.............. 115,035 8,244,279 62,317 1918...------------114,370 9,108,563 64,489 1916.............. 127,496 10, 247,808 75,324 The usual limit of draft for loaded boats varies from 8 to 16 feet. Financialsum mary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,925.40: New work - ---------------- $613, 407. 96 Maintenance__ ._ . _.. 316, 110. 54 Net total expended 929, 518. 50 Total appropriations to date of this report___ __ _ 934, 400. 00 1548 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 ...... Expended for new work............... Expended for maintenance 1.... $5,...................... 462. 87 $9, 035. 48 $3, 821. 28 $1, 558. 1 $7, 202. 70 Appropriated or allotted._............... 9, 500. 00 ............ 7, 500.00 28, 00.00 3,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ ------------------------------- $28, 382. 70 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 3, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 701. 50 32, 084. 20 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for main- tenance -------------------------------------------------- 27, 202. 70 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended -------------------------------- 4, 881. 50 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------------- $172. 90 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts.... 2, 500. 00 2, 672.90 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance -- __ ___ 2, 208. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------------ 266, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance- _______________--_ _225, 000.00 26. WHITE LAKE HARBOR, MICH. (B9). Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 119 miles from Chicago. It consists of White Lake, a body of water about 4.5 miles long and of navigable depth, and of the channel about 1,950 feet long, leading to Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Muskegon Harbor, 11.5 miles to the south, and Pentwater Harbor, 32 miles to the north. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-The natural outlet of White Lake, about 3,550 feet north of the present entrance, afforded a channel 5 feet deep and 125 feet wide between slab piers built by local interests. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the abandonment of the old outlet and the creation of a new channel from Lake Michigan to White Lake, 200 feet wide between parallel piers and revetments, and of such depth between the piers and over the bar as would admit of the free use of the Government dredge Meade (formerly Gillespie), which use requires about 16 feet in still water. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a tem- porary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $353,550. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, provided for the mainte- nance of the harbor for a period of five years by dredging and minor repairs, at an annual cost of $5,500, and that the harbor be then re- examined as to the advisability of further improvement. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1549 The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and amended by river and harbor acts approved March 3, 1873, July 5, 1884, July 13, 1892, and March 2, 1907. These amendments relate principally to the length of the proposed piers and revetments, and the estimated costs, except the last one, which increased the project depth by dredging. The latest published map is in House Document No. 2,053, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted in dredging for restoration of project depth. The work was done by use of Government plant at an expenditure of $2,338.19 for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed with the exception of 50 feet extension to north pier and 100 feet to south pier, which are believed to be unnecessary. The project depth was obtained in 1908, but annual dredging is necessary for mainte- nance. The outer portions of the pier are in fair condition but the inner portions are dilapidated. The controlling depth at low water was aLout 16 feet at the close of the fiscal year. The total expendi- tures under existing project are $207,862.44 for new work and $173,- 450.92 for maintenance, a total of $381,313.36. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At the village of Whitehall at the inner end of White Lake is a wharf used by the regular boat line, a village wharf that is open to all boats of shallow draft, and a private wharf said to be open to all boats. There is no railroad connection with these wharves. At the westerly end of White Lake are several land- ing piers for summer-resort business used by the regular boat line and smaller boats. The terminal facilities are perhaps ample for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The benefits to commerce are entirely local and centered chiefly in receipts of crushed stone and gravel and in the summer-resort business. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Operstion of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for maintenance (1919-20) 750. 00 $------------------- Engineering and contingencies --------------------------------- 480. 73 Total --------------------------------------------- 5, 230. 73 No estimate is submitted for completion of project, as entrance depths are maintained by annual dredging. The following estimate is submitted for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for maintenance (1920-21)__ ___-_-_ $4, 500 Engineering and contingencies----------------------------------500 Total ----------- 5 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is $1,924.57. The project dimensions of channel have not been fully maintained during the past two years on account of war conditions and the 1550 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. prevailing high water. As the water level is now falling and the probabilities are that much lower water will prevail in the next two years, it is necessary to restore the channel width to project dimen- sions. There has also been a demand from steamer company for greater facilities. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to the foregoing and to the increased cost of labor and materials. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 was about 83 per cent crushed stone (received) and 13 per cent miscellaneous mer- chandise and leather. The decrease was largely in crushed stone. Comparative statement. C alendar year C r tons.Value. Calendar year.tn Pgers.n . tons. Val. . . gers. 1914............ 260 10,695 $351, 16, 302 1917..... ...... 4, 621 $361,130 12,181 1915............. 10,071 335,941 11,675 1918... .... 3,202 180,271 9,240 1916..............7,063 253,930 15,139 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats varies from about 8 to 16 feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,910: New work---------------------__-----------_ $207, 862.44 Maintenance_ - - --- 173, -450. 92 Net total expended-- - - 381, 313. 36 Total appropriations to date of this report_- - 388, 550. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ... . ......................... ..... ....... $1,348. 56 Expended for maintenance ............... $4,;897.54 $363.01 $675.54 $2, 338.19 Appropriated or allotted......... .... 48,000.00 ...... I.............. 5,500.00 3,500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ------------- $5, 024. 83 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__ 3, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919----------------- 1, 050. 00 9, 574.83 June 30,1919, amount expended (luring fiscal year for maintenance _ 2, 338. 19 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____ 7, 236. 64 July 1, 1919, outstanding lihbilities_ _ $1, 005. 91 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts _ 1, 000. 00 2, 005. 91 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance-------------- 5, 230. 73 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___----- - - - - 221, 720. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance 2 5, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 xclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1551 27. LUDINGTON HARBOR, MICH. (B10). Location and description.-This harbor, located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 155 miles from Chicago, is the outlet of Pere Marquette River, which expands into Pere Marquette Lake before emptying into Lake Michigan. Pere Marquette Lake is about 2 miles long, one-half mile in average width, and from 20 to 40 feet deep. The nearest harbors are Pentwater Harbor, 11.5 miles to the south, and Manistee Harbor, 24 miles to the north. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-The channel from Pere Marquette Lake to Lake Michigan had been improved by private interests. Its length was about 830 feet. The depth was from 7 to 8 feet. Width un- known. The channel had been protected by diverging slab piers. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved August 5, 1886, August 11, 1888, and March 3, 1899. The amount expended prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1908 was $617,867.30, of which $491,416.22 was for new work and $126,451.08 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1951 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for an exterior basin in Lake Michigan formed by two breakwaters, each 1,800 feet long, 400 feet apart at the outer ends, diverging at an angle of 90 ° , the inner ends to be connected with the shore by suitable structures; for the removal of the outer end of the inner piers; for dredging the exterior basin; and for an inner channel connecting Pere Marquette Lake with Lake Michigan, 183 to 285 feet wide and 18 feet deep, protected by piers and revetments. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1916, is $1,090,587, exclusive of amount expended on pre- vious project. There is no estimate of annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for the entrance piers' (Annual Report for 1867, p. 114); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for a channel 18 feet deep below low water (2 feet below mean lake level 1860-75) between Lake Michigan and Pere Mar- quette Lake, for pier extensions, and reconstruction and repairs to existing structures (H. Doec. No. 273, 54th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the breakwaters, shore connections, and removal of outer ends of the two inside piers (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess., and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for additional riprap and stone filling (Annual Report for 1912, p. 1044); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for dredging in the basin and for riprap for the breakwaters (Annual Report for 1916, p. 1401). The latest pub- lished map is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 2974. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work under contract dated January 9, 1917, for placing riprap around both breakwaters 125851--ENG 1919---98 1552 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. was in progress at beginning of fiscal year and was continued until October, 1918. The uncompleted contract was terminated by sup- plemental agreement dated January 29, 1919. Expenditures during fiscal year under this contract and supplemental agreement are $26,418.53. Repairs were made to timber superstructure on portions of both breakwaters. The work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant, at an expenditure of $3,238.58. Minor repairs to piers, soundings, and repairs to floating plant involved an expendi- ture of $2,322.84. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $26,796.22 for new work, $5,183.73 for maintenance, a total of $31,979.95. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed, with the exception of the riprap for the breakwaters. The piers and break- waters are generally in good condition. Additional riprap is re- quired for the breakwaters, for which funds are available. The tim- ber superstructures of the breakwaters require annual repairs, due to damage by storms, and portions of the superstructure of the inner piers are in poor condition. The controlling depths below low water at.the close of the fiscal year were about 20 feet in the basin and 18 feet between the inside piers. The expenditures under the existing project are $1,036,085.93 for new work, $96,820.64 for maintenance, a total of $1,132,906.57. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Land at the inner ends of the two breakwater shore connections was donated to the United States by local interests; that for the north shore connection, 160 feet by about 225 feet, by deed of June 22, 1912, and that for the south shore connection, about 200 feet square, by deeds of July 12, 1912, and November 12, 1912. Terminal facilities.-The main terminal is that of the Pere Mar- quette Railway Co. with two car-ferry slips, wharves with ware- houses and grain elevator, all with railroad connections. The regu- lar boat line from Chicago has a wharf with warehouse but no rail- road connection. There are a number of wharves with railroad con- nections at lumber and salt industries. The city has a small wharf available for vessels of moderate draft. The terminal facilities are perhaps adequate for the existing commerce, but might be improved. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is the opportunity for translake business, largely by the car ferries of the Pere Marquette Railway Co. to Milwaukee and Manitowoc; the bulk freight shipment of lumber and salt; and the package freight busi- ness with Milwaukee and Chicago. About 88 per cent of the com- merce is through and 12 per cent local traffic. The through rail-and- boat service gives more direct and quicker transportation, although the rates for carload shipments are the same as by the longer routes around Lake Michigan. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work pro- posed to be done with the funds now available: New work : Riprap for breakwater, completing project (1919-20) $92, 000. 00 Engineeritig and contingencies__ .__.. _ 9, 200. 00 T otal .... _._.. . .. .. .... ... . ... _ . 101,200. 00) RIVERS AND HARBORS--MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1553 Maintenance : Operation of U. S. seaojgoinmg hopper dredge Meade for mainte- nance (191.9-21 L _ _ -$8, 000. 00( Repairs to breakwater, timber and labor (1919) _ 2,500 5 00 Engineering and conltingencies 925. 56 Totoal - 11, 425.56 Grand -total_ -- 112, 625. 56 The funds available are sufficient for coml}letion of existing project and for maintenance of the harbor to June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of pro ect.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. Commercial statistics.--The commerce for 1918 was largely grain and grain products, forest products, coal, salt, and miscellaneous merchandise; the increase over 1917 is due largely to the large amount of freight carried by the Ann Arbor car ferries, which were diverted from their usual run to Frankfort Harbor and made 208 trips to Lud- ington. The greater portion of all commerce was by car ferry. Comparative statement. Calendar year.y Short tons. Value. V Passen- gers. Calendar year. Short tons.' Value. Passen- gers. 1914............ 1,510,437 $53,408,710 38,482 1917.......... 11,762,725 $72,084,752 25,132 1915........ . 1,781.329 57,159,037 29,940 1918.......... 2,302,164 130,277,336 19,774 1916........... 1,975,267 69,462,769 32,613 1 Exclusive of weight of freight cars carried by car ferries. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats varies from about 8 to 17 feet. Financial sumnmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $359.53: New work _.__ $1, 527, 502. 15 Maintenance -_ 223, 271. 72 Net total expended 750, 773. 87 1----------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report 1, 863, 424. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 19151 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.......$........... $41,433.60.. .. 28,012.49$56,954.44$26, 796.22 Expended for maintenance l............... 8,181.91 $10, 716.47 1, 479.69 28, 504.59 5,183.73 Total expended .................... 49,615.51 10, 716.47 29,492.18 85, 459.03 3197995 Appropriated or allotted................... 9,300.00 ............. 7, 250,000.00 000.00 1,523.71 1Not deducting receipts frcm sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------ $143, 106. 28 Amount allotted Feb. 28, 1919, for readjustment of contract under section 8, river and harbor act of July 18, 1918------------------ 1, 523. 71 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_-------- .90 144, 630. 89 1554 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work______ ___- - ______________-$26, -- 796. 22 For maintenance ___________---_______ ____ 5, 183.73 $31,979. 95 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --- ________-___--112, 650. 94 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ____- __ _______-_ 25.38 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $22,779.20 available only for maintenance ------------------------------------- 112, 625. 56 28. MANISTEE HARBOR, MICH. (B11). Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 180 miles from Chicago and 24 miles north of Ludington Harbor and 8 miles south of Portage Lake Harbor. It consists of Manistee Lake, about 4 miles by one-fourth to one-half mile, and 35 feet deep, and Manistee River, between Manistee Lake and Lake Michigan, about 9,300 feet long. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-The entrance from Lake Michigan had been improved by local interests by slab piers from 100 to 150 feet apart. The depth at low water was from 7 to 8 feet in a channel of uncer- tain width obstructed by sand bars. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 10, 1872, March 3, 1873, March 3, 1875, August 14, 1876, September 19, 1890, July 13, 1892, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The amount expended prior to the com- mencement of the existing project in 1913 was $505,908.67, of which $354,998.68 was for new work and $150,909.99 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1952 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an enlarged harbor entrance with a south breakwater 1,300 feet long and shore connection about 1,200 feet long; the removal of 450 feet of the lakeward end of south pier; the dredging of an entrance basin 570 feet wide and channel between the piers 120 to 220 feet wide, 20 feet deep; dredging the river with a minimum width of 90 feet from the inner end of the north pier to Manistee Lake 18 feet deep; the extension of the north pier 200 feet (if required); and the maintenance of the project, in- cluding the piers and revetments built under previous projects. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme.fluc- tuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pres- sure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, is $456,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for the entrance 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1555 piers (Annual Report for 1867, p. 115); the act of September 19, 1890, provided for extending the channel a distance of 8,000 feet to connect with Manistee Lake and for further pier extension (Annual Report, 1891, p. 2678); and the act of July 25, 1912, provided the south breakwater, shore connection, pier removal, and dredging (H. Doc. No. 599, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published complete map is in House Document No. 511, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work under contract dated March 7, 1916, for construction of a breakwater and shore con- nection and removal of portion of south pier was in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, and was continued until November, 1918. The uncompleted contract was terminated by supplemental agreement dated March 20, 1919. The expenditures during the fiscal year under this contract and supplemental agreement are $11,499.64. Work on the uncompleted portion of this contract was continued by hired labor and use of Government plant, at an expenditure of $6,951.66. Work under contract dated May 1, 1916, for dredging to complete project depth in channel was in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year and was completed in September, 1918. The expenditures during the fiscal year were $5,345.18. Dredging with Government plant for restoration of channel was done at an expenditure of $1,840.25. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $24,465.19 for new work, $1,171.54 for maintenance, a total of $25,636.73. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed except for the shore connection to breakwater, riprap at shore end of breakwater, and dredging in entrance basin. The superstructures of the old piers and revetments are in poor condition and will soon require rebuilding. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depths below low water were 20 feet between the piers and 18 feet in the river. The total expenditures under existing project are $343.914.89 for new work, $17,274.27 for maintenance, a total of $361,189.16. Local cooperation.-The project required the donation to the United States, without cost, of a strip of land 200 feet square at the inner end of the shore connection of the breakwater. This provision was complied with April 10, 1913. Terminal facilities.-A portion of the north Government revet- ment is occupied by a railroad and serves as a wharf for general use; it is provided with a railroad track. The two regular package freight boat lines have wharves with warehouses on the south side of the river, but without railroad connections. The sawmill, salt, and other industries on Manistee Lake have wharves for bulk freight ves- sels. The only public wharves are the ends of a few city streets. The terminal facilities are only passable for the existing commerce, and might he improved. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce has been the improved facilities for the shipment from Manistee of forest products and salt, but these shipments are decreasing. 1556 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: New work: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for completion of dredging in basin --- $6, 000. 00 Completion of pile-concrete shore connection to breakwater (1919-20) --- 57, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies--------------_----------- 7, 000. 00 Total --- - -- 70, 000. 00 Maintenance : Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for mainte- nance (1919-1921) --------------------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies__--------------------------850. 76 Total ---------------------------------------- 6, 850. 76 The funds available are sufficient for maintenance of the harbor to June 30, 1921. Additional riprap around the breakwater and stone for pier filling, for which no funds are available, are needed for completion of the existing project. The following estimate is submitted for new work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: 6,500 tons stone for riprap and pier filling (1920-21), at $2.40, com- pleting existing project--- --- -------------------------- _ $15, 600 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------------ 1, 400 Total ___-_ 17, 000 Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 was about 87 per ,cent salt, and 13 per cent merchandise. No logs were received dur- ing 1918, and no lumber was shipped, and there was a large decrease in the shipment of salt. Comparative statement. Calendr year. hort tons. Value. assen- gers. Calendar year. tons. ons. . e gers. 1914............... 196,322 $3,520,595 20,986 1917......... .... 100,906 $1,713,804 11,270 1915 ............. 90,842 1,884,157 19,252 1918.............. 44,223 997,199 6,436 1916... ....... ... 83,091 2,005,849 16,383 The decreased value for the increased tonnage of 1917 was due to decreased tonnage of high unit values and to increased tonnage of low unit values. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats vary from 8 to 16 feet. Financialsummrary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,673.11: New work _ ---- -- ------ --- ------ $698, 913. 57 Maintenance ------------------------------ -- 168, 184. 26 Net total expended_-- 867, 097. 83 Total appropriations to date of this repolrt_ 951, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1557 1 I I Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1 1919 Expended for new work ................ $37,520.81 $13,3, 413.59 $89,768.11 $25,791.25 $24, 465.19 Expended for maintenance 1........... 9,110.04 2,939.70 968.78 702.69 1,171.54 i I I- Total expended 1.................... m 46,630.85 136,353.29 90,736.89 I- 26,493.94 25,636.73 I l i 1 I Appropriated or allotted .............. 34,700.00 1 10, 000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended___________________________ $98, 563. 90 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_ 6, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 4, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_____________ 975. 00 109. 538. 90 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work___ 24, 465. 19 $_____________________________ For maintenance-------------------------------- 1, 171. 54 25, 636. 73 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------------83, 902. 17 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities _____________ 5, 051. 41 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 2, 000. 00 7, 051.41 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $4,125.77 available only for maintenance----- 76, 850. 76 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------------- 2 42, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work___---------------------------------- 2 17, 000. 00 29. PORTAGE LAKE HARBOR OF REFUGE, MANISTEE COUNTY, MICH. (B12.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 185 miles from Chicago. It consists of Portage Lake, about 3.5 miles long and of navigable depth, and a short chan- nel connecting it with Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Man- istee Harbor, 8 miles to the south, and Arcadia Harbor, 9 miles to the north. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-There was an artificial channel about 400 feet long from Lake Michigan to Portage Lake, about a mile south of the original outlet; this channel was less than 4 feet deep and was 130 feet wide between log and slab piers built by local enterprise. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a harbor of refuge, with an entrance channel from Lake Michigan to Portage Lake, 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep, protected by piers and revetments. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctu- ations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $344,300. There is no adopted estimate for annual maintenance. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1558 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879 (Annual Report for 1879, p. 1634). The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 558, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Pier construction under existing project was completed in 1901. The full project depth has never been obtained. The piers and revetments were in fair condition when last examined. Latest soundings, taken June, 1915, showed an avail- able depth of 16 feet below low water. The total expenditures under existing project are $256,129.21 for new work, $139,370.79 for main- tenance, a total of $395,500. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-The main terminal is at the inner end of Portage Lake where the two regular steamboat lines have inexpensive landing places. There are small landing piers at several summer re- sorts around Portage Lake. There is no public wharf and there is no railroad connection with any wharf. The terminal facilities are ample for the existing meager commerce. For a full description of terinal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session. Effect of improvement.--The benefits to commerce are entirely local, affecting a little general merchandise, fruit, and summer-resort business. As far as known, the harbor is not used as a harbor of refuge. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No recom- mendation is made for funds either for completion of project or for maintenance, as the abandonment of the project has been recom- mended. Recommended modifications of project.-L-gislation authorizing the abandonment of the project for this harbor is recommended in House Document No. 588, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commer:e for 1918 was 37 per cent fruit and 63 per cent general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short Short Value. Passen- Passen- Calendar year. Short tons Value. Passen- n- 1914.............. 2,433 $297,534 5,762 1917.............. 819 $111,975 4,625 1915.............. 2,041 265,175 5,356 1918.............. 559 68,475 982 1916.............. 1,779 225,900 7,410 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats varies from about 10 to 15 feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended for all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $20.65: New work---------___ -------------------------------- $256,129. 21 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 139, 370. 79 Net total expended _-_--_------- -------------- 395, 500. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report_------- 395, 500. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1559 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............................................................. Expended for maintenance 1......... ... $21.92 ......................... Appropriated or allotted.............................. ................................ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 30. ARCADIA HARBOR, MICH. (B13). Location and description.-This harbor, located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 193 miles from Chicago, is formed by North Bar Lake, about 4,800 feet long and of navigable depth, and the arti- ficial channel into Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Portage Lake Harbor, 9 miles to the south, and Frankfort Harbor, 10 miles to the north. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-The channel between the lakes, as constructed by local interests between 1892 and 1897, had a length of about 1,200 feet, with slab and pile piers and revetments 1,084 feet long on the north side and 1,339 feet long on the south side, with an entrance width of 200 feet, narrowing to 163 feet at the inner end. In 1905 the available depth between the piers was 9 feet below mean lake level (1860-1875), which was the stage of the lake at that time. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905, and was limited to the five years, 1905 to 1909, inclusive. The amount expended on the original project to June 30, 1910, was $14,959.80 for maintenance dredging. For further details of previous project, see page 1954 of Annual Re- port for 1915. Existing project.-There is at present no approved project for the improvement of this harbor. A project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 194, 58th Cong., 2d sess.), which provided for maintaining the harbor by dredging for a period of five years at an estimated annual cost of $3,000, and was completed in 1909 by expiration of time. This project main- tained the harbor as built by private enterprise and provided a chan- nel between Lake Michigan and Bar Lake about 1,100 feet long, 163 to 200 feet wide between parallel piers and revetments, and 16 feet deep, for the free use of the dredge Meade. The project depth is re- ferred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 668, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Although the time limit of the project expired in 1909, appropriations were made by the river and harbor acts approved February 27, 1911, July 25, 1912, and March 4, 1913, and by allotment from the river and harbor act approved March 4, 1915; these funds have been expended for maintenance of the channed by dredging and for repairs to the existing piers. The 1560 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. outer portions of the piers are in good condition, but the inner por- tions are very poor. The present condition of the channel is not known. The total amount expended since July 1, 1910, is $48,040.20, all of which was for maintenance. Local cooperation.-There were no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. The harbor was constructed by the Henry Starke Land & Lumber Co., at a cost of $25,809 for pier construction and $30,178 for construction and maintenance dredging, a total of $55,- 987, between the years 1892 and 1902. The channel was dredged about 50 feet wide and 14 feet deep below mean lake level in 1911 by local interests at a cost of $1,900. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf with warehouse at the village of Arcadia, with railroad connection, belonging to the regu- lar boat line and open to general use. The township has a public landing place at a street end. The facilities are ample for the ex- isting very meager commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Definite information as to the effect of the improvement on freight rates is not known. The Arcadia & Betsie River Railroad, the only railroad reaching this town, does not do an interstate business. The commerce is entirely local in char- acter. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No recom- mendation is made for funds for maintenance, as the discontinuance of work has been recommended. Recommended modifications of project.-A recommendation is made in House Document No. 668, Sixty-fourth Congress, first ses- sion, for legislation authorizing the discontinuance of the work of maintaining this harbor. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 was miscellaneous merchandise, and was carried by one small gasoline boat operated by the Pere Marquette Line steamers between Manistee, Portage Lake, and Arcadia. Comparative statement. Calendar year. tons. Value. gers.n- Calendar year. tons. alue. P rsn- 1914............... 21,525 $286,126 1,107 1917............... 396 $56,775 147 1915.............. 10,983 163,239 513 1918.............. 161 22,650 11 1916............. 4,422 177,000 743 The decrease from year to year is in all items, but is due mostly to the decrease in shipment of lumber and wood, which has been ex- hausted. The usual limits of draft of loaded boats varies from about 8 to 12 feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work- - Maintenance $63, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report ..... 63, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1561 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................. .... ....... .. ...... .......... Expended for maintenance..---...----..------........ $29, 457.39 $1, 656. 15 Appropriated or allotted ............... 3,000.00 ... 31. FRANKFORT HARBOR, MICH. (B14). Location and description.-Thisharbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 203 miles from Chicago. It is formed by Lake Betsie (Aux Becs Scies), about 1.5 miles long, generally shoal but with navigable depths in the westerly portion, and the artificial channel into Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Arcadia Harbor, 10 miles to the south, and the natural harbor of South Manitou, about 30 miles to.the north. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michi- gan. Original condition.--The outlet was about 750 feet north of the present channel, with a depth of 3 or 4 feet and width of 70 or 80 feet between slab piers built by local enterprise. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel from Lake Aux Becs Scies to Lake Michigan with a depth of 18 feet and width between parallel piers of 200 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure of about 1J feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, re- vised in 1896, is $421,938.35. There is no adopted estimate of cost of maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1866, provided for the new channel; and the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for a depth of 18 feet (Annual Report for 1902, p. 473). The latest published map is in House Document No. 1089, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted in dredging for restoration of project depth. The work was done by use of Government plant at an expenditure of $4,865.78, for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. The dredging of new channel was completed in 1903 and the piers and revetments in 1911. The piers are in fair condition, except for additional stone filling and riprap. The inner portion of north re- vetment has been shoved over and otherwise damaged. The super- structure of the inner portion of the south revetment is very dilapi- dated and in need of immediate repairs. The controlling depth at end of fiscal year was about 20 feet at low-water datum. The ex- penditures have been $351,353.59 for new work, $170,032.21 for main- tenance, a total of $521,385.80. Local cooperation.-There were no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. In 1896 and 1897 the Toledo & Ann Arbor Railway 1562 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Co. (now the Ann Arbor Railroad Co.) extended the south pier 400 feet, at a cost of about $25,000. Terminal facilities.-The railroad terminal, consisting of a car- ferry slip, is on the south side at inner end of the entrance channel. It is badly located, as the larger car ferries,,when in the slip, pro- ject into and partly block the entrance channel and are subjected to undue wave action in time of storm. The two regular steamboat lines carrying package freight each has a wharf, with warehouse and rail- road connection, on the north side of the inside lake. These wharves are open to the use of all boats. The end of a city street is available for public use. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing commerce, .practically all of which is by car ferry. For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty- third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement is of special benefit to interstate commerce, due to the operation between Frankfort and several harbors across the lake of a line of car ferries by the Ann Arbor Railroad Co., which carried 99.95 per cent of the entire com- merce of the harbor. This through-rail and car-ferry service is of benefit to interstate commerce by giving more direct and quicker transportation, although the rates for carload shipments are the same as by the longer routes around Lake Michigan. The commerce was 99.4 per cent through. Propo.ed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for maintenance (1920)--------------------------------- - -- $7, 500.00 2,000 tons stone filling for both harbor piers (1919). at $2.25-------- 4 500. 00 6.000 tons small riprap for both harbor piers (1920), at $3-------- 18, 000. 00 Repairs to 500 linear feet of south pier and revetment (1920), at $25, 12. 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies---------------- -- 3. 944.45 Total-- ------------------- 46, 444. 45 Annual dredging is required for maintenance. The following estimate is submitted for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for maintenance (1920-21) --- ---------------------------------------- $8, 500 Engineering and contingencies --------------------------------- 500 Total ------------------------------------------------ 9, 00 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is $4,159.20. This harbor has an immense car ferry traffic. The project dimen- sions of channel have not been fully maintained during the past two years, on account of war conditions and the prevailing high water. As the water level is now falling, and the probabilities are that much lower water will prevail in the next two years, it is necessary to restore the channel to full project dimensions. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to the foregoing and to the in- creased cost of labor and materials. Recommended modification of project.-A change in the project to provide for two breakwaters with shore connections, the removal of the outer portions of the piers, and additional dredging is recom- mended in House Document No. 1089, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, as follows: The adoption of project B, at a total estimated RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1563 cost of $700,000 for construction and $12,000 annually for mainte- nance, the depths to be 20 feet in the entrance and 18 feet between the piers at low water, provided that local or other interests shall contribute $350,000 of this amount and donate, free of cost to the United States, such lands as may be required. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 consisted largely of miscellaneous freight, coal, pig iron, iron ore, and manufactured iron and steel, lumber, and farm products. The decrease under 1917 is accounted for by the fact that several Ann Arbor car ferries were diverted from their usual run to Frankfort and made 208 trips to Ludington. Practically all commerce is by car ferry. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short Value. Value. C e Calendar year. Short Passen- tons.t gersn-. tons. alue. gers 1914..............737,248$18,818,077 8 555 1917............1, 265,411 8$3,931,998 3,678 1915............ 718,899 21 806,293 4,771 1918. ....... 1,113,028 56, 240, 369 3,971 ..... 951,210 27 741,459 1916. ...... 4,703 1 Exclusive of weight of freight cars carried by car ferries. The increased value for the decreased tonnage of 1918 is due to increased tonnage of high-unit value and decreased tonnage of low- unit value. Financialsummary. Amount expended for all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,763.39: New work----------------------------------------------$351, 353. 59 Maintenance __ ---- -- ___________ _________ _____----- 170, 032. 21 Net total expended _____________----------__ 521, 385. 80 Total appropriations to date of this report _____________________ 567, 838. 35 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work... 1.............. ..................................... 3, 461 32 $5, 361.16 $3, 218. 59 $3, 889 14 $4, 865.78 Expended for maintenance 340000 Appropriated or allotted.................. .......... ....5,000.00 6,00000 44,-000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918. balance unexpended-----_________----__-______ _ $5, 893. 33 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918___ 27, 000.00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 17, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_------------_ __ _ 1,425. 00 51, 318. 33 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 14, 865. 78 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _____________ __ __ _ ___ 46, 452. 55 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_____________---------------- 8. 10 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance-------------- 46, 444. 45 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_ -- --------------------- 29,000.00 rece~~~~~ipsfosaeec Not deducting 2Exlsvofviabeun. ~otdeducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1564 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 32. CHARLEVOIX HARBOR, MICH. (B15). Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan about 275 miles from Chicago and about 45 miles from the Straits of Mackinac. It is at the mouth of Pine River, which connects Lake Michigan through the lower channel with Round Lake and thence Round Lake through the upper channel with Pine Lake. The lower channel has an entrance width of 160 feet narrowing to 100 feet, and the upper channel a least width of 83 feet. Round Lake is about one-half mile in diameter and Pine Lake is about 14 miles long, both being navigable. The distance from Lake Michigan to Pine Lake is about 1 mile. The entrance to Grand Trav- erse Bay is about 18 miles to the southwest, South Manitou Harbor 47 miles to the southwest, and Petoskey Harbor 17 miles a little north of east. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-In 1868 the lower channel was 75 feet wide and 2 to 6 feet deep; prior to beginning work by the United States in 1877 there had been built 468 feet of cribwork in the north pier and 80 feet in the south pier, extending into Lake Michigan. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 15 feet deep from Lake Michigan to Pine Lake, protected where needed by piers and revetments. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and ex- treme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and baro- metric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $186,000. There is no approved estimate of cost for maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, provided for the channel from Lake Michigan to Round Lake; the act of August 2, 1882, pro- vided for the channel from Round Lake to Pine Lake; the act of June 13 1902 increased the project depth from 12 feet to 15 feet. The latest published map is in House Document No. 26, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted in placing riprap around the outer 190 feet of the north pier and in partly dredging both channels for restoration of project depth. The dredging will be completed early in July, 1919. The riprapping was done by contract at a cost of $2,826.74; the dredging was done by use of Government plant, but no expenditure was made up to the close of the fiscal year. Repairs to plant and soundings involved a cost of $251,98. The total expenditures were $3,078.72 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1902, except for an extension of 200 feet to south pier, which is not considered necessary. The piers and revetments of the lower channel are in need of repairs, especially 160 feet of the south revet- ment west of the bridge. At the end of the fiscal year the channels had the full project depth of 15 feet at low water datum. The ex- penditures have been $80,205.04 for new work and $151,548.68 for maintenance, a total of $231,753.72. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1565 Local cooperation.-There were no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. Prior to the beginning of work by the United States some dredging had been done in both .the lower channel and in the upper channel, and a north pier 468 feet long and a south pier 80 feet long had been built at the Lake Michigan entrance. This work was done by citizens, assisted by a grant of land from the State. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf in the city of Charlevoix, at the inner end of the south revetment, which is used by the regular boat lines and is open to general use. The city has a landing at the end of a street on Round Lake which is free to boats which can use it. The bulk freight lumber and iron ore vessels use the wharves of the various mills at Boyne City and East Jordan at the inner end of Pine Lake. These wharves are reached by railroad tracks, but there is no interchange of traffic. The terminal facilities are perhaps adequate for the existing commerce, which is mainly ore and lumber. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The principal value of the improvenient has been to the industries (blast furnaces, sawmills, etc.) at the head of Pine Lake for the traffic in iron ore and forest products, which this year amounted to 97.3 per cent of the total commerce. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for maintenance (1919) ----------------------------------------------- $2, 200. 00 Repairs to 160 linear feet of south revetment (1920), at $35--------5, 600. 00 800 tons stone filling for piers (1920), at $2.50---------------- 2, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------- 1,068. 05 Total --- ----------------- 10, 868. 05 No estimate is submitted for completion of the project, as entrance depths are now maintained by annual dredging. The following esti- mate is submitted for work of maintenance proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1921, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available: Operation of U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Meade, for maintenance (1920-21) ---------- ------------------------------------- $7, 800 Engineering and contingencies ----------------------------------- 700 Total ------------------------------------------------ 8, 500 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is $3,364.29. The project dimensions of channel have not been fully maintained during the past two years, on account of war conditions and the prevailing high water. As the water level is now falling and the probabilities are that much lower water will prevail in the next two years, it is necessary to restore the channel to full proje-t dimen- sions. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to the foregoing and to the increased cost of labor and materials. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 was about 71 per cent iron ore and 24 per cent forest products; the decrease under 1917 was due to decrease in the receipts of iron ore. 1566 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Comparative statement. Pasen- It rt Passen- tons. gers. tons. gers. 1914............ 155,902$1,606,400 9,691 1917............ 110,099 $783,736 6,281 1915....------....---.... 172,052 1,499,433 4,175 1918............. 107,216 913,047 1,861 1916 ............ 159,649 1,427,542 7,150 The increase in value for the decreased tonnage for 1918 was due to decreased tonnage of low unit value and increased tonnage of high unit value. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats varies from about 8 to 16 feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $347.05: New work ------------------------------------------ $80, 205. 04 Maintenance ----------- 548. 68 1---------------------------151, Net total expended ---------------------------------- 231, 753. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 243, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........................ ....--- Expended for maintenance ............ $4,728.87 $3,277.34 $2,565.43 $3,171.11 $3,078.72 Appropriated or allotted.................. 2,700.00 ............ 3,500.00 5,000.00 10,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 - 5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919___ 5, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ---------------- 25. 00 15, 025. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for maintenance_ 3, 078. 72 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_______________________ _ 11, 946. 28 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------$578. 23 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts___ 500. 00 1, 078. 23 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance___-- _____ 10, 868. 05 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 23, 750. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_- --- - ---------- --------- 28, 500. 00 33. PETOSKEY HARBOR, MICH. (B16). Location and description. -This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 292 miles from Chicago and about 62 miles from the Straits of Mackinac. It is formed by a breakwater on the south shore of Little Traverse Bay, near its inner end, which shelters an SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1567 area of about 25 acres. The nearest harbors are Charlevoix Har- bor, 17 miles a little south of west, and the fine natural harbor of refuge of Harbor Springs, 4 miles to the north. See U. S. Lake Sur- vey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-There was a landing pier, about 670 feet long, projecting into the open bay, with a depth of about 14 feet below low water (1860-1875), at its outer end. There was no protection from winds coming from between west and northwest. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890, and modified by the river and harbor act approved July 13, 1892. There was expended on the original project prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project in 1895 the sum of $223.22 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1954 of Annual Re- port for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a west stone and timber crib breakwater, which as completed has a total length of 1,345 feet. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctu- ations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 12 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, is $170,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. There is no adopted estimate of cost of maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 18, 1894, provided for a breakwater to shelter the landing pier according to the larger of the two projects (Annual Report for 1890, pp. 2673-2675); and the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, authorized a change of plan if the cost did not exceed the amount estimated to complete under the existing project. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1896, page 2722. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted in placing riprap for protection of outer 500 feet of the breakwater. The work was done by contract at a cost of $3,888.88 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in May, 1908. The breakwater ends in a depth of about 29 feet. Near the outer end of the breakwater the timber superstruc- ture has been badly damaged by the sea; other portions of the super- structure are in poor condition. At the end of the fiscal year the available depth below low water to the end of the commercial landing pier was about 15 feet. The expenditures have been $118,- 016.18 for new work, and $17,491.32 for maintenance; a total of $135,507.50. Local cooperation.-There were no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. Between the years 1874 and 1885 four different piers extending into the bay were built by village authorities and private citizens, at a total cost of $23,000. Only one of these piers is now in existence, the others having been destroyed by storms. Terminal facilities.-The only terminal is at the outer end of a pier extending some 700 feet from the shore and sheltered by the breakwater. It is used by all vessels. There is a warehouse con- nected with the shore by a roadway on the pier. This pier is ade- quate for the existing small commerce. For a full description of 125851--NG 1919---99 1568 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement does not have any ef- fect on freight rates. The benefits are entirely local, affecting only a very sriall amount of general merchandise. Little Traverse Bay is an important summer resort region, but such of this business as goes by water is carried on mainly through the near-by harbor of Harbor Springs. Proposed operations.-Thefunds available will be used for repairs and for engineering and contingencies. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1918 was miscellaneous merchandise. Comparative statement. I Passen- Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passen- Psen- Calendar year. Short Value. Passen- tons. gers. tons. gers. 1'14. .. . .... .2,851 364,918 951 1917............. 1, 052 $158,155 240 115....... ....... 1,291 192,921 700 1918... ........ 1,934 134,156 117 1916 .............. 1,056 158,527 561 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats varies from about 8 to 15 feet. No reasons are known for the, decrease in the past few years, except that the locality does not seem to need water trans- portation. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15.67: New work ----------------------------------------- $118, 239. 40 Maintenance-------------------------------. ..-- 17,491. 32 Net total expended--_____- ________________________ 135, 730. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report _____ ____________ 136, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............ .......... .. .............. ............ Expended for maintenance I............... 31, 560.57 $347.00 $191.66 $894. 11 83, 888.88 Appropriated or allotted................... .... ............ .. 5,000.00 ..........5... .. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-- __ _ ____________ $4, 656. 96 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-------------------- 1. 20 4, 658. 16 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance _- 3, 888. 88 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_____-----_----- ----------- 769. 28 I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND .HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WTS., DISTRICT. 1569 34. PENTWATER HARBOR, MICH. (B17). Location and description.-Thisharbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 145 miles from Chicago, at the outlet of Pentwater River, which, before entering Lake Michigan, expands into Pentwater Lake, a body of water about 2.5 miles long, with navigable depths. The channel has a length of 2,200 feet and a width of 153 feet at the outer end, narrowing to 140 feet. The nearest harbors are White Lake Harbor, 32 miles to the south, and Ludington Harbor, 11.5 miles to the north. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-The channel between the Lakes had a length of about 1,440 feet and was protected by slab piers on very irregular alignment, with an average width of channel of about 75 feet and an available depth of about 4 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for widening the old entrance channel to 150 feet between parallel piers and revetments, the chan- nel to extend from Lake Michigan to Pentwater Lake, with a depth of 16 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pres- sure, of about 12-feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1892, is $327,713.40, excluding the amendment of 1907. There is no adopted estimate of cost for the last amendment nor for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The acts of March 2, 1867, March 3, 1873, July 5, 1884, and July 13, 1892, provided for the piers and revetments; and the act of March 2, 1907, provides for the present depth of dredging. The latest published map is in House Document No. 429, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations were con- fined to inspection and soundings of harbor. The expenditures were $198.73 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-A channel about 2,200 feet long had been constructed from Lake Michigan to Pentwater Lake, with a north pier and revetment 2,226 feet long, and a south pier and revet- ment 1,847 feet long, and with a width between piers of 153 feet at the entrance, narrowing to 140 feet, at the inner end. The pro- portion of the project completed was about 85 per cent, there being still required 200 feet extension to the south pier. The project depth was produced in the fiscal year 1907, but annual dredging has been required to maintain this depth, the effect of dredging being only temporary. The depths below low water at the end of the fiscal year were about 8 feet on the entrance bar in Lake Michigan, and 10 feet in the channel between the piers. The piers and revetments are in need of repairs, and the outer 130 feet of the north pier is badly wrecked. The total amount expended under existing project to June 30, 1919, was $346,670.04, of which $179,899.10 was for new work and $166,770.94 for maintenance. 1570 REPORT OF 'CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Local cooperation.-Therewere no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. Terminal facilities.-There is a landing place on the south side of Pentwater Lake, at the railway depot, where traffic can be inter- changed, and on the opposite side of the lake there are several wharves, with warehouses, available for general use. There is no public wharf. The terminal facilities are ample for the existing commerce, which has decreased to almost nothing. For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty- third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The benefits to commerce are entirely local for the shipment of farm products and general merchandise. Proposed operations.-No estimate is submitted for continuing work under existing project or for maintenance, as the abandonment of the project has been recommended. Recommended modifications of project.-The improvement of the harbor is reported as unworthy of further continuance or mainte- nance, and the abandonment of the project and the discontinuance of appropriations is recommended in House Document No. 429, Sixty- fourth Congress, first session. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-There was no vessel traffic in 1918. Comparative statement. Short Passen Short Passen Calendar year. tons. Value. gers. Calendar year. tons. Value. gers. 1914 .............. 12,897 $214,248 4,404 1917.............. 534 $58,575 596 1915............. . 6,061 184,294 5,131 1918..............None. None. None. 1916.............. 2,204 220,316 2,656 The usual limit of draft for loaded boats during the past year has been about 8 feet. Financial summmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $716.70: New work--------------------,-------------------- $179, 899. 10 Maintenance----- -------------------------------- 166, 770. 94 Net total expended--------------------------------- 346, 670. 04 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 346, 820. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.... ............ ........ I........ I.......... ............... .... Expended for maintenance 1.............. $4,877.29 $4,293.82 $221.47 $64.45 $198.73 Appropriated orallotted .......... .................. ................... ... . .. ........ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-----------------------------$348. 69 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 198. 73 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--- ------------------- 149. 96 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project____-__--_- _--------------------- 26,400.00 a Exclusive of available funds.q. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1571 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount .expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $38,879.34: New work._ ---------------- $7, 027, 858. 61 _____ Maintenance__----------------- 3, 236, 536. 18 Net total expended ------------------------------- 10, 264,394. 79 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 10, 650, 641. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1 .............. $78,954.41 $133,413.59 $117, 780.60 $82,745.69 $51, 261.41 Expended for maintenance 1.. ... 133, 985..37 97, 453. 84 64, 505.35 121,080.17 157, 931. 25 Total expended 1.................... 212,939.78 230,867.43 182,285.95 203,825.86 209,192.66 Appropriated or allotted............... 150,500 . .......... 399,950. 00 145,750.00 181,298.21 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended____ ___-________________ $405, 387. 59 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 ------------------------------------- 70, 500. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 ------------------------------------------------ 104, 500. 00 Amount allotted for readjustment of contracts under section 8, river and harbor act of July 18, 19186________________________- 6, 298. 21 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919----------------- 8, 753. 20 595, 439. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work---- ---------- -------- $51,261. 41 For maintenance______-- _______ _____--___ 157, 931. 25 209, 192. 66 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-___________-___________ 386, 246. 34 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities- -_____- -- ___-$15, 399. 58 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 25, 045. 57 40, 445. 15 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $166,569.82,, available only for maintenance --------------------------------------- 345, 801. 19 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization, act of Feb. 27, 191 ---------------- 115, 000.00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------- ------- 2 483, 870. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work- __-------------------------------- 2 17. 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------ 2 158, 500. 00 Total------------------------------- --------- 175, 500.00 EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED AUGUST 8, 1917. Report dated April 22, 1919, with map on preliminary examina- tion of Kenosha Harbor, Wis., required by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1572 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. House Document No. 80, Sixty-sixth Congress, first session. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Milwaukee Harbor, Wis. 2. Pentwater Harbor, Mich. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making a re- examination in accordance with law for the original examination of rivers and harbors, as proyided for by section 14 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, with a view to obtaining a report whether the adopted project for Fox River, Wis., shall be modified or the improvement abandoned, and his report thereon will be duly sub- mitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. This district includes the Illinois River in Illinois and its navi- gable tributaries in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, and the harbors on Lake Michigan from Chicago, Ill., to Michigan City, Ind., inclu- sive, together with the navigable waterways entering Lake Michigan at Chicago and Michigan City, or between them, and the navigable tributaries of such waterways. District engineers: Col. C. S. Riche, Corps of Engineers, until August 31, 1918; Wm. T. Blunt, from September 1, 1918, to Decem- ber 19; 1918; Brig. Gen. W. H. Bixby, U. S. Army, retired, Decem- ber 20, 1918, to April 22, 1919; and Col. W. V. Judson, Corps of En- gineers, since that date. Division engineer: Maj. Gen. A. Mackenzie, United States Army, retired, to May 26, 1919; Col. W. V. Judson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropria- tion.] Pa ge. Page. 1. Chicago Harbor, Ill. (Al) ___ 1572 '7. Illinois River, Ill. (A7) ____ 1594 2. Chicago River, Ill. (A2) ___ 1577 8. Operating and care of La 3. Calumet Harbor, Ill. (A3) __ 1580 Grange and Kampsville 4. Calumet River, Ill. and Ind. Locks, Illinois River, and (A4) ____-______-__--- 1584 approaches thereto-------- 1601 5. Indiana Harbor, Ind. (A5)__ 1587 9. Illinois and Michigan Canal, 6. Michigan City Harbor, Ind. war emergency work .... - 1602 (A6) -------------------- 1591 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR SEE PAGES 32.47 TO 3268. CHICAGO AND CALUMET HARBORS, CHICAGO AND ILLINOIS RIVERS, ILL., CALUMET RIVER, ILL. AND IND., INDIANA AND MICHIGAN CITY HARBORS, IND. (GROUP A.) 1. CHICAGO HARBOR, ILL. (Al). Location and description.-Northeastern Illinois, at the southern end of Lake Michigan; 80 miles in a southerly direction from Mil- waukee, Wis. The harbor includes the protected areas in the lake RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1573 and the entrance to Chicago River up to Rush Street Bridge (about one-half mile). Easterly and southerly breakwaters (timber) built in 1871 and 1880, respectively, form an outer basin of about 270 acres and protect the shore southward of the river entrance as far as Twelfth Street-about 7,000 feet. An exterior breakwater (timber) 5,413 feet long, a southerly extension (rubble mound) 2,270 feet long, and a shore arm (timber) 2,250 feet long provide an exterior harbor of refuge of about 452 acres and protect the river entrance from seas north of east. A southerly arm of this breakwater (rubble mound) 9,730 feet long is under contract. When this arm is completed the protected area from seas north of east will be about 491 acres. The protected areas extend from a point opposite Oak Street on the north to a point opposite Twelfth Street on the south. Entrance to the river is between piers on a general westerly course. The territory back of the piers is mostly occupied. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 753. Original condition.-This harbor could be used by none but the smallest craft, and then only when temporarily deepened by scour due to freshets. The Chicago River entered Lake Michigan about one- half mile south of its present mouth across a shifting bar. Its width averaged about 200 feet. The harbor was limited to the portion of the river east of the site of the present Rush Street Bridge, a dis- tance of about one-half mile. The depth over the bar was 3 to 4 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of March 2, 1833, modified by river and harbor act of June >3, 1866, acts of March 2, 1867, and July 1, 1868, and river and harbor act of April 10, 1869. Work was continued under these projects until 1870, the total expenditures being $446,005, the division between new work and maintenance not being available. For further details of previous projects see page 1941 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the following work: (a) An easterly breakwater (4,036 feet and 300 feet shore return timber crib) and a southerly breakwater (2,550 feet timber crib) to form an outer basin about 270 acres in extent, and dredging that part of said basin which lies north of . line drawn eastwardly perpendicular to the eastern boundary of Grant Park from the northern end of said boundary, to a navigable depth of 20 feet (21 feet actual depthS) ; (H. Doc. No. 114, 41st Cong., 2d sess.; H. Doc. No. 38, 44th Cong., 1st sess.; Annual Reports, 1879 and 1880; and acts of Mar. 3, 1899, and Mar. 2, 1919). (b) Exterior breakwater (5,413 feet timber crib), with harbor of refuge behind the same. (Annual Reports, 1879 and 1880.) (c) Dredging entrance to Chicago River from lake to Rush Street Bridge to 21 feet depth' and varying from 470 feet to 190 feet in width (Annual Report 1897). (d) A shore arm (2,250 feet built with timber cribs) and a. southerly exten- sion (5,000 feet, exclusive of an entrance gap of 500 feet) of the exterior break- water (portion under construction as rubble mound) so as to form an outer harbor (including area of harbor of refuge), adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 710, 62d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report, 1914) ; original estimate $1.211,195, increased in 1914 to $1,490,300. The mean surface of Lake Michigan has varied 5.71 feet between the high water of 1838 and the lowest recorded monthly mean (1895). Local and temporary fluctuations of stage due to wind and differ- 1 The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 19.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality, which are referred to standard low water (578.5). 1574 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. ences in barometric pressures occur frequently and are sometimes as great as 5 feet, but average considerably less than 1 foot per day. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1914 is $3,686,502.17, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the easterly and southerly breakwaters and outer basin (H. Doc. No. 114, 41st Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1879, pp. 1562-1567) ; the act of June 14, 1880, provided for the exterior breakwater (Annual Report for 1879, pp. 1562-1567); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present depth in the basin and entrance to Chicago River (Annual Report for 1897, pp. 2790-2791) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the shore arm and southerly extension of the exterior breakwater (H. Doc. No. 710, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, modified the area to be dredged in the outer basin (H. Doc. No. 1303, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of this harbor is in the Annual Report for 1914, opposite page 2924. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract dated November 6, 1916, for constructing about 2,730 feet of rubble-mound breakwater (south arm of southerly extension of exterior break- water-new work), operations which had been suspended since June 25, 1918, on account of exhaustion of all available " D " stone, were resumed on November 18 and continued until December 26, 9,407.6 tons of stone being placed, making a total of 124,298.3 tons of all classes of stone placed in the breakwater to date. ' he contract was then about 33.6 per cent completed. No further work was done dur- ing the fiscal year, as under the provisions of section 8 of the river and harbor act of July 18, 1918, the contractor made application for additional compensation or for cancellation of contract on account of increased cost due to the war. It was considered equitable that the contract be terminated and this was done by a supplemental agree- ment dated June 6, 1919, and approved by the Chief of Engineers on June 26, 1919: The trial trips for acceptance of the newly installed 160 horse- power six-cylinder "Wolverine" motor in cruiser Chicago were successfully made in August; arrangements were made for install- ing a smaller size " Wolverine " motor in the launch Sea Gull, all chargeable to this and five other appropriations. Local surveys were made, property and plant cared for, and general supervision exercised. The total expenditures were $28,744.58, of which $19,- 908.90 was for new work and $8,835.68 for maintenance. Condition at. end of fiscal year.-The general character of the work at this harbor has been dredging, construction of piers and breakwaters. The project of 1870, with all its modifications, has been completed, except that portion of (d) relating to south arm of exterior breakwater, upon which work is now in progress, and maintenance. The entire project is about 77.6 per cent completed. The easterly and southerly breakwaters (completed in 1874 and 1880, respectively) are in fair condition; the exterior breakwater (completed in 1889) is in fair condition; the north pier (concrete superstructure completed in 1907) is in good condition, except that pile protection along face is in need of repairs, walings are torn off, and some piles rotted away; the south pier (concrete super- RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1575 structure completed in 1917) is in good condition; the new timber crib shore arm extension of exterior breakwater is in good condi- tion; the new southerly extension (2,270 feet of rubble-mound) of exterior breakwater, completed in 1917, is in good condition: and 11 per cent of the south arm of southerly extension (rubble mound) of the exterior breakwater is finished and in good con- dition. The actual controlling depths are more than 21 feet (low- water datum for Lake Michigan) in the entrance channel through- out, based on soundings taken in July, 1918. The expenditures under the existing project have been $2,849,- 604.66, for new work, and $453,867.10 for maintenance, a total of $3,303,471.76. Local cooperation.-In 1864 the city of Chicago furnished the sum of $75,000, which was expended in dredging and in extending the north pier 450 feet, but no further details of this work are available. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, which adopted the part of the project providinig for the construction of a breakwater to form an outer harbor (d), contained a requirement that the work should " not be commenced until assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War shall have been received that the work contemplated by the city of Chicago as part of said improvement will be actually undertaken and completed by said city." The work referred to in this act which is to be undertaken by the city is the construction of municipal freight and passenger piers just north of the mouth of the river, to be known as city harbor district No. 1. The conditions thus imposed were met to the satisfaction of the Secretary. of War June 5, 1914, and cofistruction of Pier No. 2 (292 by 3,000 feet) was begun on March 13, 1914, and completed in May, 1916, at a cost of $3,508,517. The funds were derived from a bond issue by the city of Chicago. Terminal facilities.-The outer harbor terminals consist of six slips, four opening off from the main river and two opening off from the outer basin; wharves fronting on the river itself, and a municipal pier extending into the harbor of refuge from the lake front at the outer end of Grand Avenue. The slips together with the river frontage provide about 18.000 linear feet of dockage which is used by various steamboat lines, light- erage companies, warehouses, coal yards, etc., all privately owned and operated, except 170 linear-foot reservation owned by the United States Lighthouse Department. The municipal pier, 3,000 feet long, was built by the city of Chi- cago and leased by them to various transportation companies for local package freight and passenger business. It is not equipped with machinery or freight handling devices. The outer harbor facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-It is believed that the project has a mate- rial effect in controlling freight rates, especially on bulk freight- grain, coal, lumber, etc. It is impracticable, however, to estimate the amount of reduction in the rates on such commodities, excepting anthracite coal on which there is a saving of $1 per ton over all-rail rates. Transportation by water through this harbor has been greatly facilitated. 1576 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds as follows: (a) Completing the construction of 1,240 feet of south arm, southerly exten- sion of exterior breakwater, in rubble mound. (b) Beginning construction of the remaining 1,180 feet of south arm of ex- terior breakwater, with concrete caissons. (c) Dredging to maintain project depth, if required. (d) Necessary repair and maintenance of existing works. (e) Protection of navigable waters, including antecedent consideration of plans, public hearings, issuance.of permits and enforcement of the terms thereof. (f) General supervision. It is impossible to state the rate at which funds will be used, but it is expected that they will be exhausted by December 31, 1920. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The Chicago Harbor improvement, being as yet mainly useful as an entrance to Chicago River and a protec- tion to same, has practically no commerce not identical with that of the river, the basin being used almost exclusively as anchorage ground by yachts and other small craft. The limits of draft for loaded boats for principal classes of commerce range from 14 feet to 19.4 feet. About 30 per cent of the tonnage carried is at the lighter draft mentioned. The lake commerce entering Chicago River through Chicago Har- bor during the calendar year 1918 amounted to 1,925,633 short tons, consisting principally of miscellaneous merchandise, coal, lumber, and grain, with an approximate valuation of $202,214,032. Atten- tion is invited to the fact that Calumet Harbor and Calumet River afford additional harbor facilities within the city of Chicago and are treated of elsewhere in this report. Following is a statement of the commerce through Chicago Harbor for the past five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ................. 3, 780, 509 $242, 620, 046 1917................ . 1,900, 687 $201, 360, 650 1915................. 3,259,170 241,530,509 1918................. 1,925,633 202, 214, 032 1916...................... 2,439,381 231,262, 807 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,854.50: New work --------------------------------------- $3, 295, 609. 66 Maintenance-------- ---------------- 453, 867. 10 Net total expended ------------------------------ 3, 749, 476. 76 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------4, 432, 305. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $89, 873. 74 $201,767. 81 $334, 546.91 $217,591. 26 $19, 908. 90 Expended for maintenance 1............... 116, 308.31 23, 201. 77 26, 221. 81 27,120.28 8, 835. 68 Totalexpended 1 ...... .......... 20618205 224,969.58 360,768.72 244,711.54 28, 744. 58 Appropriated or allotted................... 300, 000.00 ............ 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1577 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__ -------------------------- $711, 571. 24 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-----------------_ 1. 58 711, 572. 82 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work________----------------------------- $19,908.90 For maintenance ___ _- -- _ ____ _____ 8, 835. 68 28, 744. 58 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ _ ------------------------ 682, 828. 24 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ -__- 15, 399. 43 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $42,927.05, available only for maintenance --------------------------------------- 667, 428. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _--------____--- ______ __-___ 2200. 000. 00 2. CHICAGO RIVER, ILL. (A2). Location and description.-Cook and Lake Counties, Ill., the navi- gable portions being wholly in Cook County and the city of Chicago. The main river is formed by the junction of the North and South Branches at a point 0.7 miles west of the Rush Street Bridge, the di- viding line between the harbor and river projects. The river enters Lake Michigan at a point 0.87 mile east of the bridge. The North Branch rises in Lake County and flows southeasterly for about 24 miles; the South Branch rises in the southern part of Cook County and flows northeasterly for about 10 miles. This river drains an area of about 300 square miles. It is a nontidal stream. Geo- graphically speaking, it flows into Lake Michigan, but actually it discharges into the Sanitary Canal (the current having been reversed in 1901) at the rate of about 7,000 cubic feet per second. The cur- rent varies from 0 to 3 miles, according to conditions.of rainfall, amount of diversion, and seiches. The fall per mile is about 0.32 foot and the average width 200 feet. The lengths of the sections in- ,cluded in the project total 3.96 miles. See U. S. Lake Survey chart 753. Original condition.-The river, as a result of municipal and pri- vate improvements, was navigable for boats of about 14-foot draft over widths of about 200 feet throughout the main river, and for boats of 12-foot draft for lesser widths for about 5 miles farther up each of the branches. Belmont Avenue was the head of navigation on the North Branch and Ashland Avenue on the South Branch. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, and modified by river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902 and March 2, 1919. The amount expended prior to adoption of the existing project in 1919 was $955,885.87 for new work and $109,462.55 for maintenance, a total of $1,065,348.42. For further details of previous projects, see page 1942 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 1453 of the Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.--This provides for maintenance dredging to 21 feet below hydraulic grade line, corresponding to low-water datum 3 'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 3 All depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan with due allowance reaching a maximum of 2 feet at Ashland Avenue, for hydraulic grade resulting from the open drainage canal. 1578 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. in Lake Michigan of the Main River from Rush Street Bridge to the junction of the North and South Branches (0.70 mile); the North Branch from the junction to North Avenue (2.22 miles); the North Branch Canal (1.04 miles); and the North Branch Turning Basin,. the channels and turning basin to be maintained to project depth to within 20 feet of existing docks.' The estimate of the cost of this work, made in 1919, is $10,000 annually. The lengths in miles of the navigable portions of the river are as. follows: Miles. Main river from Rush Street Bridge to junction of North and South Branches_-------------------------------------------- 0. 70 South Branch and West Fork to Ashland Avenue -------------------- 4. 08- South Fork of South Branch to Chicago Junction Railway bridges (east and west arms) 59 1----------------------- North Branch to Belmont Avenue ------------------------------- 5. 14 North Branch Canal (Goose Island Cut-off) ------------------------ 1.04 Total ------------------------------------------------ 12.55. Fluctuations in stage are practically those resulting from changes. of water level in Lake Michigan. The mean surface of Lake Michi- gan has varied 5.71 feet between the high water of 1838 and the lowest recorded monthly mean (1895). Local and temporary fluc- tuations of stage due to wind and differences in barometric pressures occur frequently and are sometimes as great as 5 feet, but average considerably less than 1 foot per day. The estimate of cost for new work (made in 1899) is $810,600, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous project. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts:. The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present channel depth; the act of March 2, 1907, was interpreted by the Chief of Engineers on April 11, 1908, as adopting the new work of the then existing project (H. Doc. No. 95, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, eliminated all work except maintenance of those portions described (H. Doc. No. 1294, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, opposite page 2928. Operations and results during fiscal year-.-No dredging or other contract work was done during the year. Plans and specifications for construction of a storehouse on the west bank of the North Branch turning basin were in course of preparation. Work under permits for bridges, dredging, dumping, etc., inspected, and property and plant repaired and cared for. The expenditures amounted to $3,484.03, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project was completed in 1914, leaving only maintenance and supervision. The actual controlling depth in the portions of the river under United States maintenance is 21 feet based on soundings taken in 1917 and recent inspections, except as noted below. The channel is in good condition throughout except that considerable shoaling has taken place in the North Branch Canal, where the controlling depths have been reduced by deposits to about 19 feet. The head of navigation for boat traffic is Belmont I The width of channel in Main River varies from 200 to 300 feet; in North Branch from 50 to 150 feet; and in the North branch Canal from 70 to 110 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1579 Avenue on the North Branch and Ashland Avenue on the South Branch, 5.85 and 6.63 miles, respectively, from Rush Street Bridge. The expenditures under 'the existing project are $543,987.53 for new work and $168,410.78 for maintenance, a total of $712,398.31. Local cooperation.-In adopting the 21-foot project the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, prescribed that all the work of remov- ing and reconstructing bridges and piers and lowering tunnels neces- sary to permit a practicable channel of said depth to be obtained should be done, or caused to be done, by the city of Chicago without expense to the United States. The alteration of the tunnels was made the subject of special legislation in an act approved April 27, 1904. The tunnels have been lowered and the most obstructive bridges have been modified. The funds for lowering the tunnels were supplied by the traction company using them and those for removing or modifying obstructive bridges by the city of Chicago and owners .of the bridges jointly. Cost of this tunnel and bridge work is not available. Terminal facilities.-In the Chicago River and its branches there is a total dockage, including numerous slips, of about 150,000 feet, about one-half of which is used by private interests for shipping purposes. These terminals are owned and operated by steamboat lines, grain, coal and lumber companies, and various other industries. They are considered adequate for existing commerce. There are no public docks, wharves, or other terminal facilities on the main river or its branches. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.--The size and capacity of steamers operat- ing in the river have increased, and all vessels have been enabled to move with greater freedom and safety. On the other hand, due to urban requirements, there has been a continual introduction of new bridges and of more or less obstructive currents for sewage convey- ance. The effect of these obstructions is cumulative, and commerce upon the river is decreasing. There has been no reduction in water or rail rates; the tendency has rather been to increase, but it is believed that the project has material effect in controlling freight rates. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds available for maintenance, dredging, care, and repair of property and plant, and for supervision, the rate at which the funds will be used to be based on amount of dredging to be done-unknown at present-but it is expected that the available funds will be sufficient until June 30, 1921, and no estimate of additional appropriation is submitted at this time. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this river has been re- ported under the head of Chicago Harbor, with the commerce of which it is naturally a part. In addition to the lake commerce, now reported as 1,925,633 short tons, consisting principally of miscellaneous merchandise, coal, lum- ber, and grain, valued approximately at $202,214,032, there is a large local commerce carried in the river by lighters, of which no official record is kept. The prevailing drafts of loaded boats range from 1580 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 14 to 19.4 feet, about 30 per cent of the tonnage being carried on the lighter draft. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales; etc., amounting to $1,730.27: New work -------------------------------------- $1, 499, 873. 40 Maintenance _ _________________---__----- 277, 873. 33 Net total expended__________ -_____---___ 1, 777, 746. 73 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------___ 1, 830, 556. 19 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................................... Expended for maintenance 1............... $16, 996. 72 $63, 150. 63 $6, 852.65 2 $4 432. 16 $3, 484. 0 Appropriated or allotted ................. 20, 000.00 ............ 30,000.00 30,000.00.. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Changed from amount in last report due to erroneous credit of $50 received from rent of Government land. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_----------------------------- '$56, 292. 24 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919---------------- 1. 25 56, 293. 49 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance__- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,484. 0 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------------------ 52, 809.46 3. CALUMET HARBOR, ILL. (A3). Location and description.-Northeastern Illinois (Cook County), near the southern end of Lake Michigan, 121 miles south of Chicago Harbor, and known on the Great Lakes as South Chicago Harbor, it being within the corporate limits of .the city of Chicago. A part of the breakwater and of the anchorage area behind same are in In- diana. The harbor includes the protected area in the lake (about 424 acres, on basis of northeast seas) and the entrance to Calumet River up to the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Co. bridge (about 0.7 mile, 300 feet wide). Entrance to the river is between parallel piers on a southwesterly course. A breakwater (timber) extends due east 4,463 feet from a point on the shore 3,000 feet northerly from river entrance, thence southeastwardly 2,460 feet, protecting the anchorage area and the river entrance. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 754. Original condition.-The lower end of Calumet River paralleled the shore of Lake Michigan and entered the lake about 3,200 feet south of its present mouth; this portion had a narrow and crooked channel averaging about 100 feet in width and from 4 to 7 feet in depth, and was practically useless for lake commerce. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, modified by river and harbor act of 1 Changed from amount in last report due to erroneous credit of $50 received from rent of Government land. 'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1581 August 11, 1888. Work was continued under these projects until 1896, the total expenditures, being $454,484.53, the division between new work and maintenance not being available. For further details of previous projects, see page 1943 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the following work: (a) A breakwater (timber crib) 4,400 feet long, running from the shore due east, together with an extension of the same 2,500 feet long in a southeasterly direction. (River and harbor act of June 13, 1902.) (b) Deepening of anchorage area (about 366 acres in extent) sheltered by breakwater to 21 feet depth 1 (H. Doc. No. 277, 54th Cong., 1st sess.). (c) Extension of south pier (timber crib), 800 feet (H. Doc. No. 277, 54th Cong., 1st sess.). (d) Deepening Calumet River entrance to 21 feet depth 1 from the lake to the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Co. bridge near the old shore line, the channel to be 200 feet wide at the surface and 160 wide at the bottom at the inner end, and widened at the outer end (H. Does. Nos. 277, 54th Cong., 1st sess., and 237, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The mean surface of Lake Michigan has varied 5.71 feet between the high water of 1838 and the lowest recorded monthly mean (1895). Local and temporary fluctuations of stage, due to wind and diff- erences in barometric pressures, occur frequently and are sometimes as great as 5 feet, but average considerably less than 1 foot per day. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $1,173,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (Annual Report for 1896, pp. 2584 et seq., and H. Doc. No. 277, 54th Cong., 1st sess.), and amended by the Secretary of War on July 11, 1902, under authority of the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The widening of the outer end of the entrance chan- nel was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 237, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). A later project, that for Calumet River, adopted in the river and harbor act of 1905, included in the same and by inference removed from the Calumet Harbor project the redredging of Calumet River from the old shore line, where stands the bridge of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Co., upward of 2 miles. The latest published map of this harbor appears opposite page 2930, Annual Report for 1914. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of repairing the damage to the breakwater (caused by storms) with Government plant and hired labor, which was 75 per cent completed at the be- ginning of the year, was completed. A contract was entered into on June 24, 1919, for rebuilding in concrete the superstructure over so much of the breakwater as available funds ($90,000) will permit. Local surveys were made; work under existing permits inspected; and property and plant repaired and cared for. The expenditures were $16,554.76, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904, leaving only maintenance and supervision. The actual controlling depth in the entrance channel and anchorage area is 21 feet, for all months of the year, based on examination sound- ings taken in August, 1918, and recent inspections. The breakwater, 1 Low-water datum for Lake Michigan (see report Chicago Harbor), to which all depths at this harbor are referred. 1582 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. completed in 1904, is in good condition under water, but the timber superstructure is in bad condition and subject to damage by every severe storm. The north pier superstructure (completed in 1883) is in a dilapidated condition, but all except 400 feet of it forms a frontage to the Illinois Steel Co.'s plant, although that company has declined the use and maintenance of the pier. The south pier (com- pleted in 1897) is being removed by the Iroquois Iron Co. and the frontage rebuilt in concrete, under permit of the Secretary of War, dated March 11, 1910. About 1,971 feet of the 2,661 feet length authorized has been rebuilt. The entrance channel (completed in 1903) and the anchorage area (completed in 1903) are both in good condition. The total expenditures under the existing project have been: For new work, $976,793.62; for maintenance, $213,199.71; total, $1,189,993.35. Local cooperation.-Reconstructionof south pier by the Iroquois Iron Co., referred to in preceding paragraph (work unfinished); and removal of 103 linear feet of revetment by Illinois Steel Co., between its slip and the United States reservation, with subsequent necessary dredging and dock construction, under authority of Sec- retary of War, dated May 9, 1916. This latter work was practi- cally completed at end of the year. The cost of this work is not available. Terminal facilities.-All terminal facilities on the lake front and in the entrance channel up to the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge are owned and operated by the Illinois Steel Co. and the Iroquois Iron Co., except 100 linear-foot reservation owned by the Engineer Department. The Illinois Steel Co.'s terminals consist of two slips, one 2,900 feet long opening inland from the lake front adjacent to the shore end of the breakwater, and one about 1,300 feet long opening inland from the harbor entrance channel. They also own about 2,500 feet of dockage along the lake front protected by the breakwater. The wharf of the Iroquois Iron Co., about 1,400 feet long, is lo- cated along the inner end of the old south pier. These wharves are fully equipped and are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvemrcnt.-Transportation by water has been greatly facilitated. This harbor affords cheap freight rates to a large num- ber of industrial plants, elevators, and coal docks, many of which would be put out of business if deprived of the facilities the harbor affords. There is a marked differential in favor of this harbor over Chicago Harbor proper in freights on water-borne commerce, mainly due to congestion and obstructions in Chicago River. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds as follows: (a) Reconstructing a portion of the superstructure of breakwater in concrete. (b) Making emergency repairs to other portions of the superstructure. (c) Dredging if and when found necessary. (d) Supervision. It is. expected that the funds will be used at the rate of about $10,000 per month and that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1920, except those available for dredging only. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1583 The work proposed to be carried on with the funds ($400,000) to be furnished under the estimate submitted is in order of relative importance: (a) Completion of reconstruction of superstructure of breakwater in concrete. (b) Supervision. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-This harbor being mainly a protection to Calumet River entrance, its commerce is treated as identical with that of the river, although about half of the Illinois Steel Co.'s com- merce is handled over that company's outer slips and belongs strictly to the harbor. The commerce of the calendar year 1918 amounted to 10,594,123 short tons, consisting principally of coal, grain, and iron ore, valued approximately at $124,518,226. Following is a statement of the commerce through Calumet Harbor for the past five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914................ . 10,269,304 $225,122, 6,549,576 $162,000,344 1917.................... 383 1915.................... 6,968,660 135,960,965 1918................ 10,594,123 124,518,226 1916 .................... 10,308,735 214,818,929 The marked reduction in 1918 in value is due to the fact that the records of the customhouse (upon which the statistics are based) placed sand and crushed stone which has a value of $0.65 and $1.32 per ton, respectively, under the head of " Unclassified freight." This unclassified freight in previous years (prior to passage of the Pana- ma Canal act) was nearly all miscellaneous package freight having a valuation of from $150 to $175 per ton. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5.80: New work --------------------------------------- $1,431, 278. 15 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 213, 199. 71 Net total expended- 644, 477. 86 1-------------------1, Total appropriations to date of this report-------------- 1, 793, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work..................... Expended for maintenance 1.............. $50, 041.80 $3, 676.63 $9, 749.36 $19, 358. 34 $16, 554.76 Appropriated or allotted................... 18,000.00 ....... 25,000.00 15, 000.00 138,170.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended___---------------------- $27, 303. 85 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 _____ 138, 170. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919--- --- 3. 05 165, 476. 90 125851-ENsG 1199--100 1584 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for main- tenance --------------------------------------------- $16, 554. 76 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _------------_ _ 148, 922. 14 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending uu, 30, 1921, for maintenance --------------------------- 2400, 000. 0( 4. CALUMET RIVER, ILL. AND IND. (A4.) Location and description.-Calumet River lies in Cook County, Ill., and flows in a northerly direction into Lake Michigan near the boundary line between Indiana and Illinois. It is formed by the junction of the Little Calumet and Grand Calumet Rivers at a point about 7.12 miles south of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge which is near the old shore line of Lake Michigan, but the section that is under general" improvement extends from the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge (dividing line between harbor and river) to and including Turning Basin No. 5 near " The Forks," where there is an entrance to Lake Calumet, a distance of 5.47 miles. The Little Calumet rises in Laporte County, Ind., and flows in turn westerly, northwesterly, and easterly for about 60 miles, it being a very crooked stream; the Grand Calumet rises in Lake County, Ind., and flows westerly for about 18 miles. This river drains an area of about 800 square miles. It is a nontidal stream. It discharges into Lake Mich- igan at South Chicago (Calumet Harbor) at the rate of about 40,000, cubic feet per minute at ordinary stage, and about 200,000 cubic feet per minute during freshets of such extent as to be unusual and of short duration,. The current in the main river is nominal; the current in the Little Calumet River is moderate except for brief periods during freshets, when it becomes rapid. In the Grand Calu- met River the fluctuations are practically those resulting from changes of water level in Lake Michigan. The fall in the main river is negligible, and in the grand Calumet practically none. In the Little Calumet River the fall is about 0.3 foot per mile between its source and Blue Island (about 6 miles above the junction) and about 0.1 foot per mile from Blue Island to the junction. The average width of the main river and of the Little Calumet River below Blue Island is about 200 feet and of the Grand Calumet River from 60 to 100 feet. See United States Lake Survey chart No. 754. Original condition.-Before improvement of Calumet Harbor by the United States (1870) this river, while having a navigable channel about 100 feet wide and 13 feet deep for a length of about 4 miles, could not be reached from the lake by boats of over 4-foot draft because of the bar across its mouth, and its commerce was practically nothing. When the improvement of the river began, in 1884, the harbor work at its mouth had rendered the river navigable at a 12-foot draft for 4 miles and at a 5-foot draft for 16 miles and 14 miles, respectively, up the Grand Calumet and the Little Calumet from the mouth of the river. The commerce at that time was, how- ever, less than 500,000 tons. Preuious projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, and modified by river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. Under this original and modified project $446,718.98 I Not deducting receipts from sales, a Exclusive of available funds. etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1585 was expended, of which $401,488.50 was for new work and $45,230.48 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1943 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet in width, with 201 feet navigable depth from the mouth of the river at the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Bridge, near the old shore line of Lake Michigan, to the forks (5.47 miles), with five turning basins located at intervals between these points. The turning basins above the one nearest the mouth to be of such shape and dimensions as will enable a vessel 650 feet in length to turn with ease, and the turning basin at the forks to have a water surface diameter of 750 feet. Fluctuations in stage are practically those resulting from changes of water level in Lake Michigan. The mean surface of Lake Michi- gan has varied 5.71 feet between the high water of 1838 and the lowest recorded monthly mean (1895). Local and temporary fluctua- tions of stage due to wind and differences in barometric pressures occur frequently and are sometimes as great as 5 feet, but average considerably less than 1 foot per day. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, is $835,500, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1905) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the present channel dimensions between the mouth of the river and One hundred and twenty-second Street, 4.2 miles, and for the five turning basins (H. Doc.No. 172, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, pro- vided for the present dimensions of the channel between One hun- dred and twenty-second Street and the forks, and of the turning basins (H. Doc. No. 349, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), the latter adjoining the upper limit of the project at the intersection of these streams. The latest published map appears opposite page 2932, Annual Report for 1914. Operations and results during fiscal year.--No dredging or other contract work was done during the year. A special allotment was made for deepening the so-called " Rock Cut" of the main river to a depth of 23 feet below Chicago city datum to provide a safe pas- sage for vessels of 20 foot draft, and at the close of the year specifi- cations were in course of preparation for this work. Local surveys were made; work under permits for bridges, pipe lines, etc., in- spected; and property and plant repaired and cared for. The ex- penditures during the year were $3,681.63, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 91.06 per cent completed, all original work being completed in 1916 except the coistruction of two turning basins (Nos. 2 and 4). The actual controlling depth in the main river up to " The Forks," a distance of 5.47 miles (in which 90 per cent of the river commerce is carried on), is 16 feet, considerable shoaling having occurred at several places, although the greater portion of the channel remains 21 feet deep, based on examination soundings taken in November and December, 1917. The head of navigation for all practical purposes 1 In order to give a navigable depth of 20 feet the estimates provide for dredging to a depth of 21 feet (low-water datum for Lake Michigan) below One hundred and twenty- second Street, and 21.5 above that point. For explanation of datum plane see footnote on p. 1573. 1586 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. is " The Forks" the present limit of governmental improvement, although the river is farther navigable for 4-foot draft boats from " The Forks " to Indiana Harbor Canal, and for 6-foot draft boats to Riverdale on the Little Calumet, 12 miles from the river mouth. It can also be used by light-draft launches, such as can pass under bridges, nearly to Gary on the Grand Calumet about 20 miles from the river mouth, and to Blue Island on the Little Calumet about 14 miles from the river mouth, being stopped at that point by rapids. The work remaining to complete the project awaits ceding to the United States free of cost, the land needed for the two remaining turning basins. The total expenditures under existing project, are as follows: For new work, $743,300.71; for maintenance, $143,788.27; total, $887,098.98. Local cooperation.-The act of July 5, 1884, provided as a condi- tion precedent to expenditure by the United States that a right of way for the channel should be donated. At a result there has been conveyed to the United States about 23 acres of land bordering upon the Calumet River such as was necessary for its straightening and widening incident to the execution of the project. The value of this land at the time of its conveyance was approximately $23,000. The act of March 3, 1905, required as a condition precedent to Federal expenditure upon any one of the five turning basins the donation to the United States of the land necessary for that turning basin. As a result the land needed for turning basins Nos. 1, 3, and 5 has been conveyed to the United IStates. The total area thus conveyed is 17.85 acres, and the value of the land at the time of its conveyance was approximately $35,700. Terminal facilities.-Between the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge and " The Forks " there is about 45,800 feet of dockage, includ- ing 14 slips and dry docks, of which about 31,300 feet are in use. These wharves are owned and operated by various private and in- dustrial concerns handling ore, coal, grain, lumber, etc. About 3,600 feet is in use for shipbuilding purposes. The ore, grain, and coal wharves are fully equipped and are considered adequate for existing commerce. There are no public wharves on the Calumet River. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The work has been beneficial, permitting the use of larger and deeper-draft vessels, carrying larger cargoes. There has been no known reduction in water or rail rates, but the existence of this improved river is considered to be of great use in controlling freight rates and is claimed to save at least 50 cents per ton over Chicago River rates and more over the usual Calumet (South Chicago) railroad rates. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds as follows: (a) Excavating the " rock cut" between One hundred and eleventh and One hundred and fourteenth Streets to a depth of 23 feet, as far as funds will allow. (b) Dredging if and where found necessary. (c) Supervision. It is expected that the funds will be used at the rate of about $10,000 per month and that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1920. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1587 The work proposed to be carried on with the funds ($100,000) to be furnished under the estimate submitted is in order of relative im- portance: (a) Completion of excavation in the "rock cut" to a depth of 23 feet at Chicago city datum. (b) Supervision. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commercial statistics of this river have been reported under the head of Calumet Harbor, with the commerce of which it is naturally a part. Commerce for the calendar year 1918 was 10,594,123 short tons, the principal items being coal, iron ore, and grain, valued approximately at $124,518,226. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $94.24: New work--------------------------------------- $1, 144, 789 .21 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 189, 018. 75 Net total expended -------------------------------1, 333, 807. 96 Total appropriations to date of this report_______________ 1, 464, 218. 98 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 . . . . . . .. . . . . Expended for new work 1 . . . . . . . . .. . . $39,334.70 $17,369.12 .. ............ Expended for maintenance 1 7,068.56 34,202.92 $19, 436.76 $5, 568.49 $3, 681. 63 Totalexpended 1........ 46,403.26 .......... 51,572.04 19,436.76 5,568.49 3,681.63 Appropriated or allotted ..................22,000.00 .. ...... 20,000.00 20,000.00 100,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ___ _________ $34, 091. 60 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1915 _ 100, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------------ 1.05 134, 092. 65 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 3,681. 63 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------------------------- 130, 411. 02 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project"______ __-_____________ 273, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ______________ ____ 2100, 000. 00 5. INDIANA HARBOR, IND. (A5). Location and description. Northwestern Indiana (Lake County), on southwest shore of Lake Michigan, 18 miles southeast of Chicago Harbor. This is an entirely artificial harbor, consisting of an outer harbor and an inner harbor channel, the dividing line being at the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge, the outer of a group of five railroad bridges crossing the channel near the old shore line. The 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. 1588 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. outer harbor is about 3,200 feet long and 300 to 350 feet wide between solid fills owned by private interests, and includes, for purposes of im- provement, the channel connecting it with deep water in the lake. The inner harbor channel, known as the Indiana Harbor Canal, is projected by private interests to be 3.5 miles long from the outer harbor to the Grand Calumet River, with an arm 1.5 miles long to Lake George. This private enterprise is causing to be deeded to the United States easements upon lands required for the projected har- bor. A rubble-mound breakwater is being constructed on an east and west course, beginning about 3,500 feet northwesterly from the harbor entrance. When completed, this breakwater in connection with the projected easterly reinforced concrete caisson breakwater will protect an area of about 262 acres from north and northeast seas. Assurance having been given, in the form of a contract for con- struction, that the lake face of the authorized fill will be completed from the harbor entrance to the inner end of the northerly arm of breakwater, the necessity for a shore arm at that location no longer exists. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 754.) Original condition.-Priorto 1910, when the United States as- sumed charge of the harbor, two piers had beenr constructed 300 feet apart, extending into Lake Michigan from about 500 feet inside the shore line, and the area between them dredged to a depth of 21 feet by private enterprise, which had also done considerable excavation of the inner harbor channel. Previous project.-The original project, included in the present project, was adopted by river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. Ex- penditures: For new work, $60,667.41; for maintenance, $2,509.54; total, $63,176.95. For further details of previous project see page 1943 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for: (1) An outer harbor 300 feet wide and 22 feet deep,' including entrance channel, gradually increasing in width and depth toward lake. (2) Maintenance of inner harbor channel 20 feet deep 1 and 80 feet wide on the bottom, from outer harbor to Lake George and Grand Calumet River, except the removal of sewage and other city refuse, after completion and acceptance from private parties. (3) The construction of a northerly rubble-mound breakwater 3,700 feet long and an easterly reinforced concrete caisson breakwater 3,024 feet long, the con- struction and placing of a lighthouse crib, and dredging the breakwater entrance. The United States has accepted as completed and assumed the maintenance of 7,400 feet of the main inner channel and 900 feet of the extension toward Lake George. The mean surface of Lake Michigan has varied 5.71 feet between the high water of 1838 and the lowest recorded monthly mean (1895). Local and temporary fluctuations of stage due to wind and differ- ences in barometric pressures occur frequently and are sometimes as great as 5 feet, but average considerably less than 1 foot per day. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $1,636,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the outer harbor 1The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 21 and 19 feet, respectively, on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1589 and the maintenance of the inner harbor channel (H. Doc. No. 1113, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, originally provided for the breakwaters (H. Doc. No. 690, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the lighthouse crib, dredging the breakwater entrance, and provided for the present lengths and align- ment and breakwaters (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 6, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map appears opposite page 2936, An- nual Report for 1914. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract dated June 22, 1916, for extension of rubble-mound breakwater (new work) work was continued and 5,319.3 tons of class C stone were placed, mak- ing a total of 61,132.7 tons in place. At the time of termination of contract (June 25) the work was about 76.1 per cent completed. Under contract dated December 28, 1916, for construction of 1,800 feet of rubble-mound breakwater (new work) in continuation of ex- tension under contract dated June 22, 1916, 46,651.9 tons of class A and C stone were placed, making a total of 65,124.4 tons in place. At the time of termination of contract (June 25) the work was about 31.5 per cent completed. An easterly concrete caisson breakwater on a new line about 3,024 feet long, and the construction of a light- house crib (new work) was provided for. Specifications for con- struction of 810 linear feet of this work and the lighthouse crib were prepared and proposals invited to be opened July 29, 1919. Arrange- ments were made with the Milwaukee district for construction and delivery of 15 caissons at cost of labor and material plus overhead and plant charges. At the close of the year one caisson was molded and launched, and forms placed ready for molding the second caisson. Property and plant was repaired and cared for and local surveys were made. The total expenditures were $49,535.41, of which $45,159.51 was for new work and $4,375.90 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 31 per cent completed, there remaining acceptance of further extension of canal toward Lake George (maintenance) and completion of breakwaters (new work). Of the entire estimated quantity of stone required for the north breakwater 43 per cent has been placed. The actual controlling depth in the entrance channel is 21 feet and in the canal 18 feet, based on soundings taken in May, 1919. The total ex- penditures under the existing project are as follows: For new work, $352,092.27; for maintenance, $48,053; total, $400,145.27. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, required that the channelway, owned by private interests, be deeded to and accepted by the United States. This condition was nmet to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War on October 28, 1910. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, contained the proviso " that before construction of breakwater is commenced satisfactory assur- ance will be given to the Secretary of War that the existing piers will be reconstructed and a suitable public dock or wharves provided by local parties without expense to the United States." The satisfaction of the Secretary of War with the fulfillment of these conditions was expressed on May 1, 1914. Subsequently under permits of the Secretary of War the piers previously mentioned were replaced by solid wharves to be later sur- mounted by concrete superstructure. 1590 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Terminal facilities.-There is now in existence or under construc- tion about 28,100 feet of wharfage, including that along those por- tions of the main channel and the extension to Lake George not yet accepted by the United States. Of this amount about 7,000 feet along the outer harbor and the inner harbor channel is being used by steel, oil, and construction companies, which amount will prob- ably be increased in the near future to about 13,800 feet. The wharves now in use are fully equipped and are considered adequate for existing commerce. The City of Indiana Harbor is the owner of two sites for municipal water terminals, 300 feet and 600 feet long, respectively, which have not yet been developed for use. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.The improvement has provided good water transportation for a large industrial territory that was without such facilities, but the extent of its beneficial influence on freight rates can not be exactly stated. Information from industries located on this waterway indicates that a large water tonnage will develop upon completion of the proposed improvement, which will probably decrease freight rates. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds as follows: (a) Completing the construction of the north arm of breakwater in rubble mound. (b) Constructing about 810 linear feet of the east arm of breakwater by use of concrete caissons and superstructure. (c) Dredging in canal channel to restore depth of 20 feet over a bottom width of 80 feet. (d) Supervision. It is impossible to state the rate at which funds will be used, but it is expected that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1921. The work proposed to be carried on with the funds ($394,000) to be furnished under the estimate submitted is in order of relative importance. (a) Completion of east arm of breakwater. (b) Supervision. Recommended modification of project.--None. References to published articlesnot previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.--The lake commerce for calendar year end- ing December 31, 1918, is reported as 3,098,692 short tons, consisting of oil, iron ore, coal, and stone, valued at approximately $29,657,264. The average loaded draft of the principal vessels using the outer harbor is 21.6 feet, with a maximum of 22 feet. The average loaded draft of the principal vessels using the inner harbor channel is 18.8 feet, with a maximum of 19.6 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce for the last five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ........ ,....... .... 1, 669,455 $11,680, 013 1917.................... 2,209,165 $18,197,996 1915..................... 2, 001,374 14, 191,058 1918................... 3, 098, 692 29, 657, 264 1916..................... 2,043,498 14,772,698 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1591 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6.78: New work ----------------------------------------- $412, 759. 68 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 50, 562. 54 Net total expended 463, 322.22 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------1, 277, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1......... .. $..... 18, 788. 76 $104, 368.65 $99,870.57 $83,904.78 $45,159.51 Expended for maintenance .......... 6,790.20 9,478.20 5,697.64 4,400. 82 4,375.90 1 Total expended .................... 25,578.96 113,846.85 105,568.21 88,30560 49, 535.41 Appropriated orallotted............... 150,000.00 ............ 400,000.00 415,200.00 ........... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended___ - ___----- ------- ---- $863, 413. 19 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work- ----- ______---------- $45, 159. 51 For maintenance ------------------ 4, 375. 90 49, 535. 41 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____________________ _____ 813, 877. 78 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts --------- 1111, 391. 97 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $31,947 available only for maintenance ------------------------------------------702, 485. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 2394, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work____--- _____--___-- *394, 000. 00 6. MICHIGAN CITY HARBOR, IND. (A6). Location and description.-Northwestern Indiana (Laporte County), on the southeasterly shore of Lake Michigan, 38 miles in a southeasterly direction from Chicago Harbor. The harbor includes the entrance to Trail Creek on a general southeasterly course between piers 1,470 and 2,300 feet long, respectively, protected by a detached breakwater 1,304 feet long, a channel to the Lake Erie & Western Railroad bridge (about 2 miles above the outer end of west pier), varying from 260 to 100 feet in width; and an outer basin (about 35 acres in extent), formed by an east breakwater 1,411 feet long, and an old east pier 1,225 feet long. The outer basin can only be used by small craft, the only opening being 15 feet wide. The upper portion of the channel has shoaled so as to be without practical value. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 75. Original condition.-The only harbor at this place was within the mouth of Trail Creek; the depth over the bar outside the entrance was about 9 feet and at the entrance to the creek, a shoal and crooked stream, 31 feet or less. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and work was continued under this project 1 Includes $59,984.24, estimated payments to Milwaukee district for construction of 15 caissons. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1592 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. until 1870, total expenditures being $287,388.97, the division between new work and maintenance not being available. For further details of previous project see page 1943 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a detached breakwater, east and west entrance piers, an outer harbor or basin protected by an " east breakwater" and an "old east pier" (all of timber-crib con- struction), and a dredged channel 15 feet deep,' 120 to 150 feet wide, and about 2 miles long, from the Lake Erie & Western Railroad bridge to the outer end of the westerly harbor pier, together with three turning basins, and maintenance. The mean surface of Lake Michigan has varied 5.71 feet between the high water of 1838 and the lowest recorded monthly mean (1895). Local and temporary fluctuations of stage due to wind and differ- ences in barometric pressures occur frequently and are sometimes as great as 5 feet, but average considerably less than 1 foot per day. The estimate of cost of the.project for new work, revised in 1908, is $1,153,154.66 exclusive of amount expended on previous project. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project is based on the following reports and river and harbor acts: The " east breakwater" and " old east pier " inclos- ing the outer basin were based on the recommendations of a board of engineers as published in Annual Report for 1870. The original entrance piers were constructed prior to the project of 1870. The east pier was extended in accordance with reports of boards of engi- neers as published on pages 2187-2189, Annual Report for 1881; pages 2264-2266, Annual Report for 1882, and in accordance with river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. The west pier as at present located and the present entrance channel dimensions were authorized by joint resolution of Congress approved May 13, 1908 (Public No. 23). The upper limit of the inner channel is in accordance with the Annual Report for 1882. The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the detached breakwater in accordance with the report published on pages 2903-2904, Annual Report for 1897; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the lower turning basin. The latest published map ap- pears opposite page 2938, Annual Report for 1914. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging or other contract work was done during the year. About 30 linear feet of cap and wale timber was placed on damaged part of the west pier by hired labor and Government plant. Property and plant was re- paired and cared for and general supervision exercised. The shop and storehouse heretofore maintained became so dilapidated, it was dismantled (except for a small section to be used for storage), and the machinery was transferred to Chicago. The total expenditures were $2,424.62, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 85 per cent completed, all original work of said project being completed in 1909, excepting the upper 1,300 feet of the channel, parts of the turning basins, and 200 linear feet of the detached breakwater, and maintenance. The detached breakwater (built to 1.,304 feet in length in 1903) and the entrance piers (completed in 1902 and 1909, respect- ively) are in good condition. The east breakwater (completed in 1884) and the old east pier (completed in 1874) are in bad condition. 1 Low-water datum for Lake Michigan (see report Chicago Harbor). RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. " 1593 The actual controlling depth in the harbor proper (up to Franklin Street bridge) is about 15 feet, and thence 12 feet to a point 1 mile above the bridge, based on examination soundings taken in April, 1917, and recent inspections. The head of navigation for boat traffic is the Lake Erie & Western Railroad bridge, a short distance beyond the upper turning basin and about 7,500 feet above Franklin Street bridge. The total expenditures under existing project are as follows: For new work $1,113,654.66; for maintenance, $490,821.84; total $1,604,476.50. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1867 contained the following item: - SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That the appropriation of $75,000 for con- structing works and improving the entrance into the harbor of Michigan City, Indiana, made in and by the act approved June twenty-third, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, shall be expended for the purpose aforesaid, upon the terms and in the manner hereinafter provided for other appropriations under this act: Provided, That it shall be first shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War that the sum of $100,000 has been expended by the Michigan City Harbor_ Company in the construction of a safe and convenient harbor at that place. The details of the work done under the provision of the act above cited are not available, but that the conditions imposed were satis- factorily met is evidenced by the following extract from Annual Re- port for 1876 (pp. 26 and 27) : The Michigan City Harbor Co., having made a satisfactory exhibit of their expenditures to the amount of $100,000, Maj. Wheeler, in a letter to the Chief of Engineers, dated June 24, 1867, recommended that the Government appro- priation of $75,000 be made available. This was approved, and arrangements were made for the prosecution of the improvement. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities at this harbor consist of about 15,000 feet of-wharfage, about 2,000 feet of which is owned by the city. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Transportation by water through this harbor has been facilitated. No definite information as to effect of the improvement on freight rates is obtainable, but it is known that in a general way the improvement has a tendency to reduce local rates between.Michigan City and Chicago. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds as follows: (a) Necessary repairs to piers and breakwater. (b) Dredging if and when found necessary. (c) Supervision. It is impossible to state the rate at which funds will be used, but it is expected that they will be sufficient until June 30, 1921, unless the locality is visited by severe storms, and no estimate of additional appropriation is submitted at this time. Recommended modification of project.-A recommendation is now pending before Congress (see H. Doc. No. 659, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) for an entrance channel 18 feet deep below low-water datum for Lake Michigan from the 18-foot contour in the lake to a point about 500 feet above Franklin Street bridge; for the maintenance of the channel, of the east and west piers, and of the detached breakwater; and for the closing of the 15-foot opening in the east pier at such 1594 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. time as the necessity therefor becomes apparent, at a total estimated cost in round numbers of $42,000 for first construction and $6,600 annually for maintenance thereafter, Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this harbor during the calendar year 1918 amounted to 12,177 short tons, consisting prin- cipally of lumber, pulp, and miscellaneous merchandise valued ap- proximately at $1,037,990. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 15 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce for the past five years: Comparative statement. Calendar years. Short tons. Value. Calendar years. Short tons. Value. 1914 .................... 27, 022 $352, 357 1917............. ....... 14, 443 $436, 115 1915 .................... 15,370 223,548 1918.................... 12,177 1,037,990 1916..................... 8,694 191,062 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,821.20: New work--------- ------------------------------ $1, 401, 043. 63 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 490, 821. 84 Net total expended 891, 865. 47 1-------------------------------, Total appropriations to date of this report 924, 333. 77 1-------------------, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .................. .......................... .. Expended for maintenance .............. $21,996.89 $35, 045. 13 $16,341.26 $13,444. 85 $2, 424. 62 Appropriated or allotted.................. ..... ... .. 20,000.00 ...... .. 30,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__ --------------------------- $4, 892. 92 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 30, 000. 00 34, 892. 92 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 2, 424. 62 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--------------------------- 32, 468. 30 Anfount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------------- 139,500.00 7. ILLINOIS RIVER, ILL. (A7). Location and description.-The Illinois River, entirely within the State of Illinois, is formed by the confluence of the Kankakee and the Des Plaines Rivers at a point in Grundy County about 50 miles above La Salle, flows in a southwesterly direction, and empties into the Mississippi at Grafton, Ill., about 36 miles above St. Louis. 2 The 1 Exclusive of available funds. SNo reference can be made to any chart on which this improvement can be found. The map considered the most reliable and best for general use is published with House Docu- ment No. 26.3, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session. (Lakes to Gulf Waterway Report, 1905). En'arged sets of this map in 57 sheets (scale 1 inch=600 feet) are filed for public reference with the county clerks of each of the 20 counties bordering on the Illinois River. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1595 total length of the stream is 273 miles. This river drains an area of about 27,900 square miles. The discharge at low water of 1879 was approximately 1,800 second-feet, but the Sanitary District of Chi- cago, under a permit to withdraw from Lake Michigan 4,167 second- feet, now adds about 8,000 second-feet to this discharge by the in- troduction of Lake Michigan water. At extreme flood stage, usually in the spring, the discharge is about-130,000 second-feet. The low- water stage usually occurs in late summer and early fall and may be expected to last from six weeks to three months. The current is sluggish, the fall at low water averages 0.15 feet per mile, and the width between banks is 600 feet at La Salle, gradually widening to 1,400 feet at the mouth, except for a stretch of 16 miles at Peoria Lake, where the width is about 1 mile. The fluctuation from low water to flood stage is upward of 17 feet. Original condition.-In higher stages, before improvement, the Illinois was navigable by the larger Mississippi River boats as far as Utica, 230 miles, but at low water it was practically unnavigable, except for small flat-bottomed boats drawing less than 20 inches. At low water 1 the fall between La Salle and Grafton, 223 miles, was 29.6 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, modified by river and harbor acts of April 10, 1869 and July 11, 1870. Work was continued below Cop- peras Creek under these projects until 1880, the total expenditures being $550,812.19, the division between new work and maintenance not being available. For further details of previous projects see page 1945 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-That portion of the river now under improve- ment by the United IStates from La Salle, the present head of naviga- tion, to the mouth at Grafton, is divided into two sections, viz, (a) below Copperas Creek (general improvement), 137 miles, and (b) from Copperas to La Salle, 86 miles: (a) Below Copperas Creek (general improvement): The existing project for work below Copperas Creek contemplates improvement to a 7-foot depth at low water of 1879 by dredging and by the construction of one lock each at Kampsville, 31J miles above the mouth of the river, and at La Grange, 774 miles above the mouth. Each lock is 350 feet long between sills and 75 feet wide, with 7 feet on the miter sills at low water of 1879. There has been no modification of this project. (b) Copperas Creek to La Salle: Since 1880 this section had not been a part of the general improvement prosecuted by the United States, but the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, specifically appropriated $50,000 for this section, to be applied to dredging and other improvement. The following data is furnished concerning the locks and dams forming part of the project: Name of lock: La Grange Lock. Location: About 11 miles below Beardstown, Ill., or 77J miles from mouth of Illinois River. Dimensions: 325 feet available length, 73 feet clear width. Greatest length available for full width: 300 feet. Lift: 7 feet 4 inches at low water of 1879. Depth on miter sills: 7 feet. 1 The admission to the Illinois River of Lake Michigan water via the Chicago Drain- age Canal has raised the low-water plane; but inasmuch as the quantity of water that may thus be admitted is a matter of present litigation, it is impracticable as yet to ascertain what the future low-water plane will be. 1596 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Character of foundation: Piles in mud and sand. Date of completion: 1889. Cost : $435,502. Name of dam: La Grange Dam. Location: About 11 miles below Beardstown, Ill., and 77 miles from IllouthB Of Illinois River. Dimensions: 820 feet long. Lift: 7 feet 4 inches at low water of 1879. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Pile. Date of completion: 1889. Cost: $49,532. Name of lock: Kampsville Lock. Location : Near Kampsville, Ill., 31 miles from mouth of Illinois River. Dimensions: 325 feet available length, 73 feet clear width. Greatest length available for full width: 300 feet. Lift: 7 feet 7 inches at low water of 1879. Depth on miter sills: 7 feet. Character of foundation: Piles in soft clay or sand. Date of completion: 1893. Cost: $388,029. Name of dam: Kampsville Dam. Location: Near Kampsville, Ill., 311 miles from mouth of Illinois River. Dimensions: 1,200 feet long. Lift: 7 feet 7 inches at low water of 1879, Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Pile. Date of completion: 1893. Cost: $56,071. Yearly fluctuations in stage vary from about 9 to 20 feet, averag- ing about 14 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1895, is $1,692,837.81, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (H. Doc. No. 87, 46th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of this river appears opposite page 2942, Annual Report for 1914. Operations and results during fiscal year.-(a) Below Copperas Creek: No channel dredging was done owing to all available force and plant being engaged on the war emergency work of restoring the Illinois Michigan Canal to navigation. Eleven snags were re- moved from the channel by the steamer Comanche; the marine ways at Peoria were completed; the entire floating plant was over- hauled and repaired. Nineteen round trips were made by the steamer Comanche for snagging, examinations, inspections, distribu- tion of supplies, care of aids to navigation, etc. (b) Copperas Creek to La Salle: No dredging or other work of improvement was done in this part of the river during the fiscal year by the United States, except necessary inspection and examina- tion trips. The expenditures were as follows: New work. Maintenance. Total. (a) Below Copperas Creek ........................... $3, 104.34 $16, 669. 34 $19, 773. 68 (b) Copperas Creek to La Salle...................... ................. 194. 70 194. 70 Total.................. .......... ......... 3,104.34 16, 864.04 19, 968.38 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1597T Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work done on this river has consisted of lock-and-dam construction, dredging, and snagging. The results accomplished under all projects have been the construc- tion of two locks and dams (completed, respectively, in 1889 and 1893, at a cost of $920,134) and the deepening and maintenance of channel by dredging. The project as to new work is about 91 per cent completed. The increased depth and width benefit navigation and permit boats to operate throughout the year, except when the river is closed by ice. The controlling depth of the entire river from La Salle to the mouth is 6 feet at low water as it prevails with the present unauthorized flow of water through the Chicago Drain- age Canal. Work remaining to complete the project, i. e., to produce a channel 200 feet wide and 7 feet deep from Copperas Creek to the mouth, under the hypothesis that 4,166 second-feet will be introduced from Lake Michigan, is the dredging of about 1,290,000 cubic yards of material, of which about 640,000 cubic yards is original work and about 650,000 cubic yards is accumulated maintenance. The maxi- mum draft that can be brought to the mouth of the river from the ocean is about 7 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project have been as follows: New work. Maintenance. Total. (a) Below Copperas Creek............. ........... $1, 598, 615.47 $225, 885.04 $1, 824, 500. 51 (b) Copperas Creek to La Salle..................... .. 33, 341. 18 14,554.99 47, 896. 17 Total.................................... 1,631,956.65 240,440.03 1, 872, 396. 68 Local cooperation.-Owing to the failure of the General Govern- ment in 1869 to appropriate funds for the construction of a lock and dam on the Illinois River as a commencement of the recommended slack-water system, the General Assembly of the State of Illinois directed the construction of a lock and dam at Henry. Operations on this work were carried on under the direction of the State board of canal commissioners in substantial conformity with the plan of im- provement recommended by the United States Board of Engineers in their report of December 17, 1867, and the work was completed at a cost to the State of approximately $400,000. Likewise, the State expended $347,747 in completing the lock and dam at Copperas Creek in 1874 and 1877 after the United States had expended $62,359 on foundation for the lock. It appears there were no "conditions im- posed by law," as far as the wording of the river and harbor acts were concerned, with reference to the above work. However, the Annual Report for 1873 (p. 437) states that the- Improvement has thus far been carried on conjointly by the General Govern- ment and the State of Illinois, according to a system adopted some four years since-the State of Illinois undertaking the building of locks and dams and the United States preparing the river bed so as to afford, when the dams shall have been built, a navigation for vessels drawing 7 feet of water. Terminal facilities.-Of the 13 principal cities and towns along the Illinois River, about 5 own dock frontage, more or less improved for boat landings; 4 own dock frontage with no improvements, and 4 own no frontage. Of the 8 last mentioned, boat landings are made at street ends. No wharf charge is made at any of the cities. At 1598 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Peoria, the largest city on the river, bonds to the amount of $250,000 were voted in April, 1918, to provide for additional terminal facili- ties. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Docu- ment No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been made easier and a profitable and useful navigation is carried on the entire year except when ice prevents. Up to as late as 1895 steamboats were compelled to suspend operations one or two months in the late summer and early fall nearly every year on account of low water. Since 1895 navigation has never been suspended for that reason. It is impossible to state with accuracy to what extent rates have been affected by river competition, but the existence of the river channel as an avenue of commerce results in lower rates upon a vastly greater tonnage than that actually transported on the river. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds as follows: (a) Dredging to provide and maintain a channel of project dimensions. (b) Care and repair of property and plant. (c) General supervision, surveys, and snagging. It is proposed that in dredging first attention shall be given to bars where navigation is or may become most difficult, and that there- after the work of producing the project channel progressively from the mouth of the river upstream shall be continued in so far as may be permitted by the stage of the river, which near its mouth is some- times held too high for dredging operations by backwater from the Mississippi River. It is impossible to state rate at which funds will be used, but the probability is that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1920, and the work to be carried on with the funds ($50,000) to be furnished under the estimate submitted is, in order of relative importance, as follows: 1. Dredging ------------ _ $20, 000 2. Care and repair of property and plant----------------------------15, 000 3. Surveys, general supervision, contingencies, and snagging--------- 15, 000 Total ------- -------------------------------------- 50, 000 Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce throughout the entire por- tion of the river under improvement, as far as ascertainable, consist- ing chiefly of grain, live stock, coal, logs, apples, and general mer- chandise, amounted during the fiscal year to 165,252 short tons, val- ued at $8,710,917. In addition 110,701 passengers were carried. The usual draft employed for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic ranges from 31 feet to 6 feet. About 75 per cent of the tonnage carried is at 5 feet to 6 feet draft. Following is a statement of the commerce passing over the improved portion of Illinois River for the past five years: Comparative statement. Fiscal year. Short tons. Value. Fiscal year. Short tons. Value. 1915................... 178.199 $3,730,458 1918... ............ 284,970 $7,673,707 1916.................... 239, 677 3, 702,832 1919... 165, 252 8, 710, 917 1917.................... 219,272 5,340,655 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1599 The reduction in tonmage was due to radical decreases in the ship- ment of sand, gravel, and fruit-practically the lowest priced com- modities transported. The increase in value shown was due to a material increase in tonnage of the higher priced commodities-- grain, live stock, and general merchandise. Financialsummary. (A) BELOW COPPERAS CREEK. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing roceipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,770.52: New work-__ $2, 149,427. 66 Maintenance_ _- _-__-- 1225, 885. 04 Net total expended ---... --- ----------- 2, 375, 312. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report ____ _ _ 2, 431, 650. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 .. .. .. . . . . . . Expended for new work 2 . . . .. . . .. . . . $10,266.75 $15, 238.74 $17,927.68 $5, 727.22 $3,104.34 Expended for maintenance 2 .... 50,043.98 26,201.78 32,554.11 ' 22, 227.68 16, 669.34 . . .... . . . . . . .. Total expended 2 ... 60, 310.73 41, 440. 52 50,481.79 127,954.90 19,77368 3 Appropriated or allotted............... 50,000.00 ........... 55,000.00 30,000.00 10,000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended,----------------_------___---- $64, 648. 87 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_. 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-__--------------1, 462. 11 76, 110. 98 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_ -- ----- -------------------- $3, 104. 34 For maintenance - --------------------------- 16, 669. 34 19, 773. 68 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-___- __- - - -_______ 56, 337. 30 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities -------------------------- 1, 200. 00 Jily 1, 1919, balance available, including $24,757.30 available only for maintenace__--------------------------------------- 455, 137.30 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 44, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work_______________________ 25, 000. 00 For maintenance -- ------------ -- 25, 000. 00 Total ---- ----------------------------------- 650, 000. 00 (B) COPPERAS CREEK TO LA SALLE. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ------ ------------------------------------ $33, 341. 18 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 14, 554. 99 Net total expended------------------------------------ 47, 896. 17 Total appropriations to date of this report_____________________ 50, 000. 00 1 Less $63.90 due from thirteenth lighthouse district June 30, 1918, omitted from Annual Report for 1918. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8 Including $63.90 from thirteenth lighthouse district. Z 'Including $1,880.12 due from thirteenth lighthouse district. Exclusive of available funds. 125851-ENG 1919-101 1600 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................. ............... .................. ...... Expended for maintenance................ $1,935. 39 $580.41 $1, 584. 83 $78.38 $194. 70 Appropriated or allotted............... ... .............. ................... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ________-______- _____ _ $2, 298. 53 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 194. 70 Tuly 1, 1919, balance unexpended_____________ ______ ____ 2. 103. 83 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR ILLINOIS RIVER. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,770.52: New work --------------------------------------- $2, 182, 768. 84 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 240, 440. 03 Net total expended __________-_______- 12, 423, 208.87 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------2, 481, 650. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 2.................10,266.75 $15,238.74 $17,927.68 85,727.22 3,104.34 Expended for maintenance 2............... 51,979.37 26, 782.19 34,13894 1 22,306.06 16,864.04 Total expended2: .... 2...46..... 42,24.12 42, 20.93 52,066.62 128,033.28 19,968. 35 Appropriated or allotted .................. 50,000.00 ............ 55,000.00 30, 000.00 10,000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended -------------------------- $66, 947. 40 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 19199__ 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919----------___ 1, 462. 11 78, 409. 51 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work----------------------------- $3, 104. 34 For maintenance 864. 04 1----------------------------6, 19, 968. 38 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------------- 58, 441. 13 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 1, 200. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $26;861.13 available only for maintenance---------- ------------------------- 57, 241. 13 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_____--- -------------------- ___- 14, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal" year ending June 30, 1921: For new work----- ---- -------- ------------ ----- 25, 000. 00 For maintenance ----------------------- 25, 000. 00 Total ---------------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 1 Less $63.90 due from thirteenth lighthouse district, June 30, 1918, omitted from 1918 report. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales etc. 'Including $63.90 from thirteenth lighthouse district. ' Including $1,880.12 due from thirteenth lighthouse district. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1601 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects Ito June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing recepts from sales, etc., amounting to $20,283.31: New work--- ------------------------------------ $11, 368, 122. 57 Maintenance .... 1, 915, 783. 30 Net total expended ------------------------------- 13, 283, 905. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report 5, 203,663. 94 1----------------- Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 . .. . . . . Expended for new work 1 - . $158, 263. 95 338, 744.32 $452, 345.16 $307, 223.26 $68, 172.75 Expended for maintenance 1 ............. 271, 181.85 195, 537.47 118, 438.42 96, 631.00 56, 220.66 Totalexpended 1................ 429,445.80 534,281.79 570,783.58 403,854.26 124,393.41 Appropriated or allotted............... .56.000.00 .......... " 264 00-84 510,200.00 278,170.00 1 Not delucting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------$1, 764,512. 44 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1915 ------------------------------------------------ 100, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 -------------------- 178, 170. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919---------___ 1, 469. 04 2, 044, 151, 48 June 30, 1919, :amount :expended during fiscal year: For new work--------------_----- $68, 172. 75 For maintenance-------------------------- 56, 220. 66 124, 393. 41 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------------------- -- 1,9194758. 07 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------- $1, 200; 00 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts-----------------------------------126,791.40 127, 991. 40 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $423,419.05, available only for maintenance ---------------------------------- 1, 791, 766. 67 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_------------------------------------ 751, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work -------------------------------------- 419, 000. 00 For maintenance---------------------------------- 525, 000. 00 Total ------------------------------------------- 944, 000. 00 8. OPERATING AND CARE OF LA GRANGE AND KAMPSVILLE LOCKS, ILLINOIS RIVER, AND APPROACHES THERETO. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Illinois River, Ill. See pages 1594 to 1600, where general information regarding the im- provement can be found. The locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation, the one ince 1889 and the other since 1893. 1 deucting saes, etc eceiptsfrom Not 'Excluiofvaalefns 2 Exaclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting r~eceipts from sales, etc. 1602 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the present year the following work has been accomplished, all by hire of labor and use of United States plant: (a) La Grange Lock: A well 40 feet deep was driven near the lockmen's houses; the lock gates, office roof, porches, and screens were painted; piling was purchased and sharpened for repairs to revetments; and operated and cared for lock. The lock was closed to navigation on account of ice from January 1 to 17, 1919, inclusive. The expenditures were $5,512.82. (b) Kampsville Lock: Twenty-seven cubic yards of dirt was graded on the grounds; the outbuildings were repaired and painted; downspouts to house No. 5 were renewed; lock gates were painted; and operated and cared for lock. The lock was closed to navigation on account of ice from January 1 to 22, 1919, inclusive. The ex- penditures were $5,719.08. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work has resulted in canaliz- ing nearly 100 miles of river by construction of two locks and dams (completed in 1889 and 1893, at a cost of $920,134). The controlling depth on the miter sills at natural low water was 7 feet, but with the present unauthorized flow of water through the Chicago Drainage Canal depths on the miter sills are much greater. The locks and dams are in good condition. The amount spent on these works from the permanent indefinite appropriation is: La Grange, $231,184.47; Kampsville, $199,777.47; total, $430,961.94. Proposed operations:-The locks and° dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The limit for draft for loaded boats through the locks is 7 feet. Following is a statement of the com- merce passing through the locks for the past five years. About one- third of this commerce passes through both locks. Comparative statement. LA GRANGE LOCK, ILLINOIS RIVER. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ................. 22,296 $587,855.00 1917.................. 16,826 $1,189,922.00 1915 .................. 27, 619 613,106.75 1918................. 25,140 1,973,100.00 1916 .................. 25,882 1,175,387.00 KAMPSVILLE LOCK, ILLINOIS RIVER. 1914.................. 21,014 $1,136,356.70 1917.............. 35, 798 $3, 452, 741.00 1915 .................. 22, 460 1,124,513.10 1918....... ........... 27, 383 4, 009,100.00 1916.................. 24,835 2,532,092.00 9. ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL, WAR EMERGENCY WORK. Location and descriptio.-This canal, completed in 1848, was built and operated by the State of Illinois as a connecting link be- tween Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River, on a right of way granted by the United States in 1822. Aid in financingthe project was also given by the Federal Land Grant act of March 27, 1827. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1603 That portion of the canal now under improvement extends from Joliet. Ill., where it connects with the Chicago Sanitary Canal through the lock of the Sanitary Canal at Lockport, southwesterly through Will, Grundy, and La Salle counties to La Salle, Ill., a distance of 63 miles, where it enters the slack water of the Illinois River. A navigable connection is made with the Mississippi River by way of the improved Illinois River, which discharges into the Mississippi River at Grafton, Ill., about 30 miles above St. Louis, and also by way of the Illinois and Mississippi Canal, which enters the Mississippi River at Rock Island, Ill. The canal is fed by the Des Plaines River near Joliet, the water surface at this point being 36 feet below the level of Lake Michigan. The current through the canal is nominal. Original condition.-The canal as constructed by the State of Illinois had a water surface width of 60 feet, a bottom width of 40 feet, and a depth of 6 feet, and extended from the South Branch of the Chicago River in the city of Chicago to La Salle, a distance of 96 miles. For further particulars see pp. 2141-2167 of Annual Re- port for 1887, In recent years the maximum draft which could be carried has been about 3- feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-A subproject for the expenditure of the $150,000 allotted by the President from the deficiency act of April 17, 1917, Public No. 2 (40 Stat., p. 28), as extended by Public No. 92, Decem- ber 15, 1917, for restoring the navigability of this canal between Joliet and La Salle, Ill., was submitted June 26, 1918. This sub- project, approved July 2, 1918, provides for cleaning out the canal and restoring its banks, repairing locks and aqueducts, and giving special treatment to the canal above La Salle; work to be carried on by informal agreements, open-market purchase of material, and by hire of labor, advantage to be taken of any facility the State of Illinois may have to offer for early and economical completion. This portion of the canal is provided with 11 locks, each about 103 feet long, 17 feet wide, with a controlling depth of about 4.7 feet of water over the miter sills, the total descent being about 100 feet. The locks are constructed of cut stone masonry except No. 5, which was rebuilt in concrete by the Sanitary District of Chicago at the opening of the Drainage Canal. The character of the foundations is un- known. Locks and their location. Location I ocation in miles in miles from mouth from mouth Lock. of Chicago Lift. Lock. of Chicago Lift. River River (Lake (Lake Michigan). Michig an). Feet. Feet. No. 1-4 1..... . ......... ..................... No. 10 ................. No.... No. 5................... 36 9 No. 11............. ..... 89 10 No. 6..................... 50.3 12 No. 12................... 90.6 9.8 No. 7.................... 50.5 12 No. 13.................... 98. 8 7 No. 8................... 58.7 6 No.14...................... 101.3 13.6 No. 9 ..................... 79.5 10 No. 15.................... 102.3 .......... I Locks Nos. 1-4 included in that part of canal between Chicago and Joliet. 1604 REPORT OF CHIEF OF E GTNEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The four small survey parties which were organized and commenced work near the close of the past fiscal year completed their work of running levels, cross- sectioning the canal where needed, and computing amount of excava- tion required. One formal contract for dredging material between Ottawa and La Salle was entered into, and dredging under it, with the Government outfit, State, and hired dredges were carried on si- multaneously, a total of about 126,000 cubic yards of material being removed. All dredging operations were suspended between Novem- ber 22 and March 14. The most urgent repairs were made to the locks, to the riprap, and leaks in banks, and to the Fox River, Little Vermillion, and Au Sable Aqueducts. Culverts and lock cham- bers were cleaned out, and the canal cleared of weeds and debris. Water was turned in during the latter part of August and the canal placed in operation on the 31st of that month, two boats drawing 3 feet 9 inches passing through the canal on that date. Three breaks occurred in the canal banks in May and June, which were repaired, as were many small leaks due to roots of large trees which had been allowed to grow on the banks. A careful examination by sounding was commenced the middle of June to cover the entire length of canal. This could not be completed on account of orders to close. work; however, soundings taken over a large part of the canal in- dicate a fill of about 1 foot of soft material over the portion dredged. . All work was suspended on June 30. The expenditures were $121,532.68. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The subproject is about 86.6 per cent completed based on the expenditure of funds, i. e., about $130,000 of the $150,000 allotted June 4, 1918, has been expended. The esti- mates upon which the allotment of $150,000 was made were based upon very inadequate data. For example, the estimate for dredging appears to be based upon an examination made in 1914 which in- volved the taking of a single line of soundings down the middle of the canal, the soundings being about 525 feet apart. The ancient accessory works, long neglected by the State, could only be partl3 repaired from the allotment, and, of course, as with all such old works, new troubles develop as the work of repair goes on. The locks and aqueducts all need more or less repairs, and the canal bed throughout its entire length needs a large amount of dredging to obtain a serviceable channel. Most of the structures needing repairs, however, have been made temporarily usable. The controlling depth over the miter sills is about 4.7 feet, and it is believed that a depth of at least 5 feet exists for varying widths throughout the open channel, when the water levels are at so-called " boating stage." The expenditures have been $121,793.05. Local cooperation.-The work was done in cooperation with the State of Illinois through the department of public works and buildings. Terminal facilities.-Ample terminal facilities exist-see current reports herein for Chicago Harbor and Illinois River improvement. Effect of improvement.--The improvement of this canal is to re- store a navigable connection between Lake Michigan at Chicago and the Mississippi River, and incidentally to help relieve railroad con- gestion. Its commerce of late years has been practically nil, owing RIVERS AND HARBOIS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1605 to State neglect in allowing deterioration, but there appears to be good reason for the expectation that if the work of repairing and deepening is completed, there will be a restoration of its former traffic. It will certainly make the adjoining and connecting Govern- ment-Illinois and Mississippi Canal (Hennepin) more useful, since the commerce over the latter has not been commensurate with its cost and operation, on account of there being no water connection with Chicago and the Lakes; and it will probably give some indication of what may be expected in the way of traffic when the adequate waterway now being planned by the State is constructed between Lake Michigan and Illinois River: Proposed operations.-At present there are no available funds for further work. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. Commercial statistics.-So far as can be learned no commodities, except a few hundred tons of coal, were transported over the canal during the calendar year of 1918. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work _----- -_ $121, 793. 05 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 150, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 191& 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work......... ............. . ........ .. .... ... . $260.37 $121,532.68 Expended for maintenance............... ... ........................ Appropriated or allotted. .................. ....... ...................... 1 50,000.00 .. . 6 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended -________ $149, 739. 63 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 121, 532. 68 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ------------------------ 28, 206. 95 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities---------------- $5, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 3, 000. 00 8, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance- available___ __ __ _ _ _____--__ _--- 20, 206. 95 EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND IIARBOR ACT APPROVED AUGUST 8, 1917. Report dated November 27, 1918, on preliminary examination of NeVew Buffalo Harbor, Mich., required by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pur- suant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 1730, Sixty-fifth Congress, third session. The im- provement of this locality by the United States isnot deemed ad- visable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of mahking pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of August 8, 1917, and March 2, 1919, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. 1606 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 1. Bar in Lake Michigan in front of the United States naval train- ing station, Great Lakes, Ill., with a view to dredging said bar so as to permit lake vessels to land at said station. 2. Illinois River, Ill., from Ottawa to Utica. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. This district includes the lakes, rivers, and harbors along the east coast of the State of Michigan from St. Marys River on the north to Monroe Harbor on the south, both inclusive. District engineer: Col. F..W. Altstaetter, Corps of Engineers, to November 4, 1918; Mr. L. C. Sabin, Assistant Engineer in Charge, to March 19, 1919; and Col. E. M. Markham, Engineers, since March 19, 1919. Division engineer: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. St. Marys River, Mich. (Al)_ 1606 8. Rogers City Harbor, Mich. 2. St. Clair'River, Mich. (A2)_ 1613 (B3) ----------------- 1632 3. Channels in Lake St. Clair, 9. Alpena Harbor, Mich. (B4)_ 1634 Mich. (A3) --------------- 1617 10. Saginaw River, Mich. (B5)_ 1637 4. Detroit River, Mich. (A4)___ 1621 11. Harbor of Refuge at Harbor 5. Operating and care of St. Beach, Lake Huron, Mich. Marys Falls Canal, Mich__ 1627 (B6) _------------------- 1639 6. Mackinac Harbor, Mich. 12. Black River, Mich. (B7)____ 1642 (B1)_____________ ___ 1628 13. Clinton River, Mich. (BS)__ 1645 7. Cheboygan Harbor, Mich. (B2) --------------------- 1630 14. Rouge River, Mich. (B9) 15. Monroe Harbor, Mich. --- 1647 (B10)------------------- 1650 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 3269 TO 3322. SHIP CHANNEL CONNECTING WATERS OF THE GREAT LAKES BETWEEN CHICAGO, DULUTH, AND BUFFALO, INCLUDING ST. MARYS RIVER, ST. CLAIR RIVER, CHANNELS IN LAKE ST. CLAIR AND DETROIT RIVER, MICH. (GROUP A). 1. ST. MARYS RIVER, MICH. (Al). Location and description.-St. Marys River flows in a general southeasterly direction from the eastern end of Lake Superior into the northern end of Lake Huron. The river has a length of 63 miles from its head at Point Iroquois to the Detour Passage into Lake Huron, and has a total fall varying from 21 to 23 feet, depending upon the stages of the lakes. The greater part of this fall, i. e., from 18 to 21 feet, occurs in a section about 1 mile long, known as St. Marys Falls or Rapids, situated about 131 miles from Point Iroquois. Above the rapids the fall in the river is from 0.4 to 0.7 of a foot and below the rapids it is from 1 to 2 feet. The width of the river varies considerably, and there are numerous channels, separated by islands, large and small. At the narrowest place, where there is but one chan- nel, the width is about one-half mile, while elsewhere the river widens into a series of small lakes. Except at the falls, the current is slug- gish, and in the wider of the so-called lakes it is imperceptible. Including the surface of Lake Superior, the drainage basin of the river is about 77,000 square miles, and the mean discharge is about RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1607 82,000 second-feet, with a maximum of 130,000 and a minimum of 60,000 second-feet. Improvements have been required at shoals, both above and below the falls, and at that section it has been necessary to surmount the obstruction by the construction of lateral canals with lift locks. Elsewhere the improvement has been by dredging and excavation of channels of suitable depth and width. See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9. Original condition.-St. Marys River was obstructed by the falls and by a number' of shoals, upon which the least depths were from 5 to 17 feet at mean low water. Navigation past the falls was entirely impracticable, except for downbound canoes and log rafts. Previous projects.-These were authorized by the acts of July 8, 1856, August 2, 1882, and August 5, 1886. The total amount expended thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1892 was $2,904,807, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1956, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a depth of 21 feet at low water over a minimum width of 300 feet for one-way traffic and of 600 feet for two-way traffic throughout the river, by dredging through three shoals between Lake Superior and the head of the falls; con- structing four locks, two canals, and an emergency dam for each of the canals at the falls; dredging to widen and deepen the tailrace of the United States power plant; constructing remedial works at the inlet to the power canal of the Michigan Northern Power Co.; con- structing compensating works at the falls; dredging through the shoals between the lower end of the canals and the upper entrance to Hay Lake; dredging to widen and deepen the upper entrance channel into Hay Lake; dredging channels from Hay Lake to Mud Lake on either side of Neebish Island, a distance, via West Neebish, of 14 miles, and, via Middle Neebish, .of 15 miles; and dredging shoals between Mud Lake and the mouth of the river. The follow- ing table shows the principal features of the four locks and emer- gency dam: [All structures are located at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.] eitzel Poe Lock. Third Lock. Fourth Lock. Lock. Miles above mouth.................. ......... 47 47 47 47 Clear width of chamber .................. feet.. {60 at gats. 100 80 80 Length between miter sills.............. do... 515 800 1,350 1,350 Lift .... ............. .......... do.... 20. 5 20. 5 20. 5 20. 5 Depth on upper breast wall 1............do.... 16 22 24.5 24.5 Depth on lower breast wall 1. .......... do.... 12. 6 18 24. 5 24.5 Foundation .................................. Rock. Rock. Rock. Rock. Type of construction ...................... ..... asonry. Masonry. Concrete. Concrete. Estimated cost .... ....................... $1, 160, 000 2 $4, 738, 865 8 $6, 200,000 $3, 275, 000 Completed. ............................... 881 1896 1914 About 83% Emergency dams: South Canal- Miles above mouth, 47. Estimated cost, $240,000. Type, swing bridge, sliding wicket. Cost of superstructure, $231,023.15. Cost of completed structure, $294,608.16.4 North Canal- Estimated cost, $300,000. Not yet built. The limiting draft through the locks is determined by the depth over the breast walls. 1At low water, 601.1 above and 580.6 below. 2Includes cost of deepening and enlarging South Canal. * Includes cost of North Canal. * Including engineering, office and inspection. Built, 1907-1911. 1608 REPORT. OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. In the following table there are stated other characteristic features of the improvements belonging to the existing project: Dis- Used by Proj- Project Length tance up or ect Proj- datum planes Project Name of improved channel. of from down width ect above sea estimate chan- mouth bound (mini- depth. levels of cost. nel. of river. vessels, mum). (New York). Feet. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Round Island Shoal No. 1 .... 2, 300 59 Both. 1, 000 21 601. 5 Round Island Shoal No.2_....... 2, 200 57 ... do...-. 1,000 21 601.5 $85,487 Vidal Shoal................... 2,500 52 ...do..... 1, 000 21 601. 2 South Canal.................... 7,400 47 ...do..... 100 24J 601. 1-580. 6 2 8, 218, 865 North Canal .................. 7,515 47 ... do.... 80 25 601.1-589. 6 8 9, 475, 000 Bavield Shoal... ............. 4, 950 45 ... do..... 1,000 21 580.3 Little Rapid Shoal ............ 31,400 44 ...do..... 600 21 580.3-579. 9 Nine-Mile Point Shoal 5. ...... 2,100 38 .. do............. 21 579. 9 Lower end Hav Lake Channel.... 17, 700 33 Up...... 300 21 579. 9 Middle Neebish Channel.......... 10,000 32 ...do..... 300 21 579. 9-579. 7 Little Mud Lake Channel......... 24,100 30 ...do..... 300 21 579. 7 Sailors Encampment Shoal_.. 5,300 26 ...do..... 300 21 579. 6 333 6,306, Shoal No. 28, Mud Lake......... 7, 590 22 ...do..... 1,000 21 579. 6 West Neebish Channel.......... 64, 800 31 Down... 300 21 579. 9-579. 6 Twin Island Shoal 5............ ..... 17 Both........... 21 579.6 Point Au's Frenes Shoal 5........ ........ 16 ... do............ 21 579.6 Squaw Island Shoal 5.. .............. 5 .do..... ........ 21 579.6 Crab Island Shoal ............. .. ........... do..... ........ 21 579.6 Total.............................. ...................................... 24,085,685 1 Estimate made in 1891. Weit el lock (estimate made in 1878)........... ................. 2,460, 000 ...................... $. Poe lock (estimate made in 1886) ... ..................... ....... 4,738, 865 Canal widening (estimate made in 1904)......... ........................................... 1,020, 000 8, 218, 865 $ Third lock (estimate made in 1906) ......... ...................................... $6,200,000 Fourth lock (estimate made in 1910).... ...................... ................ .... 3,275, 000 9,475,000 4 Ship channel (estimate made in 1891) ...................................................... .. $556, 333 Hay Lake and Neebish channels (e3timate made in 1900)......... . ......................... 5,750,000 6,306,333 5 The improviements at these localities were by removal of obstructing bowlders and projecting points. Widths and depths were naturally considerably greater than required except for the obstructions men- tioned. The project depths are referred to low-water datums for Lakes Superior and Huron, which are taken at 601.6 and 579.6 feet above mean-tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean level of the Lakes, 1860-1875. Each year the St. Marys River rises and falls about 1 foot as meas- ured by the monthly mean levels. In the past 56 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean levels above the locks has been about 32 feet, and below the locks about 5 feet. From day to day the level fluctuates somewhat, due to wind and barometric pressure, such changes frequently amounting to several inches and sometimes to a foot or more. In addition to these changes in level, occasionally a considerable oscillation takes place within two or three hours, which is somewhat in the nature of a seiche; such changes amounting to over 5 feet have been known to occur within three hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $24,085,685, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. Tailrace deepening: The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, provided for the deepening and enlargement of the tailrace of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1609 United States power plant between the power house and deep water at the foot of the rapids, a distance of about 2,250 feet, estimated cost $150,000, and authorized the diversion for this purpose of so much as might be necessary of the unexpended balance of appropria- tions for the new third lock. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the Weitzel Lock and improving the existing State canal by widening and deepening in accordance with report by Maj. O. M. Poe, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, not published; the act of August 5, 1886, pro- vided for the Poe lock (H. Doc. No. 72, 49th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for dredging through the.shoals above the falls and the shoals below the falls between the lower end of the canal and the upper entrance channel into Hay Lake (H. Ex. Doc. No. 207, 51st Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1891, p. 2810) ; the acts of June 13, 1902, and March 3, 1905, provided for enlarging the old canal (H. Doc. Nos. 128, 56th Cong., 2d sess. and 215, 58th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of March 2, 1907; provided for the third lock and second canal and emergency dam (plan 3, H. Doc. No. 333, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the fourth lock (H. Doc.No. 64, 62d Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 4, 1915, provided for deepening the tailrace of the power plant, the cost thereof to be paid from the unexpended balance of appropria- tions for the third lock; the act of March 3, 1909, provided for the lease of water power at the falls and the lease entered into with the Michigan Northern Power Co. provided for the construction of reme- dial and compensating works; and the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the Hay Lake and Neebish channels work in that section of the river below the locks (H. Doc. No. 128, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the river above the falls will be found at page 2866 of the Annual Report for 1895; of the river at the falls, opposite page 3230 of the Annual Report for 1915; of the river below the falls, opposite page 2649 of the Annual Report for 1912. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Above the falls the deepening of channel through Vidal Shoals to 22 feet below the project plane of 601.1 at head of canal to the full width, 1,000 feet, was completed by Government plant, a width of 800 feet having been accomplished during the previous year. During the winter the whole area was surveyed. Below the falls examinations were made at several localities, and in June, 1919, the work of removing a few obstructions found above the project plane of improvement, in chan- nel near Bayfield dike, 2 miles below the locks, was begun with der- rick boat and diver, employed by the working hour. Only a few days' work in July is necessary to complete the removal. At the falls the only work under the Third Lock and new canal project was a small amount of grading piers, and studies of lake levels in connection with the operation of compensating works. Contracts for construction of Fourth Lock and appurtenances completed dur- ing the year were as follows: Masonry, steel gates, engine shelters, lock approaches, and back-filling lock walls. The only contract not completed was that for the machinery and valves, about 20 per cent remaining to be done at close of year. The timber guard gates under 1610 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. construction by hired labor were completed. The total expended during the fiscal year was $687,741.31, as follows: New work. Maintenance. Above the falls: Channel excavation and surveys .................. .. .... $9, 659.16 At the falls: New lock and canal- Canal piers, filling, grading, etc....................... 119. 79 Lake-le.velregulation ............. .......... ... 2, 563.59. $2,683.38 ............ Fourth lock- Construction, lock and appurtenances. ............ 672,434.05 Upkeep of buildings and plant .................... 735. 60 673,169.65.. ....... Below the falls: Survey of channels. .................... ............... ............ 2, 229.12 Total .................................................. 675, 853.03 11, 888.28 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 93 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done is the comple- tion of the operating machinery of the Fourth Lock, construction of emergency dam, building concrete walks, installing lighting and signal systems, and other minor details of the work.. Above the falls, from Lake Superior to head of canal, there is a channel having a least width of 975 feet and available depth of 21 feet below low-water datum of 601.6 at Lake Superior and 601.1 at head of canal. At the falls three locks are in service and the fourth lock will be com- pleted to the extent necessary for service in September, 1919. (See table in Existing project.) The locks are reached by the north and south canals. The narrowest point in the south canal leading to the Weitzel and Poe Locks is at the International Bridge crossing, where there are two channels each 108 feet wide. The depth in this canal leading to the Poe Lock is 24 feet. The narrowest point in the north canal leading to the Third and Fourth Locks is at the bridge, where it is 280 feet wide. The depth in this canal is 24.5 feet, except near the westerly entrance, where it is 24 feet deep. The channels in the east or lower level approaches have depths as great as the locks to which they lead. A movable dam is in service in the south canal leading to the Poe and Weitzel Locks for closing this canal in an emergency. Below the falls, from the east approaches to Lake Huron, there is a channel with least depth of 21 feet and width of not less than 600 feet, where upbound and downbound traffic uses the same channel, and not less than 300 feet where upbound and down- bound traffic is separated. The following table gives a list of the improvements, with data as to depths and widths: Project Controlling Minimum Name of channel, datum plane. depth, width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Round Island Shoal No. 1......................... .......... 601.6 22. 9 1, 000 Round Island Shoal No. 2............... ..... .......... ... 601. 6 22. 9 975 Vidal Shoal ................................................ 601.2 22. 0 1,000 South Canal: West approach ............................................. 601.1 24.0 304 East approach .................. ........................ ........ 580.6 19.5 340 Weitzel Lock................................................................ 12.9 60 Poe Lock .................................................... ............. 18.5 100 North Canal: West approach ............. .......... .......... 601.1 24.5 280 East approach.................. .................. 580.6 24. 5 312 Third Lock................................................................. 24.0 80 Fourth Lock 1..................................................... ............ 1Not yet completed. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1611 Name of channel. Project Controlling Minimum datum plane. depth. width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Bavfield Shoal ........... ....................... .. 580.3 21.0 1,000 Little Rapid Shoal. ... ................................. 580.3-579.9 20. 9 600 Nine-Mile Point Shoal............................ .............. 579. 9 22.4 (1) Lower end Hay Lake ........... ................ ......... ..... .... 579.9 21.4 300 Middle Neebish ............................................... 579.9-579.7 22.6 300 Little Mud Lake .... ........................... ............. 579. 7 21.6 300 Sailors Encampment Shoal... ................................... 579.6 22.6 300 Shoal rNo.28, Mud Lake ........... ..................... 579. 6 21. 6 1,000 West Neebish.. .. . ................................................ .... 579. 9-579. 6 21.4 300 Twin Island and Pointe Aux Frenes Shoal 1...................... 579. 6 22. 6 .......... Squaw Island Shoal 1....................... .......... ....... 579.6 22. 6.. Crab Island Shoal ..................................... .......... . 579. 6 22. 6.. 1 The improvements at these localities consisted in the removal of bowlders and projecting points. The total expenditures under the existing project are $22,428,315.80 for new work, and $117,020.14 for maintenance, a total of $22,545,- 335.94. Locks. Date of Date of Number or name of lock. comple- Actual cost. Number or name of lock. comple- Actual cost. tion. tion. Weitzel ................. 1881 $983, 335 Third.................. 1914 $2,200,000 Poe ...................... 1896_ 2,837,337 Fourth.................. (1) 1 83 per cent completed. United States power plant: The United States water power plant, acquired in accordance with the provisions of section 2 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909, is leased to the Edison Sault Elec- tric Co. for a period of 30 years from July 1, 1917. The annual rental, at first $24,000, was increased to $30,900 on July 1, 1916, after the installation of a new generator. The head on the plant has been increased by over 3 feet by the deepening of the tailrace, which was completed during the past year. Lease of water to the Michigan Northern Power Co.: In accord- ance with the terms of a lease dated May 28, 1914, entered into by the United States with the Michigan Northern Power Co., the com- pensating works on the American side were completed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, except for the construction of a dike from the south abutment of the gates to the headrace dike of the Government power plant, to close off the water in span 5 of the bridge, as provided in the original plan. The construction of this dike awaits further development of the power canal on the Canadian side of the boundary. Four additional gates were constructed on the Canadian side of the river during the year, being completed in December, 1918, making a total of 16 gates. Under the terms of the lease the power company continued the use of 25,000 cubic feet per second of primary and 5,000 cubic feet per second of secondary water throughout the year; in addition, further water having become avail- able, 3,000 cubic feet per second was used between October 19 and December 4, and 1,500 cubic feet per second December 5 to 31, 1918, under lease dated September 10, 1918. 1612 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The water rentals under the leases:have been retained by the lessee and applied as reimbursement to him for the cost of remedial and compensating works. Local cooperation.-None. The State of Michigan completed at the falls, in 1855, a canal providing a channel for vessels having a draft of 11.5 feet at mean stage of water, the canal being 5,400 feet long and 100 feet wide at the top, and a double-lift lock having tandem chambers 350 feet long and 70 feet wide, and arranged for an average lift of about 9 feet at each lock. The cost of this canal and the locks, about $1,000,000, was defrayed from the pro eeds of 750,000 acres of land granted by Congress. The canal and locks were subsequently turned over to the United States. (See river and harbor act of June 14, 1880.) Under a permit granted to the Lake Carriers' Association by the Secretary of War, dated July 23, 1917, 210 cubic yards of bowlders were removed from the channel through Vidal Shoals during July and August, 1917. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves the through com- merce between Lake Superior and the lower lakes, and it has not materially influenced the terminal facilities at the towns along its route, which consist only of small docks for the accommodation of local traffic. Effect of improvement.-This improvement in conjunction with the work done on the other sections of the Ship Channel affects the entire commerce passing between Lake Superior ports and those upon the lower lakes and rivers. These improvements have per- mitted a great increase in the draft of vessels and this has resulted in the use of .vessels of greater tonnage, the carrying capacity of the largest freight steamers having increased from 4,000 tons in 1893 to 15,399 tons in 1917. The increased width of channels and the addi- tion of double channels at congested points have permitted greater speed without loss of safety. It is believed that the reduction in freight rates from 2.3 mills per ton-mile in 1887 to 1.19 mills in 1918 can be attributed chiefly to these improvements in channels. Proposed operations.-The funds available for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1920, will be expended in completing the fourth lock and appurtenances including the completion of lock operating ma- chinery, electrical installation, canal piers, and the construction of an emergency dam; also the restoration of channels to project di- mensions and in doing necessary work incidental to the third and fourth locks, in maintaining buildings and plant, and expenses of engineering, office and contingencies in connection with all the above work. It is expected the average monthly rate of expenditure will be approximately $20,000 and that the funds will not be exhausted before the close of the season of 1921. No estimate of funds is there- fore submitted. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce passing between Lake Superior and the lower lakes uses the improvements made in this river. Details regarding the commerce of .the canal are given in the report on operating and care of St. Marys Falls Canal,.Mich. The commerce consisted of copper, grain, flour, iron ore, pig iron, RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1613 lumber, wheat, coal, salt, and general merchandise. Vessels usually load to the maximum draft available. The amount of freight passing through all the canals is given in the following table: Comparative statement. 1914.......... 55,369,934 $634,800,268 1915.......... 71,290, 304 882, 263,141 1916........... 91,888,219 974,161,156 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,446.26: New work-------------- ----------------------- 25, 333,122. 80 Maintenance ------------------------------------ 117, ,020. 14 Net total expended ---------------------------- 25, 450, 142. 94 Total appropriations to date of this report .,-- -- -- 26, 020, 369. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1............. $792, 429.22 $213, 388.32 $636, 070.53 $695, 400.57 $675, 853.03 Expended for maintenance 1............. 610.37 199. 40 41. 42 103,499.86 11,888.28 Total expended ................ 793,039.59 213,587. 72 636,111.95 798,900.43 687, 741.31 Appropriated or allotted................. ........... 506,000.00 1,300,000.00 117,000.00 470,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ --- _ $787, 959. 05 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 --------------------- ------ ------- 470, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 9. 00 1, 257, 968. 05 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work--- ------------------------ $675, 853. 03 For maintenance ___------------ ------ 11, 888. 28 687, 741. 31 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------------- 570, 226. 74 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-- ----------- 58, 246. 83 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------- 46, 500. 00 104, 746. 83 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $6,033.78 available only for maintenance----------------- --- ------------------- 465, 479. 91 2. ST. CLAIR RIVER, MICH. (A2). Location and description. The St. Clair River connects Lakes Huron and St. Clair, flows in a southerly direction, and has a total fall of about 5.8 feet in a length of 40 miles. At the south end of Lake Huron there is a shoal upon which the natural depth is less than that required for navigation and the 2-mile dredged channel 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1614 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.*S. ARMY, 1919. through this shoal is considered as belonging to this improvement, giving a total length to the section of 42 miles. Including the area above its outlet the drainage basin of the river is about 213,941 square miles. The discharge of the river at mean stage is about 206,000 cubic foot-seconds, with a minimum of 136,000 and a maximum of 271,000, and the mean velocity varies from about 5 miles per hour at the upper end to about 1 mile per hour near the mouth. With the ex- ception of the delta section, which begins about 33 miles below the head of the river, the width averages about 2,000 feet. The river dis- charges into Lake St. Clair through seven mouths, the one known as the South Channel being used for deep-draft vessels, while several other of the channels are used for small craft. See U. S. Lake Sur- vey chart No. 43. Original condition.-In its original condition this section was ob- structed by shoals at the foot of Lake Huron and at several localities in the St. Clair River. The least depths upon these shoals varied from 16 to 18 feet at mean stages of water, and the channels were usable by vessels then navigating the Lakes. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for channels as follows: Used by P Length Distance up or Project ProjectProject d Name of channel, of from downd width. depth. aum channel, mouth, bound width depth. planes vessels. Feet. Miles. Feet. Feet. Foot of Lake Huron........................ 10,500 40.5 Both.... 2,400 22 579. 6 Port Huron Shoal: East channel' ......................... 6,000 38.0 Up.... 1,000 20 578.2 West channel 2..................... . 7,000 38.0 Down.. 400 21 578.2 Stag Island: East channel ........................ 17,000 32.0 Up "..... 800 20 577.0 West channel ........................ 17,000 32.0 Down.. 1,000 20 577.0 Middle Ground, opposite St. Clair, Mich... 9,000 27. 0 Both... 900 20 576.6 Grand Point Shoal t................... 3,000 10.0 ... do..... 1,000 20 574.5 SquirrelIsland Shoal 1........... . . 2,500 9.0 . .. do..... 650 20 574.4 Arthur House Shoal 1................... 1,500 2.5 ... do.... 900 20 573.9 1 Improvement consisted of dredging lumps or widening of the natural channels. 2 Work not yet started. The project depths are referred to low-water datums for Lakes Huron and St. Clair, which are taken at 579.6 and 573.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean level of the lakes, 1860-1875. The water level of this river fluctuates with the levels of the lakes above and below it, which during the course of each year are subject to a consistent seasonal rise aid fall, the lowest stages prevailing during the winter months and the highest during the sum- mer months. At the head of the river the range of yearly water levels during the period 1899-1916 was 1.34 feet, the average normal range of stage during a season of navigation for the past 10 years is 0.65 foot, and the maximum fluctuations (due to wind, etc.) above and below monthly means during the past five years are plus 1.56 to minus 1.70. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $532,837.80. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. RIVERS AND PIARBORS--DETROIT, 1VICH., DISTRICT. 1615 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 13, 1892, provided for the channel in the river (H. Doc. No. 207, 51st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the west channel for down-bound vessels along the Port Huron water front (H. Doc. No. 782, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the document last mentioned. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Three self-register- ing water gages were maintained near the head of the river for the purpose of determining the river slope prior to the commencement of the construction of the Port Huron Shoal West Channel. A survey of the site of the latter channel and also of the channel at foot of Lake Huron to determine depths was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. Procedure through the Department of State was completed in December, 1917, by which the approval of the In- ternational Joint Commission and the consent of the Province of Ontario was obtained for the construction, as a part of this chan- nel work, of a submerged weir, or compensating work, across the entire river from the United States shore to the Canadian shore; and similar procedure was begun in May, 1919, to obtain the con- sent of the Canadian Government to the deposit of material dredged in the excavation of the channel in an area of deep water located on the Canadian side of the international boundary, which was still pending at the close of the fiscal year. The expenditures during the year amounted to $2,431.90, of which $2,035.78 was for new work and $396 12 for maintenance. Condition at end of fscal year.-The work done in this section has consisted of dredging and has resulted in providing channels of the project dimensions, with the exception of the west channel not com- pleted. The following table shows the widths, lengths, and control- ling depths of the channel at the end of the fiscal year referred to the project datum planes. Name of channel. Controlling Minimum Length. depth. width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Foot of Lake Huron................... ................. 2,600 10,500 Port Huron Shoal: East channel ..... ........... ...... ............... ........ 20.1 1,400 (1) West channel (work not started) ............. ...................................... Stag Island: East channel ....... ................. ................... .. 20.1 800 (1) West channel.............................................. 20.1 1,150 (1) Middle Ground opposite St. Clair, Mich......................... 20.1 950 (1) Grand Pointe Shoal............................................. ... 20.1 1,000 (1) Squirrel Island Shoal............................... ... ........ 20.0 650 (1) Arthur House Shoal............................................... 20.0 900 (1) 'The improvements consisted in the removal of obstructions, the straightening or widening of channels. The whole project covering work on the St. Clair River is about 90 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the dredging of the Port Huron Shoal West Channel. The total amount expended is $757,402.33 for new work and $7,396.12 for maintenance, a total of $764,798.45. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves the through com- merce between the upper and lower lakes, and it has not materially 125851-ENo 1919 102 1616 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. influenced the terminal facilities at the towns along its route, which consist only of small docks for the accommodation of local traffic For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvements in this river affect the commerce between Lake Erie ports and those on the upper lakes and rivers. The effect of the improvement on the draft and size of ves- sels and the increased tonnage carried has been set forth in the report on St. Marys River under this same heading. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds now avail- able to the work of dredging the new 21-foot channel in the St. Clair River along the water front of Port Huron, Mich., and building a compensating weir. The commencement of this work is now await- ing the permission of the Dominion Government to deposit a portion of the dredged material in Canadian waters. It is expected, how- ever, that the work may be commenced this season. The total amount of material to be removed, including allowable overdepth, is 375,000 cubic yards. At an average rate of 75,000 cubic yards per month, the work should be completed well before the end of the season of 1920, when funds will be exhausted. An estimate of $10,000 additional funds is submitted. It is deemed desirable that this amount be in hand to insure the maintenance of at least present depths at the foot of Lake Huron, where shoaling is progressive and continuous, though of small amount; and to insure as well the maintenance of the dredged channel in front of Port Huron, the excavation of which should be completed in the spring or early summer of 1920. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-No record has been kept of the commerce of this river, but it is probable that it is slightly greater than that passing through the St. Clair Flats Canal. See report of commercial statistics under " Channels in Lake St. Clair." Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $564.68: New work------------------------------------------- $757, 402. 33 Maintenance-------------- -------------- 7, 396. 12 Net total expended--------------------------------------764, 798. 45 Total appropriations to date of this report--- - --- 845, 788. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1 . ............ $903.55 $2,035.78 Expended for maintenance t............... $1,132.00 ........ . ........ ......... 396.12 Total expended 1.. ............... 1,132.00 ..... ..... ........ 903.55 2,431.90 Appropriated or allotted...................... :: .............. $83,325.00 1............ 1,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS---DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1617 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended___ ---------------------------- $82, 421. 45 Amount transferred from channels in Lake St. Clair, river and har- bor act approved July 18, 1918 _________________________________ 1, 000. 00 83, 421. 45 June 30, 1919, amount expended during tiscal year: For new work___________--___ __--_---- $2,035.78 For maintenance_________- ___________----- 396. 12 2, 431. 90 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended________---_--- __ _ 80, 989. 55 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ._______________-__--___ 2, 089. 35 Jul# 1, 1919, balance available, including $603.88 available only for maintenance____________________-_____ 78, 900. 20 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ___--------____-____ __ _10, 000.00 3. CHANNELS IN LAKE ST. CLAIR, MICH. (A3). Location and description.-Lake St. Clair is the smallest of the Great Lakes, being about 503 square miles in area, and is shallow throughout. On the sailing course it is 18 miles wide and its greatest width is about 30 miles. The drainage area above its outlet is 220,135 squares miles, and the mean discharge at that point is about 212,000 cubic foot-seconds, with a maximum of about 275,000 and minimum of about 140,000. There is a fall of about 0.2 foot. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 42. Original condition.-In its original condition the channels through this lake were obstructed by a shoal at the entrance to the Detroit River and by bars in the lake at the several mouths of the St. Clair River. This river flows into Lake St. Clair through seven mouths forming the delta, known as the St. Clair Flats. These passes were obstructed by bars in the lake over which there was a least depth of water of from 2 to 6 feet. The existing canal is located in what is known as the South Channel. Previous projects.--The original project for the construction of the channel through the St. Clair Flats was authorized by the act of March 2, 1867. Subsequent modifications and additions were authorized by the act of March 3, 1873. The total amount expended on the original and modified projects prior to commencement in 1886 of operations under the existing project was $591,060, all ap- plied to new work. For further details of previous projects see pages 1958-1959, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This project provides for a ship canal consist- ing of two dredged cuts, each 300 feet wide and 20 feet deep, extend- ing from deep water in the St. Clair River, a distance of 17,460 feet into Lake St. Clair, these cuts to be separated for a portion of this distance (about 7,221 feet) by a sand dike 100 feet wide, revetted on each side by sheet piling, the east side of the east cut to be protected by a dike of the same length, but only 50 feet in width, and for a channel 800 feet wide and 20 and 21 feet deep through the shoal at the entrance to the Detroit River, known as Grosse Pointe Channel. SExclusive of available funds. 1618 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The following table gives the characteristic features of the im- proved channels: Used by up oro Project Project Datum Name of channel. down t bound width, depth. plane. vessels. St. Clair Flats Canal: Feet. Feet. East channel............................................ Up...... 300 20 573.8 West channel................................. Down... 300 20 573.8 Channel lakeward of dikes............................. Both.... 800 20 573.8 Grosse Pointe Channel . ............. . ............ .. do.... 800 120 573.8 120-foot depth in upper 6 miles: 21-foot in lower 54 miles. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake St. Clair, which is taken at 573.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 :feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. The range of yearly mean levels in the lake during the past 20 years average about 1.24 feet, the average normal range of stage during a season of navigation for the past 10 years is about 0.85 foot, and the maximum fluctuations above and below monthly means (due to winds, etc.) are from about plus 0.67 foot to minus 0.70 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $1,894,385.16, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for the present dimensions of the dikes (Annual Report for 1885, p. 2159); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the deepening of the east cut of the canal and for dredging the channel at Grosse Pointe (H. Doc. No. 207, 51st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the second cut at the canal for down-bound vessels (H. Doc. No. 234, 56th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for a 21-foot depth in the Grosse Pointe Channel for a length of about 51 miles (H. Doc. No. 188, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of the improvement at the flats will be found at page 2046, Annual Report for 1907, and of the improvement of the Grosse Pointe Channel at page 2758, Annual Report for 1896. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. suction dredge General G. G. Meade was transferred temporarily from the Grand Rapids, Mich., district, and employed on the work of restor- ing project dimensions in the Grosse Pointe Channel. This work was in progress from July 11 to October 22, 1918, and 143,891 cubic yards of material were removed from the westerly 200 feet of the channel resulting in the restoration of the project depth of 20 feet for a length of about 1 miles. The expenditures on account of this work were $36,414.51. A survey to determine depths in this channel was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. Bids were opened on July 15, 1918, for the repair of about 240 feet of wooden pile revetment of the east dike at St. Clair Flats Canal, but were rejected as excessive. A survey of this dike was made during June, 1919, to determine its condition, with the view RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1619 to making extensive repairs. The damage to the south end of the west dike, caused by the steamer Maritana on November 15, 1917, was repaired during the fiscal year by the Pittsburgh Steamship Company, owner of the vessel. A custodian was employed at the canal to enforce rules and regulations, and to care for, and make necessary minor repairs to the dikes. The total expenditures for work during the year were $40,249.85, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work done in Lake St. Clair consisted of deepening the channel by dredging and the construction of two sand dikes provided with revetments at the St. Clair Flats, the dredging of the channel lakeward therefrom, and also of the channel at Grosse Pointe Shoal. The project was entirely completed in 1906, except for the improvement to 21-foot depth in the Grosse Pointe Channel for a length of about 54 miles, since authorized. The dikes for St. Clair Flats:Canal, east channel, were completed in 1892, when a second row of sheet piles was driven to a depth of 26 feet, thus permitting the deepening of this channel to 20 feet, which was completed in 1894. The deepening of the channel lakeward of the dikes was included in the contract for the latter work. The St. Clair Flats Canal, west channel, was completed in 1906, under one contract which included the dredging and the widening of the dike which separates the east and west channels. The dredging of Grosse Pointe Channel to original project depth of 20 feet was completed in 1897. The west dike is in fair condition. The east dike is rapidly deteriorating, numerous breaks have occurred, and extensive repairs are necessary. The following table gives data as to controlling depths, widths, and lengths of channels at the close of the fiscal year: Project Control- inimum Leneth of Name of channel, datum ling idthm Lchannel. plane. depth. St. Clair Flats Canal: Feet. Feet. Feet. East channel .............. .................. .. 573. 8 20 294 7, 500 West channel ......... ........................ 573. 8 20 300 7 500 Channel lakeward from dikes ............................. 573.8 20 750 11,000 Grosse Pointe Channel.... ......................... 573.8 . 20 1390 60 000 1 Shoaling at the edges of this 800-foot channel reduces depth to about 12.5 feet. The total amount expended on the existing project is $1,702,675.28 for new work, and $170,816.21 for maintenance, a total of $1,873,- 491.49. This amount does not include expenditures on St. Clair Flats Canal from allotments for operating and care, which amount to $235,346.42; nor expenditures for dredging in 1893-94 at the canal under Ship Channel project, which amount to $107,024. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. This improvement is in Lake St. Clair and serves the through commerce between the upper and lower lakes. Effect of improvement.-All the commerce passing between the lower and upper lakes passes through the channels in Lake St. Clair. See statement under this heading in report on St. Marys River. 1620 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Proposed operations.-It is propsed to apply the funds now available as follows: Strengthening east dike, St. Clair Flats Ca- nal, new tie rods, wales, and stringers, $44,000. Supervision of St. Clair Flats Canal and minor repairs, $2,000. Dredging 54 miles of Grosse Pointe Channel to 21-foot depth, $269,000. Specifications for the dike repairs are now being prepared, and the work will be placed under contract and completed by the end of the season of 1920. Bids for dredging Grosse Pointe Channel will be opened July 22, 1919. The total amount of. material to be removed, including allowable overdepth. is about 1,250,000 cubic yards, and this, at the required rate of 150,000 cubic yards per month, will be accomplished by the end of the season of 1920, when all available funds will be exhausted. The adopted plan for the repair of the east dike provides for the renewal and strengthening of the dike at an estimated cost of $110,000. The estimate for additional funds covers the balance ($66,000) necessary to complete the repairs in accordance with this plan and will consist in the renewal of about 1,100 feet of dike. In addition, the estimate includes $15,000 for maintenance dredging. The total length of this portion of the through-ship channel is about 16 miles, of which length the lower 51 miles will be redredged with present available funds. The entire channel is subject to shoaling, and some deterioration has taken place in the upper section. It is desirable that funds be in hand for application toward the main- tenance at all times of project depth which is fully required to meet the load draft of through navigation. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Coimmercial statistics.-The commerce transported through this channel is as follows: Grain, copper, iron ore, pig iron, lumber, coal, stone, gravel, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. ;Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.......... .........63,799,286 81 $731,139, 1917.......... ........88,738,438 $1,182,883,379 1915................... 76,990,239 953,139,159 1918.................. 82,979,184 955,920,499 1916....................95,370,752 929,971 1,010, Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. The records show that 4,197,383 registered tons using the Detroit River did not pass through the St. Clair Flats Canal, but either stopped at Detroit or turned and went back down the river. Sub- tracting this amount from the total shown for the Detroit River leaves for the registered tonnage passing through the St. Clair Flats Canal 59,270,846 tons. Applying to this figure the same percentage of increase over registered freight as for Detroit River, 40 per cent, gives for the estimated actual freight carried through the canal 82,979,184 tons, and using the same unit value as for Detroit River, $11.52 per ton, gives as the value of the actual freight $955,920,199. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1621 Financial sumnmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $684.01: New work _________ _________ $2, 293,735. 28 Maintenance -- -- --------- - 170, 816. 21 Net total expended___________--- -- _____ 2, 464, 551. 49 Total appropriations to. date of this report- ---- -- 2, 780, 510. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................................................. .... Expended for maintenance 1.................... $33, 871.05 $86, 392.46 $2, 151.82 $40; 249 85 Appropriated or allotted ................ 20, 000.00 50,000. 00 50, 000.00 185,000. 00 173,000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Jluly 1, 1918, balance unexpended---------------------- ------- $183, 208. 77 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18. 1918_ Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 ------------- __ =-____ _____--------------124, 000. 00 357, 208. 77 Deduction on account of amount transferred to St. Clair River____ 1,000. 00 356, 208. 77 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------------------ 315, 958. 92 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities___________ ________________ 601. 64 July 1, 1919, balande available, including $221,357.28 available only for maintenance- - ---------- 315, 357. 28 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_ - . _ _ _81, 000.00 1.... 4. DETROIT RIVER, MICH. (A4), Location and description.-The Detroit River connects Lakes St. "Clair and Erie, and is about 28 miles long; but, including the chan- nel dredged through the shoal in Lake Erie adjacent to the river mnouth, this section is 31 miles long. The drainage area above its out- let is 221,850 square miles. The smallest known discharge of the river is about 140,000 cubic foot-seconds and the highest about 275,000 cubic foot seconds. The total fall is about 3 feet, most of which occurs in a length of about 5 miles in the lower portion of the river. In general, the river flows in a southerly direction, and the current is about 1 mile per hour, except at Limekiln Crossing, where the mean velocity is about 2.5 miles and the maximum about 5 miles per hour. The width of the river varies from one-half mile to about 3 miles; and there are a number of islands which divide the river into two or more channels. See U. S. Lake Survey chart, No. 41. Original condition.-The river was available for the purposes of commerce prior to improvement. At that time the shoalest part of the channel was at Limekiln Crossing, about 8 miles above Detroit : 1Exclusive of available funds. 1622 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. River Lighthouse, where the normal depth was from 121 to 15 feet at Lake Erie stage, 571 feet above mean tide at New York, over a bottom of solid rock. The river was navigable throughout its entire length. Previous projects.-The original improvement was authorized by the act of June 23, 1874, and subsequent modifications by the acts of July 5, 1884, Augist 5,1886, August 11, 1888, July 13,1892, and March 3, 1899. Prior to commencement of operations under the existing project in 1904, $2,097,254 had been expended on new work. For further details of previous projects, see page 1958 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an upbound channel, known as the Amherstburg Channel, 22 feet deep and 800 feet wide, from Lake Erie to the lower junction with Livingstone Channel, passing on the east side of Detroit River Lighthouse; thence 21 feet deep and at least 600 feet wide to the head of Livingstone Channel; thence 22 feet for similar width to the 22-foot contour at the head of Ballards Reef; for a downbound channel, known as Livingstone Channel, west of Bois Blanc Island, 22 feet deep and at least 450 feet wide from its upper end to opposite Bar Point; thence 22 feet deep and 800 feet wide to the 22-foot contour in Lake Erie west of Detroit River Lighthouse; for a dike on the west bank of the rock cut through Livingstone Channel to ameliorate cross currents; for a compensating waste bank to the east of the cofferdam; for secur- ing a straight channel 22 feet deep and 800 feet wide opposite Fight- ing Island; and for improving channel to Wyandotte by removing shoal at head of Grosse Isle. The following table shows the char- acteristic features of the improved channels: Used by Length Distance up or Project Project Datum Name of channel, of from down rt u channel, mouth. bound width. depth planes. vessels. Feet. Miles. Feet. Feet. Fighting Island Channel .............. 25,000 12.0 Both.... 800 22 572. 2-572.1 Amherstburg Channel............... 69, 000 .......... Up.... 600 572.0-570.8 Grosse Isle Shoal ...... .......... ... 600 14. 2 Local......20 572.0 Livingstone Channel.................. 60,800........ Down.. . 22 571. -570. By authority of river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, the channel passing to the west of Detroit River Lighthouse (formerly a part of Amherstburg Channel) is now included in Livingstone Channel proj- ect, and the channel to the east of Detroit River Lighthouse (part of the original Livingstone Channel project) is now included in Am- herstburg Channel project. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie. which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean level of the lake 1860-1875. Each year the river rises and falls about 2 feet as measured by the monthly mean levels. In the past 56 years the difference between the highest and the lowest monthly mean levels has been about 4 feet. Occasional fluctuations in depth of several feet, produced by high easterly or westerly winds, respectively, raise or lower the water RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1623 level at the west end of Lake Erie and similarly affect the level of the lower Detroit River; such changes have been as much as 6 feet within eight hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $13,930,950, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of June 13, 1902, March 3, 1905, and June 25, 1910, provided for the Amherstburg Channel and removal of Grosse Isle Shoal (H. Docs. Nos. 712, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and 40, 58th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the Fighting Island Channel (H. Doc. No. 17, 62d Cong., 1st sess.); and the acts of March 2, 1907, June 25, 1910, and March 2, 1919, provided for the Livingstone Channel (H. Docs. Nos. 266, 59th Cong., 2d sess.; 676, 61st Cong., 2d sess.; and 322, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in the last-mentioned document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was in progress during the past year, except an examination to determine channel depths and a harbor line survey of the American shore. The total expenditures during the year were $9,451.27, $1,237.99 for new work and $8,213.28 for maintenance, divided as follows: Gen- eral improvement, $1,738.14; Livingstone Channel, $5,863.87 ($1,237.99, new work, and $4,625.88, maintenance); and Fighting Island Channel, $1,849.26. These expenditures were devoted to mak- ing payment for examination and survey, regulation of traffic in Livingstone Channel, traveling expenses, rent of water-gage - sites, office and contingent expenses. Two semaphores were operated to assist vessel masters in maintaining the required interval of five minutes between vessels navigating the Livingstone Channel. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 80 per cent completed. The work done has been dredging, rock excavation, and the removal of bowlders. Fighting Island Channel was completed in 1915. Amherstburg Channel, as now described, was completed in 1914. Grosse Isle Shoal Channel was completed in 1904. Living- stone Channel, as originally projected, was completed in 1915, but this project was modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, which authorized the increase of the present minimum width of 300 feet to 450 feet. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year at the project plane of reference are 21.8 feet for Fighting Island Channel, 20.8 feet for Amherstburg Channel, 20 feet for Grosse Isle Channel, and 21.8 feet for Livingstone Channel. The total expendi- tures under the existing project are $10,394,987.36, of which $10,373,- 801.23 was for new work and $21,186.13 for maintenance. The ex- penditures were divided as follows: Amherstburg Channel, including Grosse Isle Channel, $3,315,847.46; Livingstone Channel, $6,946,- 529.21; and Fighting Island Channel, $132,610.69. Local cooperation.-Nonerequired by law. The only work known. to have been done with funds supplied by other sources than Con- gress was the removal of some bowlders from the channel at Limekiln Crossing by the Canadian Government prior to the beginning of work by the United States. The exact amount expended is not known, but it is believed to have been a little more than $5,000. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves the through com- merce between the upper and lower lakes, and it has not materially 1624 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. influenced the terminal facilities of the towns along its route except for the city of Detroit. Within the limits of this city there are more than 6 linear miles of docks fronting on the river, and the appliances for handling freight are adequate. A number of docks are owned by railroads and large manufacturing corporations over which no freight is received except for their own use. Other docks are owned by steamship. lines where preference is given to their own vessels. There are, however, still other docks that are believed to be open to the use of all vessels upon equal terms, and such docks are adequate for the needs of the general commerce. It is understood the local authorities of the city of Detroit are in- vestigating the matter of providing a public dock and warehouse, but the project has not yet been definitely adopted. For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-A very large percentage of the total com- merce of the Great Lakes passes through this improvement, which forms one section of the through ship channel. A great increase in the draft of vessels has been permitted, resulting in vessels of greater tonnage. Greater speed without sacrificing safety has followed the addition of double channels. It is believed that to these causes is due the reduction of freight rates on the Great Lakes. Proposedoperations.-With the funds for new work now available it is proposed to widen Livingstone Channel to 450 feet for a length of about 1,400 feet above the north cofferdam at Stony Island and for a length of about 9,000 feet below the south cofferdam, and to con- struct the dike and compensating waste bank with the dredged ma- terial. Specifications for this work have been prepared. The quan- tity of material to be removed is estimated at 545,000 cubic yards, and at the rate of about 50,000 cubic yards per month, it will require nearly two seasons to complete the work. Since this channel is partly in Canadian waters and its enlargement may affect water levels above it, the commencement of operations must await approval by the Canadian Government of the works of compensation. This matter has been referred to the Canadian authorities, and it is ex- pected that the work will be commenced during the next fiscal year and completed the following year, when the available funds will be exhausted. The maintenance funds available will suffice during the next fiscal year for all necessary work of this character, including the regulation of traffic in Livingstone Channel and the operation of water gages. To complete the Livingstone Channel project there will remain, after the complete expenditure of funds in hand, the excavation of about 380,000 cubic yards of rock, and the dredging of 595,000 cubic yards of earth, at a project estimate of $1,820,000. Conditions and prices have so materially changed, however, since the formulation of project estimate, that the accomplishment of the amount of work described for the sum designated is doubtful. This situation will probably be made the subject of a separate communication after bids have been received for work at Livingstone Channel under funds now in hand. Meantime, it is desirable that the completion of the project be authorized under a continuing contract covering the balance of the project estimate, namely, $1,820,000, and with $900,000 provided for RIVERS AND HARBORS---DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1625 expenditure during the fiscal year 1921. The last named sum will secure the removal of about 577,000 cubic yards of rock and earth and will carry the widening of the rock cut downstream to about 6,500 feet below the limit likely to be reached with funds in hand. It will be advantageous to take bids under continuing contract au- thorization for all work required to complete the Livingstone Chan- nel project during the period of prosecution of work soon to be let and while appropriate plant is on the job. Recommended modifca:tions of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Vessels carrying bulk freight, which forms about 95 per cent of the total tonnage, used a draft. of 20 feet. Ves- sels carrying miscellaneous freight and lumber were loaded to about 18 feet and 15 feet, respectively. Miscellaneous freight forms about 4 per cent and lumber about 1 per cent of the total tonnage. Fol- lowing is a comparative statement of the commerce transported over the waterway during the past five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914................ 69, 810, 853 $800,032, 275 1917................ 95, 243,119 $1,269, 590, 776 1915.................. 82,514,457 1,021,528,978 1918................ 88,855,520 1,023, 615,590 1916 .............. 100,907,279 1,069,617,157 The actual freight, in tons, that is carried through the Detroit River can be closely estimated by comparison with the tonnage of St. Marys Falls Canal, where records of both net registered and actual freight are kept. During the season of 1918 the actual freight passing St. Marys Falls Canal was 37.5 per cent greater than the net registered tonnage. Since about three-fourths of the Detroit River tonnage is St. Marys Falls Canal tonnage, there is no erorr in as- suming that the ratio for this three-fourths is the same for the Detroit River as for St. Marys Falls Canal, and it is reasonable to suppose that the ratio between the registered and freight tonnage of the remaining one-fouth is also the same as that for St. Marys Falls Canal. Therefore, increasing the registered tonnage by 40 per cent, the estimated actual freight of Detroit River is 88,855,520 short tons. The average value of the freight passing St. Marys Falls Canal during the season of 1918 was found to be $11.52 per ton. Assuming this unit value for Detroit River commerce, the total estimated value of the actual freight passing Detroit River during the season of 1918 would be $1,023,615,590. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $814.42: New work--------------------------------------- $12, 471, 055. 23 Maintenance --------------------------------- 21, 186. 13 Net total expended_________---------- --- 12, 492, 241. 36 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------------- 13, 252, 254. 00 1626 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.............. $273, 042.0 $34,976.21 $1,237.99 Expendea for maintenance 1... ........... .......... 5,371.52 $3, 438.93 $4,252.70 8,213.28 Total expended ' ................... 273,042.60 40, 347.73 3,438.93 4,252. 70 9, 451.27 Appropriated or allotted................. .... .... ............ ......... ... . . 750,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended --------------------------- _ $19, 463. 91 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919---------------------------------------------- 750, 000. 00 769, 463.91 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work---------------------------$1, 237. 99 For maintenance--------------------------8, 213. 28 9, 451.27 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended 60, 012. 64 7--------------------------- July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ._____________________-_ 547. 45 July 1, 1919, balance available_------------------------_ 759, 465. 19 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------- 1, 820, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work ._______________ .' ______ __ 900, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6,509.37: New work------------------------------------_ $40,855, 315. 64 Maintenance -_______----------__ 316, 418. 60 Net total expended -_________-__-__ 41, 171, 734. 24 _-________- Total appropriations to date of this report------------------42, 898, 922. 09 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1-............ $1, 065,471.82 $248, 364.53 $636, 070:53 $696, 304.12 $679,126.80 Expended for maintenance 1......... 1,742.37 39,441.97 89, 872.81 109,904.38 60,747.53 , - I I I Total expended ............. 1,067,214.19 287,806.50 - 725,943.34 806,208.501 739,874.33 I Appropriated or allotted......... 526,000.00 50,000.00 1,433,325.00 302,000.00 1,394,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ____________ ___________ $1, 073,053. 18 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_ 520, 000. 00 18, 1918---------------------------------------520, 000.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 ------------------------------------------------ 874, 000. 00 Receipt from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 --- --------------- 9. 00 2, 467, 062. 18 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1627 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work _------- _________-- __- $679, 126. 80 For maintenance------ 60, 747. 53 $739, 874. 33 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------_______----------------- 1, 727, 187. 85 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------$61, 485. 27 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts 46, 500. 00 107, 985. 27 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $227,994.94 available only for maintenance____________________--- ___ 1, 619, 202. 58 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ ________ - ___------- __-- ------ Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending 1, 820, 000. 00 June 30, 1921: For new work----- ------------------------ ------- '900,000. 00 For maintenance___ __________-_______ ___----- '91, 000. 00 Total-------------------------------------------- 991, 000. 00 5. OPERATING AND CARE OF ST. MARYS FALLS CANAL, MICH. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for the improvement of St. Marys River at the Falls, Mich. See pages 1606 to 1613, where general informa- tion regarding the improvement can be found. The Weitzel Lock has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since 1881, the Poe Lck since August 3, 1896, and the Third Lock since October 21, 1914. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the year ending December 31, 1918, the United States canal was open to navigation 239 days, from April 20 to December 14, 1918. During that time a total of 15,537 vessels, aggregating 51,079,027 registered tons, and carrying 72,758,680 short tons of freight and 8,042 passengers, passed through the Weitzel, Poe, and Third Locks in 10,869 lockages. The Canadian Lock, at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, open to navigation 239 days, made 4,034 lockages and passed 5,073 vessels, with an aggregate registered tonnage of 10,021,217, and carrying 12,921,647 short tons of freight and 26,948 passengers. In addition to the work of operat- ing the locks and canals, minor repairs were made to the lock ma- sonry, buildings, plant, piers, and movable dam, Poe Lock culverts, and tools; repairs were made to the Third Lock gates and lock ma- chinery. This work was all done by the lock employees and hired labor. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $149,665.73. Condition at end of fiscal year..-The Weitzel Lock has been out of commission since October 31, 1918, its operation not being neces- sary. The Poe and Third Locks are in operation, and a fourth lock will be placed in operation during 1919. The principal features of the four locks are stated in. the table on page 1611. The Weitzel and Poe Locks are served by one canal, and the Third and Fourth Locks by a separate canal. The depth that may .be carried through the smallest lock is 12.6 feet, and through the largest lock 24.5 feet at low water, but the channels leading to the locks restrict the draft 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1628 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. to 21 feet at low-water datum. The total expenditures for operating and care from 1881, when the Weitzel Lock was put in service, to the end of the fiscal year amount to $3,021,229.02. Proposed operations.-The locks and canals will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.--All the commerce passing between the lower lakes and Lake Superior ports uses the looks and canals at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and Ontario. During 1918, 85 per cent of the total freight and 23 per cent of the total number of passengers carried passed through the American canal. The limit of draft for boats during the season of 1918 was determined by the available depth in the channels in the lakes and rivers above and below the canal, and was about 21 feet. About 75 per cent of the bulk freight carried was by vessels capable of loading to the available draft. Vessels carrying miscellaneous freight and lumber loaded to a draft of 15 to 18 feet. Bulk freight forms about 97 per cent of the total tonnage. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passen- CalendarShorttons. Value. Passen- year. gers. year. gers. 1914.......... 55,369, 2 934 $634,800,268 59,801 1917..........89, 813,898 $1,196,922,183 38, 339 1915. ....... 71, 90, 304 882, 263,141 50,336 1918......... 85,680,327 987,005,347 34,990 1916....... 91,888,219 974,161,156 54, 922 The commerce during the current year consisted of flour, wheat, grain, copper, iron ore, manufactured and pig iron, coal, lumber, salt, oil, stone, and general merchandise. MACKINAC, CHEBOYGAN, ROGERS CITY, ALPENA, HARBOR BEACH, AND MONROE HARBORS; SAGINAW, BLACK, CLINTON, AND ROUGE RIVERS, MICH. (GROUP B). 6. MACKINAC HARBOR, MICH. (B1). Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the southeast end of Mackinac Island, which is located in the Straits of Mackinac at the northern end of Lake Huron, a distance of 15 miles by water in a northwest direction from the harbor of Cheboygan, on the main- land. The bay is semicircular, inclosing an area of about 34 acres. The extreme length of the harbor between Mission and Biddle Points is about 2,400 feet and the greatest width is about 2,000 feet. See United States Lake Survey chart- No. 5. Original condition.-Priorto improvement this harbor was avail- able for the purposes of commerce, as at mean lake levels there was a least depth of 18 feet to the docks. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for two breakwaters 700 and 1,300 feet long extending from Mission and Biddle Points, respectively, of stone riprap and bowlders where this form of construction would cost less than cribwork. The extreme fluctuation of stage of water in the harbor has amounted to about 4.6 feet, the difference between the RIVERS AND HAhIB3RS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1629 highest and lowest monthly mean stages. The ordinary seasonal rise and fall is about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1900, is $80,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 646, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 274, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work has been done during the last fiscal year and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work done has been the con- struction of two rubble-mound breakwaters provided for by the project, which were completed in 1914. The south breakwater shows some loss of stone near its outer end, but the deterioration is slight and the structure is accordingly fully effective. The controlling depth to the docks within the harbor is 18 feet as shown by examina- tion during 1915. The total expenditures were $77,982.12 for new work. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has two piers at right angles to shore and extending to 20 feet depth of water, which are accessible to boats on both sides. These piers are privately owned but open to all vessels upon equal terms. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first sesion. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a reasonably safe approach to and berth at the landing wharves and to afford shelter to vessels lying in the harbor. It is not believed that it has had any effect upon freight rates. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed for next year except such as may be necessary for maintenance, and the funds available are sufficient for this purpose. Recommeended modification of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the past year consisted of coal and general merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is about 18 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... 19,911 $1,706,100 1917............... ..... 17,193 $1,471,470 1915....................... 17,217 1,482,605 1918.................. . 11,920 692,190 1916....................... 22,195 1,704,243 The decrease in amount and value of commerce during 1918 was mainly in the item of general merchandise which has a large unit value. In addition to the freight received and shipped, there is a large passenger traffic during the summer months. Both the Ameri- can and Canadian passenger vessels which run on through lines from the lower lakes to Lakes Michigan and Superior stop at this port, and there are special lines of vessels between it and Chicago, Mil- 1630 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. waukee, Detroit, Cheboygan, Mackinaw City, St. Ignace, the Che- neaux Islands, and Sault Ste. Marie. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ------------------------------------ $77, 982. 12 Maintenance- Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------79, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .................. $19,655.18 ....................... Expended for maintenance................ . ...... ................. Appropriated or allotted....... . .. .. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended______________________________ $1,017. 88 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended______________ __________ 1,017. 88 7. CHEBOYGAN HARBOR, MICH. (B2.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the lower reach of the Cheboygan River and is about 100 miles distant from Alpena, Mich., in a northwesterly direction. The river, which is b5 miles long, has its source in Mullet Lake, from which it flows in a northerly direction, emptying into the Straits of Mackinac, Lake Huron. The width of the river varies from 100 to 300 feet, and the improved portion is about 1 mile in length. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5. Original condition.-Priorto improvement there was a depth of about 6 feet of water at the mouth of the river, which was about 200 feet wide at this point, and the commerce of the town was conducted from docks built in deep water in the Straits of Mackinac, the vari- ous commodities being transported between the harbor and these docks by means of lighters. The river was navigable a distance of about 5 miles above the mouth, and boats drawing 4 to 5 feet could navigate a farther distance of about 30 miles through the streams and lakes forming what is known as the "Inland route. " Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the act of March 3, 1871, and modified by act of June 14, 1880, and $129,828.24 was expended on new work prior to commencement of operations under the existing project in 1896. For further details of previous projects, see page 1956 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for a channel 182 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the Straits of Mackinac to the outer end of the west pier, and between lines parallel to and 25 feet from the docks from that point to the State Road Bridge; and thence 81 feet deep and 60 feet wide from this bridge to the lock in the Cheboygan River. The length of the section included in the project is 11,720 feet, of which 6,000 feet are in the straits. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. Each year the level of the river rises and falls about 3 feet. From day to day the level changes somewhat, due to wind and baro- RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1631 metric pressure, such changes sometimes amounting to a foot or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $90,797.60, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is$5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the 18 -foot channel (Annual Report for 1895, p. 2823); and the act of March.2, 1907, provided for the 81-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 537, 59th Cong., 1st sess. ). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 1984. Operations and results during fiscal year.-An examination was made in August, 1918, to determine existing channel depths and con- dition of the slab docks at the harbor entrance. The amount ex- pended, $161.65, was charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913, the work consisting entirely of dredging. The con- trolling depths at the end of the fiscal year were 16.3 feet for the 18:.ffoot section and 6 feet for the 82-foot section, as shown by examination during 1918. The old slab piers at the harbor en- trance, formerly used for the storage of lumber, are deteriorating rapidly, and there is the consequent probability of a further reduction of channel dimensions at this point. The upstream limit of the improvement is at the lock, about 11,000 feet above the mouth, but light-draft boats navigate a farther distance of about 30 miles above this point. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the navigation season. The total expenditures under the existing project are $69,783.81 for new work and $8,482.57 for main- tenance, a total of $78,266.38. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1872 the citizens of Cheboygan contributed $2,000 toward the improvement of the river, this amount being expended in dredging inside the inner end of the channel provided by the United States. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has one dock of about 1,000 feet length which is privately owned, but open to all vessels upon equal terms. There are also several other docks of less than 100 feet length which are privately owned and used. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing ommerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session. Effects of improvement.-The project has provided a deep-water harbor at this locality, and there can be no doubt that the existence of this harbor has had a decided effect on freight rates, although the precise effect can not be stated. Proposed operations.-While considerable shoaling has taken place, the small amount of funds now available will not permit of any maintenance dredging except at a high yardage rate. No dredging will therefore be done until additional funds are provided, unless conditions become such as to seriously inconvenience navigation. Because of the deterioration of the old slab docks at the harbor entrance, future shoaling in the channel will be more rapid than in the past. The amount of dredging required for the restoration and maintenance of project depth for the fiscal year ending June 30, 125851-ENG 1919--103 1632 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 1921 is now estimated at 47,000 cubic yards of material. Of this amount, at an estimated cost of 20 cents per cubic yard, including contingencies, the available funds ($4,400) will provide for the removal of 22,000 cubic yards; the remainder, 25,000 cubic yards, at the same estimated unit cost, will require $5,000 additional, for which an estimate is submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the past year consisted mainly of logs, pulp wood, coal, lumber, fish, and general merchan- dise. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is about 15 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... 120,495 $1,011,336 1917................ .... 114,623 $1, 615, 638 1915 ................... 139,268 1,368, 913 1918..--------..........-----------.......... 128,124 1, 672, 751 1916 .................. 77,455 923,370 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portions of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30. 1919, after d(edleting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $225: New work .................... __ __ __ ___ _ $199, 612. 05 Maintenance _____ 8, 482. 57 Net total expended-_ _ _ _ -_ 208, 094. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report . ..................... 212, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.......................- - .. -.- - - ..... -----...... Expended for maintenance1............... 0 35............ $12.04 $6.25 $161.65 Appropriated or allotted. ... ............. ..... ..... 1Not deducting receipts fsitf sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------------ $4, 567. 03 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 161. 65 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------------- 4,405. 38 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance----------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 8. ROGERS CITY HARBOR, MICH. (B3.) Location and description.-Rogers City is situated on the shore of Lake Huron, about 40 miles distant in a southeasterly direction from Cheboygan by water. There is no natural harbor at this locality, the city being located on the shore of the lake, with docks extending out from the same. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5. Original condition.-The harbor was available for the purposes of commerce only for such vessels as could land at the docks, approach 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1633 to same being obstructed by a bar which had a depth of water over it of 11 feet at 579.6 feet above mean tide at New York. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 142 feet deep and 200 feet wide through the bar. The project depth is re- ferred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The seasonal rise and fall of water level is about 1 foot. The extreme fluctuation of stage of water has amounted to about 4 6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $6,000. The latest (1910) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (Rivers and Harbors Com. Doc. No. 28, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). No map of the harbor has been published. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the past year, and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 65 per cent completed. The work done at this harbor has been the deepening by dredging of the channel across the bar, which has resulted in pro- viding a channel 142 feet deep and 130 feet wide. The work to be done to complete the project is the widening of the channel from 130 to 200 feet. The controlling depth was 142 feet at low-water datum, as shown by an examination made during 1915. The total expendi- tures are $5,666.34 for new work and $2.06 for maintenance, a total of $5,668.40. Local cooperation.-The adoption of the existing project was con- ditioned upon the furnishing of suitable wharf and dock privileges to all on equal terms and at reasonable rates. Assurance to this effect was given by the Loud-Hoeft Lumber Co., and approved by the Sec- retary of War September 27, 1910. Terminal facilities.-There are three docks which are privately owned but open to all vessels upon equal terms, and local interests have expended about $1,500 in deepening the channel leading thereto. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Doc - ment No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement benefits only such ves- sels as trade to this harbor, and it is not believed that it has had any effct on freight rates. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed and no estimate of funds needed is submitted, as the existing channel affords ample depth and width for the needs of commerce at this locality. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this harbor consists mainly of coal, farm products, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914. . .......... 9, 173 $157226 1917................ ..... 4,137 $216, 831 1915. . .......... 9,415 334 450 ............ 1918 ........ 2,960 199, 050 1916................... 6,857 171,624 1634 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work--------------------------------- $5, 666. 34 Maintenance_---------------- 2. 06 Net total expended--------------- --------------- 5, 668. 40 Total appropriations to date of this report 000. 00 6--------------------, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........................................................... Expended for maintenance................ $2.06........ Appropriated or allotted............................... ............ .............. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------.-- ---- $331. 60 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--------------------------331.60 9. ALPENA HARBOR, MICH. (B4). Location and description.-This harbor is located on the northwest shore of Thunder Bay, Lake Huron, and on the lower reach of the Thunder Bay River, and is 96 miles distant in a northerly direction from Harbor Beach, Mich. The river, which is about 45 miles long, has its source in Montmorency and Alpena Counties, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and empties into Thunder Bay. The general width of the river is abbut 200 feet and the improved portion is about seven-eighths mile in length. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5. Original condition.-Before any improvements were made there was a depth of 7 feet of water over the bar at the mouth of the river, and greater depths inside the mouth. The river was about 200 feet wide at the mouth. It was navigable only about a mile above its mouth, further navigation being interrupted by a dam at that point. Previous projects.--The original project was authorized by the act of August 14, 1876, and modified by the act of August 2, 1882. The total amount expended prior to commencement of operations under the existingproject in 1890 was $18,888.70 for new work. For far- ther details of previous projects, see page 1957 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 161 feet deep from that depth in Thunder Bay to a point on Thunder Bay River seven- eighths of a mile above the lighthouse; for the protection of the said channel by the repair and strengthening of about 830 feet of docks on the south side, and the construction of about 370 feet of rubble breakwater in extension of these docks; for channel width of 200 feet from the 162-foot contour in Thunder Bay to the outer end of the breakwater, thence tapering to 100 feet just above the inner end of the breakwater, thence 100 feet to Second Avenue Bridge, thence 75 feet to Miner Lumber Company's wharf, thence 50 feet to RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1635 upper limit of improvement. The total length of the river included in the project is 4,620 feet, and the improved channel extends a further distance of 2,500 feet into the bay beyond the lighthouse. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. Each year the level of Thunder Bay River rises and falls about 3+ feet. From day to day the level changes somewhat, due to wind and barometric pressure, such changes frequently amounting to more than a foot. The estimate of cost of new work revised in 1919 is $103,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the dredging (Annual Report for 1889, p. 2288); and act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for the other features (H. Doc. No. 830, 65th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. suction dredge General G. G. Meade, temporarily transferred from the Grand Rapids district, was employed at this harbor from July 6 to 9, 1918, and removed 643 cubic yards of sand and silt. Owing to the inability of the Meade to remove the slabs and edgings which had washed into the channel, a clain~hell dredge was employed under contract between August 10 and September 13, 1918. During this period the dredge removed 5,550 cubic yards of material, which resulted in a minimum depth of 14.5 feet. An examination of the harbor was made in April, 1919, to determine channel dcepth and condition of docks on south side of harbor, which are to be repaired under present existing project. The total expenditures during the year amounted to $7,183.02, of which $6,972.35 was for maintenance and $210.67 for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year. The existing project is about 25 per cent completed, the work done consisting of dredging to deepen and widen the channel and of placing rock piles on the outer end of the slab piers at the entrance to the river to prevent their destruc- tion by wave action. The work still to be done is the repair of the docks on the south side, the construction of the breakwater, and dredging to secure a uniform width of 200 feet at the entrance. The controlling depths at low-water datum are about 14.5 feet for a width of about 100 feet and length of about 400 feet at a point about 400 feet above the lighthouse,' and about 16 feet at other portionsrof the channel. The head of navigation for boat traffic is a dam about 1 mile above the mouth of the river, placed by private parties prior to the adoption in 1876 of the first project for river improvement. The depths are fairly uniform throughout the navigation season, except for the fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure. The total expenditures under the existing project are $21,511.14 for new work and $42,195.34 for maintenance, a total of $63,706.48. Local cooperation.-Priorto the time work of improvement was undertaken by the United States the Alpena Harbor Improvement CG., acting under a charter granted by the State of Michigan in 1636 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 1865, improved the mouth of the river by building piers and by dredging. The piers were formed of cribs sunk with stone and having a superstructure of slabs. The amount expended by this company and its successor was about $40,000, and a depth of 11 feet was secured. Some dredging was also done during the spring of 1875 by private parties at a cost of about $3,000, and since the im- provement of the harbor was begun by the United States dredging has been done by private parties at various times. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires local interests to deed to the United States, free of cost, about 830 linear feet of dock on the south side and about 750 linear feet on the north side of the entrance channel, and a strip of land 75 feet wide measured from the face of the docks. It is expected that this will be done in time to permit the commencement of work this season. Terminal facilities.-There are docks for total lengths of about 2,000 feet on the right bank and about 2,100 feet on the left bank. These docks are privately owned, but only about 800 feet. length of that on the right bank is open to public use on equal terms. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement upon local freight rates has been very beneficial, as it is estimated that they have been decreased considerably since the improvements were made. Proposed operations.-The new work of widening the entrance channel and the maintenance work of restoring project dimensions in other portions of the channel will be commenced this season. This work involves the removal of about 62,000 cubic yards of material, and at the rate of 25,000 cubic yards per month the work should be completed by June 30, 1920. The commencement of dock repairs and breakwater construction must await the transfer by local interests to the United States of the necessary property rights in accordance with the requirements of the appropriation act. It is expected, how- ever, that this will be accomplished in time to permit the commence- ment of the work during the fiscal year 1920, in which case it will all be included in one contract and completed during the fiscal year 1921, when all funds will be exhausted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the harbor consists of fish, coal, and miscellaneous merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ..................... 1 41,412 $3,604,806 1917...-.... ......... 1,314,310 $3,795,402 1915...................... 1,166, 770 3,121,282 1918-........ ........ 1,301,730 4,126,725 1916 ........ ....... 842,528 2,509,952 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. During the past year RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1637 79,480 tons of freight, having a value of $943,150, used the improved section of the harbor. The increase in value of commerce during 1918 was mainly due to the greater value of commodities handled by the Michigan Alkali Co. Some of the merchandise was carried by rail, as in former years. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting re- ceipts from sales, etc., amounting to $225: New work_--- ----------------------------------- $40, 399. 84 Mainteanee --------------------------- 42, 195. 34 Net total expended_____________------- - ------ 82, 595. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report ___________________ 164, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. ............ ... .... ... ........... 67 Expended for maintenance 1............. $4,954. 59 $33.86 ............ $194.85 6,972.35 Total expended 1................. 4, 954.59 33.86 ......... . 194.85 7,183.02 5,000.00 Appropriated or allotted.................. 2,000.00 $2,000.00 5,000.00 79,500.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-_ $9, 087. 84 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918, 7,000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and habor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 72,500. 00 88, 587. 84 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ------------------------------ $210. 67 For maintenance __ 6, 972. 35 7,183. 02 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended 81, 404. 82 10. SAGINAW RIVER, MICH. (B5). Location and description.-This river is formed by the union of the Tittabawassee and Shiawassee Rivers at the southerly limits of the city of Saginaw, flows in a northerly direction a distance of 22 mites, and discharges into the south end of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. The total area of the drainage basin is about 6,300 square miles. The discharge of the river at high water is 66,394 cubic feet per second. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish. The fall in the entire length of the river is less than 1 foot. The average width is 700 feet. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5. Original condition.-Prior to improvement the entrance to the river was obstructed by a bar in Saginaw Bay having a minimum depth of water over it of about 9 feet. Between the mouth and Bay City the depth varied from 15 to 30 feet. Thence to the head' of the river there were a number of shoal places having only 7 feet of water over them. The river was navigable throughout its entire length. Preiouspojects.-The original project was authorized by the act of June 23, 1866, and subsequent modifications by the acts of June 1638 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGI1EERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 23, 1874, June 18, 1878, March 3, 1879, August 2, 1882, and August 5, 1886. The total amount expended on all projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910, was $962,556.26, which can not: now be separated into the amounts for new work and mainte- nance. For further details of previous projects see page 1957 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 181 feet deep and 200 feet wide from Saginaw Bay to the mouth of the river, 44 miles, and thence 161 feet deep to the junction with the Tittab aae River, 22 miles. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. Each year the level of the river rises and falls about 3 feet. Spring freshets and excessive rains may cause an abnormal rise of as much as 14 feet. Occasionally a considerable change takes place within a few hours, resulting from the raising or lowering of Saginaw Bay by violent winds. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $786,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 740, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the locality is in the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The wing dams and revetments were completed in 1891, and have deteriorated considerably. The dredging of the river was completed iln 1914. The controlling depth at project reference plane was 16 feet as shown by examination dur- ing 1916. The river is navigable for its entire length, and the same draft is usually practicable throughout the navigation season. The expenditures under the existing project are $771,134.94 for new work and $174.72 for maintenance, a total of $771,309.66. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At the cities of Bay City and Saginaw, about 13 miles apart on the Saginaw River, there were formerly several thousand feet length of docks on both sides of the river in use by the lumber industry, which are no longer kept in repair. At present the lengths of docks in a fair state of repair and in use are about 2,000 feet at Bay City and 1,000 feet at Saginaw. These docks are privately owned and are understood to be open to all vessels upon equal terms. Between Bay City and Saginaw there are a num- ber of small docks, privately owned, and so used as landing places for motor boats and pleasure craft. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The precise effect of the improvement upon freight rates can not be stated. It is possible that freight rates, both to Bay City and Saginaw, have been lowered by the ex- istence of the improved channel. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed and no estimate of funds is submitted. The amount available is sufficient to take care of any maintenance work that may be necessary. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1639 Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this river consists mainly of lumber products, sand, fish, and coal. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... 163,900 $1,930,782 1917................ ... 151,432 $1,925,377 1915 ..................... 155,965 1,867,927 1918.................... 107,141 1,773,802 1916...................... 138,828 1,762,771 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. Financialsanmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $715: New work__ -------------------------------------------- $1, 733, 691. 20 Maintenance________ _ _ 174. 72 Net total expended-----------------------------------1, 733, 865. 92 Total appropriations to date of this report _____ 1, 38, 750.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1....... ........ $157,503.44 ........... . ..................... Expended for maintenance '... $166.13 $8.59 ........... ........ Appropriated or allotted ................................................. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ ------------------------------ $4, 884. 08 ------------------------ July 1, 1919, balance unexpended___ 4, 884. 08 11. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT HARBOR BEACH, LAKE HURON, MICH. (B6). Location and description.-This harbor is located on the west shore of Lake-lHuron, about 60 miles north of the city of Port Huron. No harbor originally existed at this locality, the present harbor being an artificial one formed by breakwaters of cribwork filled with stones so located in the lake as to shelter a water area of about 650 acres. The harbor has an extreme length of about 6,000 feet and width of about 4,500 feet. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5. Original condition.-Before the construction of the harbor of refuge, a dock had been built out into the lake from the shore, and vessels landed at this dock when weather conditions permitted. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the formation of a harbor of refuge with an entrance channel 23 feet deep and 600 feet wide, and 1640 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. an anchorage area approximately 3,000 feet long and 1,200 feet wide, 21 feet deep, protected by stone-filled timber crib breakwaters, the main breakwater to be 4,716 feet long, the north one to be 1,804 feet long and attached to the main breakwater, and the south one to be 1,956 feet long. The project depth is referred to a stage 579.6 feet above mean tide at New York, and 2 feet below mean level of the lake, 1860-1875. The normal elevation of the water surface in Lake Huron varies from year to year. During each year the level is sub- ject to a seasonal rise and fall, the lowest stages prevailing during the winter months and'the highest during the summer months. In the last five years the highest stage has been 1.69 feet above datum and the lowest 0.38 foot below datum. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $1,658,550. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, adopted the site and made pro- vision for the harbor (Annual Report for 1873, p. 292); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for closing the north entrance and dredging the main entrance and the anchorage area (H. Doc. No. 1700, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project docu- -nent. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Two contracts were in force for riprapping the main and south breakwaters on the lake side, but work was carried on under but one, operations being sus- pended on the other owing to the contractor's financial inability to continue. The one contract was completed on June 25, 1919. A total of 44,209 tons of stone, large and small, was placed to form the riprap, and about 988 linear feet of oak fenders were renewed on the harbor side of the main breakwater. Repairs were made to the timber wall on the lake side of the south breakwater for a total length of 200 feet. This work was done by hired labor at a cost of $260. During the fiscal year $95,439.03 was expended as follows: New work, $1,724.62, applied to preliminary work in connection with dredging the harbor and closing the north entrance under new project; and maintenance, $93,714.41, of which the sum of $87,417.59 was applied to riprapping the breakwaters, and $6,296.82 to office, supervision of harbor work, and incidental expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 90 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the closing of the north entrance to the harbor, dredg- ing-the main entrance to 23 feet, and dredging designated anchorage area to 21 feet. The breakwaters were completed in 1885, afford- ing an artificial harbor of refuge, which has a controlling depth of 18 feet at its entrance, and an area of about 72 acres with depths of 19 feet and over at project reference plane, as shown by examina- tion made in January, 1918. Riprap protection has been placed on the lake face of the breakwaters for a length of about 4,500 feet. An additional length of about 1,700 feet still needs protection, of which about 125 feet are included in a contract, the termination of which by supplemental agreement has been authorized owing to the financial inability of the contractor to continue. The total expendi- RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1641 tures are $973,658.85 for new work and $1,316,392.77 for maintenance, a total of $2,290,051.62. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is but one dock, about 500 feet long, within the harbor. This dock is privately owned, but it is open to all vessels upon equal terms. Terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of termi- nal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The harbor has been a benefit to com- merce by affording a safe refuge to vessels in storms, thereby lessen- ing the risks of navigation, with a consequent favorable effect upon freight and insurance rates. The number and class of vessels that have sought shelter at this harbor are stated in the commercial statistics. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available bal- ance to new work of closing the north entrance to the harbor, deep- ening the main entrance to 23 feet, and the harbor basin area to 21 feet, to maintenance work of placing additional riprap along the lake face of the south breakwater, and.to custody of harbor. Specifications for the dredging have been prepared. The quantity of material to be removed is estimated at 314,000 cubic yards, bank measurement, and at a rate of about 25,000 cubic yards per month, it will require two seasons to complete the work. The work of closing the north entrance will be placed under contract next season and completed in 1921. All of the new work will therefore be completed by the end of the season of 1922. The expenses of custody and minor repairs will exhaust all maintenance funds by June 30, 1920. Estimate for additional funds for the custody and maintenance of the harbor, during the fiscal year 1921, is submitted as follows: Salary of custodian (one-half salary of junior engineer in local charge of contract work) $900 Operating expenses of harbor tug - 5, 000 Minor repairs to breakwater, ete-_-- 3, 500 Miscellaneous overhead expenses_ 600 Total - --- 10, 000 Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The local freight carried to and from the town of Harbor Beach, situated on this harbor of refuge, is given in the following table. It consisted of coal, fish, starch, and miscellane- ous merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914...................... 15,780 $321,747.35 .... 1917................. .. 25,794 $430,588.00 1915 ..................... 18,645 359,908.60 1918..................... 21,920 514,514.00 1916 ..................... 18,979 457,993.00 Vessels trading to this harbor load to a draft of about 12 feet. 1642 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The number and tonnage of vessels sheltered in the harbor of refuge at Harbor Beach, Mich., during the past five calendar years was as follows: Average Calendar year. Steam. Tow. Sail. Motor. Total. vessels of snnateam vessels. 1914......................... 185,165 26,149 1,268 950 213,532 359 715 1915........................ 209,545 41,225 4,003 881 255,654 391 718 1916........... .... ........ 190,773 30, 442 2,828 769 224,812 254 1,020 1917........ .............. 173,579 47,205 1,630 659 223, 073 283 886 1918. ..... ....... . 100, 950 44,110 418 382 145, 86 0 226 635 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4, 898. 21: New work ---------------------------------------------- $973, 658. 85 Maintenance_ -______-__--_ - ______ 1, 316, 392. 77 Net total expended ------------------------------------__ 2, 290, 051. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report_________ _______-- 2, 554, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1...... ........................ 6 ............. .$1,222.83 $1, 724. 62 Expended for maintenance Expended for maintenance 19..4......4.. 1.. .. 7 $7, 359.85 $60, 154.83 $53, 933.07 63, 422.12 93, 714.41 Total expended ................... 5985 6015483 5393307 64,644.95 95.439.03 Appropriated or allotted.................200,000.00. ... 12,000.00 100,000.00 106,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended___________________________- $253, 882. 41 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 --------------------------------------------------- 106, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919__-- -- ______ 5. 00 359, 887. 41 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work---------------------------------$1, 724. 62 For maintenance_ _----------------------------93, 714. 41 95, 439. 03 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-----___-------- 264, 448.38 _-------- July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ----- ____---- 31, 842. 57 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 26, 849. 53 58, 692. 10 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $2,703.73 available only for maintenance __--______---------____ _ _----------- 205, 756. 28 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_______________-______-___ i 10, 000. 00 12. BLACK RIVER, MICH. (B7). Location and description.-The Black River has its source in the northern part of Sanilac County, Mich., flows in a southerly and 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1643 easterly direction, passing through the city of Port Huron, and empties into the St. Clair River, about 21 miles below the foot of Lake Huron. It has a length of about 60 miles. The drainage area of the river is not known, nor its discharge. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish, the fall being practically nothing' The average width is 150 feet. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-In 1888, when the original survey was made, the lower reach of the river, from the mouth to the Grand Trunk bridge, varied in width from 120 to 150 feet, and had a depth of from 10 to 14 feet, except at a few points where it was obstructed by bars having only 82 feet of water over them. The river was navi- gable for boats of about 4 feet draft up to a point about 7 miles above the mouth and for skiffs and log rafts about 15 miles farther upstream. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 17 feet deep froml the mouth of the river to Washington Avenue and 160 feet wide at the mouth, decreasing to 100 feet wide about 800 feet from the mouth, thence 100 feet wide for 2,600 feet, decreasing to 75 feet wide for a distance of 6,300 feet at the upper end. The length of the section included in the project is 9,700 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. Each year the level of the river rises and falls from 4 to 6 feet, due to the fact that spring freshets raise the level considerably above the normal. The level also changes from day to day, due to winds, such changes amounting to several inches. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1891, is $75,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the chan- nel from the mouth to the Grand Trunk Railway bridge (Annual Report for 1889, p. 2291), and the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the section thence to Washington Avenue (no printed report). The latest published map is in House Document No. 436, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work has been done during the past year. The amount expended, $6.20, was for traveling expenses in connection with examination of a bridge crossing this river, nd chzirged as maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1894. The work consisted entirely of dredging. The con- trolling depth, as shown by examination in 1917, was 17 feet at project plane of reference. The head of navigation for boats of light draft is about 5 miles above the present upper limits of the im- provement. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the navigation season. The expenditures are $34,698.65 for new work and $64,070.18 for maintenance, a total of $98,768.83. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The upper portion of the river has been dredged a number of times by private parties, the total amount expended on this work being about $9,000. Ternminal facilities.-There are docks on both sides of Black River from its mouth for a length of about 1,000 feet, and between these 1644 . REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. docks and the upper limit of improvement (about 8,700 feet) there are five docks varying in length from 100 feet to 500 feet. All docks are privately owned, and they are believed to be restricted to the use of the owners. The present terminal facilities are considered ade- quate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has .been to reduce to some extent the freight rates on the local commerce. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed and no estimate of funds is submitted. The amount available is sufficient to provide for any maintenance work that may be necessary. Recommended modifications of project.--A recommendation is now pending before Congress (see H. Doc. No. 436, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) to extend the project to include necessary dredging to maintain the project depth to deep water in St. Clair River. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consists mainly of coal, pulp wood, sand and gravel, lumber, and miscellaneous merchandise. Co( paiatire statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ..................... 123,673 $504,825 1917.............- ...... .. 80,006 $37.1,989 1915.................... 126, 890 796,846 1918.......... .......... 137,277 1,024,322 1916.................... 117,790 377,718 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. The increase in value and amount of commerce during 1918 was mainly due to increase in the items of soft coal and pulpwood because of greater activities of the Port Huron Fiber Works. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $224: New work--------------------------------- $34, 698.65 Maintenance---------------------------------------------- 64, 070. 18 Net total expended -------------------------------------- 98, 768. 83 Total appropriations to date of this report-..... 101, 573.96 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................... ......... Expended for maintenance ............. $3, 820.38 $522.43 $160.11 $26, 015.10 $6.20 Appropriated or allotted...... ...... . 5,00.00 ......... ... 25 ,000.00 ........ ....... t Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended._ _- ------ $2, S11. 33 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance _ 6. 20 JUly 1, 1919, balance unexpended __ . 2. 805. 13 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1645 13. C(ILINTON RIVER, MICH. (BS). Location and description.-This river has its source in Oakland County, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and empties into Anchor Bay, in the northwestern part of Lake St. Clair. It is about 60 miles long. The drainage area is about 600 square miles. The discharge is not known. The river is nontidal and the current is sluggish, the fall being practically nothing in the improved portion. Average width is 200 feet. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-Before improvement the river had a depth of about 10 feet, except at several shoals over which but 5 or 6 feet could be carried, and there was a broad flat at the mouth with a gen- eral depth of 3 to 4 feet over it. The river was navigable for boats of about 5 feet draft up to about 2 miles above the city of Mount Clemens, and for skiffs and log rafts about 15 miles farther up- stream. Previous projects.-The original improvement was authorized by act of August 30, 1852, and subsequent modifications by acts of July' 11, 1870, and March 3, 1881. Prior to commencement of work under the existing project, in 1886, $25,500 was expended for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1958 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 60 feet wide at the mouth, decreasing to 50 feet wide in the river from the 8-foot contour in Lake St. Clair to and up the river to Mount Clemens, 42,500 feet; for a pile dike 2,500 feet long to protect the channel in Lake St. Clair; for closing the old channel and making a cut-off at Shoemakers Bend; for closing Catfish Channel; and for the construction of revetments as needed in the river. The length of the section of the river included in the project is about 40,000 feet, and in the lake about 2,500 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake St. Clair, which is taken at 573.8 feet above mean tide level at New York. Each year the level of the river rises and falls from 6 to 9 feet, due to spring freshets. From day to day the level changes somewhat. due to winds, such changes occasionally amounting to over a foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1889, is $34,564. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886 (S. Doc. No. 199, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 2062; and H. Doc. No. 210, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report.for 1885, p. 2190). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 1999. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the past year, and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed, the dredging having been completed in 1891, and the construction of the dike and revetments in 1893. Both of the latter have deterio- rated very much. The controlling depth is about 6 feet, as shown by examination during 1916. The head of navigation for light-draft boats is about 2 miles above the present upper limits of the improve- ment. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the navi- 1646 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. gation season. The total expenditures under the existing project are $34,546.26 for new work and $40,703.57 for maintenance, a total of $75,249.83. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In the spring of 1884 the people of Mount Clemens contributed to a fund, which was expended in deepening the channel from the lake to that city. The city also deeded to the United States for a nominal sum the land needed to rectify the channel at Shoemakers Bend. Terminal facilities.-There is one dock of about 300 feet-length at the city of Mount Clemens, owned by that city, which is open to all vessels upon equal terms. There are also a number of privately owned docks, and so used, of 100 feet maximum length along the 7 miles of river below the city. These terminal facilities are con- sidered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement on freight rates can not be determined. * Proposed operations.-No work is proposed as it is believed the present depth will satisfy the limited navigation requirements. The available balance is sufficient to provide for such maintenance work as may be necessary. Recommnended modiflcations of project.-A recommendation is now pending before Congress (see H. Doc. No. 1014, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) for the reduction of the project depth from 8 to 6 feet in this stream. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consists of coal, coke, gravel, sand, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... 14,108 $40,872 1917...................... 10,778 $108,926 1915..................... 14, 352 31,777 1918..................... 11, 615 120,890 1916.............-.. ..... 10,946 29,017 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work------------------ - $60,046.26 Maintenance-_ --------------------------------------------- 40, 703. 57 Net total expended--------------------------------------100, 749. 83 Total appropriations to date of this report 749. 83 1--------103, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work... ........................................ Expended for maintenance ................ $0.70 $1, 065.03 $1,265.23 ............ Appropriated or allotted............ ...... .... 185.83 1..., $1,500.00 $1,500.00 ...... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended---- $3, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--.---_- - ------ 3, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1647 14. ROUGE RIVER, MICH. (B9). Location and description.-The Rouge River rises in Oakland and Washtenaw Counties, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and emp- ties into the Detroit River at the southerly limits of the city of Detroit. The river is about 30 miles in length. The drainage area is about 450 square miles. The discharge is not known. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish, the fall being practically nothing in the improved portion of the river. Average width, 160 feet. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-At the time of original survey a least depth of 1.2 feet was found over the bar at mouth, although there was a fairly well-defined entrance channel having depths of from 9 to 12 feet. Inside the mouth the depths varied from 10 to 17 feet up to the Wabash bridge, a distance of about 3 miles. The river was about 300 feet wide at the mouth, narrowing to 175 feet at a distance of 1,200 feet from the mouth, and had a uniform width of about 175 feet in the channel now under improvement. The river was navigable for vessels of light draft to the town of Dearborn 15 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, and provided for a channel 16 feet deep and 240 feet wide at the mouth, tapering to 100 feet at a distance of 800 feet from the mouth and continuing 100 feet wide to the Wabash bridge. (Annual Report for 1887, pp. 2275-2278.) Joint resolution of April 11, 1898, extended the improvement to Maples Road with a depth of 13 feet and no specified width. (H. Doc. No. 138, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2605.) The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, provided for a channel 21 feet deep from the mouth to the first bridge. (H. Doc. No. 289, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) The expenditures prior to the adop- tion of the existing project in 1917 were $50,082.49 for new work and $56,607.51 for maintenace, a total of $106,690. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 21 feet deep and 200 feet wide from that depth in Detroit River through the " short- cut canal " to Maples Road under plan A, or from that depth in the Detroit River at the mouth of the Rouge through the natural channel of the river to Maples Road under plan B (to be determined by the Secretary of War); and for a channel 22 feet deep from the mouth of the river to the second bridge, a distance of about 1,800 feet, with a width of 240 feet at the mouth, tapering to 100 feet at a distance of 800 feet from the mouth, and a channel 17 feet deep and 100 feet wide from this second bridge to junction with the 21-foot channel in case plan A is adopted. The length of the section covered by the project is 4-1 miles. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. The level of this river, except during floods, changes with the level of the Detroit River, which fluctuates to an average extent of about 1.5 feet during the navigation season. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1917, is $490,000 for plan A or $545,000 for plan B, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance for the 22-foot channel at mouth (1905) is $3,000, and for plan A (1917) is $5,000. 125851. e .104 1910----- 1648 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the 17-foot section (Annual Report for 1887, pp. 2275-2278); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the 22-foot channel at the mouth of the river (H. Doc. No. 289, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 21-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 2063, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map isin the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-An examination was made during May, 1919, to determine depths at the mouth of the river. A portion of this channel was later redredged to project depth, under written notice and written acceptance, and 3,995 cubic yards of material were removed at a cost of $1,350. Specifications have been prepared and approved for the straightening, widening, and deepening of the channel to Maples Road, in anticipation of an early compliance by local interests with the cooperation require- ments stated in the appropriation act. The suitable turning basin at the upper end of the improvement, to be provided by local inter- ests, has been nearly completed. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $4,084.21, of which $2,618.71 was for sur- veys and expenses in connection with new work and $1,465.50 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Nothing except preliminary work has been done on the existing project pending accomplishment of the requirements mentioned in Local cooperation. The previous project was completed in 1907. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year are 19 feet for 800-foot length from the mouth, thence 16 feet to the Solvay Bridge, 13 feet to the Wabash Bridge, and 10 feet to Maples Road, for a minimum width, except at bridges, of 100 feet. Throughout the greater portion of the improvements com- mercial docks protect, one or both banks of the river, and they are kept in serviceable condition by their owners. The head of naviga- tion is determined by a temporary fixed bridge located about 2,600 feet above Maples Road, which is the upper limit of the improve- ment. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the naviga- tion season. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year are $4,265.39.for new work and $3,618.52 for mainte- nance, a total of $7,883.91. Local cooperation.-The act of August 8, 1917 (see H. Doc. No. 2063, 64th Cong., 2d sess.), requires local interests to assume the cost of all necessary rights of way, alteration of bridges, and incidental damages, and to provide a suitable turning basin free for public use at the upper end of the improvement. Substantial progress has been made, and present indications are that the necessary rights of way will be provided by local interests either by purchase or condemna- tion during the present summer. Similarly, and at the same time., it is anticipated that the conditions relating to alteration of bridges and incidental damages will be covered by an acceptable bond to be furnished by local interests. The turning basin at the upper end of the improvement is practically completed. Terminal facilities.--There is an iron ore dock near the river's mouth which is equipped with unloading machinery, and the Ford Motor Co. has an ore dock of about 2,000 feet length under con- RIVERS AND HARBORS DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1649 struction near the head of the river improvement which will be equipped with the most improved type of unloaders. These docks have good railroad connections. Along the stretch of river of about 32 miles length between these ore docks there are five docks owned by sand and gravel companies which have unloading machinery and three lumber docks which are not so equipped. There are also a number of smaller docks for the use of launches and rowboats. All docks along the river are privately owned and understood to be restricted to the use of the owners. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improv eme't.-As a result of this improvement the area suitable for the establishment of manufacturing plants in the vicinity of Detroit has been greatly enlarged and freight rates to points along the river have been materially reduced. Proposed operations.-It is expected that all requirements regard- ing the cooperation of local interests will be complied with so that the new work of straightening, widening, and deepening the channel to Maples Road may be placed under contract this season, except for a small area at each bridge. This work involves the removal of about 2,375,000 cubic yards of material, and at an average rate of 250,000 cubic yards per month it will be completed during the season of 1921, when the funds for this work will be exhausted. It is also expected that maintenance dredging at the mouth of the river will exhaust the small amount now available for this purpose by the end of the next fiscal year. The estimate for additional funds is intended to provide for maintenance dredging at the mouth of the river during the fiscal year 1921. Annual dredging to the extent of 4,000 to 6,000 cubic yards has been required during the past few years in order to main- tain project depth in the channel near its junction with the Detroit River. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consists mainly of gravel and sand, iron ore, petroleum, products, stone, pulp wood, and lumber. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.................... 1,439,932 $3,301,782 1917..................... 1,954,470 $7,232,039 1915. ................. 1, 651,823 3,759,224 1918........... ........ , 850, 391 8, 851,731 19168. .................... 1,415, 550 5, 229, 589 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. The increase in value ,of commerce for 1918 is mainly due to an increase in petroleum prod- ucts, while there was a decrease in other more bulky but cheaper commodities. 1650 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work _ ----------------------------------------- $54, 347. 88 Maintenance _----------------------------------------- 60, 226. 03 Net total expended --------------------------------- 114,573.91 Total appropriations to date of this report 03, 690. 00 6-------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................ ....... .......... ... ........... $1, 646. 68 $2, 618.71 Expended for maintenance ........................... 8623.25 . 5,560.27 2, 211. 49 1, 465.50 Total expended .............................. 623.25 5,560.27 3,858.17 4,084.21 Appropriated or allotted............... .... ....................... 497,000.00 ......... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended___________ _____________ _ $493, 200. 30 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__________________________ $2,618.71 For maintenance_________________________ 1, 465. 50 4, 084. 21 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---------------------------_ 489, 116. 09 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities __----___---- ------ -------- 89. 40 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $3,381.48 available only for maintenance_____---__-_________-__ 489, 026. 69 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, '1921, for maintenance-------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 15. MONROE HARBOR, MICH. (B10). Location and description.-The harbor is located on the lower reach of the Raisin River, which rises in the western part of Lenawee County, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and empties into Lake Erie about 18 miles from the city of Toledo, Ohio. The river is about 70 miles long. The river varies in width from 100 to 300 feet, and the improved portion is about 12,000 feet in length. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-In its natural condition the river flowed into Lake Erie through several ponds and winding creeks and the depth of water at the deepest mouth did not exceed 5 feet. The harbor was not available for purposes of commerce prior to improvement. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide from Lake Erie to the lower wharves at Monroe, a distance of about 13,000 feet, involving a cut-off at the mouth of the river, the protection of the lakeward end of the channel by stone- filled timber-crib piers 20 feet wide and 1,040 and 410 feet long, respectively, and for revetting the sides of the canal. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York. The level of the river varies with that of Lake Erie, which fluctuates irregularly from year to year, the greatest annual fluctuation being 2.28 feet and the least 0.87 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1651 revised in 1871, is $68,485. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of February 24, 1835, and modified by the act of June 10, 1872 (Annual Report for 1872, p. 237). The latest published map is in House Document No. 391, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the past year, and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The piers and revetments were completed in 1845 and dredging the channel to 11 feet in 1873. The piers are in fair condition, but the revetments have deteriorated con- siderably. The controlling depth at the project plane of reference is about 6 feet, as shown by examination during 1916. The head of navigation is the upper limit of the improvement at Monroe. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the navigation season. The expenditures are $261,836.18, of which $164,639.41 was applied to new work and $97,196.77 to maintenance. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Subsequent to 1845 the city of Monroe improved the river channel by cutting a canal about 1,300 feet long, 100 feet wide, and with a depth of from 13 to 16 feet across a bend of the river. Terminal facilities.-The Government piers at the entrance to the harbor are used as a landing place for launches, and at the city of Monroe, about 2 miles above the entrance, there are privately owned docks of about 850 feet length. It is understood that these docks are open to all vessels upon equal terms. The terminal facilities are ade- quate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-It is not believed that the improvement has had any effect upon freight rates, as the commerce of the stream is so small. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed, as none is required, the channel having ample depth for the commerce of the river. Recommended modifications of project.-Recommendation has been made to Congress that the improvement above the inner ends of the piers be abandoned and that the project be limited to the maintenance of the piers and of a channel 8 feet deeD at low water and 100 feet wide from the 8-foot contour in the lake to the inner ends of the piers at an estimated cost of $1,000 every five years. (See H. Doc. No. 391, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river during the past year consisted only of fish, and even that industry was less active than in former years. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 191.4 ............... 2,350 $58,025 1917.................. .. 7,960 $93,740 1915..................... 8,489 110,000 1918................. .... 282 35,750 1916...................... 9,110 91,350 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. 1652 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work -------- ---- ---- $164, 639. 41 Maintenance --------------------------------------------- 97, 196. 77 Net total expended-------------------------------------- 261, 836.18 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 262, 015. 27 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........................................... ... Expendel for maintenance................. $375.86 ............. $114.71 ............ Appropriated or allotted ... .................................................... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended $179. 09 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-- - ------------- 179. 09 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $46,287.21: New work , 344, 742. 60 $3------------------------------------ Maintenance ---------------- 1, 629, 444. 01 Net total expended ----------------------------------- ___ 4, 974, 186. 61 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 5, 825, 779. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1................ $177, 158. 62 ........ - 1------ ......... $2, 869. 51 $4, 354.00 Expended for maintenance 1........... 16, 513.79 $62, 565. 53 $61, i64. 02 91, 849. 81 102, 320. 11 _i i Total expended i.................... 193,672.41 62, 565.53 61,054.02 94,719.32 106,874.11 AppropriateI or allotted................... 210,000.00 3, 185.83 153, 500.00 603, 500.00 185, 500. 00 ' Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_____________________________ $772, 961. 56 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 113, 000.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 --------------------------.- _ 72, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919___ 5.00 958, 406. 56 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year;: For new work_ $4, 554. 00 For maintenance__ ---- 102, 320. 11 106, 874. 11 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --- 851, 592. 45 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ...- - 31, 931. 97 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contructs 26, 849. 53 58, 781. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $23,200.70 available only for maintenance__________________________ 792, 810. 95 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance________________________ 18, 000. 00 Y Cost of maintenance since 1872; impracticable to separate expenditures prior to that date. 2Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8'Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1653 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. This district comprises the south shore of Lake Erie from Toledo Harbor on the west to Conneaut Harbor on the east, both inclusive. District engineers: Col. D. W. Lockwood, U. S. Army, retired, to April 30, 1919, and Lieut. Col. R. R. Raymond, Corps of En- gineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Toledo Harbor, Ohio (Al)_ 1653 7. Cleveland Har b or, Ohio 2. Port Clinton Harbor, Ohio (A7) ------------------ 1672 (A2) -------------------- 1657 8. Fairport Harbor, Ohio (A8)_ 1678 3. Sandusky Harbor, Ohio (A3)_ 1659 9. Ashtabula H a r b o r, Ohio 4. Huron Harbor, Ohio (A4)___ 1663 (A9) ------------------- 1681 5. Vermilion Harbor, Ohio (A5)_ 1666 10. Conneaut H a r b o r, Ohio 6. Lorain Harbor, Ohio (A6)_-1668 (A10) -- 1685 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 3323 TO :'34). 1. TOLEDO HARBOR, OHIO (Al). Location and description.-Toledo Harbor comprises the lower 7 miles of Maumee River and the channel about 9 miles long through Mauimee Bay to Lake Erie, and has a width of from 650 to 1,800 feet in the river and of 400 feet in the bay. It is located at the westerly end of Lake Erie, 99 miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-The general depth in Maumee Bay was about 10 feet below low-water datum, but frequent shoals with a minimum depth of 6.5 feet rendered navigation difficult. A well-defined chan- nel existed in Maumee River. For about 6 miles above the mouth of the river the minimum depth of this channel was 12 feet, thence upstream to the head of navigation at Perrysburg, Ohio, a farther distance of about 8 miles, the minimum depth was about 4 feet. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 23, 1866, July 5, 1884, August 5, 1886, July 13, 1892, and August 18, 1894. The total amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 was $1,624,695.45 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of previous projects see page 1959 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 400 feet wide and 21 feet deep from deep water in Lake Erie through Maumee Bay and Maumee River to Fassett Street bridge, a distance of 15 miles; thence 200 feet wide and 19 feet deep for a.distance of 1 mile, termi- nating in a turning basin 500 feet wide;, and for a stone-revetted earth dike, 1,000 feet long, to form a foundation for range lights in Maumee Bay. The project depths are referred to low-water datum 1654 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 20.2 and 18.2 feet, respectively, on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 4 feet above to 2 feet below low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 9 feet above to 6.5 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $1,505,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1914) approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance is $35,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the section above Fassett Street bridge (H. Doc. No. 198, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2693) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, pro- vided for the section below that bridge (H. Doc. No. 865, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 3056. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging in the straight channel through Maumee Bay was done with U. S. dredge Burton to the extent of 298,181 cubic yards, and 5,156 cubic yards of material was removed from the river channel below the Terminal railroad bridge. Expenditures, all for maintenance, were: Dredging ---------------------------------------------- $38,168. 18 Maintenance of field office, harbor supervision, and a part of the administrative expenses of the district----------------------- 3, 135. 25 Total ______________________--- -_ 41,303.43 Condition at end of fiscal year. The existing project is about 97 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. A channel 400 feet. wide and 21 feet deep at low-water datum, extending from deep water in the lake through Maumee Bay and River up to Fassett Street Bridge, a distance of 15 miles, was completed in October, 1915. The full width of the channel has not been maintained, depths on both sides varying from 16 to 21 feet. Above Fassett Street Bridge a channel 100 feet wide and 19 feet deep has been obtained, but since this portion of the river has fallen into complete disuse commercially there is no apparent need for completing and maintaining the im- provement in this locality, and depths have decreased to about 17 feet. The dike in Maumee Bay was completed in 1906, and is in fair condition. The earth filling has been washed out to a considerable extent and a few, of the paving stones have been displaced. The controlling depth is 21 feet at low-water datum up to Fassett Street Bridge, and 17 feet for 1 mile farther upstream. The total expendi- tures under the .existing project amounted to $1,676,009.92, of which $1,267,406.91 was for new work and $408,603.01 was for maintenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is im- practicable to separate them. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The city of Toledo has expended about $300,000 in dredging and bulkhead construction, which has resulted in providing a lagoon near the mouth of the river suitable for the RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1655 winter mooring of vessels and in the maintenance of a channel through Swan Creek, which empties into Maumee River within, the limits of the Federal project. Local private interests have expended about $450,000 for dredging outside of the Government channel. Two large railroad terminals for the handling of ore and three for coal are open to shippers of these commodities. One large private ore terminal ships by rail to other companies a small percentage of the ore received. Two fuel docks and three docks with elevator facilities for handling grain do a public business. Two pipe-line docks for shipment of oil, four lumber docks, and four fish docks are private. Two package freight terminals are owned or leased by companies operating regular lines of vessels for public use. Considerable wharf frontage is owned by railroads which is available for the transship- ment of miscellaneous cargoes, such as lumber, etc., to and from cars. Of 13 sand and gravel docks, four are for public use. Four docks at street ends are owned by the city of Toledo, at which freight may be loaded or unloaded free of charge, no storage allowed. The Toledo Shipbuilding Co. has two large dry docks and facilities for building and repairing the largest lake vessels. There is one other smaller dry dock and shipyard. Terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improved channel has made the com- mercial development of Toledo Harbor possible, about 95 per cent of the tonnage being handled in vessels drawing 19 to 21 feet, whereas the natural channel was but 12 feet deep. Competition among vessel men as a result of these improvements has reduced rates on the principal commodities, ore and coal, below possible competition by railroads. Rail rates on grain and certain classes of packet freight are probably affected to an undetermined extent by vessel competition. Proposed operations.-Funds available will be expended for main- tenance dredging in the channel through Maumee Bay and for harbor supervision as follows: Operation of United States hopper dredge Burton, 4 months, 180,000 cubic yards ---------------------------------- _ $28,00( Engineering and office expenses and harbor supervision_------------_ 4, 501 Total ------------------------------------------- 32, 501 Available funds will be exhausted about April 1, 1920. The channel through Maumee Bay has shoaled to such an extent that in some places the project depth of 21 feet at low water datum is available for only about 200 feet width, or one-half the project width of 400 feet. Effort has been made during the past two years to main- tain a width of 300 feet. The channel is subject to conrstant sedi- mentation, the rate depending upon the condition of the Maumee River as to flood. The average fill is estimated at 300,000 cubic yards annually. Appropriations for maintenance have been in- sufficient to provide for maintaining full project dimensions of the channels. 1656 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. It is estimated that to keep the channel in a fairly satisfactory condition until June 30, 1921, there will be required an appropria- tion of $35,000. Recommended modification of project.--None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The improvement of the Great Lakes har- bors and connecting channels has developed a type of vessel which could not have entered Toledo Harbor in its natural condition. Since fully 95 per cent of the freight handled on the Great Lakes is carried in vessels of this type it may be fairly stated that the commercial de- velopment of Toledo Harbor is attributable to facilities resulting from its improvement. During the calendar year 1918, 97 per cent of the total tonnage of the port was coal and iron ore, practically all of which was handled in vessels drawing 19 to 21 feet. All vessels entering Toledo Harbor pass through 9 miles of the 15 miles of im- proved channel and proceed upstream to the various docks located along the 6 miles of river channel below the Fassett Street Bridge. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. ,hort tons. Value. Passengers. year. 1914 .......... 7,166, 172 $22,286, 168 195,522 1917 .......... 13, 710, 238 $80, 318, 986 324,176 1915.......... 7,416,834 33,953,807 236,895 1918........ 13,769,388 86,990,512 211,335 1916.......... 10,335,530 40,931,248 297,145 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,729.54: New work-________ _____ _ _ - $2,892,102.36 Maintenance 408,603. -__________-___-_ 01 Net total expended-________ .3, 300, 705. 37 Total appropriations to date of this report ___ 3, 338, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 E.xpended for new work 1... .......... $94, 830.41 $81, 953.95 .--- Expended for maintenance 1............... 21, 931.02 21,009.54 $37,775.95 $34,380.32 $41,;303. 43 Total expended 1.......... .. 116,761.43 05, 963.9 37, 775.9534,380.32 41,303.43 Appropriated or allotted............... .. 170,000.00 ......... 30,000.00 25,000.00 70,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_4_ _ _- _ _ _ __ _ $9, 292. 93 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 35, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 35, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_ 5. 13 79, 298.06 June 30, 1919. amount. expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 41, 303. 43 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1657 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _____________________ 37,994. 63 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_----------------------------- 5,418. 23 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance_-- - 32, 576. 40 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance___________________________ 2 35, 000. 00 2. PORT CLINTON HARBOR, OHIO (A2). Location and description.-Port Clinton Harbor comprises the lower half mile of the Portage River, which empties into Lake Erie at a point 72 miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It is from 200 to 300 feet wide. See United States Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-Natural depths in the Portage River varied from about 10 feet, near its mouth, to 6 feet at Oak Harbor, the head of navigation, about 12 miles above the mouth. The width of the channel varied from 50 to 150 feet. Prior to improvement little use was made of the river for navigation purposes, for the reason that its mouth was partially obstructed by a sand bar, over which the depth was variable, but seldom more than 5 feet. The old river mouth was somewhat easterly from the present outlet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for parallel stone and pile jetties at the mouth of the river, the east jetty to be 2,200 feet long and the west jetty 1,980 feet long, extending to the 10-foot contour in the lake, and for dredging a channel to a depth of 10 feet and 100 feet wide except at the bridge, where it is to be widened to 200 feet for a length of 800 feet. The length of the channel is to be 5,000 feet, extending from 2,100 feet outside the jetties up to the highway bridge. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 9.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low- water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by wind and other causes, are from 6.5 feet above to 3 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1883, is $90,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. (See Annual Report for 1875, p. 295.) For latest pub- lished map, see House Document No. 815, Sixty-first Congress, sec- ond session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. Inspections and contingencies involved maintenance expendi- tures of $117.05. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. The jetties were completed in 1883, and the dredging in 1893. The jet- ties have deteriorated to such an extent that minor repairs will be necessary in the near future. The controlling depth, shown by SIncludes $74.66 reimbursable and unsettled. sExclusive of available funds. 1658 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. soundings of August, 1917, was 9 feet. Total expenditures under present project were $107,440.51, of which $71,949.86 was for new work and $35,490.65 was for maintenance since 1894, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are six private terminals at which fish, coal, sand, lumber, and logs have been handled. These are not open to public use. One dock at the foot of Madison Avenue is owned by the village of Port Clinton and is open to the public. One shipyard does a considerable business in the building of small boats and launches. Terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Such commerce as exists at this port has been made possible by the improvement of the river, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. It has never been sufficiently developed, however, to accommodate the large type of vessels which now handle the bulk commodities-iron ore and coal-which form the greater portion of lake commerce. There- fore, while of benefit to local small craft, the improvement has prob- ably not resulted in any reduction of either rail or water rates. Proposed operations.--Fundsavailable will be expended for emer- gency repairs to piers as may become necessary, and for engineering and harbor supervision. It is believed they will suffice for work of maintenance to June 30, 1921, and no estimate for additional funds is therefore submitted. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this port is compara- tively unimportant. It is a base for the fishing industry, and there is a limited traffic in lumber and coal. The limits of draft for loaded boats are from 5 to 10 feet. Ccnnparative statement. Calendar year. Short Value. Passehar-' Pgers.n- Calendar year . Value. gers. 1914 ................ ...... 6, 645 $222, 735 4, 283 1917 ............... 2,824 $133,192 3, 52& 1915................ 9, 009 162,795 2,000 1918............... 1, 372 205,550 4,970 1916 ................ 10,525 233,523 2,000 Financialsumdmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $74.18: New work__-----------------------------------------------$7, 949. 8 Maintenance------------------- ------------------------- 35, 490. 65 Net total expended-------------,- 107, 440. 51 Total appropriations to date of this report_ - _-108, 471. 29 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND OHIO, DISTRICT. 1659 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 'Expended for new work......... .. ....... i..........................- Expended for maintenance'.............. $532.42 $263.11 $347.77 $544.33 $117.05 Appropriated or allotted.................. 00.00 ............ 1,000.00 500.00 ........ July 1, 1918, balance unexpended _______________-- - _______ $1,122.83 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal :year 1919_______--- -- _ 25. 00 1, 147. 83 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance _ 117. 05 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended___________________________ 1, 030. 78 3. SANDUSKY HARBOR, OHIO (A3). Location and description.-Sandusky Harbor is located in the southeasterly portion of Sandusky Bay, a natural harbor, some 221 square miles in area, which opens into Lake Erie, and is about 57 miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the channel through the outer bar and through the bay, a distance of about 2 miles, and along the city front, which is developed for a distance of ,about 1 miles. See U. S. Lake !Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-Sandusky Bay was generally about 10 feet deep below low-water datum over its easterly portion, but shoal areas reduced the available depth for vessels approaching the city to a minimum of 7 feet. A sand bar extending from Sand Point on the north to Cedar Point on the south separated the bay from the lake. A mile outside of Cedar Point the depth over this bar was only 8 feet, but off Cedar Point depths as great as 34 feet obtained. At the upper or westerly end of Sandusky Bay the Sandusky River has its outlet. Depths in the bay up to the river mouth were about 8 feet; thence upstream to Fremont, the head of navigation, a distance of about 18 miles, a general depth of 8 feet obtained, although numerous shoals reduced the available depth to about 4 feet. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 11, 1844, June 23, 1866, March 3, 1873, July 5, 1884, August 11, 1888, and August 18, 1894. The total expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 was $477,149.09 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of previous projects see page 1960 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 400 feet wide and 21 feet deep from deep water in Lake Erie through Sandusky Bay, a distance of about 3 miles, to the city water front docks, thence along the water front, a channel about 11 miles in length, 300 feet wide and 21 feet deep in the easterly portion and 20 feet deep in the west- erly portion ending in a turning basin 550 feet wide, 21 feet deep; for protecting works consisting of a stone jetty on the easterly side of 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1660 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. the channel extending northeasterly from Cedar Point, a distance of 6,000 feet, with suitable pierhead; a short stone spur at Cedar Point; and for the revetment of the slope adjacent to the channel in the vicinity of the front range light with a brush-and-stone mattress. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low- water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 6 feet above to 2.5 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $1,366,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the channel protection works (H. Doc. No.-362, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2708) and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the latest dimensions of the dredged channel and of the east jetty and pierhead (H. Doc. No. 982, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the latter document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging was done with U. S. dredge Burton, principally in the outer bar and dock channels, and 27,759 cubic yards of material removed. Eleven obstructions were located in the dock channel and a depth of 18.5 feet at low-water datum obtained over them by blasting. Expendi- tures, all for maintenance, were: Dredging - $7, 485. 15 Locating and removing obstructions---- 594. 56 Supervision of the harbor and part of the administrative expenses of the district_ __ - _ 1, 902. 51 Total ___ 9, 982.22 Condition at end of iscal year.-A channel 19 feet deep at low- water datum and of the present project width and length was com- pleted in 1915. A length of 5,000 feet of the east jetty from Cedar Point was completed in 1915, and some rock dumped under water for a farther length of 700 feet. The short spur dike at Cedar Point and the revetment of channel slope near the frontrange light were completed in 1901. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is deepening the westerly dock channel to 20 feet, and the other channels to 21 feet at low-water datum; extending the east jetty to a total length of 6,000 feet; and constructing a pierhead at its outer end. The project is regarded as 70 per cent completed. The protecting works are generally in good condition. The con- trolling depth was 19 feet at low-water datum throughout the length of the outer, straight, and easterly dock channels, and 18 feet in the westerly dock channel. Total expenditures under the existing project were $847,464.38, of which $729,740.21 was for new work and $117,724.17 was for maintenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1661 Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires the city of Sandusky or other local interests to contribute $50,000 toward the cost of the new work: Sale of municipal bonds for this purpose has been authorized and city authorities have given assurance that $50,000 will be deposited with the United States within 30 days after being notified that the work will be started without undue delay. The city has expended approximately $50,000 in excavating rock from the channel in front of the city within the limits of the existing project. Terminal facilities.-The city of Sandusky has expended approxi- mately $110,000 in constructing two municipal wharves. One large coal terminal leased to private interests by the city of Sandusky is open to shippers, and handled 99 per cent of the tonnage shipped by water during 1918, or 87 per cent of the total receipts and shipments. One railroad terminal, open to public use, is equipped with coal-load- ing facilities, an elevator for handling grain, and large warehouse for miscellaneous freight. Two terminals with warehouses are used by regular vessel lines carrying passengers and miscellaneous freight, open to the public. Several fuel docks, privately owned, do a public business. One dock for stone, five for fish, and two for lumber are private. Three private docks, of which two are on Cedar Point, handle passengers and merchandise in connection with the summer resort in that locality. The city of Sandusky owns docks at two street ends, which can accommodate small boats and are open to the public. The facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a direct channel used by all vessels entering or leaving Sandusky Harbor about 12 feet deeper than the indirect natural channel. At least 82 per cent of the traffic of the port is conducted by vessels which avail themselves of the full project depth. Water rates on bulk commodities, except grain, have been reduced by im- proved conditions on the Lakes and by competition among vessel men below possible rail competition. Proposed operations.-Providedthat the work can be done within the limit imposed by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (40 per cent above the project estimates), and subject to the condition that the city of Sandusky contributes $50,000 (which has not yet been done), it is proposed to expend the funds available for new work as follows: Obtaining 20 feet depth in westerly dock channel: Rock drilling and blasting, 75,000 square feet, at 40 cents_ $30, 000 Dredging 108,125 cubic yards at 60 cents----------------64, 875 $94, 875 East jetty extension, 22,500 tons of stone, at $2 ------------------ 45, 000 Pierhead --------------------------------------- 40, 00 Dredging to 21 feet: Outer and straight channel, 125,625 cubic yards, at 20 cents ___ -_ 25, 125 Easterly dock channel, 25,000 cubic yards, at 20 cents-__ 5,000 30, 125 Contingencies, 10 per cent------------------------------------21, 000 Total (including $50,000 to be contributed by the city of San- dusky)_______________ 231, 000 -1662 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Available mantenance funds will be expended as follows: Dredging ------------------------------------------------- $10,000 Care and repair of plant -------------------------------------- 4, 500 Harbor supervision and office expenses--------------------------- 3, 040 Total ---------------------------------------- 17, 540 Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1920, provided the work can be done as outlined above. An estimate of $60,000 is submitted as the amount required for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The shipment of coal amounts to about 82 per cent of the total business of the harbor. Vessels engaged in this traffic draw from 19 to 20 feet, depending upon the stage of water available. The remainder of the commerce of the harbor is miscel- laneous in character and is handled by lighter-draft vessels. San- dusky is the base of supply and market for the neighboring islands, and a very considerable passenger business is carried on. Comparative statement. calendar tons. Calendar year. Short tons, Value. assen- Calendaryear. calrgers.gers. Short tons. Value. 1914.......... 3,129, 776 $12,778,376 1,605,700 1917.......... 4, 067,249 $19,432, 330 190, 472 1915............3,234, 8n5 12, 733,219 133,497 1918........... 2,983,369 13,527,875 232,245 1916............ 3,383,822 13, 377, 927 278, 847 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $278.08: New work ---------------------------------------- $1,206,889. 30 Maintenance---- ---------------------------------- 117, 724. 17 Net total expended-------------------------------- 1, 324, 613. 47 'Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 1, 523, 192. 00 Fiscal year ending June30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new wvork 1.......$..... 17, 874.63 .. Expended for maintenance 1.............. 8,005.32 $11,719.49 $11,783.39 $5, 129.53 $9, 982.22 Totalexpended 1................... 25,879.95 11, 719.49 11,783.39 5,129.53i 9,982.22 Appropriated or allotted ................... .010000.00 10,000.00 201,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. -July 1, 1918, balance unexpended--------------------------- $7, 560. 75 _Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__ 10, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919-- ------------------------------------------- 191, 000. 00 208, 560. 75 RIVERS AND HARBORS--CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1663 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ $9,982. 22 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended __________--_--__--_ 198, 578. 53 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ ---- __--______ 38. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $17,540.03, available only for maintenance _ 98, 540. 03 1-------------------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance__ -- ------------- 60, 000. 00 4. HURON HARBOR, OHIO (A4). Location and description.--Huron Harbor is located at the mouth of Huron River, which flows into Lake Erie 48 miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower mile of Huron River, from 150 to 300 feet wide; an outer harbor somewhat triangular in shape, 14 acres in area, about 1,000 feet long and from 300 to 900 feet wide, and a channel of approach from deep water to the entrance between the pierheads, about 2,000 feet long and 300 feet wide. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-Naturaldepths in Huron River were about 18 feet below low-water datum for about 1 mile above its mouth; thence to Milan, the head of navigation, 10 miles above the mouth, there was an available depth of about 8 feet. The channel had a general width of about 100 feet. The mouth of the river was, how- ever, closed by a sand bar, which prevented entrance during the greater part of the time. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of May 20, 1826, and September 19, 1890. The total amount expended thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1905 was $269,789.07. For further details of previous projects see page 1961 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a timber crib pier on the west side of the entrance channel, 1,970 feet long, and for a rubble- mound jetty on the east side, 1,750 feet long; for the removal of the old east pier; for widening the river from the lower slip of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad to its mouth to a least width of 200 feet; for constructing a new spur pier on the east side of the widened channel; for dredging a channel of approach 300 feet wide and 19 feet deep; and for dredging the area of about 14 acres sheltered by the west pier and east jetty to a depth of 19 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 1570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low-water datum, and ex- treme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5.5 feet above to 2.5 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $350,000, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1913) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the west pier, east 1Exclusive of available funds. 125851-ENG 1919-----105 1664 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. jetty, channel of approach, and dredging the sheltered area (H. Doc. No. 122, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for the removal of the old east pier, construction of new spur pier, and the river widening (H. Doc. No. 5, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging on the east side of entrance channel was done with U. S. dredge Burton, and 15,979 cubic yards of sand and mud removed. Expendi- tures, all for maintenance, were: Dredging ----------------------------------------------- $3, 250. 22 Harbor supervision, etc 22 1------------------------- Total------------------ ---------------------------- 3, 368. 44 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is regarded as 85 per cent completed. The work yet to be done is the widening of the river from the lower slip of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Co. to its mouth to a least width of 200 feet, removing the present east spur pier, constructing a new spur pier on the east side of the wid- ened channel, and dredging a portion of the outer harbor. The easterly rubble mound jetty and the west pier were completed in 1908, except the extension of west pier to shore in order to close the breach, provided for in the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, but was done is necessary maintenance measure in 1914, subsequent to submitting the recommendation to Congress. Dredging, except as provided for in the act of 1919, was completed in 1911. The west pier is in fair condition. The superstructure for a length of 1,190 feet is of timber and is rapidly deteriorating. The outer concrete section of west pier and the west pierhead showed considerable set- tlement, which was checked in 1915 by repairs then made. The east jetty and pierhead are in good condition. The sheltered area has not been maintained and has shoaled to about 13 feet. The con- trolling depth in the channel is 19 feet at low-water datum. The total expenditures under existing project were $314,549.66, of which $198,478.43 was for new work and $116,071.23 was for main- tenance. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that the land necessary for the river widening be donated and the necessary bulkhead constructed free of cost to the United States. The Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Co. has expressed its willingness to donate the land and construct the bulkhead. Terminal facilities.-The Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Co. has expended approximately $115,000 in deepening and maintaining the channel above the limits of the Federal improvement. This com- pany has a dock with a frontage of over 1 mile, which affords facili- ties for handling iron ore, coal, sand, and limestone, together with dock space for lumber, etc. This terminal does practically all of the business of the harbor, is equipped with suitable mechanical appli- ances, and is open to shippers of the commodities which can be handled. Two fish docks are private. The village of Huron owns a dock at the foot of South Street which can accommodate small boats and is open to the public. The facilities are regarded as ade- quate for the needs of existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO2 DISTRICT. 1665 Effect of the improvement.-The improvement has made com- mercial development possible, as in its natural condition the harbor was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Rail rates have been little affected by the improvement, as 96 per cent of the business of the port is the transshipment of iron ore and coal, the water rates on which have been so greatly reduced by improved conditions on the Great Lakes (of which the improvement of Huron Harbor is a part) as to preclude the possibility of rail competition. Proposed operations.-Fundsavailable will be expended as follows: New work: Removal of old east pier, 290 linear feet, at $20----------_ $5, 800 Removal of piles, etc., in railroad company's dock, 665 linear feet, at $3 1--------- , 995 Dredging, 85,000 cubic yards, at 23 cents---------------- 19, 550 Supervision and contingencies --- --- Reserve for new east pier (to be constructed only if found 2, 500 ----- necessary) -_ _ ------- 4, 655 Total_____ __ --- -- $34, 500 Maintenance: Dredging by U. S. dredge Burton, 15,000 cubic yards -. 3" Repairs to west pier---------------- ----------------- Care and repair of floating plant 1----------------------, 5'0 Harbor supervision__ -- O Total ----------------------------------------- ---- 8,920 Total for new work and maintenance-------------------- 43, 420 Available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1920. The area near the outer entrance requires some dredging annually on account of the drift of sand into the channel. This can be done most advantageously by Government plant. The needed repairs to west pier can not be completed with funds available. It is esti- mated that an additional appropriation of $5,000 will be required for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, to be ex- pended as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Burton__ ------------------------------ _ $3, 000 Repairs to west pier-------- --------------------------------- 1, 000 Engineering and office expenses, and harbor supervision------------ 1,000 Total_------- 5,000 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All vessels entering or leaving Huron Har- bor make use of the improvement. About 96 per cent of the business of the port is the transshipment of coal and iron ore. Vessels en- gaged in this trade have a draft of 19 to 21 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 .......... 1,407, 355 $3, 790, 343 1917-......... .. . 3,883,358 $17,393,888 1915......1............1,406,005 4,089,159 1918................. 4,128,327 18, 960,210 1916................... 2,869,066 8,519,198 1666 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $110.18: New work--------------- -------------------------- $468, 267. 50 Maintenance_----------------------------------------- 116, 071. 23 Net total expended----------- -- ____ 584, 338. 73 Total appropriations to date of this report ______________-______ 627, 773. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................... ....... .. ........ ...... .... _........ Expended for maintenance 1................. 12,156.54 $1,338. 05 $2,336.03 $3, 522.77 $3, 368.44 Appropriated or allotted................ 15,000.00 ............ 2,500.00 4,000.00 44,500.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------__ _--- $2, 303. 42 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__ 5, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by and allotted from river and harbor act ap- proved March 2, 1919 ---------------------------------_ 39, 500. 00 46, 803. 42 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 3, 368. 44 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _________ ____---- -_____ 43, 434.98 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_____________-_____________ 15. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $8,919.98 available only for maintenance __. __-_-__---_ --------- 43, 419. 98 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance---------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 5, VERMILION HARBOR, OHIO (A5). Location and description.--Vermilion Harbor is located at the mouth of Vermilion River, which empties into Lake Erie at a point about 39' miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower 3,000 feet of Vermilion River, which is about 125 feet wide, and a channel of approach from the lake, about 500 feet long and 100 feet wide. See Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-Only the lower reach of the river, about 1 mile in length, had sufficient natural depth to accommodate even small craft. For about 3,000 feet above its mouth the river channel was about 75 feet wide and from 6 to 10 feet deep below low-water datum, but the mouth itself was obstructed by a sand bar, over which the usual depth was about 2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for two parallel piers 125 feet apart, with an aggregate length of 2,200 feet, extending from the shore at the mouth of the river to a natural depth of 10 feet in the lake, and dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep below low-water datum between the piers and beyond them to deep water in the lake. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1667 depth of 11.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low- water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by wind or other causes are from 5 feet above to 2 feet below that plane. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1903, is $127,692. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, made the original authorization of work (no printed report) ; the act of March 3, 1875, authorized the 12-foot depth (Annual Report for 1874, p. 219); and the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the thorough repair of the piers) H. Doc. No. 252, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see page 2128, Annual Report for 1909. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was done. Maintenance expenditures, for inspections of the harbor and contingencies, amounted to $118.70. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted about 1878. The harbor works were generally in fair condi- tion at the end of the fiscal year. A mean depth of 11.5 feet at low water datum was available in the jettied channel and the approach thereto. The total expenditures under the existing project were $172,702.63, of which $133,277.55 was for new work and $39,425.08 was for maintenance (since 1903), prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-A small amount was expended by the village of Vermilion and local interests during the fiscal year 1915 for widening and deepening the river above the limits of the Federal project. There are four private fish docks in use and one private lumber dock not utilized at the present time. Fish was the only commodity handled by water at the harbor during 1918. The vil- lage of Vermilion owns docks at two street ends which can accommo- date small boats and are open to the public. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session. Terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. Effect of im'provement.-The improvement has made possible the limited use of Vermilion Harbor, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. The improvement has had no effect on either rail or water rates, as it does not provide facilities for the larger type of vessels which handle the greater part of the commerce on the Great Lakes. Vermilion is primarily a fish- ing harbor, and the facilities are sufficient for the conduct of this business. Proposed operations.-Fundsavailable will be expended for emer- gency repairs to piers, for maintenance dredging as may become necessary, and for engineering expenses and harbor supervision. It is believed that they will suffice for necessary work of maintenance to June 30, 1921, and no estimate for additional funds is therefore submitted. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not.previously reported.-None. 1668 REPORT- OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Commercial statistics.---Vermilion Harbor is almost exclusively used by the fishing interests. Fish tugs draw from 6 to 10 feet. All vessels entering or leaving Vermilion Harbor make use of the im- provement. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... 1,146 $112, 967 1917 ....... ........... 1,149 $137,880 1915..... .............. .. 982 78,576 1918..................... 1,092 141,960 1916 ..................... 711 71,100 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.82: New work ----------------------------------------- $133, 277. 55 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 39, 425.08 Net total expended-- ---------------------__ 172, 702. 63 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 175, 622. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 ... . . . . . . .. . . .. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Expended for new work 1.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . -. Expended for maintenance $2,820. 66 $179.34 $808.90 $1,152.42 $118.70 Appropriated or allotted................. 3,000.00 ............ 4,500.00 500 00 ..... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended _____----------- - -____ $3, 038. 80 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 118. 70 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ ----------------------------- 2, 920. 10 6. LORAIN HARBOR, OHIO (A6). Location and description.-LorainHarbor is located at the mouth of Black River, which flows into Lake Erie about 30 miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises an outer harbor created by breakwaters, which is some 60 acres in area, about 1,900 feet long, with an average width of 1,450 feet, and the lower 3 miles of Black River, which is from 160 to 350 feet wide. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-A natural channel about 100 feet wide and 8 to 13 feet deep below low-water datum extended from the mouth of the river upstream for about 3 miles to the head of navigation. The mouth of the river was, however, obstructed by a sand bar, over which the depth was usually about 3 feet. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of May 23, 1828. The total amount expended there- under prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 was $292,202.88 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of previous project see page 1961 of Annual Report for 1915. RIVERS AND HARBORS---CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1669 Existing project.--This provides for an outer harbor about 60 acres in area formed by converging rubble mound breakwaters with an aggregate length of 6,350 feet and having an entrance 500 feet wide between pierheads of timber cribs with concrete superstructure located at the outer ends of the breakwaters and 1,800 feet outside the entrance of the channel between the piers; for parallel piers of timber cribs with concrete superstructure at the mouth of the river 300 feet apart and having an aggregate length of 2,765 feet; and for dredging the outer harbor and channel 250 feet wide between the piers and upstream to the Erie Avenue Highway Bridge, a length of about 3,000 feet, to a depth of 20 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 194 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5 feet above to 2 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $1,068,129, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present dimensions of the entrance piers (H. Doc. No. 131, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2718) ;the act of March 2, 1907, pro- vided for widening Black River from the inner end of the easterly Government pier to Erie Avenue Bridge (no printed report) ; and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the present dimensions of the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 980, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and for deepen- ing the outer harbor and channel between piers (H. Doc. No. 985, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 1200, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.--U. S. dredge Maumee completed the work of deepening the entrance channel through the outer harbor and the channel, 250 feet ,wide, between the piers and up to the Erie Avenue bridge to project depth of 20 feet at low water datum. A total of 90,680 cubic yards of material was removed during the fiscal year, of which about 24,364 cubic yards was shale. Expenditures were: New work : Dredging, U. S. dredge Maumee plant------------------- $33, 550. 38 Dredging, U. S. dredge Burton (work done prior to fiscal year) 1,954. 74 Total -------------------------------------------- 35, 505.12 Maintenance: Supervision of harbor, etc------------------------ 406. 84 Total, new work and maintenance----------------------- 35, 911. 96 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was 92 per cent com- pleted. The work remaining to be done consisted in the extension of west breakwater to shore, 750 feet, and deepening the protected area in the outer harbor on both sides of the entrance channel to 20 feet at low water datum. The river entrance had been improved by the construction of parallel piers and dredging up to the Erie Avenue 1670 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. bridge, providing a channel 20 feet deep at low water datum and 250 feet wide. An outer harbor about 60 acres in area had been pro- vided by constructing breakwaters and by dredging to a depth of 19 feet outside of the entrance channel and 20 feet in that channel. The piers were completed in 1908, the breakwaters, including pier- heads, in 1915, and the dredging in 1919. At the end of the fiscal year the harbor works were in good condition except the rubble sec- tion of east pier, 112 feet long, at the inner end, which should be repaired or replaced by suitable bulkhead construction. The controlling depth was 20 feet at low water datum in the chan- nel through the outer harbor and in the river between the piers and up to the Erie Avenue bridge. The greater portion of the sheltered area in the outer harbor outside the channel has shoaled to about 16 feet. Expenditures under the existing project were $919,949.74, of which $843,793.45 was for new work and $76,156.29 was for maintenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is imprac- ticable to separate them. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, required the city of Lorain to contribute $3,000 toward the cost of the extension of west breakwater to shore, and this amount has been deposited with the United States by the city, Terminal facilities.'-The city of Lorain has expended approxi- mately $598,000 in obtaining and maintaining a channel in Black River above the Erie Avenue Bridge to the plant of the National Tube Co., located about 3 miles above the mouth of the river, with winding basin at the upper end, and in constructing a public dock, The channel is 120 to 200 feet wide and 20 feet deep at low-water datum. One iron ore and two coal terminals are owned by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., together with dock space for trans shipment of lumber, etc., to or from cars, which are open to the public. Extensive docks of the National Tube Co. handle iron ore, limestone, and sand, and are not open to the public. One lumber and several fish docks are privately owned. The American Ship- building Co. has dry docks and facilities for building and repairing the largest lake vessels. The city of Lorain owns a public dock, without rail connection, which is open to the general public for local business. Terminal facilities at Lorain Harbor are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of the improvement.-The improvement of Lorain Harbor has made its commercial development possible, as in its natural con- dition it was entirely unsuited to the requirements of navigation. Water rates on the principal commodities-iron ore and coal-have been greatly reduced by improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Lorain Harbor is a part. Water trans- portation enjoys an almost complete monopoly in the movement of bulky commodities, which include practically all of the commerce of Lorain Harbor. The railroads can not compete for this commerce and the rail rates have, therefore, been little affected by the improve- ment. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO,9 DISTRICT. 1671 Proposed operations.-Funds available will be expended as fol- lows: New work: Deepening outer harbor to 20 feet, low-water datum_-- _______ $26, 903 Extending west breakwater to shore (not including the $3,000 con- tributed by the city of Lorain) ___________________________ 36, 500 Total______ _______ ___---_ 63, 403 Maintenance: Repair of rubble section of east pier__________________________ 10, 000 Dredging and care and repair of floating plant----------------1,000 Engineering and office expenses, and harbor supervision__----------- , 130 Total ----------------------------------------------- 12. 130 Total, new work and maintenance ___________________ 75, 533 It is expected that funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1920. Funds available for repair of rubble section of east pier will not be sufficient to complete the work. This section, at the shore end of the east pier, is 112 feet long. A good shore connection is necessary to prevent sand being driven by wave action from the adjacent beach into the river channel. Steel sheet piling was purchased for the work, which has not been done on account of war conditions. The cost of this work is estimated at $18,000, with $10,000 now available for the purpose. It is estimated that an additional appropriation of $10,000 will be required for maintenance during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1921, to be expended as follows; Completion of repairs to rubble section of east pier__________________ $8, 000 Engineering and office expenses, and harbor supervision------ 2,000 Total -------- 10, 000 Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All vessels entering or leaving Lorain Harbor make use of the improvement. Iron ore and coal form 98 per cent of the total tonnage of the port, and practically all vessels engaged in this trade have a draft of 19 to 21 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Pas. sengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. sengers seners: 1914 ............ 4,507,075 $11,517,228 2,786 1917..... ...... 7,529,081 $34,158,693 .......... 1915............ 7,010, 460 20, 695, 954 1,829 1918......... 7,586,686 35,492, 356 ......... 1916........... 8,947,846 27,388,523 .......... Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct: ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $180.42: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 135, 996. 38 Maintenance ------------------------------------- 76, 156. 29 Net total expended ------------- 1, 212, 152. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report-- 1, 287, 854. 77 1672 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $51,200.13 ....................... $572.87 $35,505.12 Expended for maintenance 1.............. 2,723.32 $19,439.06 $8, 739.41 3, 508.86 406.84 Total expended 1 .................. 53,923.45 19, 439.06 8,739. 41 4081.73 35,911.96 Appropriated or allotted...................I .... .. .... ..... .. .. .... 84,650.00 20,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ __ _-----__ ----- __ $91, 614. 11 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 20, 000. 00 111, 614. 11 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work ----------------------------- $35, 505. 12 For maintenance-----------------------------_ 406. 84 35, 911. 96 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended______________________ _____ 75, 702. 15 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 169. 05 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $2,715.35 available only for maintenance ____ ______-- - -__-___ _ __- 75, 533. 10 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ______________________-___ _ 210, 000. 00 7. CLEVELAND HARBOR, OHIO (A7). Location and description.-ClevelandHarbor is on the south shore of Lake Erie at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, 99 miles easterly from Toledo, Ohio, which is at the westerly end of the lake, and 175 miles southwesterly from Buffalo, N. Y., which is at the easterly end of the lake. The harbor comprises the lower 51 miles of Cuyahoga River, which is from 150 to 325 feet wide, and an outer harbor formed by breakwaters which is about 5 miles long and from 1,600 to 3,800 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-No natural harbor existed. The river near its mouth was about 15 feet deep at ordinary stage, but was ob- structed by a sand bar over which a depth of about 3 feet only was available. The old mouth was about 700 feet west of the present outlet. Little use was made of the river for purposes of navigation. Previous projects.-These were adopted by acts of March 3, 1825, June 23, 1866, March 3, 1875, August 5, 1886, and August 11, 1888. The total amount expended thereunder prior to beginning expendi- tures under the existing project in 1897 was $1,564,153.56 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of pre- vious projects, see page 1962 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the formation of an outer harbor, 5 miles long and 1,600 to 2,000 feet wide, 19 feet deep, pro- visional dredging to 23 feet, by means of dredging and two break- waters, the east one to be 21,270 feet long, with pierhead at easterly end, of which 3,300 feet is of timber crib and 17,970 feet of rubble mound construction, and the west one, which is connected with the etc. z Exclusive o~f available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales,, RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1673 shore, to be 7,130 feet long, comprising 5,997 feet of timber cribs with concrete superstructure, a "gap" of 201 feet, and 932 feet of pile and timber crib construction; a main entrance 700 feet wide be- tween converging rubble mound breakwaters extending 1,250 feet lakeward from and between the main breakwaters; two parallel stone- filled timber crib piers with concrete superstructure at the mouth of Cuyahoga River, the east pier to be "1,530 feet long and the west pier 1,440 feet long; a channel between them 19 feet deep, provisional dredging to 23 feet, 325 feet wide and 2,000 feet long measured from the outer end of the piers; straightening and improving 41 miles of Cuyahoga River in cooperation with the city of Cleveland, at a cost to the United States not to exceed $400,000; and a stone-filled wooden-pile wharf and reinforced concrete storehouse at the foot of East Ninth Street in the outer harbor. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 181 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 4.5 feet above to 1 foot below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, to include $400,000 for the straightening of Cuyahoga River, is $6,839,456, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects; inclusive of provisional dredging to 23 feet, $7,026,456. The latest (1918) ap- proved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for rebuilding the piers and completing the east breakwater (H. Doc. No. 326, 54th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 2949); the act of March 3, 1899, as modified by the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel between the piers and the east and west outer harbor basins, 19 feet deep and provisional dredging to 23 feet depth (H. Doc. No. 156, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, pp. 3075 and 3078); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the main harbor entrance and east breakwater extension (H. Doc. No. 118, 56th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the wharf and storehouse (H. Doc. No. 270, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for closing a gap in the east break- water (report not printed); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the pierhead at the easterly end of the east breakwater (H. Doc. No. 891, 63d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the improvement of Cuyahoga River (H. Doc. No. 707, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map of Cleveland Harbor, see page 3278 of Annual Report for 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Soundings were taken over the harbor area west of East Ninth Street and minor repairs were made to the Government wharf. Investigations as to probable flood heights in proposed improved channel of the Cuyahoga River were made in cooperation with officials of the city and county. It has not yet been determined whether local governments will be able to raise the funds necessary to carry out any comprehensive plan of river straightening, since participation by the United States is limited 1674 REPORT OF: CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. by law to $400,000, and the cost of any suitable plan is estimated at several million dollars. Expenditures during the fiscal year were: New work: Cuyahoga River investigation_ __-__________________ -_ $100. 00 Maintenance: Care and repair of floating plant---------------- $5, 210. 38 Harbor supervision, and part of administrative ex- penses of the district_ - -- 5, 223. 17 10, 433.55 Total -- ____________-_- 10,533. 55 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project, so far as definitely authorized by Congress, was regarded as about 95 per cent completed. The river entrance channel had been improved by the construction of parallel jetties 325 feet apart and dredging to a depth of 23 feet at low-water datum up to the New York Central Railroad bridge. The piers were completed in 1900 and the dredging in 1909. Above the New York Central Railroad bridge the work of widening the river had been delayed through inability on the part of the city of Cleve- land to secure satisfactory title to the required land. The outer harbor, about 1,300 acres in extent, had been formed by the con- struction of an aggregate length of about 28,000 feet of breakwater, completed in 1915. The main entrance had been widened to 700 feet ard protected by converging arms extending lakeward from. the east and west breakwaters, completed in 1908. The outer harbor had been deepened, 1905-1909, to 23 feet at low-water datum throughout the west basin, in the entrance channel, and over a portion of the east basin adjacent to the entrance channel. Over the remaining portion of the east basin, as far east as East Ninth Street, a depth of 21 feet at low-water datum had generally been secured. A wharf was buil at the foot of East Ninth Street in 1910 and a storehouse in 1915. A concrete base for light tower was constructed at east end of east breakwater in 1917, in lieu of the east end pierhead. Piers and breakwaters were generally in good condition at the end of the fiscal year, except that portion of the timber-crib section of the east breakwater not yet rebuilt with a permanent superstructure. In this section, about 1,700 feet in length, the timber superstructure is badly damaged. Minor repairs to part of the rubble-mound east breakwater and riprap protection along a portion of the west break- water are needed. All work provided for by the project has been completed except deepening a portion of the east basin, widening the mouth of the river, construction of east end pierhead, and straightening and im- proving the channel of Cuyahoga River. Depths in the entrance channel and outer basins have not been maintained throughout the entire area. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depth was about 20 feet at low-water datum in those portions most used by vessels. Depths elsewhere range generally from 18 to 24 feet. Expenditures under the existing project were $6,147,047.53, of which $5,183,264.66 was for new work and $963,782.87 was for main- tenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. RIVERS AND 'HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1675 Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, appropriated $5,000 to enable the United States to cooperate with the city of Cleveland in the preparation of final plans for the improve- ment of the Cuyahoga River, with the provision that the Govern- ment's share in the cost of the improvement in accordance with the final plans adopted shall not exceed $400,000. Final plans have not been adopted. The project for widening the river at the New York Central Rail- road bridge can not be completed until the city of Cleveland secures and turns over to the Government satisfactory title to the land re- quired for the purpose. A part of the east pier is maintained by the Cleveland & Pitts- burgh Railroad Co. under articles of agreement with the Secretary of War, dated February 17, 1877. Outside of the project the improvement and maintenance of the inner harbor, consisting of about 7 miles of the Cuyahoga River and " Old River," have been assumed by the city of Cleveland, the funds required for this work being taken from general and special tax levies. There has been expended to date about $3,815,000. The river width is, in general, 200 feet, and a depth of about 20 feet below low-water datum is maintained. Terminal facilities.-Outer harbor: The city has also built a bulk- head extending along the lake front a distance of about 2,500 feet westerly from East Ninth Street and two piers, one of which has been leased to passenger-vessel companies. Of these improvements, the last two items are within the limits of the Federal project for the harbor; the others are beyond these limits. The Pennsylvania Rail- road Co. operates an extensive ore terminal west of the river entrance; east of the river are three slips providing wharves for three coal- loading machines and for passenger and packet freight business; all privately owned. The city of Cleveland owns and leases one pier to two companies operating regular vessel lines for passenger and packet freight traffic. All of the foregoing are open to shippers of commodities for which the facilities are suited. One pier owned by the city of Cleveland is open to the public. One lumber wharf is private. Inner harbor.-The Cuyahoga River, together with the Old River and connecting slips, provide approximately 13 miles of wharves, about 50 per cent of which are used. One railroad company main- tains a coal terminal and one has an ore terminal. Three railroads have wharves for the transshipment of packet and miscellaneous freight. These facilities are open to all shippers. Four companies operating blast furnaces have private terminals for ore and limestone. Three docks are equipped with grain elevators, one of which is open to the public. There are extensive lumber wharves and considerable quantities of oil, sand, gravel, crushed stone, and fish are handled over river docks by their private owners. The city of Cleveland owns public docks at several street ends. The facilities are considered adequate for the needs of existing commerce of Cleveland Harbor. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the develop- ment of Cleveland Harbor possible, as, in its natural condition, it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Although not 1676 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIVIY, 1919. . primarily intended for the purpose, Cleveland Harbor is exten- sively used as a harbor of refuge. Improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which Cleveland Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction in water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodities, iron ore and coal, which comprise about 91 per cent of Cleveland's commerce, have been reduced below possible rail competition. Rail rates on other commodities have been affected to an indeterminate extent by the improvement. Proposed operations.-The work outlined in the last Annual Re- port has not yet been done, on account of war conditions. Prices have been such that the cost appeared to be out of proportion to the benefits which would be secured by repairing the breakwater at this time. That work, however, should not be delayed indefinitely, as the total cost would undoubtedly be greater. The river widening at the New York Central Railroad bridge will be done as soon as details concerning title to the land can be settled. Soundings over the outer harbor indicatie some dredging necessary but not to the extent antici- pated from computations of the average annual fill over a series of years. Recent sedimentation has been comparatively light on ac- count of the absence of severe floods in the Cuyahoga River. Funds available will probably be expended as follows: Dredging shoal areas in outer harbor with Government plant $21, 000 Care and repair of floating plant-----------------------------------17, 617 Widening Cuyahoga River entrance at the New York Central Railroad bridge ----------------------------------- 42,200 Development of plans for straightening the Cuyahoga River- _____--- 4, 800 Repairing 4,000 linear feet of rubble mound east breakwater, requiring about 8,000 tons of stone at $4__-__-_________ ________-_ 32, 000 Completing riprap protection of 2,200 linear feet of lake arm of west breakwater, about 20,000 tons of stone at $2.50--------------- 50, 000 Riprap protection of 2,000 linear feet of shore arm of west breakwater, about 30 000 tons of stone at $2.50- -- ________________ - - 75,'000 Engineering and office expenses, and harbor supervision---------- 25, 000 Total ------------------- -------------------------- 267, 617 Available funds will be sufficient to cover probable expenditures to' June 30, 1921, and no estimate for additional funds is therefore submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All vessels entering Cleveland Harbor make use of some portion of the improvement. Of the tonnage of the port, 91 per cent is iron ore and coal, handled in vessels with a draft of 19 to 21 feet. The remaining 9 per cent is miscellaneous in character, including considerable quantities of lumber, stone, grain, packet freight, manufactured iron, and oil. Comparative statement. alendar year. Short tons. Value. Passen- Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passen- gers. gers. 1914......... 10, 912, 572 $50,979,660 437, 544 1917........... 14, 282, 687 $128,239,054 454, 333 915....... .... 12,31,442 114, 949, 361 419, 291 1918........... 15, 895, 450 166, 971, 258 406,183 1916.......... 16,577,240 127,966,870 534,196 - RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1677 Financial summary. WORK AUTHORIZED BY ACT OF JUNE 3, 1896. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended _________________________ July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _________________________-- $42, 273. 30 42, 273. 30 MAIN ENTRANCE, EAST BREAKWATER EXTENSION, ETC.-ACTS OF JUNE 13, 1902, AND MAR. 2, 1907. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-----------------------------$44, 467.96 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year, 1919______________ __-1, 500. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _____________________ ____ 45, 967. 96 CUYAHOGA RIVER.-ACT OF AUG. 8, 1917. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-------------------------------$4, 900. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work----- 100. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ...._ 4, 800. 00 DREDGING AND REPAIRS TO BREAKWATERS. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended____ $186, 230. 91 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year, 1919 - ----- 11. 65 186, 242. 56 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for maintenance 10, 433. 55 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _____________________________ 175, 809. 01 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-----------------------____ 1, 232. 45 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $90,129.25 available only for maintenance ._______-__ _______ 174, 576. 56 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR CLEVELAND HARBOR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,746.32: New work___ -------------------------------------------- $6,.747, 418. 22 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 963, 782. 87 Net total expended ------------------------ ,_------- 7, 711, 201. 09 Total appropriations to date of this report___________________ 7, 980, 051. 36 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................... 189,613.63 $13,937.85- $4,331.94 $2,511 98 $100.00 Expended for maintenance 1............... 19, 146. 23 38, 706. 85 106,809. 84 33,844.95 10,433.55 Total expended 1....................208,759.86 52,644.70 111,141.78 36,356.93 10,533.55 Appropriated or allotted................... 150,000.00........... ..... 5,000.00 65,000.00 ........... INot deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------_ $277, 872. 17 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919--------- ---- 1, 511. 65 279, 383. 82 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal work :1 For new work.---------------------------------- $100. 00 For maintenance_______-________________ 10, 433. 55 10, 533. 55 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____________ -________- 268, 850..27 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities__-____-____________----- - 1, 232. 45 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $90,129.25 available only for maintenance -- ------------------------- ---- 267, 617. 82 SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1678 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 8. FAIRPORT HARBOR, OHIO (A8). Location ad description.-FairportHarbor is located at the mouth of the Grand River, which empties into Lake Erie, 34 miles easterly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises an outer harbor some 40 acres in area, 1,600 feet long with a maximum width of 1,800 feet and an average width of 1,100 feet, and the lower mile of Grand River, which is from 180 to 300 feet wide. The outer harbor will be in- creased to 65 acres under the existing project. See United States Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-The natural channel in Grand River ex- tended about 2 miles above its mouth. It was 75 feet wide and 6 to 8 feet deep at low-water datum. The mouth of the river was, how- ever, entirely closed by a sand bar during the greater part of each year. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1825, and modified by the river and harbor act of May 20, 1826. The total amount expended thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1896 was $368,940.09 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of this project see page 1963 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of two rub- ble-mound breakwaters to form an outer harbor about 65 acres in area, the west breakwater to be 3,378 .feet long and connected with the shore, and the east one 2,750 feet long, the pierheads at the outer end of each breakwater to be 600 feet apart; two parallel timber crib piers about 793 and 578 feet long on the west and east sides, respectively, of the mouth of Grand River; and for dredging the outer harbor and the channel between the piers to a depth of 19 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York. 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 17.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are between 3 feet and 0.5 foot above low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 4 feet above to 0.5 foot below that plane. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1919, is $1,072,722, ex- clusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1918) ,approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the west break- water (Annual Reports for 1903, p. 2084, and 1905, p. 2349), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the present dimensions of the east breakwater, and the piers and for the dredging (H. Doc. No. 206, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map see the last- mentioned document. 'Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work other than sounding was done during the year. Expenditures, all for maintenance, were: Care and repair of floating plant ____________________________--$3, 175. 15 Harbor supervision and part of administrative expenses of the district ______________-- ___------------------------------ 1, 816. 99 Total ___ ______4,------------------------------------ 4 992. 14 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1679 Conditions at end of fiscal year.-The project is 63 per cent com- pleted. The harbor had been improved by the construction of par- allel piers 180 feet apart at the mouth of the Grand River, the aggre- gate length of portions now maintained being 2,320 feet; by the con- struction of outer breakwaters with a total length of 4,728 feet, shel- tering an area of about 65 acres; and by dredging the channel be- tween the piers and through the outer harbor to a depth of 18 feet at low-water datum, this depth, however, having been increased to about 20 feet by natural scour. The piers were completed in 1904 and the breakwaters in 1913. The only project work which has not been done is the dredging of the area in the outer harbor on both sides of the entrance channel to 19 feet, the extension of the east breakwater 1,400 feet parallel to shore, and the removal of the outer 525 feet of the east pier and 400 feet of the west pier. There is a constant tendency to shoal in the area outside of the west pierhead. The controlling depth in the channel was 20 feet at low water datum. The outer ends of both piers and the timber superstructure of the timber portion of the west breakwater have deteriorated to a considerable extent, but otherwise the harbor works are in good. condition. Expenditures under the existing project were $772,591.44, of which $608,222.09 was for new work, and $164,369.35 was for maintenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. has expended about $75,000 in obtaining and maintaining a channel in the river With an available depth of 18 feet at low-water datum for about 1 mile above the limits of the Federal project. The Fairport, Painesville & Eastern Railroad Co. has extended this channel about 2,200 feet farther upstream to afford access to new docks in connection with the Diamond Alkali Co., at a cost of approximately $65,000. One large ore terminal, one coal terminal, and one dock equipped with a warehouse for miscellaneous freight and elevator for handling grain do a general public business. One limestone dock and four fish docks are privately owned. There are no publicly owned terminals. The facilities are regarded as ade- quate for the needs of existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Fairport Harbor possible, as in its natural con- dition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Fairport Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction in water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodities, iron ore, and coal, which comprise about 81 per cent of the total commerce of the harbor, have been reduced below possible rail competition. Rail rates on other commodities have been affected to an indeterminate extent by the improvement. Proposed operations.-The only remaining new work is that pro- vided for.by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, which can not 125851-ENG 1919--106 1680 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. be done within the 40 per cent limit of increase over the project docu- ment estimate. No operations are therefore proposed. It is proposed to expend the funds available for maintenance as follows : Maintenance dredging over shoal areas in channel with dredge Burton_ $5, 500 Engineering, office expenses, harbor supervision, etc._ _--------------- 3, 713 Total ------------------------------------------- 9,213 Maintenance funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1920. The cost of new work as outlined in House Document No. 206, Sixty-third Congress, first session, was $238,500. It is now estimated at $390,000, as follows: Deepening original project area 1 foot, from 18 to 19 feet at low- water datum, 119,450 cubic yards, at 25 cents- ______-----___-- $29,862. 50 Dredging additional area to 19 feet at low-water datum, 406,550 cubic yards, at 25 cents______________________________ _ 101, 637. 50 Extending east breakwater 1,400 feet, 78,000 tons of stone, at $2.50_ 195, 000. 00 Removing 925 feet of piers, at $30____-__-_________-__- _ 27, 750. 00 Supervision and contingencies, about 10 per cent____________ 35, 750. 00 Total ------ --------------------------------- 390, 000. 00 On page 12 of the project document it was stated that the un- completed dredging to 20 feet at mean lake level (18 feet at low- water datum) would require the removal of 237,000 cubic yards of material, estimated to cost $36,500, in addition to the new work out- lined under "Plan A," which was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919; also, that $70,000 was then available for that work.. Subsequent to the submission of the report it became neces- sary to transfer $71,000 of available funds for Fairport Harbor for work at Conneaut Harbor. This was done under authority of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The material to be removed to complete the project for dredging as it was prior to the modifica- tion adopted by the act of March 2, 1919, is now estimated at 271,000 cubic yards, which, at 25 cents per cubic yard, and 10 per cent for contingencies, amounts to $74,500. The total cost of completing the project as now estimated is as follows: Modifications adopted by the act of Mar. 2, 1919________________--- $390,000 Uncompleted dredging, old project__________-------------------- 74, 500 464, 500 Funds available for new work________-________-----__ _______ 238. 500 Additional funds required to complete project___--__--------- 226, 000 Maintenance dredging is required annually at the harbor entrance on account of drifting sand. It is recommended that $5,000 be pro- vided for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All vessels trading at Fairport Harbor make use of the improvement. Of the tonnage of the port 81 per cent is iron ore and coal handled in vessels with a draft of 19 to 21 feet. The remaining 19 per cent consists of grain, limestone, and fish. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1681 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Shorttons. Value. 1914................. 2,454,304 $12,816,270 1917................ 3,461,813 $20,075,567 1915................. 3,309,485 26,118,618 1918...... ............ 2,992,171 18,354,090 1916 ................. 3,828,711 20,759,504 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $210.59: New work ----------------------------------------- $977, 162. 18 Maintenance -- -------------------------------------- 164, 369. 35 Net total expended ------------------------------- 1, 141, 531.53 Total alipropriations to date of this report------------------1,389, 275. 08 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................... .......... .......... . .......... ...... Expended for maintenancel ............... $4,585. 64 $12, 650. 88 $4, 012.45 $6,121.17 "$4,992.14 Appropriated or allotted ................. ............ . .............. 12,000.00 243500.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended----------------------------$9, 235. 69 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 ------- -------------- 243, 500. 00 252, 735. 69 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for main- tenance -------------------------------- --------- 4, 992. 14 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--------------------------2247, 743. 55 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 30.18 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $8,739.27 available only for maintenance---------------------------------------247, 713. 37 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance---------- ---------------------- 85,000. 00 9. ASHTABULA HARBOR, OHIO. (A9). Location and description.-Ashtabula Harbor is located at the mouth of Ashtabula River, which flows into Lake Erie 61 miles east- erly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower 14 miles of the river, which is from 150 to 300 feet wide, and an outer harbor pro- tected by breakwaters, which is some 175 acres in area, about 3,600 feet long and 2,100 feet wide. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-In its natural condition the Ashtabula River was little suited to the requirements of navigation. A narrow chan- nel with an available depth of 4 feet below low-water datum ex- tended for about 2 miles above the mouth of the river, but the mouth itself was obstructed by a sand bar over which the depth was usually 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SIncluding $0.20 reimbursable and unsettled. * Exclusive of available funds. 1682 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. but 2 feet and which overlaid shale rock which was encountered at a minimum depth of 5 feet below low-water datum. Previous projects. The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of May 20, 1826, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1829, July 3, 1832, March 2, 1867, June 10, 1872, March 3, 1881, and July 8, 1890. The total amount expended thereunder prior to beginning expenditures under the existing proj- ect, in 1897, was $565,192.27 for new work and maintenance (not sep- arable). For further details of previous projects see page 1963 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for an outer harbor about 175 acres in area and 20 feet deep protected by breakwaters, the west breakwater to be 7,180 feet long and the east breakwater 4,500 feet long. The breakwaters, except about 430 feet of the west one, which is of timber-crib construction, are rubble-mound structures. The pierheads are timber cribs filled with stone and concrete. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are between 3 feet and 0.5 foot above low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by winds or other causes, are from 4 feet above to zero, referred to that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $1,933,529, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the breakwaters (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3122) ; the act of March 3, 1905, pro- vided for extending the west breakwater shoreward (no printed re- port); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for enlarging the outer harbor by extending the west breakwater lakeward and shoreward and by constructing a new east breakwater, for pierheads and for the removal of the outer 600 feet of the old east breakwater (H. Doc. No. 654, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for connecting the west breakwater with the shore and for dredging in the outer harbor (H. Doc. No. 997, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map see the latter document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was done. Expenditures, all for maintenance, were: Care and repair of floating plant_-- $2, 435. 93 Harbor supervision and part of administrative expenses of the dis- trict -------------------------------------------------------- 1, 537. 96 Total ----------------------------------------------- 3, 973.89 Condition at end of fiscal year.-Under the earlier projects the river mouth was improvedby dredging and the construction of par- allel jetties, which resulted in obtaining and maintaining a channel 18 feet deep at low-water datum. The jetties have since been aban- doned to private interests by whom they have been replaced with bulkheads so located as to afford a wider channel. Under the exist- ing project, as first adopted, a west breakwater 3,380 feet long and an east breakwater 1,200 feet long were built, affording an outer harbor of limited area. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1683 Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, the west breakwater was extended shoreward and lakeward to an aggregate length of 6,600 feet; a new outer east breakwater 4,500 feet in length was built; the east and west breakwaters were termi- nated with pierheads at their outer ends; and the outer 600 feet of the old east breakwater was removed. Breakwaters and pierheads were completed in 1915. At the end of the fiscal year the harbor works were in good condi- tion, except the timber section of the west breakwater the super- structure of which was decayed to such an extent that it required rebuilding. The controlling depth in the harbor is 19 feet at low water datum. The project is about 93 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done is that under modifications adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, consisting of the extension of the west breakwater, about 580 feet, to shore and deepening a portion of the outer harbor to 20 feet. • Expenditures under the existing project were $1,730,733.87, of which $1,658,394.16 was for new work and $72,339.71 was for main- tenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. Local cooperation.-The extension of the project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provides that dredging in +Dhe west basin north of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.'s pier be n- layed until the shore line is protected by a solid bulkhead. Ta Pennsylvania Railroad Co. and the Ashtabula Chamber of Com- merce were notified in May, 1919, of the required cooperative work, but no progress has been made toward compliance, and it is not yet known when it will be done. The city of Ashtabula expended about $268,000 in widening and deepening the channel and constructing bulkheads for a distance of about one-half mile at the upper limit of the navigable portion of the river. This channel is 150 feet wide and 16 feet deep at low-water datum. The maintenance of the channel in the river below this portion has been carried on by railroads and other private interests, but it is impracticable to state the amount expended for this purpose. In 1902 and 1906 the Secretary of War, under authority of law,. authorized the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Co. (now the New York Central Rail- road Co.) to take possession of the west and east jetties, respectively. The railroad companies subsequently removed both jetties and re- placed them with bulkheads so arranged as to increase the channel width to about 300 feet. The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Co., .under authority of the Secretary of War, extended the old east breakwater along the dock front a distance of 1,200 feet. This improvement, which cost about $116,000, was intended pri- marily as a protection to the railroad docks, but was, nevertheless, beneficial to the general interests of navigation. Terminal facilities.-Extensive ore and coal terminals are owned by the New York Central Railroad Co. along the east side of the river and the slip 1,000 feet easterly thereof, and by the Pennsyl- 1684 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. vania Railroad Co. along the west side of river and slip west of same. These comprise three ore and four coal docks equipped with mechanical appliances and have an aggregate frontage of 8,100 feet. They are open for general public business. These railroads own additional dock frontage amounting to 6,000 feet, formerly used for unloading ore. Two terminals, one on each side of the river, provide facilities for car ferries which ply between Ashtabula and Canadian ports. There are two privately owned fish docks and a large ship- yard and dry dock. The city of Ashtabula owns 132 feet of dock on the east side of the river which can accommodate small boats and is open to the public. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226,. Sixty-third Congress, first session. The terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Ashtabula Harbor possible, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Im- proved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Ashtabula Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduc- tion of water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodities iron ore and coal, which comprise almost the entire commerce of the harbor, have been reduced below possible rail competition, and rail rates have therefore not been affected by the improvement. Proposed operations.---It is proposed to expend the funds available as follows: New work: Extending west breakwater to shore------------_ $21,000 Dredging in outer harbor to 20 feet, low-water datum .... 57, 000 Supervision and contingencies ____________--- -5, 000 - $83, 000 Maintenance: Repairing superstructure of timber section of west break- water_ __ ____-__----------- 14, 500 Necessary dredging with Government plant, and care and repair of floating plant________________-_____---- 5, 600 Engineering and office expenses and harbor supervision__ 1, 967 22, 067 Total------------- ------------------------------- 105,067 Funds will probably be exhausted by June 30, 1920, except those reserved for repair of superstructure of the timber section of west breakwater. This will require additional funds to complete, and the work can best be done as a whole. In order to provide sufficient funds for breakwater repair and other maintenance of the harbor during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, it is recommended that $5,000 be appropriated. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. References to published. articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All vessels trading at Ashtabula Harbor make use of the improvement. Practically the entire commerce of the port is the transshipment of iron ore and coal in vessels with a draft of 19 to 21 feet. Car ferries ply between this harbor and Port Burwell and Port Maitland, Ontario. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1685 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ............... 11, 833, 302 $29,529, 689 1917................ 15,992, 388 $87, 876, 962 1915 .... ............ 14, 521, 729 45, 119,231 1918.................. 16, 993,677 90, 129,120 1916 ................ 18,264,135 63, 917, 789 Financialsum/mary. Amount expended for all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,560.36: New work ---------------- $2, 223, 586. 43 Maintenance 2, 339. 71 7------------------------------- Net total expended- ----------------------------- 2, 295, 926. 14 Total appropriations to date of this report ___- ___-__-___- 2, 401, 874. 31 Fiscal year ending Tune 30. 1915 1916 1917 1919 1919 Expended for new work ................. $63, 693.03 . Expended for maintenance 1............. 13,153.04 $10,503.29 $9,433.56 $3, 653. 20 $3, 973.89 Total expended 1............. 76, 846. 07 10,506.29 9, 433.56 3,653.20 3, 973. 89 15,000.00 .......... ....................... Appropriated or allotted................. 83,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. -------------------------------- July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__ $26, 922.06 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 83, 000. 00 109, 922. 06 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 3, 973. 89 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended.--______----------------- 105, 948. 17 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities __________- - - __---_____- 881. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $8,174.64 available only for maintenance ----------------------------------- 105, 067. 17 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_________-____-__- 000. 00 '15, 10. CONNEAUT HARBOR, OHIO (A10). Location and description.-Conneaut Harbor is located at the mouth of Conneaut River, which flows into Lake Erie about 74 miles easterly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower 3,000 feet of Conneaut River, which is from 200 to 400 feet wide, and an outer harbor some 200 acres in area created by breakwaters. The outer harbor is about 4,000 feet long and 2,000 feet wide. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3. Original condition.-Conneaut River was but little suited to the requirements of navigation. A channel about 13 feet deep below low- water datum and 75 feet wide extended for about one-half mile above the mouth of the river, but the mouth itself was obstructed by a sand bar over which the depth was usually about 2 feet. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1829, July 13, 1892, February 24, 1893, and March 24, 1896. The total amount expended thereunder prior to the adop- 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1686 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tion of the existing project, in 1910, was $845,055.69, of which $805,- 271.72 was for new work and $39,783.97 was for maintenance after 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of im- provement and for maintenance were so involved that it is imprac- ticable to separate them. For further details of previous projects see page 1964 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of two con- verging breakwaters to form an outer harbor about 200 acres in ex- tent, the west breakwater, of rubble mound construction, to be 4,700 feet long and the east one 2,750 feet long (1,700 feet of rubble mound and 1,050 feet of timber crib with concrete superstructure), the pier- heads at the outer end of each breakwater to be 600 feet apart; two parallel timber and concrete piers about 1,073 and 1,467 feet long on the west and east sides, respectively, of the mouth of Conneaut River; removing the old west breakwater; and dredging the outer harbor and between the piers to the inner end of the east pier to a depth of 20 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 191 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are between 3 feet and 0.5 foot above low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 4 feet above to zero, referred to that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1918, is $1,084,400, ex- clusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the breakwaters and pierheads and the removal of a portion of the old west breakwater (H. Doc. No. 653, 61st Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the present alignment of the west breakwater, for removing all the old west breakwater and for dredging to 20 feet (H. Doc. 983, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map see the last-mentioned document. Operations and results during fiscal year. The work of deepening the channel between the piers to project depth of 20 feet was begun with U. S. dredge Maumnee, and 17,590 cubic yards of m terial was removed, of which 5,153 cubic yards was shale. Progress was some- what slow on account of the shale bottom. Required depth was ob- tained over a clear width of about 130 feet. Dredging between the piers will be completed at an early date. No construction work was done by the contractor on east break- water extension and pierhead, but at the close of the year prepara- tions were being made to resume active operations and complete the contract during the season of 1919. Expenditures during the year were: New work: Dredging (U. S. dredge Maumee) - ________________ $924. 52 Maintenance: Care and repair of floating plant - ------- $369. 69 Harbor supervision and part of administrative expenses of the district _______- 719. 99 1,089.68 Total ___________________---_ _ ____ 2,014.20 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1687 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was 86 per cent completed. Under previous projects the river mouth had been improved by the construction of piers and by dredging, completed in 1907, which had resulted in obtaining and maintaining a channel 200 feet wide and 19 feet deep at low-water datum from deep water in the lake to the inner ends of the piers, above which point the chan- nel had been improved by private interests. Under the project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 24, 1896, an outer harbor of limited area had been created by the construction of break- waters, with pierheads at their outer ends, this work being completed in 1907. Of the work contemplated by the existing project, a length of 4,445 feet of the new west breakwater was completed in 1916; the old east breakwater, 1,050 feet long, has been extended shoreward 800 feet (completed in 1911), and the 900 feet lakeward extension and pierhead is under contract, of which 550 feet was completed, and the timber crib substructure for the pierhead sunk in place in 1917 (prep- arations were being made by the contractor to resume work and com- plete the contract) ; 642 feet of the old west breakwater was removed in 1916; a portion of the outer harbor was dredged to 19 feet, low- water datum, and an entrance channel through the outer harbor and between the piers, with minimum width of 130 feet, was dredged to a depth of 20 feet; and work was in progress to obtain this depth for full width of channel between the piers. The harbor works were in good condition at the end of the year. The controlling depth in channel through outer harbor and for a minimum width of 130 feet in channel between the piers was 20 feet at low-water datum. The southerly portion of the outer basin has not been fully maintained. The work remaining to be done to com- plete the project comprised the completion of east breakwater ex- tension and pierhead (under contract), construction of 255 linear feet shoreward extension of west breakwater, removal of remaining 600 linear feet of old west breakwater, and dredging to obtain 20 feet depth over outer basin and full channel width in river. Expenditures under the existing project were $980,218.33, of which $938,461.62 was for new work and $41,756.71 was for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None.. Terminal facilities.-The railroad and dock companies have ob- tained and maintained a channel in Conneaut River 19 feet deep at low-water datum from the upper limit of the Federal project to a point about 3,000 feet above the outer ends of the piers, at a cost to date of about $269,000. The Pittsburgh & Conneaut Dock Co., a sub- sidiary of the United States Steel Corporation, owns about 6,000 feet of improved frontage. The docks are equipped with mechanical appliances for handling iron ore and coal, and facilities are open to shippers of these commodities. One terminal handles loaded cars only for a car ferry line which plies between Conneaut Harbor and two Canadian ports. There is no publicly owned dock at the harbor. The privately owned terminals are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the com- mercial development of Conneaut Harbor possible, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Im- proved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of 1688 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Conneaut Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction of water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodities iron ore and coal, which comprise almost the entire commerce of the harbor, have been reduced below possible rail competition, and rail rates have therefore not been affected by the improvement. Proposed operations.-The drift of sand along the shore causes continual shoaling in the protected harbor area and at the river en- trance, where maintenance dredging is occasionally necessary. The project can not be completed with the funds available. They will suffice for the removal of the remaining portion of the old west breakwater, completing construction of new west breakwater, and for obtaining project depth over uncompleted portion of the chan- nel between the piers and part of the outer harbor near the entrance channel. The entire project area is not urgently needed at the pres- ent time and the above program will suffice until plans for increased dock facilities in the outer harbor are matured. Available funds will probably be expended as follows: New work : Completion of removal of old west breakwater, 600 linear feet at $40_ --------------------------------- $24, 000 Completion of new west breakwater, 255 linear feet at shore end, 7,000 tons of stone at $3_______________________ 21, 000 Dredging to 20 feet, low-water datum, completing the chan- nel between the piers and part of outer harbor area ... 31, 105 $76, 105 Maintenance : Dredging in entrance channel with Government plant.. - 4, 000 Engineering and office expenses, and harbor supervision__ 2, 005 6, 005 Total ------------------------------- 82, 110 Available funds will cover probable expenditures to June 30, 1921, and no estimate for additional funds is therefore submitted. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All vessels trading at Conneaut Harbor make use of the improvement. Practically the entire commerce of the port is the transshipment of iron ore and coal in vessels with a draft of 19 to 21 feet. Car ferries ply between this harbor and Port Stanley and Rondeau, Ontario. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.................... 8,625,166 $25,064,766 1917...... 12,936, 398 $62,501,557 1915 ................... 11,790,980 40,404,994 1918.................. 10,835,424 54,344,152 1916 ................... 13,129,367 44,294,527 Financial summisry. Amount expended on all projects to June 30 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,924.87: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 743, 733. 34 Maintenance --- ___________------ _ __ 81, 540. 68 Net total expended- -------------- - 1, 825,274. 02 Total appropriations to date of this report----_,- --- 1, 931, 865. 59 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CLEVELAND, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1689 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 E i r nw Expended for new work 1 ................. $240, 010. 25 $156, 659.95 $193,269.92 $7,020. 85 $924.52 Expended for maintenance 1............. 3,600.16 9,056. 81 12, 912.60 2,213.99 1, 089. 68 Total expended .................... 243, 610. 41 ~ / __ __ __ __ _I__ _ i 165,716. 76 206,182.52 9,234.84 2,014.20 =1 I I Appropriated or allotted ................. 483,530.00 ............ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------- $108, 605. 77 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work____________________ _____- -$924. 52 For maintenance _____-_________--_____ _ 1, 089. 68 2, 014. 20 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended________________ - _____ _ 106, 591.57 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ____- -- -__- 4, 050. 45 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 20, 430. 39 24, 480. 84 July 1, 1919, balance available_---- ____------------_____ 82, 110. 73 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $18,815.36: New work _ __-__________________________$17, 600, 383. 07 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 2, 075, 503. 04 Net total expended ------------------------------19, 675, 886. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report ______________ _ 20, 764, 680. 84 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1................. .$657, 222.08 $255, 551.75 $197, 601. 86 $10,105. 70 $36, 529. 64 Expended for maintenance 1.... .... 88,654.35 124,869.42 194, 959.90 94, 071. 54 75, 785. 94 Total expended 1.......... ...... 745,876.43 380,421.17 39256176 104,177.24 112,315. 58 Appropriated or allotted................... 782,030.00 ........... 113,000.00 216650.00 662,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended __________________-____ $537, 568. 53 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918--------------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919_ ------------------ 612, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919--______----- 1, 541. 78 1, 201, 110. 31 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work _________ _______------- $36, 529. 64 For maintenance_ _--_---_------ ----- - 75, 785. 94 112, 315.58 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--- -------------- ------ 21, 088, 794. 73 July-1, 1919, outstanding liabilities---__----------- 11, 834. 86 July 1, 1919, amotint covered by uncompleted con- tracts ----------------------------------- 20,430.39 32, 265. 25 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Includes $74.86, reimbursable and unsettled. 1690 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1919, balance available, including $172,364.20 available only for maintenance- _________-____ -_ $1,056, 529. 48 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance__ 120. 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS. REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 2, 1919. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Lorain Harbor, Ohio, with a view to the extension of the east breakwater and enlarging and deepening the harbor area. 2. Cleveland Harbor, Ohio, with a view to improving and main- taining the channel in the Cuyahoga River and Old River, including consideration of any proposition for cooperation on the part of local interests. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. This district includes the improvements on Lake Erie east of the Ohio-Pennsylvania State boundary, on the Niagara River, on Lake Ontario, and on the St. Lawrence River as far east as the inter- national boundary line. District engineer: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, to April 12, 1919, and Col. Clarke S. Smith, Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Harbor at Erie, Pa. (Al)___ 1691 9. Harbor at Pultneyville, N. Y. 2. Harbor at Dunkirk, N. Y. (B3) ___-_________ ___-- 1720 __ (A2) ------ ----------- 1695 10. Harbor at Great Sodus Bay, 3. Harbor at Buffalo, N. Y. (A3) - 1698 N. Y. (B4)_____________- 1721 4. Black Rock Channel and Ton- 11. Harbor at Little Sodus Bay, awanda Harbor, N. Y. N. Y. (B5)___________ 1724 (A4) -------------------- 1704 12. Harbor at Oswego, N. Y. 5. Niagara River, N. Y. (A5) ___ 1710 (B6) - _ _ _- _ -_- 1727 6. Operating and care of Black 13. Harbor at Cape Vincent, Rock Canal and Lock and N. Y. (B7)-------------- 1732 Ferry Street Bridge, Buf- 14. Harbor at Ogdensburg, N. Y. falo, N. Y___ -------------- 1713 (B8) _____- 1734 7. Harbor at Olcott, N. Y. (B1)_ 1715 8. Harbor at Charlotte, N. Y. (B2) ______--_----------1717 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN. THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 3341 TO 3373. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO N. Y., DISTRICT. 1691 ERIE HARBOR, PA., DUNKIRK AND BUFFALO HARBORS, BLACK ROCK CHANNEL AND TONAWANDA HARBOR, AND NIAGARA RIVER, N. Y. (GROUP A.) 1. HARBOR AT ERIE, PA. (Al). Location and description.-Erie Harbor is located in Presque Isle Bay, formed by Presque Isle Peninsula, on the south shore of Lake Erie, 80 miles by lake westerly from Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., and 99 miles by lake easterly from Cleveland Harbor, Ohio. The bay is 42 miles long from east to west and 1 to 1 miles wide from north to south. The harbor basin is 2 miles long, one-half to 1 miles wide, and 18 to 24 feet deep. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-The harbor was nearly landlocked, the only entrance being at the eastern end through a channel which was nar- row, tortuous, and variable in position, with a depth of about 6 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 26, 1824, and modifica- tions were subsequently made by approval of the report of a board of engineers in 1855; by approval of the report of the district officer in 1865; by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867; by approval of the report of a board of engineers in 1870; and by the river and har- bor acts of August 5, 1886, and September 19, 1890. The amount ex- pended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 was $841,867.43, of which amount $736,967.04 was for new work and $104,900.39 for maintenance since 1887. For further details off previous projects, see page 1965 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide, about 9,000 feet long from lake to harbor basin, passing between piers 360 to 450 feet apart, of the timber crib type, with concrete superstructure, extending to the 16-foot contour in the lake, the north pier to have a length of about 3,248 feet, and the south pier about 2,215 feet, further extensions lakeward when required to meet advance of said contour; for a timber crib breakwater 2,000 feet long, with about 1,200 linear feet of stone superstructure, extending from the inner end of the south pier to the mainland, thus closing the balance of the opening at the eastern end of the harbor; for deepening the harbor basin over certain areas at the east and west ends to 20 feet, and the basin off the public dock to 18 feet; and for the protection of Presque Isle Peninsula by en- couraging plant growth and conditionally by the construction of four protection jetties along the outer shore. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depth 191 and 17+ feet on the Lake Survey chart, Erie Harbor and Presque Isle, Pa., index 332. Ordinary fluctuations of water level due to wind are about 1 foot; extreme fluctuations, 2- feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $452,625, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of May 26, 1824, provided for the construc- 1692 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tion of the breakwater and piers and dredging of the entrance channel and for brushwood protection of the beach of Presque Isle Peninsula (document or report not known) ; the acts of 1826 to 1852 inferentially provided for breakwater and pier extensions and re- pairs, dredging channel, and closing a breach which occurred in the neck of Presque Isle Peninsula in 1833 (documents or reports not known, except H. Doc. No. 128, 24th Cong., 1st sess.; S. Doc. No. 1, 24th Cong., 1st sess.; and S. Doc. No. 42, 35th Cong., 1st sess.; and Annual Report for 1880, pp. 2172-179) ; the acts of 1864 to 1896 inferentially provided for further pier extensions, increased chan- nel dimensions, and protection of the neck and lake shore of the peninsula by brush and stone revetments, pile and timber bulk- heads, and tree planting (Annual Report for 1866, pp. 20, 21; for 1867, pp. 139, 179-183, 254; for 1868, pp. 163-164, 183-185; for 1870, p. 181; for 1871, pp. 48, 208; for 1875, pp. 57, 316; for 1876, II, pp. 564-566; for 1877, p. 969; for 1879, pp. 1708, 1713; and for 1890, pp. 2796, 2797); the act of March 3,.-1899, provided for the deepen- ing of channel and harbor basin to present dimensions and for con- crete superstructures and extensions of piers, and for plant growth and emergency protection work on the peninsula (H. Doc. No. 70, 55th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1897, p. 3237), as modified by act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 26, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1911, page 2510, and Lake Survey chart No. 332. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No new work was done. Examinations made April 7-18 and May 5-9, 1919, showed that the entrance channel and harbor basin retained their project depth, 20 and 18 feet, respectively, at low water datum, except slight shoaling in spots. The breach in the neck of Presque Isle Peninsula caused by storm and high water of October 29-30, 1917, was increased from a width of 479 feet to a width of 1,160 feet by storms during the fiscal year. Examinations made and borings taken showed the depth to rock to range from 24 to 43 feet. Plans and specifications for closing the breach under contract were prepared and submitted for action June 20, 1919. The amount expended on examinations, borings, and prepa- ration of plans was $1,478.23. Surveillance of Presque Isle was con- tinued during the year. The expenditure for pay of watchman and operation of steam launch was $1,405.85. Other expenditures aggre- gating $834.90 were made for general maintenance, travel, and pur- chase of materials and supplies. The total expenditure during the fiscal year was $2,857.08, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is regarded as completed; pier extension as required from time to time and build- ing of two jetties on outer shore of Presque Isle Peninsula, provided for conditionally without estimate, not being now required. Work on piers and breakwater was completed in 1915, and the dredging was completed in 1911. Maintenance will be required indefinitely. The work done has consisted in the construction of a timber-crib break- water 2,000 feet long, 1,200 feet of which is provided with stone superstructure, a north and a south pier of timber cribs with con- crete superstructure, 3,248.6 feet and 2,215 feet long, respectively; the construction of two timber jetties for the protection of Presque RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1693 Isle Peninsula; construction of timber shore protection for the neck of the peninsula; dredging of entrance channel and portions of the harbor basin. The result of the work has been to provide a good harbor basin with a depth of 16 to 22 feet, with an entrance channel at its easterly end 300 feet wide and 20 feet deep at low-water datum, protected by the two piers and breakwater. Structures are in good condition, except the two jetties, which are in fair condition, and the shore protection, which has practically disappeared. There is a breach in Presque Isle Peninsula 1,160 feet wide, which will be closed. The total expenditure under the existing project was $708,397.08, of which $244,380.01 was for new work and $464,017.07 for maintenance, including concrete superstructure on piers. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The following work has been done for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by other sources than Congress: In 1824 $10,000 was expended by the State of Pennsylvania in the partial construction of the breakwater south of the entrance channel. Terminal facilities.-Terminal facilities have been established along the harbor frontage for a length of 2 miles out of a total of 24 miles. They consist of slips within the United States harbor line, three coal docks, two for loading soft coal, the other for loading hard coal on vessels, three ore docks for unloading iron ore from vessels, one elevator for unloading grain from vessels, all equipped with modern machinery; seven docks for unloading flour, bulk freight, lumber, pulpwood, fish, sand, and gravel from vessels; one dock for loading and unloading merchandise. With the exception of the minor ones, the docks are owned or controlled by the Pennsyl- vania Railroad and associated lines, and open to all chartered water carriers on equal terms. There is"also one public dock of the city of Erie (extension of State Street) constructed by the State of Penn- sylvania in 1908-9 at a cost of $150,000. It has no railroad connec- tion. It is open to use by all water carriers on equal terms under a city ordinance. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The project is reported to have a material effect in controlling freight rates on bulk commodities, such as coal, grain, lumber, and ore. It has enabled commercial vessels of 20 feet draft to make use of the harbor at Erie, where the depth in the entrance channel was originally only about 6 feet. Proposed operations.-The funds available, $197,588.97, will be ex- pended on closure of breach in, and surveillance of, Presque Isle Peninsula redredging in the entrance channel and harbor basin and repairing breakwater and pier superstructure and will be exhausted before the close of the season of 1920. New work of further extension of piers and construction of Presque Isle jetties is not proposed at this time, but tree planting on the proposed new sand fill protection and other parts of the Peninsula is important, and possibly additional sand fill and minor repairs for the protection of the neck may be necessary. Estimate for additional funds for maintenance for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, is therefore submitted as follows: Redredging in the entrance channel and harbor basin as shoaling develops, amount required indeterminate but estimated at $5,000; 1694 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tree planting on, and surveillance of, Presque Isle Peninsula $3,000; additional sand fill and (or) minor repairs for the protection of Presque Isle Peninsula, $4,000; total, $12,000. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal receipts in the order of their value, consisted of copper, flour, iron ore, wheat, feed, pulpwood, rye, fish, oats, sand, and miscellaneous. The shipments consisted of hard and soft coal and merchandise. Of the total tonnage in 1918, iron ore constituted 46 per cent; coal, 36 per cent; sand, 7 per cent; pulp- wood, 3 per cent; wheat, 3 per cent; feed, gravel, copper, and mis- cellaneous, 3 per cent; flour, 2 per cent. The different classes of freight are carried in vessels of the draft as follows: Coal, 16 to 20 feet; iron'ore, 18 to 20 feet; pulpwood, 14 to 17 feet; grain, 15 to 19 feet; lumber and package freight, 15 to 18 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914 ..................... 3,014,344 $67, 508, 612 1917................... 4,252, 810 $50, 779,101 1915 .................... 3, 296, 655 67,875,943 1918 ...................... 4,380,516 56,696,518 1916....... 4,595,119 ........... 48,055,605 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,470.91: New work --------------------------------------------- $981, 347. 05 Maintenance __ 568, 917. 46 Net total expended___ 1, 550, 264. 51 Total appropriations to date of this report__ --- -- 1. 789, 776. 56 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1............ .. Expended for maintenance.............. $16, 609. 99 $34, 744. 00 $4, 268. 26 $10, 752. 72 $2, 884.08 Appropriated or allotted ................... 10,. 000.00 10, 00 ............ 200, 000.00 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------- $749.13 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_ 50, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 150, 000. 00 200, 749. 13 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 2, 857. 08 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____________________ 197, 892. 05 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 303.08 1 Of this amount, $120,000 was allotted from the lump sum appropriation of $500,000 orovided by section 1 of the river and harbor act of Mar. 2, 1919. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y.2 DISTRICT. 1695 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $120,000 available only for maintenance ___________________-- -$197, 588. 97 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2,1919 41, 620. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920 ---- __-- 239, 208. 97 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance 1'.--- ..-------------- ____ 12, 000. 00 2. HARBOR AT DUNKIRK, N. Y. (A2). Location and description.-This is a breakwater-protected harbor 36 miles by lake westerly from Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., and 44 miles by lake easterly from Erie Harbor, Pa. It lies in an in- dentation of the south shore of Lake Erie, between Point Gratiot on the west and Battery Point on the east. The distance between these points is 9,600 feet and the maximum breadth of the indentation is 3,600 feet. The harbor basin is 2,400 feet long from east to west and 1,000 feet wide. See United States Lake Survey charts Nos. 3 and 318. Original condition.-This harbor was merely an indentation in the shore, was exposed to lake storms, had a depth of about 10 feet, and was not available for commerce. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827, and was modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, by approval November 30, 1870, of the report of a board of engineers, and by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910, was $987,770.25, of which $811,249.94 was for new work and $176,520.31 for maintenance since 1887. For further details of previous projects see page 1966 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 200 feet wide, flaring to 350 feet at the lake end, and of a depth suitable for vessels of 16 feet draft between a pier and a breakwater of the tim- ber-crib type, the pier on the west side to extend from the shore for a length of about 1,410 feet and the breakwater on the east side to be a detached structure 2,800 feet long; for a harbor basin 2,400 feet long and 1,000 feet wide; and for the removal of the rock reef bor- dering the inner part of the entrance channel to a depth of 16 feet. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths three- fourths of a foot less on the Lake Survey chart, Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y., index No. 318. Ordinary fluctuations of water level due to wind are about 1 foot. Extreme fluctuations are 31 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $99,275, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) action on estimate for annual cost of maintenance is that none be deter- mined until actual use of the harbor by freight vessels is resumed probably in 1919. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1827, provided for beginning con- struction of the pier and the acts of 1828 to 1852 inferentially pro- 1 Exclusive of available funds. 125851--ENo 1919--107 1696 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. vided for continuing it to completion (documents or reports not known, except S. Doc. No. 42, 35th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Re- port for 1866, Pt. IV, p. 155) ; the act of March 2, 1867, inferentially provided for construction of the breakwater and excavating the entrance channel to 13 feet (report of board of engineers approved Nov. 30, 1870); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the entrance channel and harbor basin of a depth suitable for vessels of 16 feet draft. (H. Doc. No. 63, 54th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of the rock reef bordering the inner entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 720, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1903, page 2124, House Document No. 720, Sixty-first Congress, second session, and Lake Survey chart No. 318. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work consisted of the continuation of contract work, removing rock reef bordering the inner entrance channel, which was completed and cleaned up Septem- ber 6, 1918. Final survey was made September 9-11, 1918, and the excavated area was found to have the project depth of 16 feet at low- water datum. The following is the total of the excavation under contract on which work was started November 3, 1916, and completed September 6, 1918: Bed rock, 35,800 cubic yards, place measure, at $1.31-------------$46, 898. 00 Loose material, 7,000 cubic yards, place measure, at $0.48----------3, 360. 00 Total-------------- -------------------------------- 50, 258. 00 Total expended during the fiscal year, $10,374.93, of which $7,401.27 was for new work and $2,973.66 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in September, 1918. Work done under previous projects con- sisted in dredging a harbor basin 2,400 feet long and 1,000 feet wide, with an entrance channel at the westerly end 1,500 feet long and 200 feet wide, the basin having been excavated to depths of 15 and 16 feet and the entrance channel to 16 and 17 feet at low-water datum, protected by a pier 1,410 feet long at its westerly end and a detached breakwater 2,860 feet long. A length of 2,300 feet of the breakwater is approximately parallel to the shore and 560 feet parallel to the channel. The structures are of the timber-crib type, 730 linear feet of the pier and 360 linear feet of the breakwater being provided with concrete superstructure. These lengths are in good condition, but the timber superstructure on the remainder is badly decayed and was seriously wrecked by storms in the fall of 1917. The channel and harbor basin have shoaled, the controlling depths at low-water datum being now 12 feet in channel and 14 feet in harbor basin. The total amount expended on new project to end of fiscal year was $45,193.62, of which $42,223.96 was for new work and $2,969.66 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, made the further improvement of the harbor authorized by this act contingent upon the construction by the local authorities of a suit- able concrete dock.or the provision of such other terminal facilities as might be approved by the Secretary of War. Plans for a terminal at the foot of Central Avenue were submitted by the city authorities and approved by the Secretary of War on April 10, 1915, and its .RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1697 construction was commenced during the latter part of the fiscal year 1915. The conditions imposed by the river and harbor act referred to above having been fulfilled, the Secretary of War on April 6, 1916, authorized the expenditure of the funds appropriated for this harbor. Terminal facilities.-There are three wharves in the harbor. Two are used by fish tugs and are too dilapidated for commercial pur- poses. The Central Avenue Wharf, owned by the city of Dunkirk, is a new timber-concrete earth filled structure, designed for commercial use by large lake vessels. A railroad track connects it with the Erie Railroad, but no freight handling machinery has been installed on the wharf. It is open to all on equal terms of rental. The facilities are considered adequate for the small existing commerce or any prob- able increase of commerce. For a full description of terminal facili- ties see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Freight rates have not been affected by the project. This harbor has practically no commerce at present and the only benefit at the present time resulting from its improvement is to fish tugs which use the harbor. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the funds avail- able to do the most urgently required. work of maintenance which consists of rebuilding and repairing the decayed and wrecked tim- ber portions of the west pier and breakwater, and if required to re- store project depth in the entrance channel. The deteriorated and weakened condition of the breakwater and the west pier and the shoaling of the channel and harbor basin necessitate extensive work under maintenance which is estimated as follows: West pier, completing with concrete superstructure ___-__-__-$32, 000 Main breakwater converting 1,932 linear feet into a rubble mound break- water -------------------------------------------- ------ 167,000 Channel arm breakwater, replanking deck and retimbering top of day beacon ------------------------------------------------ 6, 000 Redredging entrance channel and basin ____________________-- 64, 000 Total-------------- ------------------------- 269,000 Balance on hand available for this work---------------------- 54, 000 Amount required ------------------------------- 215,000 This maintenance work is needed to prevent further certain de- terioration with the consequent later excessive repair costs, but the redredging may be safely deferred pending development of probable use of the harbor by deeper draft vessels. Estimate exclusive of the redredging $64,000 amounting to $151,000 is therefore submitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of projects.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-There were no shipments. Receipts since 1916 consisted of fish brought in by local fishing vessels of 6 to 8 feet draft. 1698 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... None. ............ 1917................ .... . 150 $24,000 1915.................... 1,414 $7,950 1918................ 1,300 208,000 1916.... .... ........ 988 148,168 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $458: New work ----------------------------------------- $853, 473. 90 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 179, 48D. 97 Net total expended-- 1------------------------- -- 1, 032, 963. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report- ----- ------ 1, 088, 944. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1--............................. ...... 7,466.59 $27,182.10 $7,401.27 Expended for maintenance 1 1 .................. 344. 14 ..................... 2,973.66 Total expended 1...................... 14 7,466.59 27,182.10 10,374.93 Appropriated or allotted............. ............ .. .............................. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ _--_________-_-_ $66, 351. 78 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919----- 4. 00 66,355. 78 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__------------------------------ $7, 401. 27 For maintenance-_-_--------------_---- 2, 973.66 10,374.93 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-- ----- -------------- 55, 980. 85 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities- -- 186. 40 -1,1----------------- July 1, 1919, balance available------------------------------ 54, 794. 45 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921 for maintenance __-- ---------- 2151, 000. 00 1_____-- 3. HARBOR AT BUFFALO, N. Y. (A3.) Location and description.-Buffalo Harbor is located at the east- ern end of Lake Erie, 80 miles east of Erie Harbor, Pa. It consists of an outer harbor about 4. miles long and 1,600 feet wide formed by a breakwater system in Lake Erie, and an inner river, canal, and basin harbor with a total length of about 7 miles and a width of about 200 feet. The inner harbor is improved and maintained by the city of Buffalo. See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 3 and 314. Original condition.-There was no outer harbor and the Buffalo River entrance channel was narrow and about 8 feet deep across a gravel bar, which at times practically closed the entrance to the lower portion of Buffalo River, within the bar, which was the origi- Z Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts frbm sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRIC1. 1699 nal harbor of Buffalo. The navigable portion of the river was about 42 miles in length, the head of navigation being at Abbott Road Bridge, Buffalo. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of May 20, 1826, with modifications by river and harbor acts of July 7, 1838, June 23, 1866, June 23, 1874, June 3, 1896, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The total expenditure under these proj- ects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1912 was $5,- 922,795.52 of which $4,041,307.59 was for new work and $1,881,487.93 for maintenance since 1887. For further details of previous projects, see page 1967 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.- This provides for an outer harbor about 4 miles long and 1,600 feet wide formed by a breakwater system ap- proximately parallel to the lake shore extending from Stony Point to the head of Niagara River, and comprising a total length of about 23,604 feet, with two entrance channels, one at the north end 21 feet deep at low water and 1,300 feet wide, and one at the south end natural depth 21 to 26 feet, and 550 feet wide, and a gap about in the center for water circulation, natural depth about 20 feet and about 150 feet wide; for a depth of 23 feet in Area C at the north entrance, and a depth of 21 feet in Areas A, B, D, F (to the southern line of lot 3, but extending only to within 100 feet of the harbor line), and G in the outer harbor, and a triangular area at the junc- tion of the North Entrance Channel and Black Rock Channel; for an entrance channel to the inner harbor (Buffalo River and City Ship Canal) 21 feet deep and 180 to 250 feet wide, with enlargement at the inner end by the removal of the Watson elevator site to a depth of 21 feet; for a south pier of timber-crib type 1,760 feet long at the en- trance to the inner harbor; and for a sand-catch pier 1,148 feet long in the outer harbor about opposite the middle gap. Of the breakwater system, about 4 184 feet are of timber-crib con- struction, 8,897 feet timber crib with concrete superstructure, 363 feet timber crib with stone superstructure, and sea slope, 1,910 feet timber crib with stone-concrete superstructure, and 8,250 feet rubble stone. The Stony Point breakwater is 2,803 feet long, to which is at- tached the south entrance arm 1,000 feet long, forming the protection to the south entrance; the south breakwater is 9,989 feet long begin-- ning about abreast of the southerly end of the old breakwater but 250 feet lakeward, so as to leave a gap 250 feet wide; the old break- water is 7,608.6 feet long, extending from the middle gap to the north entrance; and the north breakwater is 2,203.5 feet long protecting the lake front and entrance to Erie Basin and to Black Rock Channel, north of the Buffalo River entrance. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths 20 and 22 feet on the Lake survey chart of the locality, Index No. 314. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface due to wind are about 2 feet, extreme fluctuations about 7 feet above and 5 feet below normal level. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $796,150, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $33,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of May 20, 1826, provided for the construction 1700 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. of the south pier, modified in 1868, for extension (documents or re- ports not known, except as to extension, Annual Report for 1868, pp. 222, 232); the act of March 3, 1875, inferentially provided for the sand-catch pier, modified by the act of June 3, 1896 (report of Board of Engineers, Annual Report for 1876, pt. 2, p. 573, and for 1895, p. 3153); the act of July 25, 1868, inferentially provided for construction of the breakwater (report of Board of Engineers, Annual Report for 1868, pp. 232-236, and for 1876, pt. 2, p. 569); modified by the act of June 3, 1896 (report of Board of Engineers, Annual Report for 1895, p. 3153), by the sundry civil act of March 3, 1905, and by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 240, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 6, 1900, modified by the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the deepening of the entrance channel to the inner harbor and removing rock shoal therein (specified in acts) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, providing for the enlargement by removal of the Watson elevator site (H. Doc. No. 298, and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, pro- vided for securing the depth of 21 feet over areas A, B, and D, in the outer harbor for the purpose of enlarging the channelway and anchor- age, and a depth of 23 feet over area C in the main outer entrance for a width of 800 feet, for the greater safety of deep-draft vessels in rough weather (H. Doc. No. 550, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the deepening of areas F and G (H. Doc. No. 1139, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and of a triangular area at the north entrance (H. Doc. No. 1004, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 1004, Sixty- fifth Congress, second session, Annual Report for 1915, page 3292, and Lake Survey chart No. 314. Operations and results during fiscal year.- Deepening of parts of the outer harbor and of north entrance had been completed in pre- vious fiscal year, but contract was not closed and final payment made until August 1, 1918, amounting to $14;707.16. An examination of the Buffalo River entrance channel August- October, 1918, at a cost of $579.55 showed two bedrock shoals with least depth of 19 feet at low-water datum, and contract was made for drilling and dredging to obtain the project depth of 21 feet at 'low-water datum. Work had not been started at the close of the fiscal year. Navigation laws were enforced and dumping of dredgings super- vised and regulated, the gasoline cruiser Scajaquada being on this and other inspection duty during the season of navigation and to the end of the fiscal year; cost of operation, $7,823.61. A watchman was on duty at storehouse throughout the fiscal year caring for public property and in charge of United States automatic water gage. Expenditure for pay of watchman, $720. Balance of expenditures for general expenses, pro rata share of operation of in- spection boats, purchase of supplies, examinations, etc. Total ex- penditures during fiscal year $31,921.38, of which $14,707.16 was for new work and $17,214.22, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was about 75 per cent completed in 1918. The principal work at this harbor under previous projects consisted of the following: Construction of the north and south piers to protect the entrance to the inner harbor in Buffalo River and securing by dredging and rock excavation a chan- RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1701 nel 21 feet deep at low-water datum 180 to 250 feet wide between the piers, and 250 to 720 feet wide beyond the piers up to and including the " Watson elevator site " at the junction of the Buffalo River and the City Ship Canal; formation of an outer harbor 42 miles long, 1,600 feet wide, and 17 to 28 feet deep at low water, protected by a breakwater system with entrance near the north and south ends. The breakwater system has a total length of 23,603 feet, composed as follows: Timber crib, 4,183 feet; timber crib with concrete super- structure, 8,897 feet; timber crib with stone superstructure and sea slope, 363 feet; timber crib with stone-concrete superstructure, 1,910 feet; rubblestone, 8,250 feet. Breakwaters are in good condition, except timber superstructure, which is badly decayed and wrecked, on the old section and Stony Point section. Under the existing project areas A and B in the outer harbor and area D, in the entrance channel, have been deepened to 21 feet, and area C, in the outer entrance channel, has been deepened to 23 feet, at low-water datum. The controlling depth in harbor and channels is 21 feet at low-water datum. The total expenditure under the existing project was $546,659.40, of which $495,458.95 was for new work and $51,200.45 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law at the time of adoption of any part of the present project, except for that part of the project which provided in the river and harbor act of 1910 for the transfer of the Watson elevator site and relinquishment of control of certain waterways to the United States by the city of Buffalo, which was accomplished in 1911. The expenditure by the city for purchase of the Watson elevator site was $150,000. Before the adop- tion of the original project by Congress in 1826 piers on the north and south side of the mouth of Buffalo Creek had been built with funds supplied by citizens of Buffalo and the State legislature, at a cost of about $15,000. Those piers were of practically the same extent as the present piers. The Buffalo River entrance channel between the piers was deepened and maintained by the city of Buffalo up to 1900; expenditure, $137,654.34. Outside of the project, improvement and maintenance for the benefit of the public has been done as follows: By the city of Buffalo: (1). Dredging the Buffalo River from the inner end of entrance channel to Seneca Street Bridge, a distance of 30,600 feet, to a depth of from 22 to 23 feet over a width of 200 to 250 feet, at a cost to April 1, 1918, of $1,829,643.75 for new work and $468,364.72 for maintenance. (2) Dredging the City Ship Canal, 6,250 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 23 feet deep, at a cost to July 1, 1916, of $790,348.49 for new work and $363,836.73 for mainte- nance. (3) Dredging Peck Slip from Buffalo River to City Ship Canal, 400 feet long, 250 feet wide, and 22 feet deep, at a cost to July 1, 1917, of $16,636.50 for new work and $1.3,680.19 for maintenance. Free to the general public. By Lehigh Valley Railroad Co.: Extension of City Ship Canal 5,000 feet, 20 to 22 feet deep at mean lake level, 200 feet wide; and three Tifft farm basins, same depth and width, 1,400, 1,600, and 2,000 feet long, respectively; expendi- ture, estimated, $500,000 to July 1, 1917. Not free to the general public, but terms same to all. By State of New York: (1) Construction of stone breakwater 2,240 feet long, to form Erie Basin, 3,000 feet long, 300 to 1,000 feet wide, and deepening chan- nel therein 19 to 23 feet deep at mean lake level; expenditure to 1913, improve- ment and maintenance, about $500,000. Reconstruction as barge canal terminal, new channel and docks, begun in 1913, to be completed in 1919: freight house begun in 1919, to be completed in 1920, estimated expenditure, $1,510,000. (2) Construction of Ohio Basin (connecting with Buffalo River), 1,100 feet long, 1702 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 500 feet wide. 8 to 13 feet deep at mean lake level; expenditure to 1916, im- provement and maintenance, $141,319.21. Reconstruction as barge canal termi- nal, excavation and docks, was begun in 1917, date of completion indefinite, esti- mated expenditure, $597,984. Free to the general public. By Lackawanna Steel Co.: Construction of canal (connecting with south end of outer harbor), 3,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, 23 feet deep at mean lake level; expenditure, $1,408,700. Not free to the general public, but terms alike to all. By Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Co. and Pennsylvania Railroad Co.: Con- struction of canal (connecting with south end of outer harbor), 2,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, 23 feet deep at mean lake level; expenditure, $406,000. Not free to the general public, but terms alike to all. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities include 17 grain ele- vators, with modern appliances for unloading grain from vessels and loading in cars; four coal docks, for loading hard coal in vessels, three are trestles of an obsolete type and one a modern car dumper; eight ore docks for unloading iron ore from vessels, four are owned by in- dustrial plants manufacturing steel products and cast iron, the other four are transfer docks owned by railroad companies. There are also 14 merchandise docks, of which 12 are controlled by the trunk lines entering Buffalo, the other 2 are owned by private parties. Also three railroad-controlled flour docks. Sixteen minor docks are used for unloading limestone, sand and gravel, gypsum and lumber. Passenger and merchandise lake transportation companies control three docks and another is used by summer excursion steamers. There are five public docks, three of which are owned by the city of Buffalo, and two by the State of New York. Of the former, the dock at the foot of Main Street is the most important, having a front:age of 200 feet. It is used principally by small dispatch boats and excursion steamers, under regulation and control of the Buffalo city harbor master. The two State docks are part of the New York Barge Canal system and comprise the Erie and Ohio basins. As a rule the terminals owned or controlled by the railroad and lake transportation companies and grain elevators are open to use on equal terms by water carriers, while those owned by industrial cor- porations or individuals are not. Out of a frontage of 17,200 feet of private property protected by the outer breakwater completed 16 years ago, only about 500 feet is yet improved with terminal facilities. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement. The improvement has had a material effect in controlling freight rates on bulk commodities, such as coal, grain, lumber, and ore, by reason of the increased tonnage that can be brought into the harbor by large vessels. The outer harbor pro- vides facilities for refuge and anchorage. Proposed operations.-Itis proposed to expend the funds available, viz, $171,400 for new work; $98,661.71 for maintenance; total $270,- 061.71, as follows: New work-to deepen the project depth by dredg- ing the triangular area at the junction of Buffalo River Entrance Channel and Black Rock Channel (as shown on map in H. Doc. No. 1004, 65th Cong., 2d sess.), and areas F (as modified) and G (as shown on map in H. Doc. No. 1139, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The funds available being sufficient, the new work will be completed under con- RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1703 tract, in 1920. Maintenance-to complete before November, 1919, contract work of drilling and blasting the solid-rock shoal areas, and to dredge loose material and broken bed rock in the Buffalo River Entrance Channel, restoring project depth of 21 feet, low-water datum, $18,000; to make minor repairs to pier and breakwater, and do such redredging and removing of shoals in existing channels as may be required, and generally to supervise the harbor, $20,661.71; total $38,661.71, which will be exhausted by June 30, 1920. The bal- ance of $60,000 is to be applied to replacing with rubble mound the old timber superstructure of 805 linear feet of old section of Buffalo Breakwater. This work is considered urgent and should be done as soon as reasonable prices can be obtained, but the balance is not suffi- cient, the present estimate being as follows: Replacing with rubble mound 805 linear feet of decayed-timber superstructure of old sec- tion of Buffalo Breakwater, $215,000, leaving a net amount required of $155,000. Required annual redredging of channels and general supervision of harbor for the fiscal year 1921 are estimated at $13,000. The replacement of breakwater superstructure being urgent, esti- mate is therefore submitted for $168,000 for maintenance for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal receipts in the order of their value consisted of grain, flour and feed, copper, iron ore, merchan- dise, automobiles, lumber and shingles, limestone, and pig iron. The shipments consisted of mierchandise, hard coal, automobiles, sugar, flaxseed, steel rails, and salt. Of the total tonnage in 1918, iron ore represented 49 per cent. coal 20 per cent, grain 15 per cent, limestone 7 per cent, and miscellaneous 9 per cent. The grain, iron ore, and coal are carried in vessels varying in draft from 18 to 21 feet, while flour, feed, and merchandise are carried in package-freight steamers varying in draft from 17 to 19 feet. Pas- senger steamers which carry some package freight vary in draft from 10 to 15 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake. By Erie Canal. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914 ......................... .. ............... 14, 072, 620 $344,048,649 823,682 $13,948,425 1915.................................... .... , 720, 724 1.... 504,098, 377 814,779 16,061,408 1916............................................ , 532,712 1... 182.6-18,469 704,302 14,387.078 1917 ......................................... 18,925,179 564,134,095 506,818 6,588.734 1918........................ ..................... .... 18,544, 063 496, 709, 974 619,196 14, 154,242 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,645.24: New work--------------------------------------- $4, 536, 766. 54 Maintenance ----- 1, 932, 380. 48 Net total expended_.------------- 6, 469, 147. 02 Total appropriations to date of this report ------- 6, 795, 450. 81 1704 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR1Y, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1............. . $145,223.76 $174,264.46 $64,475.70 $268.31 $14,707.16 Expended for maintenance 1.......... 11, 099. 17 22, 845.20 21, 270.31 11, 545.25 17, 214.22 Total expended 1 ................... 156,322.93 196,609.66 85,746.01 11,813.56 31,921.38 Appropriated or allotted................... 187,375.00 ............ 140,000.00 ........... 171,400.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__________________________ $185, 036.47 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 171, 400. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------- __- - 1, 480. 80 357, 917. 27 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work----------------------------- $14,707. 16 For maintenance_-.------------ __------- 16, 906. 32 31, 613. 48 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 326, 303. 79 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_______________- 1, 712. 08 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 54, 530. 00 56, 242.08 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $72,112.36 available only ....-- for maintenance_-- __-_______________________ 270,061. 71 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_ _________________________ '168, 000.00 4. BLACK ROCK CHANNEL AND TONAWANDA HARBOR, N. Y. (A4). Location and description.-The improvement under the above heading comprises those formerly designated by three titles, viz, Lake Erie entrance to Black Rock Harbor and Erie Basin, N. Y., Black Rock Harbor and Channel, N. Y., and Tonawanda Harbor and Niagara River, N. Y. This improvement is essentially that of the upper 14 miles of Niagara River, which flows.in a northerly direc- tion from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, a distance of about 34 miles. It is the principal drainage outlet of the four upper Great Lakes, whose aggregate basin area is about 248,500 square miles. Its dis- charges at standard low water and standard high water of Lake Erie (570 and 575.11 feet above mean tide at New York) are about 153,- 000 and 267,000 second-feet, respectively. It is navigable from its source to the upper rapids, 20 miles, and from Lewiston to the mouth, 7 miles. The current is rapid for the upper navigable portion, where the average fall is about 0.5 foot per mile. The total fall of the lower 7 miles is 0.5 foot. The 7 miles of falls and rapids have a total fall of 315 feet. The average width is about 3,500 feet. The lower limit of the improvement is 8 miles above Niagara Falls and 20 miles from the mouth of the river. Original condition.-The entrance to Erie Basin was originally from 12 to 18 feet deep at low-water datum and 400 to 600 feet wide. Black Rock Channel was originally part of Niagara River. The construction of Bird Island Pier and Squaw Island Dike and a dam and ship lock by the State of New York in the years preceding 1825 formed a harbor separated from Niagara River. At the time of 2Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1705 adoption of the present project the harbor was 200 to 700 feet wide and would accommodate vessels of 8 feet draft. Niagara River Channel from Lake Erie to North Tonawanda was obstructed by several reefs and shoals, the minimum depth being about 13 feet at low-water datum, with a minimum channel width of about 200 feet. The water in the harbor between Tonawanda Island and the main- land and in Tonawanda Creek up to the State dam was shoal. Previous projects.-Lake Erie section, none. The original project for Black Rock Harbor and Channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829. The original project for Tonawanda Harbor and Niagara River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The amount expended on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1905 was $58,027.28, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see items 5 and 7, page 1970, of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 21 feet deep from Buffalo Harbor north entrance channel to opposite Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda, 132 miles; 400 feet wide to Erie Basin, 2,300 feet, suitably widened at the bend and thence 500 feet wide to the foot of Maryland Street, Buffalo, 2,190 feet; thence 200 feet wide through Black Rock Canal, 31 miles, with a ship lock at Bridge Street, bridge at Ferry Street, and repair of the Bird Island Pier and the towpath wall; and thence 400 feet wide in Niagara River to the foot of Tonawanda Island opposite Sixth Avenue, 9.2 miles, ending in a turning basin about 1,230 feet long and 1,050 feet wide; and for a channel 16 feet deep and generally 400 feet wide in Tonawanda Inner Harbor, 6,800 feet long, and 16 feet deep and generally 180 feet wide in Tonawanda Creek, 1,400 feet long. The project depths for the channel and Black Rock Canal above the lock are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. For the river channels the project depths are referred to the river surface when Lake Erie is at low- water datum. The project depths correspond to depths of 20 and 16 feet on the Lake Survey chart, Upper Niagara River, Index No. 312. Ordinary fluctuations of Lake Erie water surface are about 2 feet; extreme fluctuations, due to wind, about 7 feet above and 5 feet below normal level. River fluctuations gradually decrease to about one-half of lake fluctuations when they reach North Tona- wanda. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $6,746,630.93, exclusive of amounts expended under previous proj- ects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $12,000. Description of Black Rock Lock. Location: Foot of Bridge Street, Buffalo, N. Y. (in city limits). Dimensions: Length between miter sills_ ....- feet-- 650 Available length for full widthd-- --- 6----25 Width in clear (between fenders) __-------____d _ 68 Lift---------------------------------------------do 5 Depth on miter sills at low water (--2.0' M,:R; L. & M. L. L.L.)-_do .. 22 Foundation (lock) : Bedrock, Dam: Fixed. 1706 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Type of construction: Lock-Concrete walls; steel mitering gates. Dam-The dam consists of Squaw Island and Bird Island Pier lying be- tween the canal and Niagara River. The pier was built of timber cribs filled with stone in 1822-1834, chiefly by State of New York. Cost is unknown. Cost of lock (walls, gates, wing walls and operating machinery) _ $1,001, 577. 88. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the channel in Niagara River (H. Doc. No. 83, 50th Cong., 1st sess.), modified by the act of June 3, 1896, for its deepening to 16 feet and extension to the foot of Tonawanda Island and in Tonawanda Inner Harbor (Annual Report for 1897, pp. 3116-3120), by the act of June 13, 1902, for deepening Tonawanda Creek to 16 feet (H. Doc. No. 143, 56th Cong., 1st sess.), by act of March 3, 1905, for deepening to 21 feet, except Tonawanda Inner Harbor and Creek and main river channel along and to the foot of Tonawanda Island (H. Doc. 428, 58th Cong., 2d sess.), and by act of July 27, 1916, for deepening the channel along and to the foot of Tonawanda Island, ending in a turning basin and making consolidated funds available therefor (H. Doc. No. 658, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel in Lake Erie to the foot of Maryland Street (H. Doc. No. 125, 56th Cong., 2d sess.), modified by the act of August 8, 1917, for widening it at the bend and making consolidated funds available thereto; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the 21-foot channel through Black Rock Canal and for ship lock, bridge, and repair of pier and.wall (H. Doc. No. 428, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 1004, Sixty-fifth Con- gress, second session, and United States Lake Survey charts Nos. 312 and 314. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under new work no operations were undertaken, the construction of office-storehouse building and six gate-operating houses at Black Rock Lock and of storehouse building at Ferry Street Bridge being further postponed due to high prices for labor and materials, and extension of the chan- nel 21 feet deep in Niagara River section to North Tonawanda being still delayed by noncompletion of required cooperative city work of lowering waterworks intake pipes at Tonawanda and North Tona- wanda begun May 1, 1919. Under maintenance emergency repairs were made to Bird Island Pier with hired plant and crew October 16-29, 1918, at a cost of $1,507.07. Soundings taken in the channel above and below the lock' showed the bottom above the level of the lower guard gate sill for 50 to 75 feet. A sump was excavated just below this gate December 6-13, 1918, at a cost of $551. Payment of indebtedness from previous fiscal year amounted to $8,071.09; proportion of expense of maintaining and operating cruiser Scajaquada, general expenses, salaries, etc., $5,089.75. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $15,218.91 for maintenance. Maintenance of the Black Rock Canal section is, however, included in the expenditure for "Operating and care of Black Rock Canal and Look and Ferry Street Bridge, Buffalo, N. Y." Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 90 per cent completed. The Lake Erie section was completed in 1909, but widening of the channel at the bend is yet to be done and maintenance dredging is required from time to time. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1707 In the Black Rock Canal section the project is completed except for the construction of a lok office-storehouse building, six lock- operating houses, a storehouse at Ferry Street Bridge, and repairs to Bird Island Pier and to the towpath wall. The channel excavation and erection of the lift bridge over the channel at Ferry Street were completed in 1915. The lock, including wing walls, operating ma- chinery, and retaining walls above the lock, was entirely completed during the fiscal year 1914, at a cost of $1,001,577.88, and was opened for general navigation in August, 1914. The guide pier connecting with the west lower wing wall was completed in 1916. Structures are all in good condition, except Bird Island Pier and the towpath wall, which require extensive repairs. In the Niagara River section the Tonawanda Creek Channel was completed in 1902, except the upstream 150 feet inaccessible because under low fixed bridges. This channel has shoaled at least 2 feet. Tonawanda Harbor channel was completed in 1904 and is fully avail- able. The channel from the ship lock to deep water 21 miles down- stream was completed January, 1913, and is fully available. The extension of deep-water channel down Niagara River and dredging turning basin at its lower end has not been commenced, the cooperative city work not yet having been completed. The controlling depths at low-water datum are: Lake Erie section, 191 feet; Black Rock Canal, 20 feet; Niagara River Channel to deep water above Tonawanda, 21 feet; channel below this pool and in Tonawanda Harbor and Tonawanda Creek Channel, 16 feet. The total expenditure under the existing project was $5,386,566.63, of which $5,289,366.66 was for new work and $97,199.97 for main- tenance. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, provided that no expenditure should be made until the Secretary of War should have satisfactory assurance of the construction of the barge canal proposed by the State of New York. Work for the benefit of the public has been done with funds sup- plied by other sources than Congress as follows: Between 1823 and 1907 the State of New York expended various sums for dredging Black Rock Harbor, construction of ship lock, extension of Bird Island Pier, and construction of wall between harbor and Erie Canal; expenditure estimated at $1,000,000. By letters patent dated July 25, 1905, the State of New York granted to the United States such land and structures as were necessary for the construction and maintenance of the canal and lock, The city of Buffalo in 1912 lowered and reconstructed the Buffalo trunk sewer across Black Rock Canal at Albany Street at a cost of about $100,000. Thy city of Buffalo contributed $28,700 toward the cost of the lift bridge across the channel at Ferry Street and expended $1,200 on repairs to the Bird Island Pier and Dock at the foot of Ferry Street. Under permit of the Secretary of War dated June 23, 1913, the northerly 2,950 feet of Bird Island Pier and adjacent area reverted to the city of Buffalo for occupation and use as a public park and excursion-boat landing facilities, that part of the pier to be main- tained by the city. Under this permit the city constructed a bulk- head immediately south of Ferry Street along the easterly limit of 1708 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. the area occupied under the permit at a cost of $38,200. The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, made the work authorized by the act subject to the conditions set forth in House Document No. 658, Sixty-third Congress, second session, viz, that the cities of Tona- wanda and North Tonawanda, at their own expense, lower their waterworks intake pipes in the; bed of Niagara River. The work was fairly begun at the close of the fiscal year; to be completed in 1919. Termina facilities.-There are no terminals along the canalized channel above the Black Rock Lock, except transfer of freight across the towpath to commercial plants, consisting of four sand and gravel supply yards, two malt and grain elevators, a small coal yard, two wall-plaster mills, and a car-wheel. foundry. There is one public dock, owned by the city of Buffalo, at the foot of Ferry Street. Along the easterly bank of the Niagara River the terminals consist of three lumber wharves, one of which extends from the ship lock downstream 2,900 feet, one malt and grain elevator, three sand and gravel docks, and a blast-furnace dock on Rattlesnake Island, 4 miles below the lock, all used exclusively by the owners thereof. At Tonawanda the terminal facilities consist of wharves along the river frontage extending one-fourth mile above and 2 miles below Tonawanda Creek; also all of the 14 miles of water front of Tonawanda Island of the main shore of North Tonawanda, and the water front of Tonawanda Creek from its mouth to the Webster- Main Street highway bridge, a distance of 1,400 feet. There are 20 lumber docks, 2 sand and gravel docks, 1 ore dock, and 1 fueling dock, 1 passenger dock, landing for excursion boats, and 1 merchandise dock. All wharves have railroad connections, being owned by the com- panies using them, and open to all water carriers which are suitable and chartered for the traffic. The two State docks are part of the New York Barge Canal sys- tem, one in North Tonawanda, the other in Tonawanda, on opposite sides of Tonawanda Creek. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. These terminal facil- ities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-A safe channel is provided by the im- provement for deep-draft vessels around the rapids at the head of Niagara River, with an approach channel from the main Buffalo Harbor entrance channel, and an adequate ship lock at the north end of Black Rock Canal, thus facilitating navigation between Buffalo and Tonawanda, where it connects with the New York State Barge Canal. It is reported that the project has a material effect in con- trolling freight rates on bulk commodities, such as coal, grain, lum- ber, and ore. Proposed operations.--Itis proposed to apply the funds available, viz, $566,756.93, toward completion of the existing project, the re- maining new work being the widening of Lake Erie Channel at the bend; construction of the office-storehouse and six lock-operating houses at Black Rock Lock and storehouse at Ferry Street Bridge; the completion of filling in of lock grounds and minor items at Black RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1709 Rock Lock; the extension of the 21-foot channel to North Tona- wanda; the maintenance work of the repair of Bird Island Pier and the towpath wall; and the redredging of the channel as shoals de- velop. Advancement of the new work will be largely controlled by conditions affecting the securing of contracts at reasonable prices; and that of channel extension is further controlled by required municipal cooperative work of lowering waterworks intake pipes, which is under way and the completion of which is expected late this season. Funds in the amount of the project estimate for new work have been appropriated, but maintenance funds for repairs to Bird Island Pier and the towpath wall and for redredging channel as shoal ocurrs are important, the amount required being indeterminate but estimated at $12,000, necessary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modification of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics-The principal receipts (bound down) in the order of their value, consisted of lumber, grain and flour, iron ore, copper, sand and gravel, and miscellaneous freight. The ship- ments (bound up) were flaxseed from the Argentina, South America, lumber, merchandise, sand and gravel, coffee, and miscellaneous freight. Of the total tonnage in 1918, sand and gravel comprised 56 per cent, iron ore 25 per cent, lumber 10 per cent, limestone 4 per cent, grain and flour 2 per cent, and miscellaneous freight 3 per cent. Iron ore and limestone is carried in vessels of 19 feet draft, lum- ber and other commodities in vessels drawing 131 feet. Comparative statement. By lake and river. By Erie Canal. Calendar year. Shorttons. Value. Shorttons. Value. 1914........................ ....................... 675,050 $6,510,823 186,334 $2,991,244 1915....................................... 967,487 6,874,928 132,695 2,422,889 1916 .... ............................... 980,610 7,987,508 149,307 2,674,778 1917................ ................... ............. 813,547 8,952,058 143,149 3,575,286 1918.................. 2,659,227 .................... 21,685,862 81,291 2,415,117 The large increase in tonnage and value in shipments by lake and river during 1918 were due to inclusion and increase.of shipments of sand and gravel excavated from the bed of Niagara River, which aggregated 1,482,252 tons, and large increases in shipments of grain, iron ore, and limestone. Increases in value are noted in copper, grain, iron ore, limestone, lumber, and miscellaneous freight. Iron ore received by the Wickwire Steel Co. is credited to Tona- wanda, N. Y. For statement of commerce through Black Rock Canal and Lock see report on "Operating and care of Black Rock Canal and Lock and Ferry Street Bridge, Buffalo, N. Y." 1710 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $74,691.06: New work - ----------------------------------- $5, 347, 393. 94 Maintenance_ -__-----------____- - 97, 199. 97 Net total expended ___ -___ __ ___________ 5, 444. 593. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report __-_____--____- - 6, 011, 978. 48 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work . 1 .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .$ 249, 33R.35 $92, 996. 16 ............ $2,400.00.. ..... Expended fr maintenance 1.............. 11,200.00 ........... 15,398.8 6, 975.00 $15, 218.91 Totalex-pended 1.................... 260,598.35 92,996. 16 15, 398. 78 9,375.00 15,218.91 Appropriated or allotted ............... 16,000.00 .............................. 435,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ________-_____ ____ ___ $147, 603. 48 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__. 10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 125, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918... 300, 000. 00 582, 603. 48 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 15, 218. 91 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------- 567, 384. 57 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities____-------------------- 627. 64 July 1, 1919, balance available_ __- -566, 756. 93 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ----------------------- _ '12, 000. 00 5. NIAGARA RIVER, N. Y. (A5). Location and description.--For description of Niagara River see report on Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. The part of the river included in this project is that extending from Tonawanda, 14 miles from Lake Erie, to Niagara Falls, a dis- tance of 6 miles. The lower limit of the improvement is about 14 miles from the mouth of the river. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 312. Original condition.-This portion of the river was obstructed by shoals and scattered bowlders, the depth over shoals being about 9 feet and the minimum channel width about 130 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, and modified by river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, and June 25, 1910. The amount expended under these prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1912 was $68,507.24, all for new work, For further details of previous proj- ects see page 1970 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 11 feet deep and 200 feet wide" from Tonawanda to the Niagara Falls waterworks intake crib and for a channel 13 feet deep and from 300 to 400 feet 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1711 wide from the Navy Island Channel to the foot of Sugar Street, Niagara Falls, N. Y. The project depths are referred to the sloping river surface when Lake Erie is at low-water datum, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. The project depths (orrespond to depths 9 feet and 12 feet on the Lake Survey Chart, Upper Niagara River, Index No. 312. Ordinary fluc- tuations, due to wind effect on Lake Erie level, do not exceed 6 inches; extreme fluctuations, 2 to 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $55,125, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 13, 1892, modified by the act of August 18, 1894, and of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel 11 feet deep from Tonawanda to the waterworks intake crib and beyond to the foot of Sugar Street (Annual Report for 1893, p. 3113, and H. Doc. No. 75, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of July 25, 1912, pro- vided for the channel 13 feet deep from the Navy Island Channel and widening and deepening to 13 feet of the 11-foot channel from the intake crib to Sugar Street (H. Doc. No. 549, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1915, page 3306, and Lake Survey chart No. 312. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done on the improvement of channels. Work of dumping dredged material above the Falls by the Niagara Falls Power Co. was supervised- July, 1918, to January, 1919, at a total cost of $1,712.38, paid by the United States and reimbursed by the Niagara Falls Power Co. There was expended $138.29 for examinations, travel expenses, etc., and charged as new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under previous projects resulted in providing a channel from Tonawanda to Schlossers Dock, at the foot of Sugar Street, Niagara Falls, 200 feet wide and 11 feet deep at low water. The existing project is 95 per cent completed, the work remaining to be done consisting of the removal of scattered bowlders and bedrock 1 to 3 feet above grade in the channel way between Iroquois Street and Sugar Street Docks. The remainder of the channel to Sugar Street Channel and all of the Navy Island Channel are of the project depth of 13 feet at low water. The total expenditure under the existing project was $56,617.76, all for new work. Of this amount, $29,055.26 was expended from Government funds and $27,562.50 from funds contributed by private parties, the contributed funds being exhausted in 1918. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, required local interests to contribute 50 per cent of the cost of con- struction work, or $27,562.50. This condition was complied with, the necessary amount having been deposited on March 1, 1915. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities between North Tona- wanda and Niagara Falls are confined to two docks at the foot of Sugar and Iroquois Streets (Schlossers) at Niagara Falls,'N. Y., each about 200 feet long, built of concrete. They are the property of the Niagara Falls Power Co. and are open to all water carriers on equal terms of rental. There are no public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full descrip- 125851-ENG 1919-----108 1712 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The project has had no effect on freight rates. The completion of the channels now attained will be of con- siderable benefit to the traffic in pulp wood received at Niagara Falls. Proposed operations.-The funds available, $2,000, will be ex- pended for removal of scattered bowlders and high spots in the Sugar Street and Navy Island Channels and examinations and general supervision during the fiscal years 1920-21 and no further estimate is made for that period. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. Commercial statistics.-Receipts prior to 1918 consisted almost entirely of pulp wood carried in vessels of 12 to 14 feet draft down the Canadian channel. The receipts in 1918 consisted almost entirely of sand and gravel excavated from the bed of Niagara River and transported by suction dredgers of 8 to 11 feet draft. There were no shipments, except in 1918, 756 tons of caustic soda. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake and river. By lake and river. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... 82,694 $330,776 1917.................... 33,734 $210,838 1915........................ 70,938 354,690 1918... ................. 94,756 155,600 50,000 1916......................... 300,000 No pulp wood received during 1918. Financial surmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work_-_----. --------------- 1$97, 562. 50 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------99, 562. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................... $547.99 $20,117.38 $4, 808.35 $3,443.25 $138.29 Expended for maintenance......................... ...................... Appropriated or allotted............. ..... .. ..... .. ............. 2,000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended____--- ___-- -- __-__ - __ $138. 29 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_,_ 1, 000. 00 Aamount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919___ 1,000. 00 2, 138. 29 June 30,. 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work - 138. 29 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----------------------------- 2,000.00 1In addition, $27,562.50 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1713 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $81,265.21: New work------------------------------------------- 1 $11, 816, 543. 93 Maintenance_______--- ---- ___ ----- __________________ 2, 778, 295. 78 Net total expended ----------------------------------- 14, 594, 839. 71 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 15, 785, 713. 07 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expehded for new work 2........ . $395,170.10 $287, 378.00 $76, 750.64 $33,293.66 $22, 246.72 Expended for maintenance 2s............... 38,909.16 57,433.34 40,937.35 29,272.97 38,263.87 Total expended 2.................... 434, 079.26 344, 811.34 117, 687.99 62,566.63 60,510.59 Appropriated or allotted ................ 213375.00150,000............ 213,375.00 ............ 808,400.00 2Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended----------------------------- $399, 879. 15 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918-------------------- --------------------- 61, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919---------------- - ------ 447, 400. 00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918.._. 300, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-_________ - __- _ 1, 484. 80 1, 209, 763. 95 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work------------------------------ $22, 246.72 For maintenance --------------------------- 38, 263. 87 60, 510. 59 July, 1919, balance unexpended--___ 1, 149, 253.36 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------------------ 3, 829. 20 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 54, 530. 00 58, 359. 20 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $192,112.36 available only for maintenance-------------------------------------- 1, 090, 894. 16 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 41, 620. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920 ----------- 1, 132, 514. 16 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance__________________--________ 3 343, 000. 00 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF BLACK ROCK CANAL AND LOCK AND FERRY STREET BRIDGE, BUFFALO, N. Y. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. See pages 1704 to 1710, where general information can be found. The work carried on is the operation and mainte- nance of the lock and the Ferry Street Bridge. The lock has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropria- tion since August 17, 1914, and the bridge since July 9, 1914. 1In addition there was expended $27,562.50 from contributed funds. 2 NOt deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8Exclusive of available funds. 1714 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The canal and lock were open to geneiral navigation during the fiscal year from July 1, 1918, to January 14, 1919, inclusive, and from April 1 to June 30, 1019, inclusive. The winter was very mild, with practically no ice, permitting more movement of vessels in the harbor and canal than usual. Special lockings were granted to vessels on the way to dry dock or repair yard during every month of the closed period, amounting in all to 9 lockages for the passage of 13 vessels. During the calendar year 1918 a total of 6,130 vessels, including motor boats and barges, passed through the look in 3,606 lo:kages. The vessels carried 1,647,593 short tons of freight and 5,932 passengers. The Ferry Street Bridge was lifted 2,290 times for the passage of 4,102 vessels. The total expenditure for operation and maintenance of the canal, lock, and bridge was $54,302.61. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work done has consisted in the operation and maintenance of the Black Rock Canal and Lock and Ferry Street Bridge. Lock and bridge operating forces have been organized and rules and regulations for the use of the canal and lock made by the Secretary of War. The structures are all in good condition. The controlling depth in the canal at the end of the. fiscal year was 18 feet at low-water datum, and the ordinary fluctuations of water surface are about 22 feet; extreme fluctuations in lake 7 feet above and 5 feet below and at lock 5 feet above and 32 feet below normal. The total expenditure from the indefinite ap- propriation has been $225,028.66 for maintenance and operation. Proposed operations.-The lock and the Ferry Street Bridge will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriations provided by section 6 of the river and har- bor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight passing through the lock down bound, in the order of their value, were lum- ber, wheat, iron ore, copper, pig iron, and limestone. The principal items up bound were flaxseed, lumber, merchandise, sand and gravel, and coffee. Of the total tonnage in 1918, iron ore constituted 41 per cent, sand and gravel 29 per cent, lumber 16 per cent, limestone 7 per cent, wheat 3 per cent, and miscellaneous freight 4 per cent. Iron ore and limestone is carried in vessels of 19 feet draft, lumber and other commodities in vessels drawing 132 feet. All commerce makes dse of the improvement. Comparative statement. By water. By water. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 19141 .............. ........ 823,320 $3,295,0001917......... .. 1.632,846 ........ $8,579,217 . 1,715,333 1915................... 6,414,379 1918.................. 1,647,593 20,928,429 1916....................... 1,908,769 8,125,132 1 Lock first opened to navigation Aug. 17, 1914. The general character of commerce diuing the current year n ill be similar. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1715 OLCOTT, CHARLOTTE, PULTNEYVILLE. GREAT SODEVS BAY, LITTLE SODUS BAY, OSWEGO, CAPE VINCENT, AND OGDENSBURG HAR- BORS, N. Y. (GROUP B). 7. HARBOR AT OLCOTT, N. Y. (B1). Location and description.-Thisharbor consists of a pier-protected channelway. 1,500 feet long and 98 to 180 feet wide in the mouth of Eighteen Mile Creek on Lake Ontario, 18 miles east-of the mouth of Niagara River and 59 miles west of Charlotte Harbor, N. Y. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 2. Original condition.-There was a depth of about 3 feet over the bar at the mouth of the creek, width unknown. Eighteen Mile Creek was navigable for a distance of about 800 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1867, and was modified by approval of the Chief of Engineers June 18, 1891. The amount expended under this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1913, was $179,169.05, of which $140,209.86 was for new work and $38,959.19 for maintenance since 1.887. For further details of previous projects, see page 1971 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep and 140 feet wide from the lake to the inner ends of parallel timber crib piers about 200 feet apart, the west pier to be 873 feet long and the east pier 850 feet long; and the maintenance of the west pier for a period of five years, which expired in 1918. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 10' feet on the lake survey chart of the locality. Fluctuations of water surface, due to wind, are negligible. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, is $3,000. exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, only one-half of which is to be borne by the United States. The latest (1912) approved estimate for cost of maintenance is $2,500, this being the estimate for maintenance of the west pier for five years. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided inferentially for the piers and channel 11 feet deep (Annual Report for 1866, Pt. III, p. 15, and Pt. IV, pp. 158 and 159), and the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the channel 12 feet deep and five-year maintenance of the west pier (H. I)oc. No. 780, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). This document contains the latest published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress except an examination of the piers in May, 1919. The ex- penditure was $97.40 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed, the five-year period for maintenance of the west pier, which is definitely provided for in the project, having expired at the close of the fiscal year 1918. The work done has consisted in the construc- tion of two parallel piers of the timber-crib type 200 feet apart- east pier 850 feet long and.west pier 873 feet long-and the dredging of a channel 12 feet deep at low-water datum and 140 feet wide between the piers, decreasing to 08 feet wide at the Main Street Bridge. Under the existing project dredging of the channel was 1716 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. completed in 1914 and repairs to the west pier were made in 1915. The controlling depth in the channel at the close of the fiscal year was 81 feet at low-water datum. The timber superstructure of the piers is badly decayed and repairs at the shore end of the west pier are needed to prevent a breach. The total expenditure under the present project to the end of the fiscal year was $4,432.09, of which $1,500 was for new work from contributed funds and $2,932.09 for maintenance from United States funds. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, required a contribution of $1,500 toward the channel excavation by the Buffalo, Lockport & Rochester Transit Co., the maintenance by that company of the portion of the channel adjacent to the part of the east pier occupied by them under a War Department permit, and the repair of any damage to the east pier done by them or on account of their occupation of the pier. The company made the required contribution and agreed by letter dated April 8, 1913, to maintain the pier and channel as stipulated. The unused balance of these funds was transferred to the regular appropriation February 28,1917. Terminal facilities.-None, except at the United States east pier, where prior to 1915, during summer seasons passenger excursion boats landed and small amounts of merchandise were handled. This commerce was stopped during the war and has not been .resumed. The facilities are considered adequate for any prospective commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement is of little benefit to freight traffic but has been of benefit to summer excursion traffic. Proposed operations.-The west pier will be repaired. As the period of maintenance specified in the project document has expired, no further work will be done. No estimate for additional funds is submitted. Recommended modification of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-There were no receipts nor shipments dur- ing the calendar year 1918. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914..................... (1) . .. . 1917..................... (1) 1915..................... (1) 2$20,00 1918. ... (1) 1916..................... (1) 1None. 2 One airplane, valued at $20,000. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: 1 New work ------------------- $140, 209. 8( Maintenance-------------------------41--------- 4, 891. 28 Net total expended_ ------------------------ 1182, 101.14 Total appropriations to date of this report----- _ 183, 169. 05 1In addition $1,500 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1717 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ............ ... ....... ................. ...... ..... Expended for maintenance ............... $41.49 ............ $642.06 $59.16 $97.40 Appropriated or allotted............... ........................ ....... .............. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_____________________________ -- $1, 165. 31 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 97. 40 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--________ ----- _____________ 1, 067. 91 8. HARBOR AT CHARLOTTE, N. Y. (B2). Location and description.-This harbor is on Lake Ontario at the mouth of the Genesee River, 77 miles east of the mouth of the Ni- agara River and 59 miles west of Oswego Harbor, N. Y. It consists of a pool at the' mouth of the river about 5 miles long and 250 to 450 feet wide with a pier-protected entrance channel from the lake. See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 2 and 241. Original condition.-Vessels of more than 8-foot draft could not cross the bar between the lake and the pool. The original width of channel across the bar is unknown. The river was navigable to the upper end of the pool, a distance of about 5 miles from its mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829, and modified by the river and har- bor act of August 2, 1882, and by authority of the Chief of Engi- neers on July 18, 1896, and March 2, 1897. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $865,322.95, of which $247,793.88 was for new work and $617,529.07 for maintenance since 1840. For further details of previ- ous projects see page 1971 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide lakeward of and 150 feet wide between parallel piers of the timber crib type with concrete superstructure, about 450 feet apart, from the lake to the pool at the mouth of the Genesee River, so as to be at all times available for vessels drawing 18 feet, the west pier to be 3,616 feet long and the east pier 3,109 feet long. The project depth is referred to low water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 182 feet on the Lake Survey chart No. 241. Fluctuations of water surface, due to winds, are negligible. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $31,680, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $11,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1829, provided inferentially for construction of the piers and a channel 12 feet deep (Annual Report for 1874, p. 247), modified by the act of August 2, 1882, for extension of piers and deepening channel to 15 feet (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2437), by authority of the Chief of Engineers March 2, 1897, to obtain and maintain a channel not more than 16 feet deep at low water, 200 feet wide (Annual Report for 1897, p. 3270); and by the act of June 25, 1910, for the channel 20 feet deep (H. Doc. No. 342, 1718 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 61st Cong., 2d sess.); concrete superstructure on piers authorized under maintenance by the Chief of Engineers in 1905 (Annual Report for 1905, p. 3293). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 1109, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session, and Lake Survey chart No. 241. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Redredging channel to project depth-required annually-was begun August 20, 1918, on east side of channel, 1,300 feet out from inner end of pier, by U. S. dredge Sodus and plant, and was continued until September 10, when suspended until September 20, working one day and again suspended September 21 to 30, 1918. The redredging continued from the latter date to October 24, 1918, when the work was com- pleted to project depth and width, 36,826 cubic yards, scow measure, mud being removed at a cost of $6,041.13, an approximate cost of 17 cents per cubic yard, scow measure. Under department authorization the dredge Sodus and attending plant did the following dredging for the Rochester Chamber of Com- merce at its expense; September 11-19, 1918, removed 8,418 cubic yards, scow measure, mud from a turning basin on east side of Gen- esee River, south of Stutson Street Bridge; September 23-28 re- moved 7,636 cubic yards, scow measure, mud along the inner end of United States east pier for steamer landing. Total, 16,054 cubic yards, scow measure. Approximate cost, $1,974.86. Total expended during the fiscal year, $9,462.33, for maintenance, dredging, and repairs to plant. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. The improvement has consisted in the construction of two parallel piers of the timber-crib type, about 450 feet apart at the mouth of Genesee River-the east pier 3,109 feet long and the west pier 3,616 feet long-and dredging of a channel from the lake into the river between the piers 150 feet wide and 20 feet deep at low water. There has been rebuilt with concrete superstructure 2,644 feet of the east pier and 3,035 feet of the west pier. The chan- nel is unstable and requires annual redredging to maintain the nec- essary depth. The controlling depth in the channel at low water is 18 feet. The portion of the piers having concrete superstructure is in good condition and the remaining 580 feet at the inner end of the west pier and 410 feet at the inner end of the east pier are gone above water and regarded as not to require rebuilding for harbor protection. The total expenditures under the existing proje t were $73,522.90, of which $21,808.10 was for new work and $51,714.80 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Those on the west side of the Genesee River are: One coal trestle, located about 3 miles inside the entrance; one car ferry landing, immediately below the coal trestle, for the trans- fer of railroad cars to ferryboats; one wharf below the car ferry landing; a railway passenger and freight wharf, about 1,000 feet long, located 1 mile inside of entrance. This wharf is open to all water carriers on equal terms. There is one lumber dock on the east side of the Genesee River, opposite the New York Central Railroad Co. wharf. The Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway connects with the first three named terminals, and the New York Central Railroad with the two latter. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1719 There are no modern facilities for handling freight and no public docks. Facilities considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-It is reported that the project has a ma- terial effect in controlling freight rates on bulk commodities such as coal, grain, lumber, and ore. It has facilitated navigation by in- creasing the available depth in the entrance channel from about 8 feet, to 20 feet at low water. Proposed operations.-With the funds available it is proposed to redredge the entrance channel during the summer or autumn of 1919 at an estimated cost, including care and repair of dredging plant, of $14,000. Required annual redredging, care and repair of dredging plant, and n ain repairs to piers in 1921 should be provided for; an estimate for additional funds for miaintenance, $10,000, is therefore submitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.--The receipts in the order of their value consisted of piulpwood, miscellaneous freight, lumber, feldspar, and talc, and the shipments of coal and coke, miscellaneous freight, iron, steel and tin plates. Of the traffic for which tonnage figures are obtainable, coal, hard and soft, and coke constituted 93 per cent, carried in vessels of 14 to 18 feet draft; and pulpwood, lumber and miscellaneous freight, con- stituted 7 per cent, carried in vessels of 14 to 16 feet draft. All com- merce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake. iBy lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914...................... 950,279 $2,895,415 1917...................... 1,638,301 $10,278,679 1915....................... 1,073.992 3,065,832 1918 .................. 1,681,775 10,678,294 1916................... 1,2411,739 6,289,02S Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,437.76: New work ---------------------------------------- $219. 001.98 Maintenance 243. 87 6-------------------------------- Net total expended------------------------------------- 938. 845. 85 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- -- 958.287. 70 Fiscal year ending June 33. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................. . .......... .... .................. ........ Expended for maintenance ............ $. 212.3 $6,429.:65 $11, 871. 12 8ii279. 59. 9,2.33 Appropriated or allotted................... 12,000.00 12,000.00 .................. .... 23,000.00 1F'ot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1720 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ --- __ -- ___---_________$4, 704. 18 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_. 13, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_______________ 1, 200. 00 28, 904. 18 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1 9, 462. 33 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_______________________ 19, 441. 85 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities- ------------------- 84. 77 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance---- 357. 08 -___-19, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ----------------------------- 210,000.00 9. HARBOR AT PULTNEYVILLE, N. Y. (B3). Location and description.-This harbor is located on the south shore of Lake Ontario, at the mouth df Salmon Creek, 22 miles east of Charlotte Harbor. It consists of a pool at the mouth of the creek about 900 feet long and 40 to 60 feet wide, with a pier-protected entrance channel from the lake. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 2. Original condition.-There was no sheltered harbor. The size of the pool was the same as at present. Beyond this pool the creek was not navigable and there was no permanent entrance channel, the depth at the mouth of the creek being about 2 feet; width unknown. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and about 700 feet long, 'from that depth in the lake to the mouth of Salmon Creek, between two timber crib piers 200 feet apart, the west pier to be 910 feet long and the east pier to be 572 feet long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 61 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Fluctuations of water surface, due to wind, are negligible. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1875, is $71,000. The latest (1915) approved action was for abandonment of harbor and no estimate for annual cost of maintenance is made (H. Doc. No. 375, 64th Cong., 1st sess). The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870 (see Annual Reports for 1874, p. 250; 1875, p. 334; and 1884, p. 2138). The latest published map is in the above-men- tioned document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-Work was commenced at this harbor in 1872, and has consisted in the construction of two piers of the timber-crib type, dredging to secure and maintain a channel between them, and construction of a bulkhead of sheet piling 200 feet long at the east side of the mouth of the creek. The piers are 220 feet apart in their parallel portions, the east pier being 572 feet iand the west pier 910 feet in length. The piers were completed dur- ing the fiscal year 1884 and the dredging during the fiscal year 1881. The channel as last dredged in 1907 was 14 feet wide and 8 feet deep a.t low water, but is unstable and shoals rapidly at the mouth of the creek. No soundings have been taken in the channel for several Not deducing 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 receipts from, sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1721 years, but the controlling depth is probably about 4 or 5 feet at low water. The timber superstructure of the piers is badly decayed. The total expenditure was $85,000, of which $68,218.66 was for new wiork and $16,781.34 for maintenance since 1884. The project for construction was completed during the fiscal year 1884 and the improvement has not benefited commerce, which is in- significant, there having been no arrivals or departures since 1912. For these reasons no 'further reports will be submitted. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None, and none needed. Effect of improvement.-The improvement is of no benefit to navi- gation. There has been no commerce for several years. Proposed operations.-None. No further reports on this improve- ment will be submitted for the reason given in the paragraph " Con- dition at end of fiscal year." Recomended modifications of project.-The abandonment of this project has been recommended. See House .Document No. 375, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Reference to published articles not previously reported.None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of Pultneyville, which is a village of about 300 inhabitants, is insignificant. There were no arrivals or departures during the years 1914-1918. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ------------------------ ---- 68, 218. 66 $------- Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 16, 781. 34 Net total expended ---------- --------------------- 85, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report__________________ 85, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ........... ........... .......... .................. ........... Expended for maintenance ............... $662. 29 1, 072. 56 ......... Appropriated or allotted.................................. 10. HARBOR AT GREAT SODUS BAY, N. Y. (B4). Location and description.-This is a nearly landlocked bay on the south shore of Lake Ontario, 27 miles west of Oswego Harbor, N. Y. The bay has a pier-protected entrance channel and is 22 miles long and one-half to 1 miles wide, with a depth up to 40 feet. See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 2 and 234. Original condition.-The bay was nearly landlocked and was separated from the lake by a bar which extended entirely across the entrance, a distance of about 1,150 yards, on which was a limiting depth of about 6 feet at low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829, and modified by the river and har- bor act of June 23, 1866. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1882 was $361,771.80, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1972 of Annual Report for 1915. 1722 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 151 feet deep and 150 feet wide, between parallel piers, flaring to 250 feet in Lake Ontario, the piers to be of the timber-crib type, with concrete superstructure, 450 feet apart, the west pier to be 1,580 feet long and the east pier 1,294 feet long, connected at its inner end with a timber- crib-concrete breakwater 1,438 feet long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet. below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 14 feet on Lake Survey chart No. 234. Fluctuations of water sur- face, due to wind, are neglible. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1882, is $100,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1829, provided inferentially for the piers and breakwater (Annual Report for 1876, II, 589), modified in 1833 to provide for a channel 150 feet wide and 15 feet deep (Annual Report for 1874, p. 253), modified in 1882 for extending the piers to the 15-foot contour in the lake (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2442), modified to restore and maintain the channel of present dimensions without further extension of the piers for the present (Annual Re- port for 1897, p. 3274); concrete superstructure on piers and break- water authorized under maintenance by the Chief of Engineers March 25, 1907 (Annual Report for 1908, p. 2194). The latest pub- lished map is in the Annual Report for 1894, page 2468, and Lake Survey chart No. 234. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Work of replacing with concrete 123 linear feet of old timber superstructure on east pier was begun July 12, 1918, with Government plant, hired labor, and purchased materials. The work was continued until completed September 30, 1918. Surplus rubblestone and 19 concrete blocks from east pier used for riprapping west pier, completed October 1, 1918, and plant towed to Oswego, October 4, 1918. Total cost of work, $13,871.77. Redredging of the entrance channel was commenced with U. S. dredge Sodus and attending plant on June 21, 1919, and about 25 per cent completed at the close of the fiscal year. The amount of material (sand) dredged and removed was 5,102 cubic yards, scow measure, at a field cost of $1,199.52. The total expendi- tures during the fiscal year were $14,121.67, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work in connection with the improvement of this harbor was commenced in 1829, and it has con- sisted in narrowing the entrance channel from the lake by the con- struction of two converging breakwaters connecting at their ends with two piers 438 to 473 feet apart, extending lakeward, together with the dredging necessary to secure and maintain a channel between the piers 150 feet wide and 15 feet deep at low water datum. The structures are all of the timber crib type, all of the timber super- structure of the piers having been replaced with concrete. The east and west piers are 1,294 feet and 1,580 feet long and the east and west breakwaters 1,438 feet and 495 feet long, respectively. The existing project is completed. The extension of the west and east piers to their present length was completed during the fiscal years RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y.2 DISTRICT. 1723 1884 and 1886, respectively, and the dredging of the channel to the 15 -foot depth was completed during the fiscal year 1890. The chan- nel is unstable and requires annual redredging to maintain the project depth. The piers, where the timber superstructure has been replaced with concrete, are in good condition. The timber super- structure on both the breakwaters is badly decayed. The controlling depth in the channel at the close of the fiscal year was 13 feet at low- water datum. The total expenditures under the existing project were $285,590.55, of which $46,480 was for new work and $239,- 110.55 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law at the time of adoption of the project. The following work has been done for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by other sources than Congress: In 1911 the Northern Central Railroad Co. did some dredging in channel across the bar in front of its coal trestle, where the minimum depth was about 13- feet. and made a channel 500 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 14 feet deep, 700 cubic yards of sand being removed at a cost of $136.26. Terminal facilities.-These consist of the following: A coal trestle, located on the west side of the bay, 11 miles inside of entrance; a merchandise wharf about 200 feet long, near the coal trestle, having a small freight house and a derrick and hoisting engine for unloading freight. These terminals are open to use by all water carriers on equal terms and are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities, see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Proposed operations.-With the funds available it is proposed to redredge the entrance chanel, to care for and repair dredging and pier-repair plant, and to replace with concrete a portion of the de- cayed superstructure of the east breakwater, which, with incidentals, will exhaust the available funds. Required annual redredging, care and repair of dredging and pier- repair plant, and replacing an additional portion of the decayed superstructure of the east breakwater should be provided for, and an estimate of $8,000 for additional funds for maintenance is there- fore submitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-- here were no receipts. The shipments consisted of soft coal, which is carried in vessels of 12 to 14 feet draft. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914....... ....... 47,673 $140,464 1917..................... 103,247 $460,894 1915 .................. 51, 958 151,618 1918 .............. .. . -35,932 164,967 1916..................... 190,889 665,441 1724 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from salbs, etc., amounting to $338.78: New work---------------------------------------------- $408,251.80 Maintenance________________ ______--------------- 239, 110. 55 Net total expended ----------------- 647, 362.35 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 657, 484. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................. ..... ................ Expended for maintenance................ 6,066.68 $12,138.48 $14,901. 2 $7,658.52 $14,121.67 Appropriated or allotted................ ................... 19,000.00 21,500.00 7,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ------ ___________-_____ _ $17,180. 34 Amourit allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__ 2, 000.00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_- 5,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919________________ 63. 78 24, 244. 12 June 30,1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 14, 121. 67 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------------------- 10, 122. 45 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------------_---------- 770. 08 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance------------- 9, 352. 37 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_____________2______________ _ 8,000. 00 11. HARBOR AT LITTLE SODUS BAY, N. Y. (B5). SLocation and description.-This is a nearly landlocked bay 13 miles west of Oswego Harbor, N. Y., 2 miles long, one-fourth to five-eighths mile wide, connected with Lake Ontario by an entrance channel 2,300 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 152 feet deep at low-water datum, protected by timber-cribs piers 250 feet apart. See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 2 and 227. Original condition.-The bay is 18 to 50 feet deep and was origi- nally connected with the lake by a channel about 150 feet wide and 18 inches deep. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, and modified by river and har- bor acts of June 23, 1866, and March 3,1871. The amount expended under these projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1882, was $232,327.75; all for new work. For further details of pre- vious projects see page 1973 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 152 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the lake to the bay between parallel piers of the timber-crib type with concrete superstructure, about 250 feet apart, the west pier to be 1,747 feet long, and the east pier 1,810 feet long, connected at its inner end with a timber-crib con- crete breakwater 1,680 feet long. 1 Not deducting receiptsr from sales', etc. 2E xeus~ive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1725 The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet .below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 14 feet on Lake Survey chart No. 227. Fluctuations of water surface, due to wind, are negligible. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1882, is $80,000, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 30, 1852, provided inferentially for the piers (Annual Report for 1874, p. 256), modified in 1871 to provide for the east pier 250 feet from the west pier and the connect- ing east breakwater (Annual Report for 1871, p. 234), modified in 1881 to provide for extending the piers to the 15-foot contour in the lake and for a channel 15 feet deep (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2444), modified by the Chief of Engineers August 29, 1898, to re- store and maintain the entrance channel 150 feet wide and 151 feet deep without further extension of the piers for the present (Annual Report for 1899, p. 546), modified by the act of June 13, 1902, to provide for east pier extension of 300 feet (Annual Report for 1901, p. 3564), concrete superstructure on piers and breakwater authorized under maintenance by the Chief of Engineers in 1905 and 1907 (An- nual Report for 1905, p. 2397, and for 1907, p. 2121). The latest pub- lished map is in the Annual Report for 1881, p. 2446, and Lake Sur- vey Chart No. 227. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Redredging channel to project depth, 151 feet at low-water datum, with United States dredge Sbdus and attendant plant, was started November 4 and completed November 28, 1918, much time being lost by reason of heavy seas. The amount of material, sand, removed was 11,860 cubic yards, scow measure, at a cost of $2,430.09, approximately 20 cents per cubic yard, scow measure. An examination of the channel was made May 7-8, 1919, show- ing a limiting depth of 14.3 feet at low-water datum on the bar just inside outer end of piers; cost of examination, $39.31. Other ex- penditures during the fiscal year, for care and repair of floating plant and general expenses, including liabilities at end of previous fiscal year, amounted to $4,105.67. The total expenditures were $6,575.07 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The improvement was com- menced in 1854 and has consisted of the following: Construction of two parallel piers 250 feet apart-east pier 1,810 feet long and west pier 1,747 feet long; construction of two breakwaters connecting the inner ends of these piers to the shore-east and west breakwaters being 1,680 feet and 459 feet long, respectively; dredging of a chan- nel 150 feet wide and 15z feet deep at low water. The structures are all of the timber-crib type, the piers and 1,140 feet of the east break- water having concrete superstructure. The west and east piers were completed to their present lengths during the fiscal years 1886 and 1906, respectively, and the original dredging contemplated by the existing project was completed during the fiscal year 1896. The piers and the part of the east breakwater having concrete super- structure are in good condition, the timber superstructure of the re- mainder being badly decayed. The controlling depth in the channel 1726 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. is 14.3 feet. The channel is unstable and requires redredging an- nually. Redredging of about 3,200 cubic yards, scow measure, is now required to restore project depth. The total expenditure under the present project to the end of the fiscal year was $304,185.55, of which $69,066.20 was for new work and $235,119.35 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About $6,000 was ex- pended in 1857 by the Ontario Bay Harbor Improvement Association in dredging the channel in amplification of Government dredging. Terminal facilities.-These consist of the following: A coal trestle located on the east side of the bay, three-fourths mile inside of en- trance used for the shipment of hard coal. A wharf about 300 feet long near the coal trestle has not been used for several years. These terminals arie open to use by all water carriers on equal terms and are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The project is reported to have a ma- terial effect in controlling freight rates on bulk commodities, such as coal, grain, lumber, and ore. It has facilitated navigation by pro- viding a channel into the bay having a depth of 15z feet at low water where the original depth was only 18 inches. Proposed operations.--With the funds available it is proposed to redredge the entrance channel, repair and care for dredging and pier-repair plant, and replace with concrete a portion of the de- cayed timber superstructure on the east breakwater, which will exhaust the available funds during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920. Required annual redredging, repair and care of dredging and floating pier-repair plant, and replacing additional portion of de- cayed timber superstructure on the east breakwater should be pro- vided for, and an estimate for additional funds for maintenance, $8.000, is therefore submitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-There were no receipts. The shipments consisted of hard coal, which is carried in vessels of 12 to 14 feet draft. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914.................... 133.968 $643,775 1917...................... 158,316 $S78,616 1915...................... 130,708 632,670 1918................. ... 112,769 671,238 1916 ................... 129,570 677,064 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work---- ---------------------------------- 301, 393. 95 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 235, 119. 35 Net total expended ----------------------------- 536, 513. 30 Total appropriations to date of this report-----__ ---------- 544, 762.73 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1727 Fiscal yeat ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................... . ...... Expended for maintenance .............. $1,945.36 $9,137.36 $14,701.32 $698.73 $6,575.07 Appropriated or allotted.......................... ... ....... .... 12,000.00 4,000.0 July 11, 1918, balance unexpended--__________________________ $10, 824. 50 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 - 4, 000. 00 14, 824. 50 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 6, 575. 07 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_.____---------- - 8, 249. 43 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ----------------------------- 4. 45 July 1, 1919, balance available for maintenance __________-__--- 8, 244. 98 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance- -------------------------- 18, 000. 00 12. HARBOR AT OSWEGO, N. Y. (B6). Location and description.-This harbor, 59 miles east of Charlotte Harbor, N. Y., comprises the lower 2,200 feet of the Oswego River, about 350 feet wide, the cove at its mouth about 1,000 feet long and 200 feet wide and an outer breakwater-protected harbor in Lake Ontario 5,000 feet long and 600 feet wide. See United States Lake Survey charts Nos. 2 and 22. Original condition.-This harbor consisted of the lower part of the river and the cove at its mouth, this cove having no protection against the lake seas. It was navigable for light-draft boats for a distance of three-fourths of a mile upstream. The original depth and width of channel are unknown. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1831; June 23, 1866; July 25, 1868; July 11, 1870; March 3, 1881; the sundry civil act of March 3, 1893; and the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894. The total expenditure under these projects prior to the adoption of the present project in 1896 was $1,831,819.64, of which $1,468,939.71 was for new work and $362,879.93 for maintenance since 1881. For further details of previous projects see page 1973 of Annual Report for 1915. IExisting project.-This provides for an entrance channel 23 feet deep; for a timber-crib breakwater with stone riprap and concrete superstructure 6,032 feet long, with a gap 75 feet wide near the west end to form an outer harbor; for deepening the outer harbor to 21 feet, 600 feet wide in the eastern portion to coal trestle and to 16 feet, and 150 feet wide along the breakwater west of coal trestle; for an inner harbor 151 feet deep in the mouth of Oswego River up to the north line of Seneca Street, 400 to 500 feet wide, except where divided by two islands into two channels 200 and 100 feet wide; for an inner west breakwater and lighthouse pier 1,657 feet long of timber-crib type; and an inner east breakwater 750 feet long of timber-crib type. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 125851-ENG 1919--109 1728 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Ontario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths 142 and 14 feet on Lake Survey chart No. 22. Fluctuations of water surface, due to wind, are negligible. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $950,000. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $17,000. The existing project was authorized by" the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1827, provided inferentially for the east and west inner breakwaters (Annual Report for 1874, pp. 261, 262), modified by the act of March 2, 1831, to provide for the west breakwater pierhead (Annual Report for '1874, pp. 261, 262), and by the act of July 25, 1868, to provide for the construction of the lighthouse pier (Annual Report for 1868, pp. 46, 247) ; the act of July 11, 1870, provided inferentially for the outer breakwater to form the outer harbor (Annual Report for 1870, pp. 54, 220, 221)', modi- fied by the act of March 2, 1907, for stone riprap and concrete super- structure under plan (a) (H. Doc. No. 55, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of September 19, 1890, provided inferentially for the deepening of the entrance channel and the outer harbor to 16 feet (Annual Re- port for 1892, p. 2592, and for 1904, p. 626); the sundry civil act of March 3, 1893, provided for the deepening of the inner harbor in the mouth of Oswego River to 151 feet (Annual Report for 1893, p. 3152), modified by the river and harbor act of August 17, 1894, for extension upstream (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3211), by authoriza- tion of the Chief of Engineers March 6, 1897, for further extension upstream, and removal of part of upper island (Annual Report for 1897, p. 3280), and to the north line of Seneca Street, April 20, 1904 (Annual Report for 1904, p. 3346); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for deepening the entrance to the outer harbor to 23 feet, and of the eastern part of outer harbor as far west as Delaware, Lackawanna & Western coal trestle to 21 feet (H. Doc. No. 570, 65th Cong., 2d sess., Areas C and A). The latest published maps are in Annual Report for 1916 and Lake Survey chart No. 22. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Redredging to restore project depth of 16 feet at low-water datum of the channels in outer harbor and along outer breakwater and of a shoal in the entrance channel, which was in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, was completed July 31, 1918, there being dredged and removed dur- ing July 10,994 cubic yards, scow measure, loose material, at a cost of $3,250.45. An examination made April 5-7, 1919, showed shoaling in the outer harbor channel. Redredging with United States plant to restore project depth was begun May 5 and completed June 16, 21,834 cubic yards, scow measure, loose material, being dredged and removed at a field cost of $3,425.40. Decayed timber superstructure on 300 linear feet at inner end of west arm of outer breakwater is being replaced with concrete; work begun April 21, 1919, and in progress at end of fical year at a total field cost to that date of $8,113.89. Concrete made and placed 880 cubic yards. Work of repairing inner and outer breakwaters was done as needed during the year at a cost of $1,748.95. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1729 The steam tug Oswegatchie was sent to Kingston, Ontario, placed in dry dock and overhauled and repaired at a cost of $1,217.33. Other expenditure during the year for upkeep and repair of floating plant, overhead and general expenses amounted to $4,756.34, the total expenditures being $20,763.41, of which $8,113.89 was for new work and $12,649.52 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is regardei as 85 per cent completed. Work has been in progress since 1827, and has consisted in the construction of an inner breakwater across the cove at the mbuth of the river, with a 350-foot opening as an en- trance-the west arm 1,093 feet long, the east arm 750 feet long-- construction of a lighthouse pier 564 feet long, extending north from the east end of the westerly arm of the inner breakwater; construc- tion of an outer breakwater 6,032 feet long, of which 916 feet is a shore return at the western end and 246 feet is a return toward the lighthouse pier at the eastern end; deepening by dredging and rock removal of the outer harbor to 16 feet at low-water datum, and the inner harbor in the mouth of the Oswego River to 151 feet at low- water datum. The structures are of the timber-crib type, the outer breakwater having a heavy riprap protection on the lake face, and 3,294 linear feet of its timber superstructure replaced by concrete. The dredged area of the outer harbor between the outer breakwater and the harbor line is about 30 acres in extent. Under the existing project the repair of the outer breakwater under plan (a) has been 75 per cent completed, narrowing the breach in the outer breakwater 56 per cent completed. The project for deepening the lower part of the Oswego River was indefinite as to extent. The east breakwater has not been built, not being considered necessary under present con- ditions of commerce. The timber superstructure of the breakwater is badly decayed, other parts being in good condition. The con- trolling depth in the outer. harbor is 16 feet and in the inner harbor 152 feet at low water. The west arm of the inner breakwater, now 505 feet long as part was removed for New York State barge canal ter- minal, is in poor condition; east arm maintained by Gerrit Smith estate. The total expenditure under the existing project was $1,074,693.03., of which $737,543.29 was for new work and $337,149.74 for main-- tenance. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Work for the benefit: of the public with funds supplied by other sources than Congress has been done as follows: In 1846 and 1847 the east breakwater was repaired and a gravel bar at the mouth of the river was removed at the expense of private citizens; cost unknown. In 1852 the maintenance of the east breakwater was undertaken by the Gerrit-Smith estate, and it has been so maintained to date. In 1855 dredging to deepen the river channel was done by the city of Oswego at an expense of $10,000. In 1896 the State of New York deepened the approach to the canal basin in the river at Bridge Street to 10 feet; cost unknown. In 1914 the State of New York started the construction of a New York State barge canal terminal in the outer and inner harbors; estimated cost, $348,685. 1730 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Terminal facilities.-The greater part of the freight traffic and all of the passenger traffic is cared for at terminals in the inner har- bor in the mouth of the Oswego River, including the East Cove and the basin inside the inner breakwater. The remainder of the freight traffic is cared for in the outer harbor behind the outer breakwater. The wharves are all timber cribwork, with earth back filling, on which the structures are built. The terminals include 1 grain elevator, storage capacity 500,000 bushels; 2 coal trestles; 5 lumber wharves, only one in good condi- tion; and 1 passenger wharf. The terminals are all'owned and op- erated by corporations and private parties, and, except the passenger wharf, are open to use on equal terms by all water carriers chartered to transport the class of freight handled. There are also two terminals owned by the State of New York, forming part of the barge-canal system. These are public docks. The terms and conditions of use are covered' by the terminal act, chapter 74, Laws of 1911, New York. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Eff'ect of improvement.-The project is reported to have a material effect in controlling freight rates on bulk commodities, such as coal, grain, lumber, and ore, and it also affords a refuge for vessels run- ning between the St. Lawrence River and other Lake Ontario ports. Proposed operations.-The available balance, amounting to $124,- 488.57, will be expended as follows: New work: (a) Deepening the eastern end of the outer harbor and entrance channel ---------------- ___ _ $50, 000. 00 (b) Completing concrete superstructure on the inner 300 feet of the shore arm of the outer breakwater_ ----------- 8, 000. 00 (c) Concrete superstructure on main breakwater where most necessary_---------------------------------- -- 50,000.00 Maintenance: Redredging channels, which includes repair and care of United States floating plant, minor repairs to breakwater and lighthouse pier, and general harbor supervision-_______ _ 16, 488. 57 Total --------------------------------------------- 124, 488.57 Item (a) will be done by United States dredging plant at such times as will not interfere with needed operations of the plant at other Lake Ontario harbors, and at such rate as will complete it by the time the enlargement of the Welland Canal is completed, assumed to be in the spring of 1922; item (b) will be completed in August, 1919; and item (c) will be done during the working season of 1920. No additional funds for new work will, therefore, be required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Under maintenance, annual repairs during the winter 1919-20, redredging in the spring of 1920, and current general supervision will exhaust the funds available by June 30, 1920. Required annual redredging at an estimated cost of $4,000; repair and care of dredging and pier repair plant, $2,500; maintenance of old wooden structures, including lighthouse pier, $4,500; minor re- pairs, office and general expenses, $4,000, should be provided for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, and an estimate of $15,000 for addi- tional funds for maintenance is therefore submitted. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1731 Recommended modiffcations of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The receipts consisted of lumber and mis- cellaneous freight, and the shipments of hard coal. Of the traffic for which tonnage figures are obtainable, hard coal constituted 99 per cent, carried in vessels of 12 to 15 feet draft; and lumber consti- tuted 1 per cent, in vessels of 9 to 14 feet draft. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake. By Barge Canal. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914.............. ............................ 785, 299 $4,148, 610 ............ .. 1915. ........................................... 753,942 4,251,055 ....... 1916.................................................. 55, 266 2,962,414 138,633 738, 426 1917........ .................................. 577,696 3,349,333 27,334 478,012 1918................................... 516,111 3,577,377 6,906 212,269 1 Opening of Barge Canal traffic. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work-------------------------------------------- $2,206,483.00 Maintenance-------------------------------------------- 700,029. 67 Net total expended-----------------------------------2, 906, 512. 67 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------3, 035, 083. 99 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................... $199, 436. 70 $128, 730. 19 $2, 306.33 ........... $8, 113. 89 Expended for maintenance ............... 1, 112. 13 7053. 63 10, 487.46 $27,408. 75 12, 649. 52 Total expended...................... 200,548.83 135,783.82 12, 793.79 27, 408.75 20,763.41 Appropriated or allotted................. 100,000.00 .......... 100,000.00 ............ 73,000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ------------- $76, 334. 73 $------------- Amount allotted from river harbor act approved July 18, 1918--_ 23, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 50, 000. 00 149, 334. 73 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work---------------------------------$8, 113.89 For maintenance ------------ 12, 649. 52 20, 763. 41 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended 128, 571. 32 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ 4, 082. 75 July 1, 1919, balance available---------------------------------124, 488. 57 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance _ _ __ 15, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. 1732 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 13. HARBOR AT CAPE VINCENT, N. Y. (B7). Location and description.-This harbor is located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River 2 miles from Lake Ontario. It consists of a river-wharf frontage 1 miles long, with a timber-crib breakwater 500 feet from shore, covering about one-sixth of the frontage. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 2. Original condition.-The harbor was an open roadstead in the St. Lawrence River. It was exposed to seas from Lake Ontario, due to westerly winds. The depth of water at the wharves was about 12 feet, increasing to 23 feet about 500 feet from shore. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project'in 1899 was $247.29, for surveys, and charged to new work. For further details of previous project, see page 1975 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a timber-crib breakwater 1,500 feet long in the St. Lawrence River parallel to and 500 feet from the railroad wharf, 150 feet, or as much of the breakwater as required, to be shore return at the upper end. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1899, is $200,000 exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (Annual Report for 1897, pp. 3286-3288). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 2165. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A custodian was em- ployed throughout the year to regulate the mooring of vessels to the breakwater. The expenditure for this purpose and for inspections was $179.40, chargeable to maintenance; $133.28 was paid in July, 1918, for work in previous fiscal year. Total expenditures for the fiscal year $312.68 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work done has consisted in the construction of a breakwater 1,381.3 feet long, of which 50 feet is shore return. The breakwater is of timber-crib type with con- crete superstructure. The project is about 89 per cent completed, and the construction of the remaining 169 feet of breakwater is con- sidered unnecessary at present. The controlling depth at the close of the fiscal year was 20 feet at low water. The total expenditure under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $221,- 530.93, of which $198,819.03 was for new work and $.22,711.90 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of the following: The passenger and package-freight wharf of the New York Central Railroad Co., also used for landing by the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Co. boats, which have preference, otherwise it is open to all water carriers on equal terms; one hay dock, one pulp-wood dock in bad repair, and one private merchandise dock having no railroad connection. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty- third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Cape Vincent is at the head of a stretch of the St. Lawrence River which is dangerous to navigation at night, RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1733 and the breakwater furnishes a convenient mooring place for vessels which are going down the river and enter it at night or in thick weather and for those which are storm bound when going up the lakes. The effect of the improvement on freight rates, if any, is only an indirect one, due to its facilitating general navigation by making it safer. Proposed operations.-Fundsavailable are sufficient for the pay of a custodian and for necessary work of maintenance to June 30, 1920. Estimate for additional funds-$500, for maintenance-is submitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The receipts in the order of their value consisted of fish, miscellaneous freight, hay, cattle, and horses, and the shipments of miscellaneous items. Of the traffic for which tonnage figures are obtainable, hay con- stituted 76 per cent, fish 13 per cent, cattle 9 per cent, horses 1 per cent, and straw 1 per cent. All products are carried in vessels of 8 to 10 feet draft, being a ferry service to and from Kingston, Ontario. The commerce reported for Cape Vincent is not affected by the im- provement. Comparative statement. By lake and river. By lake and river. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914........... ........ 6, 641 $371,747 1917 ............. ...... 1 6, 906 $275, 859 1915.................... 14, 338 277,200 1918....... ..... ........ 13, 222 216, 184 1916 .................... 1 2, 062 362, 783 1 Tonnage of receipts only. Weight of shipments not known. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $168.07: New work---------__ ------------------------------------- $199, 066. 32 Maintenance_______ ---------------------------------------------- 22, 711. 90 Net total expended---------------------------------- ---- 221, 778. 22 Total appropriations to date of this report 500. 00 2--------------------222, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1................. 1 . . .. . . .. . .. . .. $11, . 217.82 $27,328.87... Expended for maintenance 137. 71 $5,510.75 816,401.88 $312. 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expended 1. .... 11,217.82 27,466.58 5, 510, 75 16,401.88 312.68 Appropriated or allbtted ........................... ............ 20,000.00 2,000.00 500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended--------------------------------- $534. 46 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919.... 500. 00 1,034. 46 1734 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ $312. 68 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended__------------------_ _- 721. 78 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ -------------------- 10. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, only for maintenance -------------- 711. 78 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance______-__________________ 1500. 00 14. HARBOR AT OGDENSBURG, N. Y. (BS). Location and description.--This harbor is located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River 62 miles from Lake Ontario. It consists of a dredged channel from 200 to 350 feet wide along a city wharf frontage of about 1 mile with an entrance channel from the St. Lawrence River at its upper end and an entrance channel and basin at the lower end, 1,600 to 2,100 feet wide, extending from the wharves to the main St. Lawrence River channel. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 13. Original condition.-When work was first undertaken by the Gov- ernment in 1868 the depth at low water was 9 feet through the upper entrance channel, 10 to 12 feet at the lower entrance channels, and 6 to 12 feet along the city front, widths unknown. The Oswegatchie River was navigable for about 800 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of August 2, 1882, and September 19, 1890, by authority of the Chief of Engineers, dated February 27, 1897, and by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $401,892.14, of which $271,379.82 was for new work and $130,512.32 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1975 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an upper entrance channel 19 feet deep and 400 feet wide; for a channel 19 feet deep and 350 feet wide along the city water front; and for a lower entrance channel and basin 19 feet deep, 1,600 to 2,100 feet wide along the lower wharf frontage. The project depth is referred to the water surface of the river when Lake Ontario is at low-water datum, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This river surface is at elevation 243.7 feet and corresponds to depth 18 feet on Lake Survey chart No. 13. Fluctuations, due to wind, are negligible. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $259,970; exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the several channels 19 feet deep and generally 300 feet wide (H. Doc. No. 920, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for widening of the upper entrance channel to 400 feet, and of the city front chan- nel to 350 feet (H. Doc. No. 663, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1735 published map is in House Document No. 663, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, and Lake Survey chart No. 13. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no field operations during the year; An examination of the channels was made May 21-30, 1919, in connection with dredging to be done early in the next fiscal year. Cost of survey, $183.17. Other expenditures for care and repairs of plant, etc., amounted to $816.27. Total ex- penditure during the fiscal year, $999.44 for maintenance. Condition at- end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 65 per cent completed, the work remaining to be done being the widen- ing of channels authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. The work done has consisted in dredging the channels and basin to a depth of 19 feet at low-water datum. The controlling depth in the channel at the close of the fiscal year was 17 feet at low- water datum. The total expenditure under the existing project was $136,319.58, of which $128,536.61 was for new work and $7,782.97 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The principal freight wharf is that of the Rutland Railroad Co., situated in the lower harbor with a frontage of 2,300 feet. It and the connecting car ferry line landing have not been used since the railroad company sold its boat line in compliance with the Panama Canal act. There is one freight wharf and car ferry landing on the west side of the Oswegatchie River. Transfer of freight between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Ontario, is by the car ferry CharlesLyon. There are 4 coal docks; 2 grain elevators, one with a storage ca- pacity of 500,000 bushels and the other of 90,000 bushels; 1 lumber wharf, little used; 2 small wharves, known as the Plumb and Hacket, used mainly for summer passenger traffic, excursion boats; 1 wharf used by a passenger ferry, Miss Vandenburg, that operates during the entire year between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Ontario, on the opposite shore of the St. Lawrence River. Generally the wharves are open to all water carriers on equal terms. There is also one public wharf located in the central harbor, used as a passenger land- ing during the summer months; open to all water carriers free of charge. These facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Docu- ment No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement probably has a mate- rial effect in controlling freight rates on bulk commodities, such as coal, grain, lumber, and ore. It has facilitated navigation by pro- viding increased depth to permit the accommodation of vessels of greater draft. Proposed operations.-The available balance, amounting to $78,- 646.41, will be expended as follows: New work : Widening of channels to complete the existing project (H. Doc. No. 663, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) __-------------------------- $72. 000. 00 Maintenance: Redredging of channels, $5,000; pro rata cost of annual repairs and care of dredging plant, $1,000; general harbor supervi- sion and office expenses, $646.41__--------_ ---------------- 6, 646. 41 Total__ ____ _ 78, 646.41 1736 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The new work will be done by contract to be completed during the working season of 1920. Under maintenance, redredging of channels where shoaling has developed-to be incorporated in the contract for new work-annual repair and care of dredging plant during the winter of 1919-20, and current general supervision will exhaust the fund available by June 30, 1920. Required annual redredging, pro rata cost of annual repairs to plant, and office and general expenses, should be provided for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, and an estimate of $3,000 for addi- tional funds for maintenance is therefore submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal receipts in the order of their value consisted of raw silk, miscellaneous freight, nickel matte, silk goods, lumber, steel shells, crude rubber, woolen goods, wood pulp, and coal. All of these items, except part of the wood pulp and all of the coal, were ferried across the St. Lawrence River from Prescott, Ontario. The shipments consisted of miscellaneous merchandise. All commerce makes use of some part of the im- provement, with the exception of 70,679 short tons of lumber and pulp wood aggregating about 71 per cent of the total tonnage, which does not use and is not affected by the improvement. Of the total tonnage in 1918, miscellaneous freight comprised 34 per cent, coal 24 per cent, lumber 15 per cent, pulp wood 12 per cent, nickel matte 5 per cent, wood pulp 4 per cent, news-print paper 1 per cent, and miscellaneous items 5 per cent. Coal is carried in vessels varying from 12 to 164 feet draft, and other products in vessels varying in draft from 12 to 14 feet. Comparative statement. By water. By water. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1914.................... 959,648 $57,505,133 1917...................... 1,029,427 $86,063,657 1915 .................... 1,049,820 47,164,941 1918...................... 922,612 83,536,468 1916 ...................... 1,038,682 88.450,214 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ------------------- $399, 916. 43 Maintenance_______-------------------------------------------138, 295.29 Net total expended ---------------------------- 538, 211. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report ____-------__--616, 908. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work...........8...- $5,267.37 .............. Appropriated or allotted 77,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1737 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__-- ---- ___ _____-----$2, 696. 01 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__ 5. 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 72, 000. 00 79, 696. 01 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 999. 44 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended__ --- _______-________ 78, 696. 57 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities __-__- - __ ---- --- __ ____ 50. 16 July 1, 1919, balance available--------___________ _____--- 78, 646. 41 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_--._______-____________-- 13, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,944.61: New work-------- ----------------------------------- _ $3, 993, 142.00 Maintenance ------------------------------------------- 2, 063, 183. 25 Net total expended_ - ____-, __________________ 6, 056, 325.-25 2 Total appropriations to date of this report___________________ 6, 303, 196. 56 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 8 .............. $215,921.89 $156,059.06 $2, 306.33 ........... 8113.89 Expended for maintenance 3.............. 35,040.88 35, 258.26 59,311.18 $66,804.34 44.218.11 Total expended '.................... 250,962 27 191,317.32 61,617.51 66.804.34 52,332.00 Appropriated or allotted................ 112,000.00 12,000.00 139,000.00 35,500.00 184,500.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_____------_____________--------------------- $113,439. 53 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918------------------------------------------------------- 43, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 --------------------------------------------------- 141, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919---------------- 1, 263. 78 299, 203. 31 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal yeair: For new work____ -- -------------------- $8,113.89 For maintenance -------------------------------- 44, 218.11 52, 332.00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended___ ------------------- 246, 871. 31 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ---------------------- 5, 002. 21 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $37,666.21 available only for maintenance ------------------------------------- 241, 869.10 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance -__-____-_-_-_---1 '44, 500. 00 EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED AUGUST 8, 1917. Report dated April 4, 1918, with map, on preliminary examination of St. Lawrence River, from Lake Ontario to the Canadian border, 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 In addition, $1,500 was expended from contributed funds. * Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1738 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. required by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, was duly sub- mitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was trans- mitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 1591, Sixty- fifth Congress, third session. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of July 27, 1916, and March 2, 1919, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Waterway or ship channel between Lake Erie and Lake On- tario. 2. Blatck Rock Channel, N. Y. 3. Tonawanda Harbor and Tonawanda Creek, N. Y. 4. Such routes between the Great Lakes and the Hudson River as may be considered practical by the Chief of Engineers, with a view to securing a waterway admitting ocean-going- vessels to the Great Lakes. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. The district includes that part of California which is south of Monterey Bay (about 324 miles northwest of the entrance to Los Angeles Harbor), together with the Colorado River systeni. District engineer: Maj. Charles T. Leeds, Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. H. Heuer, United States Army, retired. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Colorado River, Ariz__... 1738 3. Los Angeles Harbor, Calif__ 1743 2. San Diego Harbor, Calif.... 1740 4. San Luis Obispo Harbor, Calif, 1751 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 3375 TO 3382. 1. COLORADO IVER, ARIZ. Location and description.-The Colorado River is formed by the junction of the Green and Grand Rivers in southeastern Utah. It flows in a generally southwesterly direction and empties into the Gulf of California outside of the boundaries of the United States. Its drainage area is about 244,000 square miles, and its length is about 1,700 miles. Its annual run-off is about 17,000,000 acre-feet, with high and low water discharges of 225,000 and 3,000 second-feet, re- spectively. At Yuma it is 700 to 800 feet wide. The portion in the United States is a swift-flowing stream carrying a large percentage of silt. It has a fall varying from about 4 feet per mile between the mouth of the Virgin River and El Dorado Canyon to about 1 foot per mile on the lower river. The lower river is very unstable and shifts its bed frequently. Original condition.-The river was navigable by shallow-draft river steamers during every month in the year except under very adverse circumstances as far as Fort Mohave, about 300 miles above RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1739 the United States-Mexico boundary, and at high water it was navi- gated as far as the mouth of the Virgin River, a farther distance of 135 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, and the amount expended thereon was $25,000. For further details of previous project see page 356, An- nual Report, 1886. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of a levee along the left bank of the Gila River, near its junction with the Colorado River at Yuma, Ariz., for the protection of that city. The length of the levee is 4,900 feet and its average height about 13 feet. The ordinary fluctuation in the Colorado River at Yuma is about 16 feet; the extreme fluctuation is about 20 feet. No estimates of original cost or of maintenance were made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, without preliminary examination and survey (see p. 424, Annual Report, 1893). No maps showing this work have been published.- Operations and results during fiscal year.--A total of 17,352 cubic yards of riprap was placed on the river face of the Yuma Levee near its northerly end and at other critical points to prevent further scour of the levee by the river. This work was done at cost plus overhead expenses by the United States Reclamation Service, which has the necessary facilities at hand. The amount spent in this work during the year was $11,938.88 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The levee was completed in 1894. It was 3,698 feet long with an average height of 10 feet. At a later date, according to information received from the United States Reclamation Service, it was lengthened to 4,900 feet and raised to an average height of 13 feet by local interests. Riprapping the north- erly 2,000 feet of the river side of the levee was done in 1917, and extended in 1918 and 1919. The levee is now in satisfactory condi- tion. There is practically no navigation on the river. Due to its un- stable regimen, the river is not navigable below the United States- Mexico boundary. Between the Laguna Dam and Fort Mohave, a 'distance of about 280 miles, boats of 20 to 22 inches draft can navi- gate the river through.practically all the year, requiring, however, that during the lower stages channels be cut through the shifting bars by use of the propelling wheel. The amount expended on the existing project is $9,781.75 for new work, and $21,251.29 for main- tenance, a total of $31,033.04. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted without special con- ditions of local cooperation. The city of Yuma donated the site of the levee and has made minor repairs on it; local interests com- pleted the work of repairing the breaks caused by the flood of January, 1916, and raised the height, at a cost of approximately $14,000. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The city of Yuma is protected from over- flow. Proposed operations.-The levee is now in satisfactory condition. The funds available will be held for further riprapping, if, and when, scour shall make such work necessary. Sufficient funds for this work are now on hand. 1740 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-There is practically no commerce on the river. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ----------------------------------------- $34, 781.75 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 21, 251.29 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 56, 033. 04 Total appropriations to date of this report_______________________ 66, 632.95 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........... ......... .................. . ..... ....................... Expended for maintenance...... ............................. 87,662.41 $1,650.00 $11,938.88 Appropriated or allotted........ .. ......- . .... ......... 14,000.00 ........... 17,851.20 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ----------------- __ ----------- $4, 687. 59 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 10, 000. 00 Amount allotted for emergencies, Aug. 16, and Dec. 6, 1918, act of Mar. 4, 1913------------------------------- ------------ 9, 000. 00 23, 687. 59 Deduction on account of amount returned to the emergencies appropriation ------------------------------------------ 1, 148. 80 22, 538. 79 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 11, 938. 88 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 10, 599. 91 2. SAN DIEGO HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.-San Diego Harbor is just north of the United States-Mexico boundary, 96 miles southeast of Los Angeles Harbor and 506 miles southeast of San Francisco Harbor. It is a natural basin separated from the ocean by a sand spit about 10 miles long. The total area at half tide is about 21 square miles. At mean lower low water, the area with a minimum depth of 21 feet has a width varying from 500 to 2,000 feet and is about 9 miles long. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5100. Original condition.-The channel through the outer bar was 500 feet wide and 22.5 feet deep at mean lower low water. The middle- ground channel was also 22.5 feet deep, but too crooked for safe navigation. The main channel, lying to the west of the middle ground, was of ample depth, but was difficult to navigate on account of a sharp reverse curve. The channel inside the harbor was about one-third mile wide and not less than 30 feet deep up to San Diego, and narrower and shallower up to National City, about 11 miles from the outer bar. Previous projects.-The original project, exclusive of the work authorized August 30, 1852, was adopted by river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and supplemented by acts of September 19, 1890, and June 25, 1910. The amount expended on previous projects was RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1741 $154,703.68 for new work, including the $30,000 appropriated Au- gust 30, 1852. For further details of previous projects see page 1976 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble mound jetty 7,500 feet long on Zuninga Shoal; for an entrance channel 35 feet deep, 570 feet wide through the outer bar, and diverging from a minimum width of 900 feet through the middle ground; for an approach to the San Diego existing and proposed municipal piers outside of the pierhead lines, 32 feet deep; and for an earthen dike 7,735 feet long to divert the San Diego River from San Diego Bay to False Bay. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.5 feet, which is occasionally increased by about 1 foot by winds and local condi- tions. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1918, is $1,404,636, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000 for dredging entrance channel. The existing project was authorized by the following river an' harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1875, provided for the diversion dike (Annual Report, 1873, p. 1142); the act of September 19, 1890, provided for the jetty on Zuninga Shoal (H. Doc. No. 177, 50th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the 35-foot channel through the outer bar (H. Doc. No. 1309, 62d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for widening the approach (area B) to the San Diego municipal pier by dredging area C (north of area B) (H. Doc. No. 648, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for dredging area A (south of area B) (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 64th Cong., 2d sess.), and for dredging the 35-foot channel through the middle ground (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see page 3324, An- nual Report for 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done, as there was no apparent necessity for the immediate undertaking of additional dredging, in view of the fact that the city of San Diego was not prepared to construct an additional pier; nor was there any indication that bids would be received materially lower than those received the previous fiscal year for the same work, which had been rejected as excessive. On August 5, 1918, the approved harbor lines were modified in front of the extreme southeasterly part of San Diego and of National City, and were extended in front of Chula Vista. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $120.14 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 59 per cent completed. The dike was completed in 1876 at a cost of $79,798.72. The jetty on Zuninga Shoal was completed in 1901. Dredging of the outer bar and middle ground channels to depths of 35 and 32 feet, respectively, was completed in 1915. On June 18. 1919, the least depths of water were reported to be 34 feet in the middle-ground channel and not less than 35 feet in the outer-bar channel. The total expenditures under the existing project are $827,332.12 1 for new work and $79,337.39 1 for maintenance, a total of $906,669.51. This amount is changed from last year, die to $345.70 previously charged to mainte- nance being now charged to new work. 1742 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Local cooperation.-The city of 'San Diego has donated to the .United States 500 acres of tide land, known as Dutch Flats, in fulfill- ment of a condition in the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. It also dredged the approach channel to the municipal pier (area B, H. Doc. No. 648, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), removing about 916,000 cubic yards of material, the cost of which is not known. Terminal facilities.-There is a total of 8,339 linear feet of wharf frontage outside of Government-owned wharves. Of this amount 1,700 linear feet is the municipal wharf frontage open to public use, which, with the municipal warehouse and 2,750 linear feet of bulkhead, was built at a cost of $851,000; 4,889 feet are private wharves, but open to public use; and 1,750 feet are wharves owned and controlled by lumber companies and used for lumber traffic. The city of San Diego has built a concrete pier 800 feet long with warehouse 720 feet long and 72.5 feet wide. It has also built a reinforced-concrete bulkhead 2,750 feet long and a temporary bulk- head 6,800 feet long. It has dredged about 1,876,558 cubic yards in excavating a channel 32 feet deep from the main channel to the pier- head line and 35 feet deep on each side of the pier. This work has been done at a cost of $1,400,000. The existing terminal facilities are adequate for present commerce. The city -of San Diego con- templates the construction of an additional pier to provide for ex- pected increase in commerce. Coal is unloaded from vessels into bunkers by means of buckets handled by small power cranes. From the bunkers it is loaded into cars by gravity. Merchandise, lumber. etc., are handled by ship's tackle. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered the har- bor available to modern steamships of the greatest draft ordinarily used on the Pacific Ocean and has afforded the region the benefits of deeper draft ocean commerce. The harbor in its natural condition could not have been used by such vessels. The volume of the com- merce has increased 268 per cent in 15 years. Proposed operations.-Dredging the middle-ground channel and areas C and A northerly and southerly, respectively, of the approach to the municipal pier will be begun if reasonable prices are obtain- able. It is contemplated that the middle ground and area C, begin- ning at its southerly side, will be dredged first. Dredging area A will be done subsequently. It is impracticable to estimate the prob- able date of begining this work, the rate of work, or the time of conm- pletion. It is believed that the middle-ground dredging can be completed within the amount of the original estimate which has been appro- priated. The work required in areas A and C was intended to give better access to the municipal pier and also to an adjacent pier pro- posed to be built. It is thought that sufficient width of approach can be obtained with the money already appropriated and therefore no additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1921 with which to complete the project areas. With the balance available for maintenance it is proposed to restore the middle ground and outer bar channels to project dimen- sions if and when shoaling therein progresses to such extent as to hamper commerce. The time when such work may become necessary RIVERS AND HARBORS----LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1743 and: the amount of dredging required can not be forecast. Sufficient funds for doing this work are now on hand. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-r-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists principally of lum- ber, crude oil, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Passe- gers. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Pasn-Short gers. tons. Value. 1914............ 78,910 654,087 $60,184,675 1917........... 33,092 1,068,531 $21,252,419 1915............126,787 550,848 55,302,880 1918........... 20,510 484,729 15,323,878 1916........... 63,916 720,081 36,706,880 All commerce entering the harbor is affected by the improvement. The usual limits of draft are about 23 feet for loaded lumber vessels, 28 feet for oil-carrying vessels, and 30 feet for foreign and inter- ocean commerce. No new lines of transportation have been estab- lished or abandoned during the year. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.50: New work 035. 80 $-------------------- Maintenance__________________________ 79, 337.39 Net total expended ______--------------------- - 1, 061, 373. 19 Total appropriations to date of this report-___________-_ 1, 478, 136. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1............... Expended for maintenance 1............. $119, ......... 559. 78 $30,495.56 397. 80 2 $345. 70 10,031. 12 3 $343. 25.......... 851.31 $120. 14 Totalexpended 1...................... 119,559.78 31,893.36 10,376.82 1,194.56 120.14 Appropriated or allotted............... ................. 220,000.00 174,000.00......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 $345.70 previously charged to maintenance now charged to new work. 3 $0.47 previously charged to maintenance now charged to new work. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_______-________________ $416, 882. 95 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance ----------- 14 1------------------------ 120. July 1, 1919, balance unexpended___________________________ 416, 762. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project______________ --------------------------- '205, 000. 00 3. LOS ANGELES HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.-Los Angeles Harbor is 410 miles south- east of San Francisco Harbor and 96 miles northwest of San Diego Harbor. The harbor consists of two parts, the outer, or breakwater, 1Exclusive of available funds. 125851-ENG 1919- 110 1744 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. harbor (formerly known as San Pedro Harbor), and the inner har- bor, formed by the construction of jetties and by dredging (formerly known as Wilmington Harbor). The outer harbor is irregular in shape, and contains outside of approved harbor lines about 797 acres of channels and anchorage ground. The inner harbor consists of channels 500 to 750 feet wide with turning basins. The water area outside of approved harbor lines is about 776 acres. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5100. Original condition.-The outer harbor was an open roadstead well protected on the west by the bluff which terminates at Point Fermin, but exposed to the southeast, south, and southwest. The bay had varying depths up to 9 fathoms. The inner harbor was a large ex- panse of shallow water, with a depth at the present entrance of less than 2 feet. A narrow, shallow channel led up to Wilmington, a distance of 31 miles. Previousprojects.-Innerharbor: Original project was adopted by river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, June 3, 1896, and June 13, 1902. The amount expended on original and modified projects prior to com- mencement of work under the existing project in 1910 was $1,629,- 313.27 for new work on the inner harbor. For further details of previous projects see page 1977 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble-mound breakwater 11,152 feet long, extending easterly from Point Fermin, for dredging in the outer harbor to a depth of 35 feet an area of irregular shape, about 2,300 feet long, with an average width of about 1,200 feet, lying between the 35-foot contour and the pierhead line west of the inner harbor entrance; for a channel to the inner harbor 30 feet deep, 400 feet wide from the outer harbor to station 290, thence increasing in width from 750 feet at station 290 to 1,000 feet at station 294, and continuing with this width to the turning basin, 1,600 feet in diameter, a total distance of 16,000 feet; for two channels, 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide,' from the turning basin into the east and west basins, with lengths of 9,000 and 5,600 feet, respectively; for a channel 30 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the turning basin to the westerly side of the west basin, about 4,800 feet, with a maneuvering area 450 feet wide and 750 feet long; for a channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide through the east basin to connect with Long Beach Harbor; and for the construction of silt-diversion works for the pro- tection of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors. The plane of refer- ence is mean lower low water. The range of tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.8 feet, which is occasionally increased by about 1 foot by winds. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1918, is $6,810,600, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the present length of breakwater (H. Doc. No. 969, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), and also provided for dredging the inner harbor from entrance to turn- ing basin (H. Doc. No. 1114, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and the channels in the east and west basins (H. Doc. No. 768, 61st Cong., 2d sess); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for dredging in the outer harbor (R. and H. Com.,Doc. No. 8, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the silt diversion works (H. Doc. No. 462, RIVERS AND HARBORS--LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1745 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the present dimensions of the inner harbor channel (H. Doc. No. 896, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), and authorized modifications of the silt diver- sion project approved by the Secretary of War May 7, 1919 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 9, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 18, 1918, provided for the channel of 30-foot depth in the west basin (H. Doc. No. 1072, 65th Cong., 2d sess.), and for the channel connecting with Long Beach Harbor (H. Doc. No. 460, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see page 3326, Annual Report for 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Outer harbor: No work was done. Inner harbor: Repairs to U. S. dredge San Pedro and attendant plant, in progress at the beginning of the year, were com- pleted at a cost of $39,818.55. From August 29 to October 8 the dredge was under lease to the Southwestern Shipbuilding Co. at a total rental charge of $11,076, and dredged 134,140 cubic yards in front of their plant, on the easterly side of the entrance channel. From October 16 to March 20 it dredged 530,000 cubic yards in the west basin channel. The channel was dredged to full length, with a depth of 20 feet only, except at its westerly end (which is the site of the proposed dry dock), where dredging was done to the full project depth of 30 feet. The amount expended on this work during the fiscal year was $48,133.79. From March 21 to June 30 the dredge excavated 320,793 cubic yards in the channel connecting Long Beach and Los Angeles Harbors. This channel was dredged to project depth and width of 20 feet and 200 feet, respectively, for a length of 1,600 feet, beginning at its westerly end, and to a depth of 18 feet and 100 feet width for a further distance of 450 feet. The amount expended on this work during the fiscal year was $23,564.05. Ten pontons were leased to the North American Dredging Co. for 64 days, at a rental of $265.60. Silt diversion: The Los Angeles County flood control district has secured by purchase about 50 per cent of the land required for the river diversion and has instituted condemnation proceedings to acquire title to the remainder. Possessory orders for all of the latter except for a stretch of about 9,500 feet extending along the Pacific Electric Railway trestle, have been issued by the court, whereby immediate entry upon the land pending final award is legalized in accordance with a recent amendment to the State constitution. It is stated by the county counsel that the right of way along the Pacific Electric Railway trestle can be obtained without delay or difficulty. Plans and specifications for construct- ing the silt-diversion works were prepared, and under date of June 18 proposals for doing this work under contract were invited by advertising, bids to be opened July 18. The amount expended on this work during the fiscal year was $1,593.10 for new work. The expenditures during the year amounted to $113,109.49, of which $73,290.94 was for new work and $39,818.55 was for mainte- nance. Of this amount, $111,516.39 was expended on the inner harbor, $71,697.84 being for new work and $39,818.55 for mainte- nance; and $1,593.10 was expended on the silt-diversion project for new work. 1746 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Outer harbor: The breakwater was completed in 1912. Dredging the project area to a depth of 35 feet at mean lower low water has been 98 per cent completed, leaving a strip on its southwesterly side containing about 26,000 cubic yards, the dredging of which is not regarded as urgent. The total amount expended for new work on the outer harbor is $3,365,- 941.51 and for maintenance $15,336.22, a total of $3,381,277.73. Inner harbor: The original 30-foot project was completed in 1914, except about 75,000 cubic yards of silt near Reservation Point. An additional 420,000 cubic yards of silt was deposited in this portion of the harbor during January, 1916. The controlling depth is 29 feet at mean lower low water. The dredging of the two channels to 20-foot depth from the turning basin into the east and west basins is 96 per cent complete; The silt has been dredged from the easterly end of the east basin channel. The westerly end of this channel was dredged to a depth of 30 feet by the city of Los Angeles. The west basin channel is completed to full project depth and width except for 2,450 feet at its northerly end, where it is only 150 feet wide. The controlling depth at mean lower low water in the southwesterly half of the east basin channel is 22 feet, in the northeasterly half it is 20 feet, and in the west basin channel it is 18 feet. The channel from the turning basin to the westerly side of the west basin has been dredged to a width of 200 feet and a depth of 20 feet except at its westerly end, where dredging has been done to the project depth of 30 feet to permit the construction of the proposed dry dock. The channel connecting Long Beach and Los Angeles Harbors has been dredged to a width of 200 feet and a depth of 20 feet for a distance of 1,600 feet from its westerly end and to a width of 100 feet and a depth of 18 feet for a farther distance of 450 feet. The city of Long Beach has dredged this channel to a depth of 10 to 12 feet for a length of 2,250 feet from its easterly end and 20 feet deep for a farther length westerly of 1,900 feet. The amount expended on the existing project for new work in the inner harbor is $826,883.19 and for maintenance $193,055.78, making a total of $1,019,938.97. Silt diversion: Due to certain conditions as to local cooperation not yet fulfilled no work has been done toward the diversion of silt from Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors. The amount expended on the existing project for new work is $1,593.10. The amount expended on all eight parts of the existing project is $4,194,417.80 for new work and $208,392 for maintenance, a total of $4,402,809.80. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, provides (H. Doc. No. 462, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) that before any silt diversion work is undertaken by the United States assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War shall be given that the city or county of Los Angeles or other agencies will provide the right of way, defray the cost of necessary roads and bridges, adjust all dam- age claims, and maintain the improvement after its completion. The Los Angeles County flood-control district has agreed to perform the last three conditions required. It has provided funds for the purchase of right of way for the silt-diversion work and for the construction of necessary roads and bridges. The acquisition of the necessary right of way is now nearly completed. RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1747 The act of August 8, 1917, provides (H. Doc. No. 896, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) that the United States shall incur no expense for the land required for widening the inner harbor channel nor for removal of the present wharves. The city of Los Angeles and the Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad Co. are the owners of the land required for widening the inner harbor channel. Negotiations whereby the city will acquire title to all the land required are nearly consummated. When this has been accomplished the city will furnish the required right of way and will guarantee the removal of the wharves thereon free of cost to the United States. The act of July 18, 1918, in making appropriation for a channel connecting Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, provides (H. Doc. No. 460, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) that local interests shall deed to the United States free of cost an additional strip of land 200 feet wide alongside the present 400 feet wide right of way, and shall agree to construct and maintain that part of the channel connecting Los An- geles and Long Beach Harbors lying within the limits of the city of Long Beach, and that work shall not be commenced by the United States on its part of the channel until the necessary steps have been taken to protect it from flood deposits of silt or until local interests have agreed to maintain this part pending the completion of protect- ing works. The strip of land has been deeded to the United States, the required assurances as to the maintenance of the channel have been given, and dredging of the portion of the channel lying within the city of Long Beach has been begun by the city of Long Beach. At the end of the fiscal year 693,580 cubic yards had been dredged, and this portion of the channel had been 47 per cent completed. The act of July 18, 1918, also provides, in making appropriation for dredging in the West Basin (H. Doc. No. 1072, 65th Cong., 2d sess.), that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States any bulkheads considered necessary to hold the dredged ma- terial, and that this work shall not be undertaken until assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War shall have been given that the proposed 10,000-ton dry dock will be built at once. Bulkheads to hold the material thus far dredged have been built and satisfactory assurances of the proposed construction of the dry dock were given, though construction has not yet been started. In the outer harbor the city of Los Angeles has built about 2,50& linear feet of breakwater and bulkhead, creating a fish harbor of approximately 40 acres 12 feet in depth; it has dredged 2,777,000 cubic yards, and private interests have dredged an additional 2,500,000 cubic yards in the channel outside of pierhead lines. In the inner harbor the city has dredged 5,748,000 cubic yards and private interests have dredged about 4,000,000 cubic yards in the channels outside of pierhead lines. The cost of this work is unknown. Terminal facilities.-There is a total of 34,697 linear feet of wharf frontage in the outer and inner harbors. Of this amount 11,879 linear feet are municipal wharves, 13,622 linear feet are wharves owned or controlled by lumber companies and used in the shipment of lumber, and 9,196 linear feet are private wharves, but open to general commercial use. All municipal wharves are open to public use except about 1,400 feet of frontage which is in temporary use by the Navy Department as a naval training station. Vessels of the Standard Oil Co. and the General Petroleum Co. are loaded with 1748- REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. crude oil at the wharves of those companies by flow through pipe lines. Merchandise, lumber, etc., are handled by ship's tackle. The existing facilities are adequate for present commerce. The city of Los Angeles has recently voted $4,500,000 for betterments in har- bor approaches and terminal facilities. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Foreign commerce has developed, and large vessels deliver freight at this port, where formerly it was delivered elsewhere for transshipment to this locality. Fifteen years ago lumber formed 95 per cent of the commerce; last year it was but 38 per cent. The volume of the commerce has increased 172 per cent in 15 years. Proposed operations.-No work is contemplated in the outer har- bor. It is believed that the conditions imposed in the appropria- tion act for widening the inner harbor channel will soon be fulfilled and that dredging in this location may be begun at an early date. It is estimated that the $150,000 available for this work will be expended at the rate of about $25,000 per month, work being prose- cuted northward from the southerly end. As the conditions prece- dent have not yet been fulfilled no additional funds are requested at this time. Dredging of that portion of the channel connecting Long Beach and Los Angeles Harbors that lies within the city of Los Angeles is about 25 per cent completed. It is estimated that it will be completed about March, 1920. After work on the proposed 10,000-ton dry dock to be built in the west basin is begun, dredging the channel from the turning basin to the site of the dry dock will be resumed in time to complete this channel by the time the dry dock is completed. It is impossible at this time to forecast just when work in the West Basin Channel will be resumed. This work is about 40 per cent completed. It is estimated that it will take about six months to complete. It is estimated that in the inner harbor there remains in the project area and above the project depths about 500,000 cubic yards of silt deposited during the floods in 1914 and 1916. As this silt lies in a thin layer it is not a serious obstruction to navigation. On the other hand, the cost of its removal would be relatively high. It is there- fore not considered economical nor necessary to remove this silt at this time, but the unexpended balance of the appropriation for maintenance available for this work, which is $193,035.90, will be held for use in case of additional shoaling. Provided a satisfactory bid for the construction of the works for the diversion of silt from Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors be received, it is estimated that this work will be completed early in 1921. It is estimated that the funds already appropriated for this work will be sufficient to complete it. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.--The commerce consists principally of lum- ber, crude oil, and general merchandise. The Los Angeles Pacific Navigation Co. has established a direct line of transportation to the Orient. The Standard Oil Co. has greatly increased the destina- tions of delivery of crude oil. Numerous ships of other companies have made this a port of call. RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1749 Comparative statement. Calendar year. IPassen- gers. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Passen-Short gers. tons. Value. 1914........... 377, 208 1,734,752 $76,696,764 1917........... 288,917 2,409,046 $87, 843,671 1915. ......... 517,951 1,948,034 88, 651, 408 1918........... 219,243 2,091,056 87,758, 926 1916.. .. ...... 396,703 2,014,425 61,105,441 All commerce entering the outer or inner harbors is benefited by the protection of the breakwater. Vessels docking in the outer har- bor are benefited by the dredging there, and those entering the inner harbor are benefited by the dredging of the channels traversed by them. The west basin channel has been used by ships launched from the shipbuilding plant. The usual limits of draft in this harbor are about 23 feet for loaded lumber vessels, 28 to 30 feet for oil- carrying vessels, and 30 feet for foreign and interocean commerce. Financialsummary. OUTER HARBOR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $97.55: New work --------------------------------------- $3, 365, 941. 51 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 15, 336. 22 Net total expended ----------------------------------- 3, 381, 277..73 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------3, 386, 250. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $111,233.00 ..................... ... ..... .. .... Expended for maintenance 1.............. 10,000.00 $5,259.23 ............ $76.99............ Total expended .................... 121,233.00 5,259.23 76.99.... Appropriated or allotted................. 10,000.00 ................... ...................... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended----------------------------$4, 897. 27 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------------- 75. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended -------------------------------- 4, 972.27 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------- 13,000. 00 INNER HARBOR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $11,980.79: New work------ -------------------------------- 2 $2, 456, 196.46 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 2 193, 055. 78 Net total expended ----------------------------------- 2, 649, 252. 24 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------3, 255, 350. 00 xExclusive of available funds, which are reserved for maintenance of breakwater. Estimated cost of completing dredging project area, which has been indefinitely post- poned. 2$407.69 receipts from sales, previously charged to maintenance, now charged to new work 1750 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.. ............ . . $71,697.84 Expended for maintenance 1.... .. $67, 872.03 $34, 123. 53 $36, 827.33 $2, 713. 16 39, 818. 55 Total expended 1....................67,872.03 34,123.53 36, 827.33 2,713.16 111,516. 39 Appropriated or allotted.................. 117, 000.00 ............ 75,000.00 75,000.00 534, 350. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ 171, 922. 55 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918-.- 434, 350. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919- 100, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_ 11, 341.60 717, 614. 15 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year.1 F'or new work __________________________ $71, 697. 84 For maintenance -------------------------- 39, 818. 55 111, 516. 39 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------------------------- 606, 097. 76 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities---------------------- 10, 933. 56 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $193,035.90 available only for maintenance ---------------------------------- 595, 164. 20 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------- 1, 047, 800. 00 SILT DIVERSION. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ---------------------------------------- $1, 593. 10 Maintenance ------------------------------------------------ Total appropriations to date this report .... _ 1,080, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work. $1, 593.10 Expended for maintenance................ ... ..... .......- ..................... ....- Appropriated or allotted................................. $500,000.00............ 580,000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-------------------------_ $500, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 ----------------------------- 580, 000. 00 1, 080, 000. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work_._ 1, 593. 10 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ------------------------- 1, 078, 406. 90 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. Includes $22,800. the estimated cost of completing the dredging of the West Basin channel to 20 feet depth and 200 foot width, which has been indefinitely postponed. RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1751 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY COVERING LOS ANGELES OUTER 4ND INNER HARBORS AND SILT DIVERSION. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $12,078.34: New work ---- ----------------- 1 $5, 823, 731. 07 Maintenance---------- --------------------------------- 208, 392. 00 Net total expended _____________________---___ 6, 032, 123. 07 Total appropriations to date of this report _________________---7, 721, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1....-.....-...... $111,233.00 $73,290.94 Expended for maintenance 1.... . 77, 872. 03 $39, 382. 76 $36,827.33 $2, 790. 15 39,818. 55 Total expended 1.................... 189,105.03 39,382.76 36,827.33 2,790.15 113,109.49 Appropriated or allotted................... 127, 000.00 .......... 575,000. 00 75,000. 00 1,114, 350.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ___________________________-$676, 819. 82 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918--------------------------- ------ 434, 350. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919.------------------------------------------------------ 680, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919___-------- 11, 416. 60 1, 802, 586. 42 2 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year. For new work----------------------------- $73, 290. 94 For maintenance---------------------------39, 818. 55 113, 109. 49 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----------------------______ 1, 689, 476. 93 July 1, 1.919, outstanding liabilities_______________________--- 10, 933. 56 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $193,035.90 available only for maintenance ___________________-______ 1, 678, 543. 37 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -1______________1___ __ 41, 060, 800. 00 3"___-- 4. SAN LUIS OBISPO HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.-San Luis Obispo Harbor is 9 miles south of the city of San Luis Obispo, 190 miles northwest of Los Angeles Harbor, and 220 miles southeast of San Francisco Harbor. The harbor is an open roadstead, protected on the west and south- west by Point San Luis and a breakwater built along Whaler Reef for a distance of about half a mile. The area protected from south- westerly swells is approximately 570 acres. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5300. Original condition.-Whaler Reef, extending nearly half a mile southeasterly from Point San Luis, formed more or less of a natural breakwater, but during the winter season the harbor was exposed to 1 $407.69 receipts from sales, previously charged to maintenance, now charged to new work. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8 Includes $35,800 the estimated cost of completing dredging project areas in outer harbor and west basin inner harbor, which has been indefinitely postponed. SExclusive of available funds. 1752 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. the heavy swell caused by southerly gales. The minimum usable depths in the protected area varied from 20 to 33 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction on Whaler Reef of a rubblestone breakwater 6 feet above mean high water with a top width of 20 feet, extending from Point San Luis to Whaler Island, a distance of 336 feet, and southeasterly from the island a distance of 1,820 feet, giving a total distance, including the island, of 2,401 feet. The range of tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.3 feet, which is occasionally increased by about 1 foot by winds. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1893, is $568,660. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (S. Doc. No. 81, 49th Cong., 2d sess.). Enlarged dimensions were authorized under date of January 17, 1893 (Annual Report for 1893, p. 3226). In 1898 the line of the breakwater was deflected about 11 degrees toward the harbor (Annual Report for 1898, p. 2933). Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The expenditure of $20.78 was for inspection of the harbor work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted August 27, 1913. The results have been to give increased security to vessels in the anchorage and at the landing. The ex- penditures on this work have been $568,417.13 for new work and $38.03 for maintenance, a total of $568,455.16. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Two wharves, with berthing frontage of 1,600 and 794 feet, respectively, have been built and are operated by the Pacific Coast Railway. They have no highway connection. Nearly all commerce of the harbor passes over these wharves. Oil is loaded on vessels by pipe lines. The remainder of the commerce is loaded or unloaded by ship's tackle. A wharf, with berthing frontage of 540 feet, built at Avila by San Luis Obispo County, has been used but seldom. This wharf has highway but no railway connection. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Prior to the construction of the break- water, the principal commerce was grain, lumber, bituminous rock, and general merchandise. Due to the inadequate railroad service to the harbor, lack of highway connection with the protected wharves, and the construction of a transcontinental railroad through the trib- utary country, the above water-borne commerce has become unimpor- tant and navigation facilities have had little if any influence in the control of freight rates on these commodities. Since the completion of the breakwater to sufficient length to enable deep-draft vessels to lie at the wharves, however, this has become one of the largest oil- shipping ports on the Pacific coast. The oil fleet of the port con- sisted during the past year of 23 vessels and barges of capacities ranging from 11,000 to 77,400 barrels each. The volume of commerce has increased over 2,195 per cent in 14 years. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed, the project having been completed. RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1753 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists principally of crude oil. No lines of transportation have been established or abandoned during the year. All commerce entering the harbor is affected by the protection of the breakwater. The usual limits of draft of oil- carrying vessels are about 27 to 28 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year.Passen- Calendar year. gers. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. ssen-Short tons. gers. Value. 1914............ 985 2,280,319 $10,355,955 1917.................. 2,470,056 $16,438,480 1915 ................... 1,815,233 12,150,432 1918 ... ............... 1,873,285 22,394,146 1916............ .......... 2,153,844 13,873,951 Financialsumnmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.45: New work---------------- ------------------------------ $568, 417. 13 Maintenance_----------------------------------------------- 38. 03 Net total expended___________---------------- 568, 455. 16 Total appropriations to date of this report -- ______ ____________ 568, 660.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........................................... .................. Expended for maintenance 1......... ... 19.75.......... .......... $20.78 Appropriated or allotted. .... .............................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ---------------------------------- $225. 62 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for maintenance___ 20. 78 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended___-------------- 204. 84 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 2, 1919. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, Calif. 2. Morro Bay, Calif., including an entrance channel. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. This district comprises all the waterways and their tributaries along the Pacific coast from the Big Sur River, Calif. (about 124 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1754 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. miles south of the entrance.to San Francisco Harbor), on the south to the Oregon State line on the north, except the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries. This district was in charge of Col. W. H. Heuer, United States Army, retired, who is also the division engineer. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Harbor at San Francisco, 9. Petaluma Creek, Cal if. Calif. (Al)- 1754 (A9) ------------------- 1775 2. Redwood Creek, Calif. (A2)- 1757 10. San Rafael Creek, Ca 1i f. 3. Oakland Harbor, Calif.(A3). 1759 (A10) ------------------ 1778 4. Richmond Harbor, Calif. 11. Monterey Harbor, C a li f. (A4)--------------------1763 (All) 1780 5. San Pablo Bay, Calif. (A5)- 1766 12. Humboldt Harbor and Bay, 6. Suisun Bay Channel, Calif. Calif. (A12) 1782 (A6) -------------------- 1769 13. Crescent City Harbor, Calif. .7. Suisun Channel, Calif. (A7)-_ 1770 (A13) ------------------ 1786 8. Napa River, Calif. (A8)-_ 1772 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 3383 TO 3396. SAN FRANCISCO, OAKLAND, RICHMOND, MONTEREY, HUMBOLDT, AND CRESCENT CITY HARBORS, REDWOOD, PETALUMA, AND SAN RAFAEL CREEKS, NAPA RIVER, SAN PABLO BAY, SUISUN AND SUISUN BAY CHANNELS, CALIF. (GROUP A). 1. HARBOR AT SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. (Al). Location and description.-SanFrancisco Harbor is the largest and most important harbor on the Pacific coast of the United States. It has about 36 square miles of anchorage area, with depths from 40 to 90 feet, and is about 40 miles long and from 3 to 10 miles wide. It is formed by a deep depression roughly paralleling the coast line and separated from the ocean by a narrow ridge of land. A break about a mile wide in this ridge forms the entrance to the bay. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500. Original condition.-The chief impediments to navigation were a number of rocks about the entrance and within the harbor. The approach from the ocean was through the straits of the Golden Gate, with a minimum width of about a mile and usable depths of 30 to 60 feet. The controlling depths at the sea entrance were 32 feet over the crest of the bar, 54 feet in the north channel around the bar, and 35 feet in the south channel. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted in 1868 and enlarged in 1872. The amount spent on original and modified proj- ects prior to commencement of operations under the existing project in 1899 was $154,927.84 for new work. For further details of pre- vious projects, see page 1978 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of Centissima Rock to a depth of 40 feet, of Rincon Reef Rocks to a depth of 35 feet, and of Arch Rock, Blossom Rock, and Shag Rocks Nos. 1 and 2 to a depth of 30 feet. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1755 high water is 5.77 feet with an extreme range of 10 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1918, is $901,220, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. This revision is a reduc- tion in the amount formerly stated as the estimate of cost of this project made necessary by the discovery of a duplication of one of the items making up this total due to an error through the loss of the records in the San Francisco office in the fire of 1906. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the removal of Arch Rock and Shag Rocks Nos. 1 and 2 (Annual Report for 1898, pp. 2924-2925); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for further ex- cavation on Blossom Rock (Annual Report for 1898, p. 2925); and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of Centissima Rock and Rincon Reef Rocks (H. Doc. No. 1119, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the latter document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No new work was done. The harbor was patrolled as usual with the inspection boat Suisun by day labor to prevent illegal dumping and the depositing of float- ing timbers, old piles, etc., in the harbor. This is partly maintenance work and partly enforcement of Federal laws for the protection of navigable waters. The expenditures were $8,817.39, all of which is chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916, and the project depths now exist. The total expendi- tures under the existing project were $497,823.17 for new work and $65,717.90 for maintenance, a total of $563,541.07. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted without any condi- tions being imposed. The State of California owns the water front of San Francisco and has erected a system of docks costing about $45,000,000 to date, including the cost of dredging and maintenance of channel approaches. The State maintains two dredging plants to keep the slips and approaches clear. Terminal facilities.-The State now has about 61 piers, including some new piers under construction. Some of the old piers are of ordinary pile construction, but most of the piers are of concrete con- struction throughout and average about 700 feet in length. Spur tracks extend out onto most of the piers, affording direct connection with belt line railroad, and practically all of the piers have ample warehouse storage facilities. The piers handling bulk freight are equipped with mechanical freight handling devices. In addition, there are eight passenger ferry slips. All these terminal facilities are publicly owned, and are all open to general public use upon a rental basis at reasonable rates, and the facilities afforded are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. The new constructions contemplated will afford ample facilities for future increases in commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The chief menaces to shipping entering and leaving the port have been removed, but there has been no effect on freight rates. Proposed operations.-With the funds available, the patrol boat Suisun will be used to prevent illegal dumping within the harbor, 1756 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. encroachments on the tidal prism by unauthorized reclamation work along the shores of the bay, or any other infractions of regulations. (a) The funds will be expended as follows: Operation and repairs to U. S. S. Suisun, 12 months at $500 ---- $6, 000. 00 Office expenses and contingencies ---------------------------- 1,329. 76 Total --------------------------------------------- 7 329. 76 (b) With the funds contained in the accompanying estimate the above work will be continued through the fiscal year 1921, as follows: Operation and repairs to U. S. S. Suisun, 12 months at $500------ $6, 000. 00 Superintendence, contingencies, etc------------------------2, 000. 00 Total ---------------------------------------------------- 8,000. 00 Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Practicallyall of the commerce reported is affected by the improvement, but it would be impracticable to show the portions that use the different improved sections. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is about 32 feet for the largest trans- Pacific liners, 20 feet for coastwise vessels, and from 8 to 10 feet for river steamers and ferryboats. The commerce for the year consisted of fuel oil, general merchandise, lumber, food products, etc., and amounted to 6,042,543 tons, valued at $507,551,512. The tonnage for the last five calendar years was as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. 'Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914.................. 9,907, 549 $554,063,227 1917................. 9,294,366 $650,912,754 1915............... 9,917,595 831,164 646 1918................. 6,042,543 507,551,512 1916.................. 12,816,319 885,342,464 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.13: New work_ -------------------- $652, 751. 01 Maintenance------- --------------------------------------- 65, 717. 90 Net total expended---------------------- 718, 468. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------_ 726, 103. 74 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1................ $36,300.00 $29,915.29...... Expended for maintenance 1............. 14,954.10 8,121.73 $12,729.94 811,189.28 $8,817.39 Total expended ................... 51,254.10 38,037.02 12,729.94 11,189.28 8,817.39 Appropriated or allotted....... ............ 12,000.00 ........... 15,000.00 .... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1757 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended---------- ----------- $16, 452. 22 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 8, 817. 39 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_______ _________-________ 7, 634. 83 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_____________-__________ 305. 07 -____ July 1, 1919, balance available.._____________-- 7, 329. 76 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance _- __ -- ________ - - - 18, 000. 00 2. REDWOOD CREEK, CALIF. (A2). Location and description.-This creek rises in the hills west of Redwood City, flows northeasterly, anid empties into San Francisco Bay about 25 miles south of San Francisco. The creek proper is 5 miles long, and it is tidal throughout. The drainage area is about 40 square miles, and owing to its nature the stream is subject to some silting during each rainy ,season. There is no fluvial discharge ex- cept that caused by winter rains, which are usually confined to one month of the year. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500. Original condition.-The creek was dry at low water in a number of places and navigation was possible only at the medium or higher stages of the tide. The channel in use had a width' varying from 80 to 400 feet. The head of navigation was at Redwood City, Calif., 64 miles. from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of July 5, 1884, and modified by the act of June 13, 1902. The amount spent on original and modified projects prior to the beginning of work on the existing project in 1911 was $31,442.66 for new work. For further details of previous project, see page 1979 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 150 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean lower low water from San Francisco Bay up to the city dock, about three-fourths mile below Redwood City. The length of the section included in the project is 34 miles, and its lower end is 24 miles from the mouth of the creek. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 9.2 feet, with an extreme range of 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1909, is $12,000, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects. The latest (1909) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance-is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 307, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). This docu- ment contains the latest published map. Operations and results dur fiscal year.-The only work done during the year was to make a survey to determine the condition of the channel and the extent of deterioration. The expenditures were $100, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in '1911. The controlling depth is 5 feet at mean lower low water. The total expenditure on the existing project was $10,320.80 for new work and $4,455.64 for maintenance, a total of $14,776.44. SExclusive of available funds. 1758 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted without any condi- tions being imposed. Local interests have paid for dredging in the creek to the extent of 600,000 cubic yards, principally for the purpose of reclaiming adjacent land, but incidentally this work has benefited the public interests of navigation. Terminal facilities.-There are six wharves, all of ordinary pile construction except one, which consists of a filled bulkhead. One of the wharves is owned by Redwood City and is open to all water.car- riers on equal terms, with no charges. The others are privately owned, three of which are open to the public when not used by the owners, subject to a wharfage charge of about 10 cents per ton. The other two wharves are reserved for strictly private use. The facili- ties afforded are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The natural condition of the channel has been greatly improved and this has given the community the benefit of water transportation. Proposed operations.-Dredgingfor maintenance will be done if necessary and the expenditures will be distributed as follows: Maintenance: Dredging 28,300 cubic yards, at 30 cents per cubic yard-------$8, 490. 00 Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun_ .. 350. 00 Engineering expenses and contingencies_-........ __ __- 1, 633. 56 Total___-----------------------------------------10, 473. 5 No estimate is made for work in the fiscal year 1921, because it is not believed that any maintenance work will be needed. The de- terioration at the end of the fiscal year amounted to 50,000 cubic yards; all of this material is on the sides of the channel, and it will cost about 10 cents per cubic yard to remove it. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce of this waterway is af- fected by this improvement, and all of it uses the improved section. The usual limit of draft of loaded vessels is 6 feet. The commerce for the calendar year 1918 consisted of hides, leather, fish, salt, etc., and amounted to 8;192 tons, valued at $1,130,740. The total tonnage for the last five years was as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 .................... 28,367 $1,457, 259 1917...................... 24,271 $964,440 1915..................... 41,827 1,998,459 1918..................... 8,192 1,130,740 1916 ..................... 16,014 753,511 A reduction in the quantity of the lower price articles and a marked increase in the value of some of the chief items of com- merce accounts for the larger value for the smaller tonnage for the year 1918. RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1759 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work___---------------------------------------------- $41,763.46 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 4, 455. 64 Net total expended __---------------------- --- 46, 219. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------56, 692. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ...................... ...................................... Expended for maintenance ................ 90. 22 $4, 259.04 $1.55 ............ $100.00 Appropriated or allotted... .......... .................... 10,250.00............ ...... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended----------------------------- $10, 573. 56 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 100.00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-__- ___ 10, 473. 56 3. OAKLAND HARBOR, CALIF. (A3). Location and description.-This harbor is on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, Calif., opposite the center of the city of San Francisco. It is a tidal estuary, about 1,000 feet wide and about 7 miles long, with a natural tidal basin at the upper end. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500. Original condition.-The waterway was shallow and commerce was possible only at the higher stages of the tide. The channel had a general width of 500 feet and a controlling depth at mean lower low water of 2 feet. The head of navigation was Brooklyn Basin, at upper part of Oakland, and about 5 miles from the mouth of the estuary. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 24, 1874, and modified by the river and har- bor acts of June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. The amount expended on the original and modified projects prior to beginning work on the existing project in 1910 was $3,420,947.93, $3,375,731.81 being for new work and $45,216.12 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1979 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 500 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean lower low water from deep water in San Fran- cisco Bay through Oakland Estuary to Brooklyn Basin, a distance of about 44 miles; including the maintenance, up to within 75 feet of the pierhead line, of the area along the south side of the channel from Harrison Street eastward to Brooklyn Basin; thence a channel 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep around said basin and 18 feet deep through Oakland Tidal Canal to San Leandro Bay, a farther dis- tance of 4$ miles, making a total length of 9* miles; for parallel rubble-mound jetties at the entrance, a north jetty 9,500 feet long and a south jetty 12,000 feet long; and for construction of three highway drawbridges across the tidal canal, to be operated by local authorities. The range between mean lower.low water and mean higher high water is 6.3 feet and the extreme range is 12 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1909, is $1,100,000, exclusive of 125851-ENG 1919 111 1760 REPORT OF CHIEF OF'ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $37,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23,' 1874, provided for the jetties (An- nual Report for 1874, pp. 382, 383), the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for maintenance of the area from Harrison Street to Brook- lyn Basin (H. Doc. No. 1131, 65th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the remaining features (H. Doc. No. 647, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The drawbridges across the Tidal Canal were required by the decree of the court in the condemnation proceedings whereby title was obtained to the right of way for the Tidal Canal. The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1911, page 2556. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A hydraulic dredge worked for about seven months of the fiscal year in the Oakland Tidal Canal and completed a channel 150 feet wide and 18 feet deep through the canal. A total of 6,000 linear feet of channel was thus dredged, involving the excavation of a total of 311,809 cubic yards. Of this amount about 87 per cent was new work and about 13 per cent was redredging for maintenance. The channel at the entrance to Oakland Harbor was redredged by hired labor with the U. S. dredge San Pablo, a seagoing hopper dredge. A total of 213,500 cubic yards was removed by this dredge at an average cost of about 7 cents per cubic yard and the work re- quired about 12 months' time to complete. The harbor was also patrolled with the inspection boat Suisun by hired labor to prevent illegal dumping, etc. The total expenditures were $100,400.42 for new work and $15,003.86 for maintenance, a total of $115,404.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 95 per cent completed. The jetties were completed in 1894. They are free from deterioration, due to careful construction and general absence of disturbing factors, and they need no maintenance. The three drawbridges were completed in 1894, were overhauled and equipped with operating machinery in 1914, and transferred to local author- ities, under a revocable license, for maintenance and operation. There has been completed a channel 500 feet wide and 30 feet deep from deep water in San Francisco Bay to the tidal basin, a distance of 44 miles; a channel 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep around the tidal basin; a channel 250 feet wide and 18 feet deep in the Tidal Canal up to the Park Street Bridge; and thence to San Leandro Bay there is a channel 300 feet wide with a depth of 18 feet in one half and 10 feet in the other half, a total distance of 9- miles. To com- plete all new work under the existing project there remains the dredging of a cut about 7,000 feet long and 150 feet wide through the Tidal Canal, involving a further excavation of about 375,000 cubic yards of material. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year were 27 feet from the entrance to Peralta Street ferry slip; 24 feet thence to the Webster Street drawbridge; 22 feet thence to the Brooklyn Basin; 17 feet around said basin; 22 feet thence to the Tidal Canal; 17 feet in the Tidal Canal to the Park Street draw- bridge; and 18 feet thence to San Leandro Bay. The tidal basin and Tidal Canal are not maintained for tidal scouring purposes, but have been converted into commercial waterways for the use of RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1761 navigation. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $908,735.03 for new work and $301,320.49 for maintenance, a total of $1,210,055.52. Local cooperation.--Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests bear the expense of operation and maintenance of the three drawbridges across the Tidal Canal. Local interests also maintain a dredging plant on works in conjunc- tion with the Government work. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, authorizes the mainte- nance of an area along the south side of the channel in Oakland Estuary from Harrison Street to Brooklyn Basin after such area shall have been first dredged to project depth by local interests. This has been done by those interests at a cost of $256,965. Terminal facilities.-There are 60 wharves and landings, mostly of timber pile construction. Eight of these wharves are owned by the city of Oakland, and they are open to the general public upon equal terms. The others are privately owned, of which some are open to water carriers on equal terms, but most of them are reserved for the exclusive use of the owners. The municipal wharves and six or seven of the privately owned wharves have spur-track railroad connections as well as warehouse storage facilities. The water termi- nal system of the harbor appears to be adequate for existing com- merce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Doc- ument No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Adequate facilities for present and pro- spective commerce have been provided. Proposed operations.-With the funds available 'for new work dredging will be continued in the channel in the Tidal Canal, making a channel with a full width of 300 feet and depth of 18 feet. Re- dredging will also be done within the harbor for maintenance as may be necessary to meet the needs of navigation. The harbor will be patrolled as usual with the inspection boat Suisun. The funds will be expended about as follows: Dredging under contract -------- $90, 000. 00 _--___ Redredging for maintenance under contract _____-- __-- -___ 37, 500. 00 Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun, 12 months, at $300-----------------------------------------------------3, 600.00 Superintendence, office expenses, and contingencies---------------- 8, 127. 05 Total- 139, 227. 05 With the 'funds contained in the accompanying estimate it is pro- posed to complete the channel in the Tidal Canal, thus completing all new work under the project, and to do the necessary maintenance dredging in the main channel from deep water in San Francisco BE to the Tidal Basin. The funds will be expended about as follows: Dredging in the Tidal Canal_____ ____________________________ $25, 000. 00 Redredging for maintenance-----------------------------------195, 000. 00 Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun, 12 months, at $300 ----------------------- 3, 600. 00 Superintendence, office expenses, and contingencies-_-----________ 10, 400. 00 Total 234, 000. 00 -......... 1762 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919, The deterioration at the end of the fiscal year amounts to shoal- ing in the previously dredged channels as follows: Cubic yards. From San Francisco Bay to the Tidal Basin-______ ______----1, 554, 390 Within the Tidal Basin_______ _____-------------------- 933, 610 Within the Tidal Canal ---------------------------------- 23, 300 Total ----------------------------------------- 2, 511, 300 The cost of removing the above material is estimated now at 10 cents per cubic yard. Recom ended modification of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Of the total commerce reported, about 50 per cent uses the improved waterway, and of this amount 38 per cent pertains to the section between San Francisco Bay and Webster Street drawbridge, 4 per cent to the section between this drawbridge and the tidal basin, 3.3 per cent to the section around the tidal basin, and 4.7 per cent to the tidal canal. For the principal classes of traffic the usual limit of draft for loaded boats is 8 feet for barges carrying about 5 per cent of the total commerce; 8 feet for vessels using the tidal canal, forming about 5 per cent of the total tonnage; 12 feet for ferryboats and small steam schooners, etc., carrying about 65 per cent of the total commerce; 14 to 20 feet for the largest vessels, car- rying about 20 per cent of the total commerce. On rare occasions trips are made by vessels of deeper draft. The commerce for the cur- rent year consisted of lumber, building materials, fuel oil, coal, auto- mobiles, and general merchandise, and amounted to 2,680,797 short tons, valued at $170,591,866. The tonnage for the last five years was as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ................ . 2,608,402 $193,114,563 1917................... 3,026,279 $453,941,810 1915.................... 2, 876, 412 411,631, 249 1918...................... 2, 680,797 170, 591, 866 1916.................... 3,217,575 482,950,474 Financialsumrmary. Amount expended on all lrojects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $266.55: New work ------- ------ --------------- $4, 284, 466. 84 M a in te n an ce . . . . . . . ------ 346, 536. 61 Net total expen.de 4, 631, 003. 45 Total appropriations to date of this report- 4, 770, 303. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 I I • 1 E:xponded for new work I ............. $81,192.90 $97,147.37$63,099.05 $78,331.03 $100,400.42 Expended f)r maintenance ............... 89,727.17 15,211.63 11,135.13 10,681.50 15,003.86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expended 1 .. .. 170,920.07 112,359.00 74,234.18 89,012.53 115,404.28 ! _ Appropriated or allotted.......................... 80,000.00 106,500.00 131,000.00 !16,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1763 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ____------------------___. $138, 703. 13 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 --- - - - -__ -- 104, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 __--------------------12, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ___________ .70 254. 703. 83 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work------------------------------_ 100, 400. 42 For maintenance __-_ _ _ 15 003. 86 115. 404. 28 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------___ 139, 299. 55 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-- --------------------------- 72. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $39,996.14 available only for maintenance--------------------------------------- 139, 227. 05 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------ 2-92, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work ------------------------------------- 225,000. 00 For maintenance ---------------------------------------- 209, 000. 00 Total------------------------------------------------ 2234, 000. 00 4. RICHMOND HARBOR, CALIF. (A4). Location and description.-This harbor lies on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay about 8 miles northeast of San Francisco Har- bor. When completed this harbor will be about 2 miles in length and about 1,000 feet in width. It is formed partly by an indentation in the shore line and partly by an artificial training wall. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500.) Original condition.-This locality had a minimum usable depth of about 6 feet in the outer part and the inner part was the mouth of a slough, dry at low water. Navigation in the inner part was possible only at the higher stages of the tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This contemplates an entrance channel 600 feet wide protected by a training wall faced with riprap, a suitable turn- ing basin at Point Potrero, and a channel thence'to Ellis Slough, all to a depth of 24 feet at mean lower low water. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.3 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, is $856,000. The latest (1913) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 515, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). This document contains the latest published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging under con- tract was commenced on October 11, 1918, excavating a channel 200 feet wide and 24 feet deep from the entrance to Ellis Slough. This work was completed on May 9, 1919, a total of 1,944,620 cubic yards having been dredged at a contract price of 9.83 cents per cubic yard. This dredging was all new work. A total of 15,200 linear feet of 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 12 Exclusive of available funds. 1764 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. channel was dredged. The total expenditures were $194,956.29, all for new work, of which $97,699.16 were from United States funds and $97,257.13 were from contributed funds. Condition at end of flscal year.-There is a newly dredged channel 200 feet wide and 24 feet deep from the entrance to Point Potrero and thence up to Ellis Slough, a total distance of 15,200'feet, with a turning basin 24 feet deep and 500 feet wide at Potrero Point. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year is 24 feet at mean lower low water. The project is about 25.9 per cent completed. There remains to complete the project the dredging necessary to widen the present channel to 600 feet width and to provide a depth of 24 feet. The project also requires for impounding dredging spoils the construction by local interests of a bulkhead from the municipal wharf to Point Potrero, a distance of 5,200 feet. The total expendi- tures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $195,134.57, all for new work, of which $97,877.44 were from United States funds and $97,257.13 were from contributed funds. Local cooperation.-The project requires local interests to con- tribute one-half the cost of the work, and it also requires the city of Richmond, Calif., to construct all bulkheads necessary to retain the dredged material and to convey to the United States free of cost title to such lands required in the execution of the project as the Secretary of War may decide should be owned by the General Gov- ernment. It has been decided that it is not necessary for the United States to acquire any land in connection with this work. The city of Richmond has contributed $100,000 toward the work, the equiva- lent of the first appropriation by Congress. It has pledged its faith to provide the necessary funds for the construction of the bulkheads and to provide additional funds for dredging, up to the limit of one-half the cost of the work. The Secretary of War approved this action on February 18, 1918. Terminal facilities.-There are four wharves and piers in Rich- mond Harbor, and one ferry slip, of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad outside of but near the entrance to the harbor. Of the wharves in the harbor, one is a municipal wharf of concrete con- struction throughout and open to the general public on reasonable terms. The other wharves are privately owned. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The channel having been only recently completed, there has been no material effect on navigation as yet. Proposed operations.--The unexpended balance on hand being in- sufficient for any separate item of work, it is proposed to consolidate it with the additional amount to be provided, one-half by the United SStates and one-half by local interests, and apply the same to dredg- ing to increase the width of the existing 24-foot channel between the entrance and Ellis Slough. This is all new work. The city of Richmond is now ready to make a further contribution toward the above work, besides funds to construct bulkhead to im- pound dredgings. The present channel is only 200 feet wide and 24 feet deep, and if a vessel of 24-foot draft goes above the municipal wharf it can not turn around. If the Government appropriates $200,000, as contemplated by the accompanying estimate, the funds will not be expended until the city of Richmond builds the required RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1765 bulkhead, about 5,200 feet long, from the municipal wharf to Point Potrero to impound the dredged material. There is no deterioration as yet on this improvement. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Practicallyall the freight traffic at this locality is over the Santa Fe Railroad wharf, which is at the en- trance to Richmond Harbor. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work------------------------- $97, 877. 44 Maintenance_--------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 100, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 191 Expended for new work ............... ................... ........... $18.28 $97,699.16 Expended for maintenance ...................... ....................... Appropriated or allotted............ .. ..................... 100,oo. 00........ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended___________ _ __ $99, 821. 72 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 97, 699. 16 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--------------------------- 2, 122.56 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------______________- - ________ 328, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work 200,000. 00 .---------------------------. CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work___ ------------------------------------------ $97,257. 13 Maintenance --------------------------------- Total contributions to date of this report- -______-_______- 100,000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.......... ........................................... $97,257.13 Expended f.r maintenance............... ............ Contributed........................... .......... ... _ .... ......... $100,000.00 .......... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_________________________ $100, 000. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work _ 97, 257. 13 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_--------------------- 2,742. 87 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------ ------------------------------- '328, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work_ ------------------ --- - 200, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1766 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR RICHMOND HARBOR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ----------------- $195, 134. 57 Maintenance - - ---- --- - -- - Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report._ 200, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............. . ......... . ........... ...... $178.28 $194,956.29 Expended for maintenance....................... .................................... Appropriated or allotted and contributed. ..--........ ........ ... _.. _. 200,000.00......... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------$199, 821. 72 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work _ 194, 956. 29 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----------_ 4,865. 43 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _____-_-_ - --- 656, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work -__ - _____ --- _ 400, 000. 00 5. SAN PABLO BAY, CALIF. (A5). Location and description.-This waterway is about 10 miles north- east of San Francisco Harbor. It is 12 miles long by 6 miles wide. :The Government improvement consists of a channel through it 5 miles long and a long dike built by the Navy Department to pro- tect the channel. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500. Original condition.-Navigation for deep-draft vessels was pos- sible only at the higher stages of the tide. There was then a shoal with a minimum usable depth over it of 19 feet at mean lower low water, lying across the course of vessels going to and from the Sac- ramento and San Joaquin Rivers, Mare Island Navy Yard, Port Costa, and other San Pablo Bay shipping points. The navigable channel affected by this project is 30 miles long. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended prior to commencement of operations in 1911, under the existing project, was $335,165.33, all for new work, and not including $22,422.40 recovered by the contractor subsequently through a ruling by the Auditor for the War Department. For further details of previous projects see page 1981 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing .project.-This provides for dredging a channel in San Pablo Bay, 27,000 feet long, 500 feet wide, and 30 feet deep at mean lower low water across Pinole Shoal. It also includes a seagoing hopper dredge for maintenance. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.92 feet, with an extreme range of 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $760,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1767 is $100,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911 (H. Doc. No. 1103, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1915, page 3154. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The Government sea- going dredge San Pablo continued work by day labor throughout the year redredging the channel across Pinole Shoal in San Pablo Bay. A total of 1,253,050 cubic yards of fine sand and mud was excavated during the year from a channel 27,000 feet in lehgth. The locality was patrolled with the U. S. S. Suisun to prevent in- fractions of War Department fishing regulations and other regu- lations for the preservation and protection of Government work in navigable waters. The amount expended was $53,597.83, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The original dredging of the channel across Pinole Shoal was completed in 1914. The construc- tion of the seagoing hopper dredge San Pablo was completed in 1916. In addition, the Navy Department built a sheet pile dike off the southwest corner of Mare Island for the benefit of this channel. The only work remaining to be done under the existing project is that of maintenance. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was 30 feet at mean lower low water. The total expenditures under the existing project at the end of the fiscal year were $783,619.18 for new work and $218,134.42 for maintenance, a total of $1,001,753.60, not including the $297,912.20 expended by the Navy Department on the dike above referred to. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Along the eastern shores of San Pablo Bay there are about 20 wharves of the usual pile construction. They are all privately owned. The larger ones are provided with warehouse storage facilities, and spur tracks are provided at the most important wharves, affording connection with transcontinental railroads as well as local roads. A few of the most important wharves are oil pipe- line terminals connecting with the California oil fields. Local inter- ests have expended about $450,000 on docks, piers, and ferry slips, and about $90,000 in dredging approaches to those docks, etc. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities, see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has materially in- creased the commerce of San Pablo Bay points by making it possible for deep-draft ocean vessels to land direct at the desired destination. There is no opportunity for competition with the railroad rates, but the improvement has materially reduced the cost of shipping for this locality. The exact effect on freight rates has not been determined. Proposed operations.-With the funds available it is proposed to operate the dredge San Pablo and the patrol boat Suisun by hired labor as follows: Maintenance : Operation and repairs to dredge San Pablo, 12 months at $8,000 per month_--------------------------------- -- $96, 000. 00 Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun, 12 months at $200 per month__ 2, 400. 00 Superintendence and contingencies 5, 905. 94 Total-- .. __ 104, 305. 94 1768 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 'With the funds contained in the accompanying estimate it is pro- posed to continue the above work as follows to the end of the fiscal year 1921: Operation and repairs to dredge San Pablo, 12 months at $8,000 per month -------- -------------------------------- $96, 000. 00 Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun, 12 months at $200 per month ----------------------------------------- 2,400. 00 Superintendence and contingencies -------------------- 5, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 103, 400. 00 There was no deterioration at the end of the fiscal year. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-There being 19 feet of water prior to im- provement, only the deepest-draft commerce is affected by the im- provement, and this amounts to about 60 per cent of the total. Prac- tically all of the commerce reported uses the improved section. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is 8 feet for the Sacramento and San Joaquin River freight; 27 feet for fuel-oil carriers, forming about 70 per cent of the deep-draft tonnage; 25 feet for grain ship- ments, forming about 10 per cent of the deep-draft tonnage; 30 feet for sugar carriers, forming about 10 per cent of the deep-draft ton- nage. The total commerce for the calendar year 1918 amounted to 3,998,014 tons, valued at $128,909,637, and consisted of fuel oil, grain, sugar, lumber, etc. The total tonnage for the last five calendar years is as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons Va'ue. Caendar year. Short tons Value. 1914............ ..... 3,892,186 $115,044,008 1917............ . ..... 11,531,518 $190,415,982 1915 ..................... 4, 293, 517 103, 795, 779 1918. ............. ... 3, 998, 014 128,909, 637 1916................. 4,121,943 84,039,171 The apparent decrease in total tonnage for 1918 is due to an error in the quantity of lumber reported for 1917. The entire decrease in total tonnage for 1918 is comparatively small. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $457.45: New work----------------- -------- $1, 118, 784. 51 Maintenance_ __ 218,134. 42 Net total expended 1, 336, 918.93 Total appropriations to date of this report_ 1, 471, 390. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .. ......... $116,512.68 $103,992. 25 $31, 789.21 ....................... Expended for maintenance 1......... 1813. 33 247. 12 70,753. 14 $83,180.45 $53, 597.83 117,326.01 Totalexpended1 .................... 104,239.37 102,542.35 83,180.45 53,597.83 Appropriated or allotted................... 37, 422.40 ........... 105, 500. 00 68, 000.00 107,300.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1769 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------ $80, 597. 06 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 107, 300. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ___._________ _ 172. 65 188, 069. 71 June 30, 1919, amount expended dur ng fiscal year for maintenance _ 53, 597.i83 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended 134, 471. 88 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ________________________-__ 30, 165. 94 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance - __________- 104, 305. 94 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance___________________________ 2 103, 400. 00 6. SUISUN BAY CHANNEL, CALIF. (A6). Location and description.-Suisun Bay is about 30 miles north- east of San Francisco Harbor. It is about 14 miles long and varies from 1 to 3 miles in width. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5534. Original condition.-The channel to be improved varied in width from 400 feet down to 100 feet with minimum depths of 16 to 19 feet in the lower part and only 9 feet in the upper part through New York Slough. The navigable portion was 16J miles in length. The lower part of the channel was used by ocean-going vessels, but above Bay Point navigation was possible only for light draft coast- wise vessels and river steamers. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide from Martinez to Antioch, Calif., 24 feet deep across the lower shoal near Bulls Head Point, thence 20 feet deep across Point Edith and Middle Ground Shoals, and thence 18 feet deep through New York Slough. All depths are referred to mean lower low water. The range be- tween mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5 feet with an extreme range of 9 feet. The estimate of cost for,new work made in 1917 is $129,000. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 986, 65th Cong. 2d sess.). This docu- ment contains the latest published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the project as yet and no expenditures have been made. The controlling depths on this project at the end of the fiscal year were 18 feet up to Point Edith and 10 feet thence to the upper end of New York Slough. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that local interests contribute one-half the first cost of the work, provide storage room for dredged material, and build such impounding levees as may be required. It is understood that the State of California has appropriated the necessary- funds to pay half the cost of the work and local interests are now preparing to comply with the remaining conditions. 1 Not deducting 2 Exclusive of available funds. receipts from sales, -etc. 1770 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Terminal facilities.-Along this channel there are 2"2 wharves of ordinary pile and timber construction, all of which are privately owned. Only one of these wharves is open to the public, and this wharf is open to all carriers on equal terms. These facilities are adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done as yet on this channel. Proposed operations. With the funds on hand, together with funds in equal amount to be contributed by local interests, it is pro- posed to complete -the original dredging contemplated by the project when the conditions imposed by Congress have been met. The funds will be expended about as follows: New work: Dredging channel up to Middle Ground Shoal by hired labor with Government dredge San Pablo, 146,470 cubic yards, at 121 cents ---------------------------------------------- $18, 308. 75 Dredging by, contract channel through Middle Ground Shoal, 218,480 cubic yards, at 121 cents--------------------------- 26, 935.00 Dredging, with Government plant, channel through New York Slough, 480,400 cubic yards, at 15 cents--------------------- 72, 060. 00 Engineering expenses and contingencies--------------------------- 11, 696. 25 Total --------------------------- - 123, 000. 00 This will complete all the project, and no further work is pro- posed for the present. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Thisbeing a new project statistics were not collected for the calendar year 1918. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work..... Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- $64, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................. .................................. ..... .... Expended for maintenance ......... .. ................. ........ .... ........ ... ....... Appropriated or allotted......... ............... ...... . .. .......... ... 4, 500.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919 _---------------------------------- _ $64, 500. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ___________________--_____ 64, 500.00 7. SUISUN CHANNEL, CALIF. (A7). Location and description.--This waterway is a tidal inlet from Suisun Bay, Calif., about 30 miles northeast of San Francisco Har- bor. The tide reaches the head of the channel, 17 miles above the mouth. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500. Original condition.-Navigation in the upper one-half mile was possible only at the highest stages of the tide. The width of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1771 channel varied from 600 feet in the lower section to about 80 feet in the upper section, and the minimum usable depth at mean lower low water varied from 17 feet in the lower section to zero in the upper section. The head of navigation was the town of Suisun. The navigable portion was 17 miles in length. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This contemplates dredging a channel 80 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean lower low water, up to the head of navigation, with a harbor of the same depth at the town of Suisun 1,400 feet long and 150 feet wide. The length of the section included in the project is 17 miles. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 7.5 feet, with an extreme range of 9.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $25,000. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, as amended by the act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1110, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 65 per cent completed, based on the ultimate cost. All work on this improve- ment consists of dredging and rock excavation. All dredging, includ- ing a channel 80 feet wide and 6 feet deep and a harbor at upper end, has been completed. The channel below the harbor contains a sub- aqueous rock that has not been removed. All new work under the project, except removal of this subaqueous rock, was completed in 1914. The project depth of 6 feet' at mean lower low water was "available at the end of the fiscal year. The total expenditures at the end of the fiscal year were $16,542.53 for new work and $2,050.10 for maintenance, making a total of $18,592.63. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, the right of way for the cut-off was furnished free of cost to the United States. The cut-off was later eliminated by the act of March 4, 1913. Local interests have done dredging to the amount of over $8,000 in extension of the work done by the Government. Terminal facilities.-There are three commercial wharves, a lum- ber wharf, and an oil pipe-line terminal, all of the usual pile con- struction. Two of these have warehouse storage facilities with spur- track connection with the Vallejo & Northern Railway, a local elec- tric road. They are all for private use except one, which is open to all water carriers on equal terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has had no effect on freight rates, as no changes have taken place since the improvement was. made. It is paralleled by a railroad with immense tonnage movement, and water traffic does not seem to be able to compete with the railroad successfully. Commerce on the waterway has been benefited by the improvement, but it is decreasing rather than increasing. 1772 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed for the fiscal year 1920. The deterioration at the end of the fiscal year is estimated at approxi- mately 10,000 cubic yards of shoaling, and it will cost about 10 cents per cubic yard to remove it. No estimate for the fiscal year 1921 is submitted, as no work now appears necessary. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All of the commerce reported is affected by the improvement, and all of it uses the improved section. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is 6 feet. Commerce for the calendar year 1918 consisted mostly of fuel oil and amounted to 44,527 tons, valued at $445,270. A regular line of steamers was established in 1915 as a result of the improvement, but it was aban- doned because it could not compete with the railroad service. The total tonnage for the last five calendar years was as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. IIII i I 1914...................... 65,109 $543,506 1917.................... 62,842 $1,231,670 1915................... 55,699 751,819 1918....................... 44,527 445,270 1916-..................... 52,718 494,397 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work___ $16,542.53 Maintenance------------------------------ 2, 050. 10 Net total expended ___________ 18, 592. 63 Total appropriations to date of this Ir eport--- 27, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work......................... .......... ... ............. ............ -$17. Expended for maintenance............... 30 $32. 80 ....................... ... Appropriated or allotted................. .... ................. .............. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended______________________- _ $8,407.37 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended________________________ 8, 407.37 8. NAPA RIVER, CALIF. (A8). Location and description.-This river rises in the St. Helena Mountains, flows in a southerly direction, and empties into Mare Island Strait, an arm of San Pablo Bay. The river has a length of 45 miles. The navigable portion of this river is chiefly a tidal estuary. The tide reaches the head of navigation, 18 miles above the mouth. There is no discharge except that caused by winter rains, which are usually confined to one month of the year, during which there is a discharge of about 10,900 second-feet at high water. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1773 Original condition.-Before improvement the river had a mini- mum usable depth at mean lower low water of 10 feet and width of 300 feet for the first 12 miles above the mouth and about 1 foot to the crest of the bars and width of 125 feet in the next 6 miles to the city of Napa, Calif., the head of navigation. Navigation then was possi- ble only at the highest stages of the tide. The navigable portion was 18 miles long. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging, removing Lone Tree Reef (rock), and removing snags and overhanging trees to obtain and maintain a channel 75 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean lower low water to the head of navigation, and for four cut-offs 6 feet deep at mean lower low water at Jacks and Car Bends 80 feet wide, at Spreckles Point 60 feet wide, and at Horseshoe Bend 100 feet wide. The length of the section included in the project is 18 miles, and its lower end is at the mouth. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.92 feet at the mouth and 8 feet at the head of navigation, with an extreme range of 11 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $70,600. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the 4-foot channel and removal of Lone Tree Reef (Annual Report for 1885, p. 2343), and the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the cut- offs (H. Doc. No. 795, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the latter document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The only work done during the year was the collection of statistics of traffic on the water- way, data as to terminal facilities, etc. The expenditures were $17.32 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was practically com- pleted in 1892, except for the cut-offs authorized by the act of March 2, 1919. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was 4 feet at mean lower low water. The head of navigation is Napa. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $27,555.55 for new work and $32,831.56 for maintenance, a total of $60,387.11. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires local interests to furnish the necessary land for the rights of way for the cut-offs. It is understood that local interests have acquired title to the land needed for the first three bends, and are prepared to transfer the same to the United States. The title to the land needed for the cut-off at Horseshoe Bend is to be acquired when the funds are available for making that cut-off. Terminal facilities.-There are 12 wharves of ordinary pile con- struction, 4 of which have warehouse storage facilities, but only 1 has direct connection with railroads, all the others being connected with railways by highway only. Two of the wharves are owned by the city of Napa; one is owned by the State of California and re- served for the exclusive use of a State institution. Three of these wharves are open to the public on reasonable terms. These facili- ties are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty- third Congress, first session. 1774 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords competition with the railroad, and freight rates, lower on the river than on the railroad, are materially less than they would be without this water competition, but full exact data have not been collected. Proposed operations.-The funds on hand will be used to make the cut-offs at Jacks Bend, Spreckles Point, and Car Bend when the conditions imposed by Congress shall have been met, and dredging for maintenance will be attended to in case that becomes necessary through shoaling during the next rainy season. The funds will be expended about as follows: New work: Dredging cut-offs, 21 months at $7,000 per month-------------- $17, 500 Maintenance : Dredging 25,000 cubic yards, at 20 cents per cubic yard (if neces- sary) ------------------------------------------------ 5,000 Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun------------------- 150 Engineering expenses and contingencies ----------- 2, 500 Total_------------------------------_ 25, 150 The above schedule leaves an available balance of $6,392.25, which is considered sufficient for maintenance for the fiscal year 1921. There is no deterioration at the end of the fiscal year. Pending compliance by local interests with the conditions imposed by the new project, no estimate for a further appropriation is sub- mitted. Recommended modification of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All of the commerce is affected by the im- provement and all of it uses the improved section. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is 5 feet for steamers carrying fast freight and perishable articles, 6 feet for sailing vessels and scow schooners carrying bulk freight. The commerce for the calendar year 1918 consisted of fuel oil, building materials, general merchandise, etc., and amounted to 93,634 short tons, valued at $2,479,095. The total tonnage for the last five years was as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914...................... 186,704 $5,886,065 1917.................... 130,093 $2,981,602 1915....................... 90,180 3,991,929 1918......................93,634 2,479,095 1916.......................116,891 2,774,212 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all.projects to June 30, 1919: New work--- ----------------------------------- $27, 555. 55 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 32, 831. 50 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 60,387. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report--- --------- -- 91, 929. 36 RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1775 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for neww ork................... ..... ..... ..... .. Expended for maintenance ................ $236.95 $4,543.53 3131.76 $154.45 $17.32 Appropriated or allotted ................... 1,000.00 ............ 9,000.00 ...... 20000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------- __ -- $11, 559. 57 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919- 20, 000. 00 31, 559. 57 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 17. 32 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended- --------------- _----------- 31, 542. 25 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------- ------------------------- 23, 000. 00 9. PETALUMA CREEK, CALIF. (A9). Location and description--This creek is largely a tidal estuary, but it receives the drainage waters of the hills north of Petaluma, Calif., through a small .creek forming the upper part of the main waterway. The stream is about 20 miles in length, flows in a south- erly direction, and empties into San Pablo Bay. The tide reaches the head of navigation, 16 miles from the mouth. The drainage area comprises 189 square miles. There is no discharge except that caused by winter rains, which are usually confined to one month of the year. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500. Original condition.-Originallythis creek was very crooked, dry in many places at low tide, and navigation was possible only at the highest stages of the tide. In the lower section the channel was about 600 feet wide and in the upper section 80 feet wide. The head of navigation was and is Petaluma, Calif. The navigable portion was 16 miles long. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and modified by the river and har- bor act of July 13, 1892. The amount expended prior to the com- mencement of operations under the existing project in 1918 was $110,214.75 for new work and $52,585.53 for maintenance, a total of $162,800.28, not including $2,500 contributed by local interests and expended on new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1982 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide across the mud flats in San Pablo Bay; four cut-offs, A and B to be 6 feet deep and 100 feet wide, D is to be 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide, and E is to be 5 feet deep and 60 feet wide; and a turning basin 5 feet deep at First and C Streets. The length of the section included in the project is 16 miles, and its lower end is in ISan Pablo Bay outside the mouth. The range be- tween mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.92 feet at the entrance and 8 feet at the head of navigation, with an extreme range of 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1917, is $82,600, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. 1Exclusive of available funds. 125851 -ENG 1919--112 1776 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $13,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 18, 1918 (H. Doc. No. 849, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-During April and May, 1919, the channel across the shoal in San Pablo Bay outside the mouth of the creek was dredged under contract to a depth of 8 feet and width of 200 feet for a length of about 14,000 feet. This was all new work under the new project, and a total of 526,192 cubic yards of material was excavated at a contract price of 6.44 cents per cubic yard. The waterway was also patrolled by hired labor with the U. S. inspection boat Suisun. The total expenditures for new work were $34,837.04, and $470.21 for maintenance, a total of $35,307.25. Condition at end of fiscal year.-There is a channel 200 feet wide and 8 feet deep across the shoal outside the entrance, thence a channel 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep up to McNears Canal, and thence to the head of navigation there is a depth of about 1 foot with the same width. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year is 8 feet in the channel across the flats outside the mouth of the creek, 5 feet thence to McNears Canal, and 1 foot from there to the head of navi- gation. The new project is about 40 per cent completed, and the work remaining to complete the project consists of making four cut-offs and dredging a turning basin at the head of navigation. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $34,837.04 for new work and $470.21 for maintenance, a total of $35,307.25. Local cooperation.--The act of July 18, 1918, in adopting the exist- ing project, prescribed the following conditions: Provided, That before work is begun by the United States, local interests shall contribute the sum of $6,150 to be used in the improvement below Washington Street, shall furnish all necessary lands required for the purpose of this im- provement, and shall give assurance satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will, without cost to the United States,.carry out and maintain under the supervision of the district engineer the work designed for the correction of overflow from Copeland Creek. An ordinance has been passed by the city council of Petaluma pledging the faith of the city to the performance of everything re- quired by the law, and this action has been accepted under date of February 7, 1919, as satisfactory. The ordinance directs the setting aside of city funds for the contribution of $6,150, and it is expected that the city will be ready to pay over this amount as soon as needed. Deeds conveying to the United States the lands required for the improvement have been duly executed, acknowledged, and recorded. Work previously done by local interests for the benefit of the public amounts to about $92,000 for dredging in a branch canal and about $26,000 for dredging in the creek and cut-offs. Terminal facilities.-There are 27 wharves of ordinary pile con- struction and 1 pipe-line terminal. Ten of the wharves have ware- house storage facilities, and 3 others have warehouse connections on shore. Six of the terminals have railroad connections. All the other wharves have connection with railroads by highways. One of the wharves and several bank landings are owned by the city of Petaluma and are open to all water carriers without charge. Prac- RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1777 tically all of the private wharves are said to be open to the public on reasonable terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-This improvement has secured low freight rates for the surrounding country and for considerable territory to the north, which is served by an electric railroad as a feeder to the steamship line on the waterway. Water traffic is heavy, because the paralleling railroad does not have sufficient through traffic to offer as vigorous competition as is found in some other places. Proposed operations.-(a) The funds on hand will be used to re- dredge the main, channel of the creek above McNears Canal. The funds will be expended about as follows: Maintenance: Dredging under contract --------------------------------- Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun Engineering expenses and contingencies __ _ - $15, 000.00 750. 00 2, 735. 87 Total --------------------------------------------------- 18, 485. 87 (b) With the funds contained in the accompanying estimate for new work, together with $6,150 to be contributed by local interests, it is proposed to make the cut-off and dredge the turning basin, both at the head of navigation. The funds will be expended about as follows, one-half being United States funds and the other half contributed funds: New work : Dredging cut-off "E " -- $3, 783. 08 Dredging turning basin .....................- 7, 333. 20 Engineering expenses and contingencies ___-- 1, 183. 72 Total __ 2, 300. 00 1-------------------------- With the funds requested for maintenance it is proposed to re- dredge the main channel of the creek as needed for mnaintenance to the end of the fiscal year 1921. The funds will be expended about as follows : Maintenance: Dredging------------------------------_ - $7, 500. 00 Engineering expenses and contingencies_ - --- 500. 00 Total --------------- 8, 000.00 The deterioration at the end of the fiscal year amounted to 50,000 cubic yards. Recommended modifications of project.-A plan has been presented for maintaining the channel through the shoal at the entrance in San Pablo Bay, 14,000 feet long, 100 feet wide on the bottom, and 8 feet deep, at an estimated cost of $7,500 per annum for the whole project, the channel in question having already been excavated (see H. Doc. No. 118, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All of the commerce reported is affected by the improvement and all of it uses the improved section. The usual limit of draft of loaded boats is 7 feet for steamers carrying the perishable and package freight and about 5 feet for scow s hoon- ers and 8 feet for barges hauling the bulk freight. Commerce for the calendar year 1918 consisted of buildingmaterial, grain, flour, 1778 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. lumber, etc., and amounted to 238,178 tons, valued at $20,817,591. The total tonnage for the last five years was as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. .................. 1914. 221,478 $17,145,773 1917................... 284,423 $19,194,642 1915................... 895,311 17,571,314 1918................... 238,178 20,817,591 1916................... 216,964 16,797,146 Financialsufmmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work___---------------------------------------------- $145, 051. 79 Maintenance____ ----------- --- 53, 055. 74 Net total expended_____________________________ - 198;107.53 Total appropriations to date of this report,_ 216, 593. 40 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................. ................. ........ . $34,837.04 Expended for maintenance................ b$11,098.93 $13,930.28 $161.14 $5,499.23 470.21 Totalexpended. ....................... 11,098.93 13,930.28 161.14 5,499.23 35,307.25 . Appropriated or allotted.................. 14,000.00 ... . ... 21,500.00 ............ 37,500.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------_ $16, 293. 12 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918- 20, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 17, 500. 00 53, 793.12 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__________ _____- $34, 837.04 Formaitennc-----------------------------------47.2 For maintenance_ ______ ___________ 470. 21 35, 307. 25 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended________________________-_ 18, 485. 87 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ 2 56, 450. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work_ ----------- ---- 26, 150. 00 For maintenance-- 2 8, 0(). 00 Total__ ---- _ - - 214, 150.00 10. SAN RAFAEL CREEK, CALIF. (A10). Location and description.-This is a small tidal stream about 2 miles in length emptying into San Francisco Bay. The tide reaches the head of navigation. There is no discharge except that caused by winter rains, which are usually confined to one month of the year. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500. 1Not including $2,500 contributed by local interests and expended on this work. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1779 Original condition.-Originally this waterway was a narrow slough dry at low water and across its mouth there was a broad, shal- low bight with a shortest 'distance of about 1 miles to 8 or 10 feet depth of water in the bay. The head of navigation was the town of San Rafael, 2 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide on bottom across the flats at the mouth of the creek, and thence 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide on bottom up to San Rafael, 2 miles, including a cut-off at Goose Neck Bend; and a turning basin 200 feet long, 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at San Rafael. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6 feet with an extreme range of 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1914, is $54,000. No estimate for maintenance has been approved. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 801, 63d Cong., 2d sess). No map of the locality has been published. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Work has not been com- menced under this project as yet. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the mouth of the creek there is a marshy flat dry at low tide. After crossing the flats there are depths of 1 to 2 feet and a width of about 50 feet to the head of navigation at San Rafael. The controlling depth is zero at low tide. Work under the project has not been commenced. Local cooperation.-The act of March 2, 1919, requires local inter- ests, first, to contribute one-half the cost of the work, and, second, to furnish the land needed for the improvement. The necessary funds have been provided partly by the State of California and partly by the city of San Rafael, Calif., and it is expected that the land needed will be ready for transfer to the United States at an early date. Private interests dredged a channel 60 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean lower low water from the head of navigation to the mouth of the creek, at a cost of about $12,000. A pile bulkhead was also constructed from the shore line about 1,000 feet out to deeper water, at a cost of about $5,000. The above work was done by contract in 1908 and 1909, and the funds were furnished partly by the State of California and partly by local interests. Terminal facilities.-Thei:e are 5 wharves of. ordinary pile con- struction, all in private ownership. These facilities appear to be adequate to meet the needs of the general commerce of the waterway. Effect of improvement,-No work has been done as yet by the Federal Government, and the work done by local interests has been practically obliterated. Proposed operations.-With the funds on hand in conjunction with funds in an equal amount to be contributed by local interests, it is proposed to complete all new work under the project, when all 1780 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. conditions imposed by Congress have been met. The funds will be expended about as follows: New work: Dredging under contract 446,700 cubic yards, at 10 cents per cubic yard ------------------- __---------------------------------- $44, 670 Rock excavation, 2,800 cubic yards, at $1 per cubic yard---------- 2, 800 Engineering expenses and contingencies------- ------------------ 7,130 Total ___ -------------------------------- 54, 600 Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-This being a new project no statistics were collected during the year 1918. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work------------ - ----- ------- - - Maintenance -- Total appropriations to date of this report-...... $27,300.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................. ............ .......................... Expended for maintenance................ ... . .................................. ... . Appropriated or allotted................... ......... .... ........ .......... $27,300.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919----------------- ------------------------------------- __ $27,300. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------------- 27,300.00 11. MONTEREY HARBOR, CALIF. (All). Location and description.-This harbor is 95 miles south of San Francisco Harbor and formed by an indentation in the coast line. It is 3,000 feet long by 1,700 feet wide. See, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5500. Original condition.-The depths of water at this locality have al- ways been ample, but the heavy ocean swells that almost continually sweep over the harbor make it impossible to anchor vessels at wharves or landings for any length of time. The minimum usable depth at mean lower low water was 60 feet in the outer part and 18 feet in the inner part. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--The existing project provides for a stone break- water 2,000 feet long 10 feet above mean lower low water and 15 feet wide on the top. The mean tidal range is 4 feet, with an extreme range of 7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1909, is $800,000. No estimate for maintenance has been approved. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 1084, 61st Cong., 3d sess.). No map of this locality has been published except that by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Operations and results during fiscal year.. -No work has been un- dertaken at this locality yet and no expenditures made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work has not been begun on this improvement and no expenditures have been made. (See paragraph RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1781 " Local cooperation.") The maximum draft that can be carried at the end of the fiscal year up to the wharf at Monterey is 24 feet at mean lower low water. Local cooperation.--The act of July 25, 1912, required local inter- ests to contribute $200,000 toward the work and to give satisfactory assurances to the Secretary of War that a railroad connecting Monte- rey with the San Joaquin Valley will be built if the breakwater is constructed. The $200,000 has been provided, but to date the condi- tion as to the building of the railroad has not been fulfilled. Terminal facilities.-There are 31 wharves of ordinary pile con- struction and 2 with steel piles. There are practically no storage facilities on any of the wharves except one, which has a small movable warehouse. Eight of them have spur-track railroad connection with the Southern Pacific Railroad. Under State law all the wharves are open to use by all water carriers on equal terms subject to charges regulated by the city authorities. While the water terminals are adequate for existing commerce, great difficulty is experienced in mooring vessels at the wharves, due to the heavy ocean swells. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-No improvement has been made yet. Proposed operations.-No operations are proposed pending com- pliance with the conditions imposed by the act adopting the project. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previousli reported.--None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1918 consisted of lumber, building materials, crude oil, and general mer- chandise, and amounted to 197,168 short tons, valued at $8,331,500. The total tonnage for the last five years was as follows: Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 .............. ..... 767,533 $4,001,158 1917................. 248,398 $8,710,910 1915...................... 519,379 2,944,278 1918.................... 197,168 8,331,500 1916.................... 275,686 2,084,300 The decrease in the amount of commerce for 1916 was due to a falling off in shipments of fuel oil. Financialsumnmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work------------------- Maintenance---------------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- $200, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................. .............................................. Expended for maintenance............... .. ......... Appropriated or allotted.................. ... .......... .............................. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion "of existing project ------- ---------------------- $600, 000. 00 1 This amount was transferred to other works under authority of river and harbor act of Mar. 4, 1915. 1782 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 12. HUMBOLDT HARBOR AND BAY, CALIF. (A12). Location and description.-This locality is 220 miles north of San Francisco and 325 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River, Oreg. Humboldt Bay consists of two shallow basins, connected by a narrow channel about 5 miles long. The entrance to the bay from the ocean is at the junction of this channel with the southern basin. The bay has a length of 14 miles and an extreme width of 3 miles, with an average width of three-fourths of a mile. Eureka is about 8 miles from the jetty entrance. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- very Chart No. 5800. Original condition.-The entrance channel had a width of about 600 feet generally, with a minimum usable depth at mean lower low water of from 12 to 15 feet. In the channel in front of Eureka, the principal shipping point of the bay, the minimum usable depth was 10 feet at mean lower low water. The length of the jetty channel was about 1 mile, and the distance from the entrance to the jetty channel to Eureka was about 8 miles. Navigation was possible only with favorable weather and tides. Previous projects.-The original project for the jetties at the en- trance was adopted in 1884 and modified in 1888 and again in 1891 by the Chief, of Engineers. These modifications were confirmed by the river and harbor acts of September 19, 1890, and July 13, 1892, respectively. For the channel in front of Eureka the original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. and modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1889. A total of $2,178,704.14 was expended for new work on the original and modi- fied projects prior to operations under the existing project, which began in 1908 on the Eureka channel, and in 1911 on the jetties. For further details of previous projects, see pages 1982 and 1984 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two ordinary rubble mound jetties at the entrance-the north jetty about 4,500 feet in length and the south jetty 5,100 feet long, not including shore revetment- and dredging a channel 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean lower low water for a length of 6,200 feet in front of Eureka, Calif. The range of tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.77 feet, with an extreme range of 11 feet. The esti- mate of cost for the last authorized new work on the jetties, revised in 1919, is $2,360,000, and for the channel in front of Eureka, made in 1905, is$83,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under pre- vious projects. There is no approved estimate for annual-cost of maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following -river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for rebuilding the jetties (H. Doc. No. 950, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the channel in front of Eureka (H. Doc. No. 228, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of the en- trance is in Annual Report for 1916, page 3174, and of the channel in front of Eureka in House Document No. 228, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Construction work on the jetties was shut down in July, 1917, and has not been resumed since. Throughout the year a force of three watchmen and caretakers RIVERS AND HARBORS-iST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1783 were employed to care for the Government plant, maintaining a night and day watch and making such repairs as were necessary to keep the machinery, etc., in proper condition. Repairs were also made during the year to the north jetty apron approach, which was badly damaged by a heavy storm in November, 1918. This work was done under an informal contract. An examination was also made of the extent of the damage to the jetty structure by storms and from general deteri- oration. All this work was for maintenance, and the total expendi- tures were $5,134.59. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project for the jetties is about 82 per cent completed. The south jetty has been completed to full length and the north jetty completed to within about 500 feet of its ultimate outer end. The result so far obtained on the jetty channel has been to reduce the distance across the 30-foot shoal (bar across the entrance) from 3,500 feet in 1911 to about 1,000 feet in June, 1917, when the last examination was made. The controlling depth across the bar at that time was 24 feet at mean lower low water. The work remaining on the jetties to complete the project consists of extending the north jetty another 500 feet seaward, which will require 55,000 tons of rock if placed by the trestle method, or 190,000 tons if placed on track laid in concrete on top of jetty, not including what may be required to repair damages by storms to the jetty structures since the work was shut down. At the end of the fiscal year the structure of the north jetty is in fairly good condition, but the south jetty has been badly damaged and there are a number of breaches, some of them extending clear across the jetty structure. At the outer end there is a large concrete monolith which has settled considerably at the outer end, but it remains now practically in the same position it has occupied for the last two or three years. To repair this damage to the south jetty will require the placing of about 16,103 tons of rock, 368 linear feet of concrete cap, and about 5,000 feet of railroad track, which will cost a total of about $71,405. When these repairs are made there should be placed on the south spit for this jetty a reserve supply of 20,000 tons of rock which would cost about $60,000, and the protec- tion work which should be done at the shore end of the jetty will require about 18,442 tons of rock, which at $3 per ton will cost about $55,326. On the north jetty the protection work to' the shore end of the jetty over a distance of about 2,500 feet will require about 75,000 tons of rock, which at $3 per ton will amount to $225,000, and also about 2,500 linear feet of trestle, which at $8 per foot will amount to about $20,000. There should also be placed on the north spit for this jetty a reserve supply of about 20,000 tons of rock, which at $3 per ton will cost about $60,000. For the dredged channel in front of Eureka the project was com- pleted in 1908 except a little used portion at one end, where full project dimensions were not obtained on account of insufficiency of funds. To complete this work will require the excavation of 142,547 cubic yards of material. The controlling depth in June, 1917, in this channel was 16 feet at mean lower low water. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $1,693,286 68 for new work and $457,875.72 for main- 1784 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tenance, a total of $2,151,162.40, not including the $9,000 contributed by local interests and expended for new work on Eureka Channel. Local cooperation.- The project was adopted without any condi- tions being imposed. Local interests contributed $9,000 for dredg- ing in the channels of the bay. Terminal facilities.-There are 50 wharves, mostly of ordinary pile construction, although 8 of them have specially treated or con- crete protected piles. Ten of the wharves have warehouse storage facilities. Fourteen have connection with the railroad by spur tracks, and the others have connection by highway. Forty-two of the wharves are in private ownership, of which 13 are open to all water carriers on equal terms. There are 8 publicly owned wharves, of which 3 are open to the public on equal terms. Practically no tolls are charged, although a maximum rate has been fixed by the board of State harbor commissioners. The tolls where charged are nominal. These facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. For a full description of terminal facilities, see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect of rebuilding the jetties has been to greatly improve navigation facilities, making it easier and safer for vessels to enter and leave the bay, as well as to afford a refuge to vessels seeking shelter from storms. Proposed operations.-When work is resumed at the jetties it is proposed with the funds on hand available for new work and maintenance to raise the enrockment of the old jetty at the shore end of the north jetty to its original elevation and to extend the outer end of the jetty seaward as far as funds will permit. The funds will be expended about as follows: New work, extending north jetty seaward: Obtaining about 47,000 tons of rock at $2.75 per ton------------------------------- $129,250.00 Placing 47,000 tons of stone at 25 cents per ton__ 11, 750.00 Extending the concrete cap __________________ 3, 000. 00 Engineering expenses and contingencies--------- 13, 822. 96 $157, 822.96 Maintenance, raising enrockment of old north jetty at shore end: Obtaining and placing about 60,000 tons of stone at $3 per ton---------------------------- 180, 000. 00 2,000 linear feet of trestle at $15______________ 30, 000. 00 Repairs to north jetty Wharf______________--__ 4, 000. 00 Repairs to north jetty ferry apron ____________ 1, 500. 00 Repairs to north jetty railroad track------------3, 000. 00 Engineering expenses and contingencies -- _______ 7, 500. 00 226, 000. 00 Total__-------------------------------------------- 383, 822.96 All of the above work will be done by obtaining the stone by con- tract and placing it in the jetty structures by hired labor with Gov- ernment plant. With the funds contained in the accompanying estimate it is pro- posed to restore the south jetty structure to its former elevation throughout, to raise the enrockment of the old jetty at the shore end, and to store a reserve supply of rock for future work. On the north jetty it is proposed to extend the structure seaward to its RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1785 full project length and to store a reserve supply of rock for future work. The funds will be expended about as follows: New work on north jetty: Obtaining 140,000 tons of stone at $2.75 per ton------ $385, 000 Placing 140,000 tons of stone at 25 cents per ton ___--_ 35, 000 Storing 20,000 tons of reserve stone at $3 per ton------- 60, 000 Engineering expenses and contingencies---------------30, 000 $510, 000 Maintenance on south jetty . 16,000 tons of stone, at $3 per ton ---------------- $48, 000 375 linear feet of concrete cap, at $22 per foot----------8, 250 Replacing 5,000 feet of railroad track, at $3 per foot 15, 000 Storing 20,000 tons of reserve stone, at $3 per ton 60, 000 ------ Protection work at shore end of jetty, 18,250 tons, at $3__ 54, 750 Engineering expenses and contingencies 000 1---------------0, 196, 000 Total _____________ _706, Total-----------------------------------------70,0 000 All of the above work will be done by obtaining the stone by con- tract and placing it in the jetty structures by hired labor with Gov- ernment plant. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce of the locality is af- fected by the improvement, and all of the commerce uses the im- proved section. The usual limit of draft at present for loaded vessels is 20 feet; a few trips are made by vessels of deeper draft. There is no difference in the draft for different classes of traffic, but about 40 per cent of the traffic is in vessels drawing 18 feet and over, while 95 per cent of the traffic is in vessels drawing 15 feet or over when loaded. Lumber shipments furnish the bulk of the tonnage, and they show a decrease of about 35 per cent from the previous year. The decrease in the amount of traffic on this waterway during the year was caused principally by the shortage of vessels incidental to the European war, and to the fact that much of the freight was moved by the new competing railroad. Besides lumber, the chief items of water commerce for the current year were general merchan- dise, fuel oil, and dairy products, amounting to 305,073 tons, valued a $14,180,067. The total tonnage for the last five years was as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ...................... 818,458 $37,596,294 1917...................... 463, 901 $18, 415, 433 1915...................... 599,255 26,572,238 1918.................... 305,073 14,180,067 1916 ...................... 445,336 17,421,024 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,055.36: New New-wor work____________ $3,871,990.82 -------------------------------------- $387,9.2 Maintenance ---------------- ------------------- 457, 875. 72 Net total expended__-_ 1 4, 329, 866. 54 Total appropriations to date of this report-...... --- - 4, 714, 015. 00 1 Not including $9,000 contributed by local interests and expended on this work. 1786 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1,................ $140,559.68 $333, 485.14 $237,875.01 $54,282.55 . Expended for maintenance1............. 131,573.98 34,694.26 179,309.96 28,614.26 85,134.59 Total expended 1 .................... 272,133.66 38,179.40 417,184.97 82,89.81 5,134.59 Appropriated or allotted.................. 350,000.00 .......... 450,000.00 371,000.00 ............ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended- --------- $388, 602. 81 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------------ 680. 24 389, 283.05 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for mainte- nance------------------------- 5, 134. 59 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------- 384, 148. 46 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------------- -- 325. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $178,760.84 available only for maintenance ------------------------------------------- 383, 822. 96 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_________________________________________ 2510, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending june 30, 1921: For new work------------------------------------------ 2510, 000. 00 For maintenance---------------------------------------- 2196, 000. 00 Total ----- ---------------------------------- 2 706, 000.00 13. CRESCENT CITY HARBOR, CALIF. (A13). Location and description.-This harbor is 70 miles north of Hum- boldt Bay and 255 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River. It is formed by an indentation in the coast line about 1 mile in length by about three-fourths mile wide. It is partially protected from the open ocean by rocky reefs and small islands. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5895. Original condition.-The depths of water at this locality have always been fairly adequate for the commerce concerned but the har- bor is more or less exposed, particularly to the heavy ocean swells from the southwest, which render mooring of vessels difficult and make it impossible for vessels to lay at a wharf. The minimum usable depth at mean lower low water was 25 feet in the outer part and 15 feet in the inner part. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a stone breakwater 3,000 feet long, 6 feet above mean lower low water, and 20 feet wide on top, with a possible extension if funds will permit. The mean tidal range is 5 feet, with an extreme range of about 10 feet. The estimate of cost' for new work, made in 1915, is $490,000. No estimate for mainte- nance has been approved. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 18, 1918 (H. Doc. No. 434, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. z Exclusive of available funds. .1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1787 Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Work has not been com- menced under this project as yet. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The harbor is in its natural con- dition, no work of improvement having been done as yet. Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of July 18, 1918, requires local interests to furnish $200,000 toward this improvement; to furnish such land as may be required for the operations of the Government in connection with the project; and to give assurances that the projected railroad between Crescent City, Calif., and Grants Pass, Oreg., will be completed within a reasonable time. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, waives the condition as to the rail- road until an appropriation is made by the United States for the further prosecution of the project. Local interests have raised the funds required of them, but it seems probable that work will not be commenced until an appropriation is made by the United States. Terminal facilities.-There is only one wharf at this locality and it is privately owned, but it is open to the public on reasonable terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. ,Effect of improvement.-No work has been done at this harbor as yet. Proposed operations.-No appropriation has been made by the Government for this work as yet. Local interests are prepared to contribute the $200,000 to be furnished by them, but as this amount is not deemed sufficient to justify commencement of the work in view of the relatively large amount that will be required for plant and preliminary Twork, no work is proposed until Congress has ap- propriated the portion of the cost to be furnished by the United States. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-This project having been but recently adopted no statistics have been collected. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work_ Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report: No appropriation has been made by Congress as yet. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................ .......... ........ ....... .......... Expended for maintenance..................... ....................................... ...................... Aporopriated orallotted ..... .. ............. .............. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,782.49: New work_ --------------------------------------- $10, 256, 783. 95 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 1, 180, 657. 69 Net total expended - - - - - - - 11,437, 441. 64 Total appropriations to date of this report------_ 12, 265, 827. 97 1 Not including $108,757.13 contributed by local interests and expended on the works. 1788 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal'year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new I.... Expended for new work 1i.............. $374, 565.26 $564, 540.05 $332, 763.27 $132, 791.86 $232,936.62 Expended for maintenance 1............... 248,511.98 81, 040.39 274,222.62 139,319.17 83,141.20 Total expended 1................. . 623,077.24 645, 580.44 603,98589 272,111.03 316,077.82 Appropriated or allotted................... 494,422.40 .......... 1 717, 750. 00 670,000.00 372, 600. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------- ------------ $771, 010. 56 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918------------------------------------------------- 124, 000.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_---------------------------------------- --- 248, 600. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-------------853. 59 1, 144, 464. 15 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__----------------------------- $232, 936. 62 For maintenance--------------------------- 83, 141. 20 316, 077. 82 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------------- 828, 386. 33 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities -------------------------- 30, 869. 01 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $340,562.92 available only for maintenance----------------------- -------- 797, 517. 32 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project .. 231,073, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work 4 741, 150. 00 2--------------------------- For maintenance --------------------------- 2524, 400. 00 Total----------------------------------------------- 21, 265, 550. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 2, 1919. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Noyo River, Calif., including an entrance channel across the bar at the mouth. 2. Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE THIRD SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. This district, so far as actual project work is concerned, embraces the rivers and waterways within the area drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers above their confluence at head of Suisun Bay. It is entirely within the State of California and extends from the crest of the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the east to the Coast 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. $ Exclusive of $328,000 & Exclusive of $110,000 to be contributed by local interests. to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1789 Range on the west, and from the Cascade Range and the Oregon boundary on the north to the Tehachapi Mountains on the south. For police supervision the district has been defined as also includ- ing a part of Oregon and Nevada-particularly that part of the Great Basin that tends to drain toward the central portion of Nevada. District engineer: Col. L. H. Rand, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. H. Heuer, U. S. Army, retired. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong: for pur- poses of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. San Joaquin River, Calif. 3. Mokelumne River, Calif. (Al) -------------------- 1789 (A3) --------------------- ________ 1798 2. Stockton and Mormon Chan- 4. Sacramento River, Calif. nels (diverting canal), Calif. (A4) __--------------------__ 1800 (A2) -------------------- ___ 1796 5. Feather River, Calif. (A5) __ 1805 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR SEE PAGES 3397 TO 3408. SACRAMENTO, FEATHER, SAN JOAQUIN, AND MOKELUMNE RIVERS AND STOCKTON AND MORMON CHANNELS (DIVERTING CANAL). CALIF. (GROUP A.) 1. SAN JOAQUIN RIVER, CALIF. (Al). Location and description.-The upper branches of the San Joaquin River rise in the Sierra Nevadas and unite at a point 25 miles south- east of the Yosemite Valley to form the main river, which flows southwesterly to Herndon, 68 miles, thence westerly to Firebaugh, 50 miles; thence northwesterly to the mouth of Stockton Channel, 162 miles; and thence in the same general direction to Suisun Bay, 42.5 miles, its total length being about 325 miles. Stockton Channel is 2.5 miles long and connects the city of Stockton with the river. Mormon Channel is a branch of Stockton Channel and extends through the southerly part of Stockton 1.7 miles to the head of navi- gation at Center Street. Mormon Slough extends upstream from the head of navigation in Mormon Channel and is the south branch of Calaveras River. Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake form an arm of Stockton Channel near its upper end and extend northeasterly 2,000 feet, being an important part of the city's harbor. The total drainage area, exclusive of that which ordinarily drains into Tulare Lake, is about 15,500 square miles, of which about 2,400 is included in the Mokelumne River. The discharge at the mouth averages about 20,000 second-feet at high water and about 700 second-feet at low water. Tidal influence is felt over the lower 65 miles, and in this reach the average fall at low water is from 0.1 to 0.2 foot per mile. Above this reach to the head of navigation at Hills Ferry, 128.5 miles above the mouth, there is an average fall of 0.8 foot per mile at low water. The river decreases in width from 4,000 feet at its mouth to 200 feet at the mouth of Stockton Channel, and from here to Hills Ferry it has an average width of 200 feet between banks. At extremely low water the flow at places between Herndon 1790 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. and San Joaquin Bridge, 58.5 miles above the mouth, is not con- tinuous, due to diversion through irrigation canals and sloughs. Original condition.-The lower 34 miles of the river have always been broad and deep. In spite of numerous sharp bends and widths of less than 100 feet in places, the 15 miles of river above, including Stockton Channel, were navigated at mean 'lower low water by boats drawing 6 feet. Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake were less than 5 feet deep in places at mean lower low water. The north branch of the Calaveras River was choked with silt and Mormon Slough had become the principal branch, during freshets carrying large quanti- ties of silt which were deposited in Mormon and Stockton Channels. The upper river, although obstructed by snags and reduced by side channels, was navigated by boats drawing 4 feet to the head of navigation at Hills Ferry about half the year and to Firebaugh for a few weeks at high water. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the mouth of San Joaquin River to the mouth of Stockton Channel and in Stockton Channel to its head at Stockton, a total distance of 45 miles; for a depth of 9 feet in Fremont Chan- nel and McLeod Lake; for a channel 4 feet deep and 80 feet wide in Mormon Channel from Stockton Channel to Center Street, Stock- ton, 1.7 miles; for cutting off sharp bends and making cut-offs in the river; for partial closing of side channels at Lairds Slough and Paradise Cut by weirs to confine the low-water flow to one main channel; and for snagging, removing overhanging trees, and con- structing brush wing dams from the mouth of Stockton Channel to Hills Ferry, 86 miles, to facilitate light-draft navigation on this part of the river during higher stages of water. All depths are referred to mean lower low water. The following table shows the tide and flood conditions prevailing: Range in feet. Miles from Place. mouth of Mean Extreme Ordinary Extreme river, tidal.' tidal. flood. flood. Collinsville .. ..... ............................ . 5.8 7.0 8.0 9.9 Mouth, Stockton Channel .......................... 42.5 3.0 4.0 8.5 13.7 San Joaquin Bridge...................... ...... 58.5 1.1 1.5 17.0 21.0 Hills Ferry ... ................................ 128.5 .................... 12.0 16.0 1 Mean lower low water to mean higher high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1911, is $210,632, exclusive of the cost of the work in Mormon Channel and that in San Joaquin River from the mouth of Stockton Channel up to Hills Ferry, and in Laird Slough and Paradise Cut, for which there is no approved estimate. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $26,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of August 14, 1876, March 3, 1881, July 5, 1884, August 11, 1888, July 13, 1892, August 18, 1894, and June 3, 1896, pro- vided for cutting off sharp bends and making cut-offs in San Joaquin River below the mouth of Stockton Channel, dredging Mormon Chan- nel, snagging, removing obstructions, and constructing wing dams RIVERS AND HARBORS--3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1791 in San Joaquin River from Stockton Channel to Hills Ferry, and the partial closing of side channels at Laird Slough and Paradise Cut, without adopting any specific dimensions; the act -of June 25, 1910, provided for the 9-foot channel up to Stockton (H. Doc. No. 1124, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the improvement of Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake (H. Doc. No. 581, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 332, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fscal year.-Dredging done under new work includes cutting off the point on the north side of Stock- ton Channel at its mouth, 3,500 feet in length, 9 feet deep, widths varying from nothing to 75 feet, excavating 207,000 cubic yards of material, and removing a part of a berm island below Black Slough Landing, 71 miles below Stockton Channel; making a cut of varying widths 4,800 feet long, 9 feet deep and excavating 136,800 cubic yards of material. A total of 343,800 cubic yards of new work at both places, at a total expenditure of $25,759.50, or $0.075 per cubic yard, was excavated. The' above work was done by clamshell dredges under contract on an hourly basis. Maintenance work includes dredging a channel 2,600 feet long, of varying widths, 9 feet deep, through a bar near Turners Landing, 8 miles below Stockton Channel, excavating 23,400 cubic yards at a total expenditure of $1,556.12, or $0.067 per cubic yard, and snagging operations from the mouth of Stockton Channel to Crows Landing Bridge, a distance of 75 miles, removing 16 obstructions from the channel and 201 trees from the banks, at a total expenditure of $3,688.97, for removing the 217 obstructions, or at a unit cost of $18.15 per obstruction. The above dredging work was done by hired clamshell dredges under contract on an hourly basis, the snagging operations were done by hired labor and U. S. snag boat Seizer and plant. The total expenditure for all of the above maintenance work, including miscellaneous matters of administration, was $5,453.50. The expenditures were as follows: New. work. Maintenance. Total. San Joaquin River, Stockton and Mormon Channels and Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake.... ............. ........ $5, 453.50 $5,453.50 Nine-foot Channel and cut-offs ......................... ... $25, 759.50 25,759.50 Total................... ............ ........ 25, 759.50 5,453.50 31,213.00 Condition at end of fiscal year.-Exclusive of work done in Mor- mon Channel, in the river above iStockton Channel, and in Laird Slough and Paradise Cut, for which there is no approved estimate of cost, and for which records of expenditures were not kept separate for new work and maintenance prior to 1898, the project is 46.8 per cent complete, except for maintenance. Fourteen river bend cut-offs have been made at various points along the river, of which three were by the State of California. These cut-offs have shortened the navigable channel by nearly 6 miles, have increased scouring effects of the tide, and have reduced the flood-water plane. During the early years of the project dams at Paradise Cut and Laird Slough were built, having in view the confinement of flow 125851-ENG 1919---11.3 1792 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. to one channel. The latter dam has since been washed out. Some temporary improvement work was also done. In the river, Stockton Channel, Mormon Channel, Fremont Chan- nel, and McLeod Lake at the end of the fiscal year the project depths are the controlling depths at mean lower low water except in Stockton Channel at a shoal near the mouth, where the controlling depth is 8.3 feet. The project width is available in Mormon Chan- nel. A width of 100 feet with project depth of 9 feet is available in Stockton Channel except for 1,200 feet, which is slightly narrower, and for 600 feet at the shoal above noted. In the river below Stock- ton Channel a width of 100 feet with project depth of 9 feet is every- where available except for the first half mile. The project width of 200 feet is available for 1,700 feet in Stockton Channel, and in the river from a point 1J miles below to a point 5 miles below Stock- ton Channel, and also from a point 8 miles below Stockton Channel to the mouth of the river. There are several points of land to be cut off, and widening to be done at other places. The largest amounts of work are at and just below the mouth of Stockton Channel, and at and just below Vulcan Island, 44 miles below Stockton Channel. Spoil disposal areas for the material to be dredged out of Stockton Channel and rights of way on the river at Smiths Canal, Browns Island, and Black Slough Landing, respectively, 2, 12, and 62 miles below !Stockton Channel, are yet to be obtained. The river from the mouth of Stockton Channel up to Hills Ferry usually has a con- trolling depth of 5 feet from April to August, inclusive, as a result of snagging operations of recent years. Navigation is impracticable in the low stages after August. Gage readings above low water corresponding to this controlling depth are as follows: United States Weather Bureau gage at Lathrop Bridge, 7 feet; San Joaquin City, 10 feet; Grayson, 9 feet; Hills Ferry, 9 feet. The new work remaining to be done to complete the project is to establish a chan- nel of project dimensions in Stockton Channel and below in the river to its mouth where not now existing, as stated above. Also there is maintenance work to be continued on all completed portions of the project. The total expenditures have been $787,722.60, of which $91,681.63 was for new work, $311,616.39 for maintenance, and $384,424.58 for new work and maintenance not kept separate prior to 1898. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, and July 25, 1912, all land needed for cut-offs, channel widening, cutting off sharp bends and depositing dredged material were required to be furnished free of cost to the United States, and local interests were required to give satisfactory evidence that they would provide adequate bulkheads and terminals in Fre- mont Channel and McLeod Lake. The lands needed have been fur- nished for all cut-offs and for widening the channel and cutting off bends of Stockton Channel, and the provisions for bulkheads and terminals in McLeod Lake and Fremont Channel were approved by the Secretary of War September 11, 1912. Local interests are ne- gotiating for the land needed on the San Joaquin River below Stock- ton Channel and also for spoil disposal area required in widening Stockton Channel. In addition to the above, the following work, which was not re- quired by law, has been done with local funds for the benefit of the public: Rights of way furnished for Head Reach Cut-off made in RIVERS AND HARBORS-3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1793 1891; three cut-offs made by the State of California (see Annual Report for 1900, p. 4224); a dredge was maintained at Stockton by that city (see Annual Report for 1882, p. 2537); extensive wharves and .concrete bulkheads built at Stockton; the river dredged by San Joaquin County in 1910; the dam at Paradise Cut has been main- tained during recent years by private interests. Terminal facilities.-There are 13,000 linear feet of water front on McLeod Lake and Stockton Channel above the mouth of Mormon Channel, of which 9,300 linear feet are owned by the city of Stockton and the balance by private interests. On Mormon Channel there are 18,000 linear feet of water front, of which 7,000 linear feet are owned by the city. The total floor space in warehouses on all the above water front is 800,000 square feet, of which 36,000 square feet are on land owned by the city; and about one-third of the frontage is cov- ered by wharves. On the river above Stockton Channel the only warehouse is at Temple Slough, 186.5 miles above the mouth of the river, and there are no large warehouses on the river proper below Stockton Channel, landings and sheds being used to handle traffic, except at Antioch and Pittsburg near the mouth of the river, where extensive wharves and warehouses exist. However, in the delta coun- try on both sides, many warehouses have been constructed to store commodities later shipped on the main river. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improveaent.-Increased transportation facilities have resulted from shortening the distance between Stockton and all bay points and stabilizing of navigation schedules, which have not been interrupted by water conditions, while navigation in foggy weather has been rendered safer and easier, and an indirect benefit to the lands through which the river flows has occurred, in that the high- water plane has been lowered to an appreciable degree. Additional harbor space has become available to the city of Stockton. Conges- tion of the main harbor has been reduced. The effect of the improve- ment upon freight rates is indeterminate, but it is known that the State railroad commission takes into account water competition in fixing railroad rates. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend a portion of the funds reported as available for maintenance only, during the fiscal year 1920 as follows, in maintaining a channel of project dimensions: Dredging in Stockton Channel, Mormon Channel, and San Joaquin River------------------- ---------------- $15, 000. 00 Surveys, soundings, etc., in above reaches---------------------- 3, 000. 00 leaving a balance unexpended, July 1, 1920, of $14,660.47. Any snag- ging, removal of overhanging trees from banks, or construction of brush wingdams in the river from the mouth of Stockton Channel to Hills Ferry, needed to facilitate navigation during the high and mean stages of water, would have to be accomplished by a diversion from the funds estimated as needed for dredging, and must show a correspondingly greater benefit to be derived. With the funds re- ported as available for new work, it is proposed to expend about $3,000 for rights of way matters and miscellaneous administration; and the balance in dredging Stockton Channel and the river to the 1794 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. project dimensions as rapidly as the lands needed therefor and to be provided by local interests, are furnished, and as the nature of the banks permit. In some cases the dredged material must be deposited by steps, to prevent sliding. These factors are entirely indeterminate, so the rate of expenditure can not be stated. The funds available July 1, 1919, will suffice for the proposed work to June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Practically all freight, except the item water, is transported over that portion of the river under improve- ment. The draft of loaded vessels is seldom over 7 feet. The com- merce for the calendar year 1918 amounted to 2,114,382 tons, of which 1,348,146 tons was water pumped from the river and trans- ported for industrial use. This water is obtained at a distance of from 10 miles to 35 miles above the mouth of the river, according to stage of river and tide (as necessary to insure freshness), and is transported therefrom in large barges under tow to Crockett, on Carquinez Strait (salt water) for use as fresh water for sugar re- finery purposes. Of the remainder, 766,236 tons, beans formed about 3 per cent; fuel oil, 5 per cent; general merchandise, 17 per cent; grain and millstuffs, 24 per cent; lumber, 2 per cent; onions, 9 per cent; potatoes, 21 per cent; and sand, 5 per cent. The increase of the normal tonnage over that of 1917 was due chiefly to the release from storage of food and feed formerly held for Government re- quirements, and generally increased production. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1914........ 772,156 $35,479, 741 207, 249 1917........ 1,890,856 $50,367. 760 * 206,131 1915 ........ 831,234 35, 358, 240 189,667 1918........ 2,114,382 65, 204, 825 236,379 1916......... 824,222 42,179,160 182,486 In addition to the above, there is a large tonnage from and to Pittsburg, the greater part of which is hauled on San Francisco Bay and its arms, but which passes over the lower 2 to 4 miles on the San Joaquin River not at present under improvement. The total freight amounted to 199,997 tons, the value of which was $7,610,565. Financial summary. STOCKTON AND MORMON CHANNELS AND FREMONT CHANNEL AND M 'LEOD LAKE. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ----------------------------------------------- $11, 000. 00 New work and maintenance------------------------------1384,424. 58 Maintenance _------------------------------------------- 304, 834. 95 Net total expended------------------------------------- 700, 259. 53 otal appropriations to date of this report-------------733, 170. 00 Cost of new work and maintenance not kept separate- prior to 1898. RIVERS AND. HARBORS--3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1795 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........................... ... ........... ................ Expended for maintenance ............. $.. 17, 331. 69 $5, 040. 90 $14, 993. 05 $4, 64. 80 $5, 453.50 Appropriated or allotted.... ....... ...... ........... 11,000.00 ............ 11000. 00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended______________________________ $27, 363. 97 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 11, 000. 00 38, 363. 97 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 5, 453. 50 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ______-___-__-________ --- 32, 910. 47 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities---___ -- __.- _____-__- - 250. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance__--_- -__-- 32, 660. 47 NINE-FOOT CHANNEL AND CUT-OFFS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work -------- ------------- ------------------- $80, 681. 63 Maintenance -------- --------------------------------- 6. 781.44 Net total expended______________________- 87, 463. 07 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------204, 632. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................... $20,411.02 $22,834.52 $4, 879.44 $6, 797.15 $25, 759.50 Expended for maintenance........ .... ...... .......... 2,250.00 4,531.44 ............ Total expended ................... 20,411.02 22, 834.52 7, 129.44 11,328.59 25,759.50 Appropriated or allotted ................... .................................... 35,000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_----------------------------- $107, 928. 43 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 35, 000. 00 142, 928. 43 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 25, 759. 50 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ _--.__.-- -____-- _____ 117, 168. 93 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR SAN JOAQUIN RIVER. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work _____________------------ __- ------ 91, 681.63 New work and maintenance------------------------------ 384, 424. 58 Maintenance - ----- ------------ ------------ 311, 616. 39 Net total expended_------------------------------ 787, 722. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report____________________--937, 802. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .......... $20,411.02 $22, 834.52 $4, 879.44 $6, 797.15 $25, 759.50 Expended for maintenance ............. 17, 331. 69 5, 040. 90 17, 243. 05 '9, 146.24 5, 453.50 Total expended ........... ........ 37,742.71 27,875.42 22,122.49 15,943.39 31,213.00 Appropriated or allotted ................. ....................... 11,000.00 ----... .. 46,000.00 1 Cost of new work and maintenance not kept separate prior to 1898. 1796 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ------------------------------ $135, 292. 40 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 46, 000. 00 181, 292. 40 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work--------------------------------$25, 759. 50 For maintenance ------------------------------- 5, 453. 50 31, 213.00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _______________________--__ 150, 079. 40 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_____________________________ 250. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $37,660.47 available only for maintenance__________ _______________ -_______-__ 149, 829.. 40 2. STOCKTON AND MORMON CHANNELS (DIVERTING CANAL), CALIF. (A2). Location and description.-This is an artificial cut about 5 miles long located about 2 miles northeast of Stockton and designed to pre- vent the deposit in Stockton and Mormon Channels of silt coming down from the upper Calaveras River through Mormon Slough, the south branch of the Calaveras River, by diverting it to the north branch of river proper. See U. S. Geological Survey sheet " Stock- ton Quadrangle." Original condition.-The north branch of the Calaveras River, which formerly carried most of the discharge of the stream, had be- come choked with silt and Mormon Slough had become the principal branch. During annual freshets there were deposited large quan- tities of silt in the quiet waters of Mormon and Stockton Channels, and extensive dredging was necessary to keep the channels open. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for diverting the waters of Mor- mon Slough from Stockton and Mormon Channels by means of a dam in the slough 3 miles east of Stockton, a canal 150 feet wide, with average cut of 7.9 feet, thence to the north branch of the Cala- veras River, 4.63 miles, enlarging to 1,550 square feet the cross section of this branch, thence to its mouth at the San Joaquin River, 5 miles, and a levee along the west side of the canal and the south side of the north branch formed by the material removed. The height of the levee is limited by necessary railway and highway crossings to about 3 feet. above the contemplated flood surface. The canal is empty during the greater part of the year, but at times of extreme flood there is a depth of about 12 feet, and at ordinary flood a depth of about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1906, is $280,395. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doec. No. 152, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, p. 3188). The latest published map is in House Document No. 256, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. An expenditure of $18.70 was made for administrative work of supervision and in- spection. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 86.3 per cent completed, though considerable deterioration has taken place since the completion of excavation, due to deposits of silt. For the RIVERS AND HARBORS-3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1797 time being most of the former deposits of silt are prevented in Stock- ton and Mormon Channels, thereby saving expensive annual dredging. in them. Work remaining to be done, as at present contemplated, in- cludes only maintenance of the existing works. The expenditures have been $253,377.90, of which $242,111.19 was for new work and $11,266.71 was for maintenance. Local cooperation.-Under the provisions of the river and har- bor act of June 13, 1902, all land needed for the right of way for this canal was required to be furnished free of cost to the United States and this has been done, the matter having received the ap- proval of the Secretary of War under date of December 2, 1907. The bridges across the canal were built by the United States but they have been maintained by the city of Stockton and San Joaquin County. Prior to the commencement of work by the United States the waters of Mormon Slough had been diverted over the " Boggs Tract." Terminal facilties.-See report on San Joaquin River, Calif. Effect of improvement.-Deposits in Stockton and Mormon Chan- nels have been lessened and the cost of maintenance reduced. Navi- gation has not been interrupted by formation of bars. The 1911 flood on the Calaveras River would have caused great damage to navigation had the diverting canal not been in existence. Proposed operations.--The funds available are inadequate to carry out any comprehensive plan of improvement at the diverting canal. No recommendation for additional funds is believed to be justified at present, especially in view of damage suits now pending against the United States. It is proposed to make only such expenditures with the available funds as are necessary to maintain the canal in success- ful operation and their amount and rate of expenditure can be de- termined only at the approach of the low water stage. Reconmmended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-See report on San Joaquin River, Calif. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to. June 30, 1919: New work----------------------------------------- $242, 111. 19 Maintenance ----------------------------- 11, 266. 71 Net total expended__-------------------------------- 253, 377. 90 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 291, 395. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended fornew work.................................... Expended for maintenance.. ............... 334.26 $1,049.11 $2,934.08 $2881.67.$18.70 Appropriated or allotted ................. ... ....... ........... 10, 000 00 ......... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended---------------------- $38, 035.80 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 18. 70 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 38, 017. 10 1798 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 3. MOKELUMNE RIVER, CALIF. (A3). Location and description.-The Mokelumne River rises near the crest of the Sierra Nevadas, flows a total distance of 140 miles via the North Fork or 145 miles via the South Fork, and empties into the San Joaquin River 20 miles above the mouth of the latter. Its course is southwesterly 119 miles to the town of Woodbridge; thence northerly about 9 miles to the Galt-New Hope Bridge; thence north- westerly, westerly, and southerly 8 miles by river to New Hope Landing, where it separates, afterwards reuniting below in a south- erly direction 9 miles via the North Fork and 14 miles via the South Fork (forming Staten Island), 4 miles from San Joaquin River. The river lies generally about midway between the cities of Sacra- mento and Stockton. It has a drainage area of about 2,400 square miles. The discharge varies from less than 100 second-feet from September to December to 3,000 from April to July. The average slope is about 0.5 foot per mile. The average width varies from about 1,000 feet at the lower end to about 100 feet at the head of navigation at Galt-New Hope Bridge. It is tidal over its navigable length, 35 miles, including both forks. Over the remaining or upper portion the flow is rapid. See U. S. Geological Survey "Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley." Original condition.-In general, dimensions of channels and mini- mum usable depth at mean lower low water in the tidal reach, which is also the section included in the project, were as given above in Location and description and as tabulated below in Existing project, except for several large shoals. Also, snags and overhanging trees obstructed navigation. The head of navigation was at Galt-New Hope Bridge. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags and obstructions and occasional dredging of shoals from the mouth of the river to Galt-New Hope Bridge, a distance of 35 miles, including both forks. The mean lower-low-water depths considered sufficient for'needs of navigation are as follows: Location of section going upstream. Depth. Length. Feet. Miles. Mouth of river to lower junction North and So uth Forks .......-..-.. - -- -- -............... 9 4 Lower junction North and South Forks to Snodgrass Slough via North Fork........ 9 8 Snodgrass Slough to upper junction North and Soith Forks.............. .......... 6 1 Lower junction North and South Forks to upper junction of same at New Hope Landing via So ,th Fork -......... ........... .......................... ........ 9 14 New Hope Landing to Galt-New Hope Bridge.------------------.....----........................... ---------------- 3 8 At low river stages the range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water at the mouth is 4 feet, with extreme tidal range of 5 feet; there is no tide at the upper end, just above Galt- New Hope Bridge. Ordinary flood fluctuation is 5.5 feet at the mouth and 12 feet at the upper end. Extreme flood fluctuation is 8 feet at the mouth and 17 feet at the upper end. The. estimate of cost for new work, made in 1881, is $8,250, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $800. RIVERS AND HARBORS-3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1799 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884 (Annual Report for 1882, p. 2637). For latest pub- lished map see House Document No. 1160, Sixty-third Congress. second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A clamshell dredge working a few days at the end of July and the first of August made a channel about 1,200 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 9 feet deep through a bar in South Fork just below New Hope Landing Bridge, and a channel 80 feet wide and 3 feet deep for an aggregate length of 1,000 feet through three bars near the mouth of the Cosumnes River, in the section of river from New Hope Landing to Galt-New Hope Bridge. The dredge worked on an hourly basis contract, excavat- ing 20,000 cubic yards at a cost of $1,314.86. The total expenditure for dredging and the additional expense of towing, inspection, soundings, and supervision was $1,500, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1885. Controlling depths were those of the project, and are shown in the table urider Existing project; observations were made in'the first three reaches of river in October, 1917, and in the other two in August, 1918. The channel is free of obstructions to the head of navigation. The expenditures have been $8,500 for new work and $25,500 for maintenance, a total of $34,000. Local cooperation.-None has been required by law. In 1904 the State of California spent $10,000 and private parties $40,000, and in 1910 the State spent $22,782.39 on improvements. Terminal facilities.-Commodities are handled on landings or di- rectly on the banks at various points. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Regular steamboat operation has been made possible to the Galt-New Hope Bridge. Development of the delta country contiguous to the river is doubtless due considerably to improved transportation conditions, as boats at present furnish the most practicable means of freight transportation. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to maintain the project di- mensions by dredging and to remove snags and overhanging trees. The location and extent of both these operations can not be deter- mined until the approach of the low-water season. It is estimated that $1,000 will be necessary to cover proposed operations for the fiscal year of 1920. For the fiscal year 1921 it is estimated that $1,500 will be required for maintenance work as above. This amount is greater than the average for the previous five years because of the increased costs of operation on all works, and increased difficulties of spoil disposal. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1918 amounted to 67,949 tons, showing a decrease of 14 per cent from that of 1917, with a decrease of 10 per cent in value. A loss of about 50 per cent in the respective quantities of beans, corn, and onions was partially compensated for by an increase of about 50 per cent in po- tatoes, but the greatest loss was in barley, due to its decreased de- mand for brewing purposes. Of the total tonnage barley was about 1800 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 6 per cent; beans, 5 per cent; corn, 6 per cent; general merchandise, 16 per cent; onions, 7 per cent; and potatoes, 37 per cent. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1914........ 69,783 $3,045, 870 1,459 1917........ 78,954 $6, 806,410 18,961 1915........ 88,624 4, 033, 698 1,994 1918.......... 67,949 6,135,575 17,290 1916........ 80,871 5, 202,847 15,841 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work$-------------------------------------------8, 500. 00 Maintenance ---------- ------------------------------- 25, 500. 00 Net total expended__ ___-- ______---_ 34, 000. 00 STotal appropriations to date of this report__--------------------- 35, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............ ................ ....... ... ..................... Expended for maintenance.............. $243.20 $652.24 $702.51 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 Appropriated or allotted....................................... 500.00 1,000.00 2,500.00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__ $1, 500. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 1, 000. 00 2, 500. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 1, 500. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended __------------_ _-- 1, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ------- _----------_ -_--- 11, 500. 00 4. SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF. (A4). Location and description.-Thisriver is formed by numerous tribu- taries draining the Trinity and Warner Mountains in northern Cali- fornia, the principal streams in its upper course being the McCloud, Fall, Pit, and Sacramento proper. From its lowest junction with the Pit the river flows about 320 miles in a southerly direction and empties into Suisun Bay at Collinsville. It has a total drainage area of 27,100 square miles, including the Feather River. Its extreme flood discharge ranges from 278,000 second-feet at Red Bluff, the head of navigation, to nearly 600,000 second-feet at Collinsville. Its extreme low-water flow ranges from 4,000 second-feet at Red Bluff to 5,000 second-feet at Collinsville. The upper end of the tidal reach is a little above Sacramento, 60.7 miles from the mouth. The fall be- tween the mouth and Sacramento is about 0.1 foot per mile at low water, and average width of banks is from 400 to 1,500 feet. Be- tween Sacramento and Colusa, 146.9 miles from the mouth, the fall 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1801 at low water isabout 0.4 foot per mile, and the average width be- tween banks is from 300 to 600 feet. Between Colusa and Chico Landing, 198.2 miles from the mouth, the fall at low water is about 1.4 feet per mile, and the average width between banks is from 500 to 1,000 feet. Between Chico Landing and Red Bluff, 250.6 miles from the mouth, the fall at low water is 2.4 feet per mile, and the average width between banks is from 500 to 1,000 feet. Between the mouth and Colusa the flow is sluggish. Above Colusa the current gradually becomes swift, reaching 6 miles per hour over rapids near Red Bluff. See U. S. Geological Survey map, "Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif." Original condition.-From the mouth up to Sacramento there was a controlling depth at mean lower low water of 4 feet. River steamers were unable to reach Sacramento at low water without lightening their cargoes. From Sacramento to Colusa the controlling depth was a little over 3 feet. Between Colusa and Red Bluff nests of snags nearly blocked the river traffic, and the controlling depth at low water was less than 3 feet from Colusa to Chico Landing, and less than 1 foot from Chico Landing to Red Bluff. The head of navigation was at Red Bluff. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and modified by river and harbor acts of August 7, 1882, December 21, 1889, July 13, 1892, and August 18, 1894. The total amount expended thereunder prior to commence- ment of operations under the existing project in 1899 was $738,918.14, the expenditures for new work and maintenance not having been kept separate. For further details of previous projects see page 1985, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep from the mouth of the river to Sacramento, 60.7 miles; thence 4 feet deep to Colusa, 86.2 miles; thence 3 feet deep to Chico Landing, 51.3 miles; and such depths as practicable thence to Red Bluff, 52.4 miles. All depths are referred to low water. Below Sacramento the results are to be obtained by means of wing dams at or near shoals, supple- mented by dredging if necessary. Above Sacramento the results are to be obtained by removal of snags and concentration of the channel by temporary works. The following table shows the tidal and flood conditions prevailing: Sacramento R'iver. Miles from Ordinary Extreme Place. mouth of Mean tidal Extreme flood flood river. range. tidal range. fluctua- fluctua- tion. tion. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Collinsville........................ .......... 0 15.8 7 8 9.9 Sacramento............................... Vernon ........... ...................... 60.7 81 . 1 75 ............ 2 1 1.25 Trace. 20 20 30 24 Colusa............ ......................... 146.9 ................ 25 32 Chico Landing........................... 198.2 ................. ....... 20 25 Red Bluff.............. ................. 250.6 ........................ . 24 29 1 Mean lower low water to mean higher high water. 2Tide at low-water season only. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1898, is $280,000, exclu- sive of amounts-expended under previous projects, on the Sacra- mento River below Sacramento. The latest approved estimate for 1802 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. annual cost of maintenance above Sacramento (1911) is $25,000, and for below Sacramento (1918), $25,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act approved March 3, 1899, provided for the work below Sacramento (H. Does. Nos. 186, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and 48, 55th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, prdvided for the work above Sacramento (H. Doc. No. 76, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps of the section below Sacramento see House Docu- ment No. 1123, Sixtieth Congress, second session; and of the section above Sacramento, House Document No. 76, Sixty-second Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The river was cleared of obstructions from its mouth to Chico Landing, 198.2 miles above the mouth of the river at Collinsville. Some 1,712 logs, trees, stumps, and snags were removed from the river and destroyed, 5,422 trees and logs on bars and banks were destroyed, at a total cost of $28,039.70 for removing 7,134 obstructions, or $3.93 per obstruction. Total ex- .penditures were $30,031.93. Six wingdams were rebuilt between the Southern Pacific Railroad bridge at Sacramento and the mouth of the American River, at a total cost and expenditure of $8,311.52 or $1,385.25 per wingdam. All of the above work was done with hired labor and Government plant. Channels 7 feet deep were dredged from Edwards Break three miles below Sacramento to the M Street Bridge at Sacramento in restoring project depths as follows:. At Edwards Break, 400 feet long and 125 feet wide; at Merkeleys Crossing, 500 feet long and 125 feet wide; from Sacramento Bend to M Street Bridge, 6,300 feet long and 125 feet wide; later this same channel was redredged. A channel 7 feet deep, of the lengths and widths indicated, was dredged in the operation of constructing temporary training walls with the material dredged at the following places: From Southern Pacific Bridge to mouth of American River, 3,000 feet long and 75 feet wide; later same channel was redredged; at Brytes Bend, 1,000 feet long and 75 feet wide; later the same channel was redredged; at Merkeleys, 750 feet long and 75 feet wide; later the same channel was redredged; at Russian Crossing, 1,000 feet long and 75 feet wide; later the same channel was redredged; at a bar two miles above Elk Horn, 750 feet long and 75 feet wide; from Doyles to the mouth of Feather River, 10,560 feet long and 75 feet wide; and 6,300 cubic yards were ex- cavated in Collins Eddy Cut-off in restoring project depth. The above work was all done by contract on an hourly basis of payment. A total of 568,713 cubic yards were excavated at a cost of $30,165.20, or a cost of $0.053 per cubic yard. Total expenditures were $28,- 830. -- A resurvey of Sacramento Harbor was made, 27,500 linear- feet of waterfront at a cost and expenditure of $1,069.62 or $0.039 per linear foot. Portions of the river between Vernon and Freeport were sounded, the total cost and expenditure being $3,181 for the 40 miles covered, or $79.525 per river mile. The project depths were maintained during the year, except for a few days at a few points. All work in connection with granting 14 permits, and the administra- tion and supervision of bridge investigations, was done at a cost and expenditure of $329. The total expenditures were $71,753.07 for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1803 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project for work below Sacramento was completed in 1904. The controlling depth from the mouth of the river to Sacramento is 7 feet as of June, 1919; from Sacramento to Colusa 3 feet as of June, 1919; from Colusa to Butte City 3 feet as of May, 1919; above Butte City to head of navigation.from December 1 to May 30, 3 feet as of October, 1918. From February to May, inclusive, usually, vessels drawing 14 feet can be taken to Sacramento with a gage reading of 16 feet or over at Sacramento; those drawing 8 feet can be taken to Colusa with a gage reading of 6 feet or over at Colusa; those drawing 5 feet can be taken to Chico Landing with a gage reading of 5 feet or over at Chico Landing; and those drawing 4 feet can be taken to Red Bluff with a gage reading of 5 feet or more at Red Bluff. Wing dams have been built and maintained at practically all shoals below Sacramento and above Sacramento to the mouth of the Feather River. Dredging has been done as it became necessary to supple- ment the action of wing dams in maintaining project depths. Snags and other obstructions have been removed annually. The project depths at low water are available, except at a few shoals where dredging is necessary and is being done. The total expenditures have been $639,646.97, of which $37,212.71 was for new work and $602,434.26 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Voluntary local and State cooperation has been quite extensive. The State of California has done bank-protection work, built wing dams, made cut-offs, and done various other river work. The city of Sacramento has built municipal wharyes and freight sheds, and reclamation districts have dredged much material from the river for levees, to the material aid of navigation. It is estimated that this work has amounted to approximately $3,000,000. Terminal facilities.-At Sacramento there are 4,521 linear feet of wharves, of which 1,850 linear feet are owned by the city and 420 linear feet are open to general public use. There are 198,150 square feet of warehouse space, of which 81,400 square feet are owned by the city and 18,480 square feet are open to general public use. Facili- ties for transferring to railways are fair. On the west bank, oppo- site Sacramento, is a large wharf and warehouse with a bean-clean- ing plant in connection, built in 1917. Between Sacramento and Chico Landing are three wharves, located at Knights Landing, Grimes, and Colusa, and numerous small landings. Freight is also handled directly on the bank. Between Sacramento and Colusa are 25 warehouses and between Colusa and Chico Landing 22 ware- houses, all on or close to the bank. Between Sacramento and the mouth of the river, excluding Rio Vista, are 14 large wharves, about 30 large warehouses, and many small landings. At Rio Vista are 1,000 linear feet of wharf and warehouse facilities, all owned by private interests. These facilities are considered adequate for exist- ing commerce, except at the city of Sacramento, where extension and improvement are quite desirable. For a full descrintion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Continuous navigation has been made possible from the mouth to Chico Landing, but the effects upon rates resulting from the improvement are indeterminate. However, it is 1804 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. known that the State railroad commission does take into account water competition in fixing railroad rates. Proposed operations.-The available funds will be used to continue maintaining project depths in the river by snagging, building wing dams, and dredging. The expenditure will probably be at the rate of $110,000 for a new snag boat, $40,000 for field work for the remain- der of this working season, and $6,412.52 for the next working season, until July 1. For the fiscal year 1921 there will be required an additional appro- priation in the sum of $75,000, estimated to be expended as follows: Dredging below Sacramento______-- _________- ___-------- $10, 000 Operations of snag boat below Sacramento------ 7, 500 Repairs and additions to wing dams below Sacramento- -- _____ 10, 000 Dredging above Sacramento _____________-- ____ ____-- 12, 500 Operations of snag boat above Sacramento --- __-__ 31, 500 Repairs and additions to wing dams above Sacramento_ __________ 3, 500 Total7-- ---------------------------------------------- 5, 000 The increase in the estimate over that of the average for the previous five years is due to the increased cost of operation on all works. Recommended modifications of project.-In House Document No. 1893, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, it was recommended that instead of Red Bluff Chico Landing be made the head of the im- provement. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of commerce for the calendar year 1918 consisted of beans, 7 per cent; canned goods, 2 per cent; crushed rock, 4 per cent; fruit and vegetables, 6 per cent; fuel oil, 10 per cent; gasoline and distillate, 5 per cent; general mer- chandise, 21 per cent; grain and millstuffs, 24 per cent; and hay, 3 per cent. Increase in tonnage and its value is a function of the ever- increasing cultivation and production, somewhat nullified by unusual low-water conditions in recent years. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914..............................................--........ 721,090 $38,211,760 175,485 1915................................... . ......................... 766,935 38,027,703 191,416 1916................... ......................................... 875,780 46,908,093 115,666 1917........................................... .............. 947,690 96,820,992 57,797 1918 .......................................................... 1,053,510 113,991,123 112,206 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,627.08: New work --------------------- ------------------- $37, 212. 71 New work and maintenance_-------------------------- 738, 918. 14 Maintenance 02, 434. 26 6--------------------------------- Net total expended_ ------------------------------- 1, 378, 565. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report-- --------------- 1,541,000. 00 1Cost of new work and maintenance not kept separate prior to Mar. 3, 1899. RIVERS AND HARBORS-3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1805 s Difference of $1 from previous report due to refun dment of overpayment in that sum. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended --------------------------- $20, 167.96 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918. 9, 000.00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 175, 000.00 Amount allotted for emergencies, Oct. 16, 1918, act of Mar. 4, 1915_ 30, 00. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ..- 20. 00 234, 187. 96 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance -------------------------------------------- 71, 753. 07 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--------------------------- 162, 434. 89 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 6, 022. 37 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance_ ---- 156, 412. 52 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work and for maintenance.----------------- 75, 000. 00 5. FEATHER RIVER, CALIF. (A5). Location and description.--The Feather River rises in the Sierra Nevadas, flows southwesterly about 125 miles, and empties into the Sacramento River about 20 miles by river above the city of Sacra- mento. Its total drainage area is 6,200 square miles, and its extreme flood discharge is nearly 250,000 second-feet and low-water discharge 1,600 second-feet. It has a fall of about 1.15 feet per mile from Marysville to its mouth (28.3 miles by river) and an average width of 400 to 800 feet. In places the current is very swift. See U. S. Geological Survey sheet "Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley." Original condition.-The river was much obstructed by deposits of mining debris and snags. Navigation was carried on during high water, but was impracticable during the low-water stage, which may be expected during August and September. Controlling depth from January to June was 2.5' feet; the head of navigation was at Marys- ville, 28.3 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-There has been no previous separate project for the improvement of the Feather River. Under the title of im- proving the "Sacremento and Feather Rivers" funds have been ap- propriated for many years, but in accordance with the viewas ex- pressed on pages 3171 et seq., part 4 of the Annual Report for 1899, "that no permanent improvement at reasonable or justifiable cost can be carried out * * * until the flow of sand and other mining detritus from the Yuba and Bear Rivers is stopped," work of improv- ing the Feather River has been held in abeyance. A little work of temporary improvement was done previous to 1899. SDifference of $1 from previous report, due to refundment of overpaymen tin that sum. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8Exclusive of available funds. 1806 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Existing project.-This provides for a depth at low-water stage of 2.5 feet, and such varying width as is practicable and needed, by the removal of snags, overhanging trees, and similar obstructions, the building of temporary wing dams and occasional dredging from its mouth at Vernon up to Marysville, 28.3 miles. Ordinary flood fluc- tuation is 20 feet, and extreme flood fluctuation is about 25 feet. The estimate of cost for new work prescribed by the act of 1910 is $20,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects, one-half to be furnished by local interests. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, without previous report. For latest published map see U. S. Geological Sur- vey map " Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif." Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. C'ondition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 30.8 per cent completed. The controlling depth from the mouth at Vernon up to Marysville was 2.5 feet from February 15 to May 15, 1918. The channel and banks are cleared of the worst obstructions, and any possible navigation thereby facilitated. The work remaining to be done is to continue the removal of obstructions and work on wing dams as needed and to take soundings with a view to doing dredging work if advisable. The total expenditures are $6,164.71 for new work, $4.81 being from United States fund and $6,159.90 from contributed funds. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, appropriated $10,000 for this river, subject to the condition precedent that local interests should contribute a like sum toward the improvement. This condition has been met, $5,000 of the amount coming from the State of California and $2,500 each from Sutter and Yuba Counties. Considerable work has been done by local inter- ests in construction of training walls, restraining barriers, and snag- ging, and in bank-protection work, and freight sheds and terminal facilities have been provided at Marysville. It is estimated that about $1,000,000 has been so expended. Terminal facilities.-There are two warehouses, one at Marysville and one at Starr Bend, and several small landings, all being privately owned. All other traffic is handled directly on the bank. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No definite results can be stated, except that the removal of snags from the channel and overhanging trees from banks has undoubtedly improved conditions of navigation. Proposed operations.-With the funds available the removal of obstructions from the channel and banks will be continued, and wing dam and dredging work will be undertaken as needed. The amount and location of this latter work is not known, but is to be deter- mined by soundings taken under low-water conditions. The demand for continuing this improvement no longer exists, and no work will be undertaken until necessity therefor arises, thus in- definitely postponing the. completion of the project. The available funds will be held in abeyance until such time as the need of work arises. ShouLld the demands of commerce require the resumption of work of improvement, there are sufficient funds available for one season's work and a balance will be left for commencing work another season, therefore no additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1921. RIVERS AND HARBORS-3D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1807 Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commercial statistics reported before the calendar year of 1916 were included in the report for the Sacra- mento River. Comparative statement. The tonnage during the past calendar year was small, as, due to low-water conditions, the seasonal period of navigation was unusually short. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work____________- $4. 81 Maintenance___ Total appropriations to date of this report_ 10, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending Jlune 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................... ........................... $4.81.......... Expended for maintenance......................................................... Appropriated or allotted....................................$10,000.00 ................. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_------------------------------- $9, 995. 19 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended- _ _______ _----------- 9, 995. 19 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ------------- $6, 159. 90 Maintenance ...- Total appropriations to date of this report_ 10, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 33. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............. ............. .... : ... $1,434.71 $4,725.19 ......... Expended for maintenance............... .......... :........ .. ...................... Appropriated or allotted............................ 10,000.00................... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ $3. 840. 10 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ 3, 840. 10 125851--ENG 1919- 114 1808 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR UNITED STATES AND CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1.919: ------------------------------------------- New work_______ $6, 164. 71 Maintenance ..... Total appropriations to date of this report__ --------------------- 20, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new ork..................... ........... ........ ...... $1,434.71 $4, 730.00......... Expended for maintenance............. ................. ...................... Appropriated or allotted ......................... ......... 20, 000.00.. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-_ _________________- _ -- $13, 835. 29 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ------------------------ __ 13, 835. 29 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,627.08: New work ------------------------------------ $379, 510.34 New work and naintenance------------------------------1,123, 342. 72 Maintenance---------------------------------------------950, 817. 36 Net total expended----------------------------------- 2, 453, 670. 42 Total appropriations to date of this report- --- 2, 815, 197.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. 1 $20,411. 02 $22,834.52 $4,879. 44 $6.801.96 $25,759.50 Expended for maintenance ............. 51,263.50 43,956.60 83,992.37 84,607.26 78,725.27 Total expended 1.......... ...... 71,674.52 66,791.12 88,871.81 91,409.22 104,484.77 Appropriated or allotted............... 60,000.00 ........... 136,500.00 31,000.00 262,500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-- _---------------------------203, 491. 35 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918----------- -------------- --------- 10, 500. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 __------_ 222, 000. 00 Amount allotted for emergencies, Oct. 16, 1918, act of Mar. 4, 1915 ------------------- --- -------------. 30,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-------------- -- 20. 00 466, 011. 35 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year ' For new wolk_______________-----------------------------__$25, 759. 50 For maintenance_-----_--------------------- 78, 725. 27 104, 484.77 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------------- 361,526.58 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities --------------------- 6, 272. 37 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $205,072.99 available only for maintenance ------------------ --------------------- 355,254. 21 Anfount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work and for maintenance_---------------- '76, 500. 00 1 o ddctn rcitsfomsleec.2Exlsieo aalal fns sExclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1809 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JULY 27, 1916, AND AUGUST 8, 1917. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of July 27, 1916, and August 8, 1917, as follows, and re- ports thereon will be duly submitted when received:' 1. San Joaquin River and Stockton Channel, Calif. 2. Sacramento River, Calif., from the city of Sacramento to the city of Colusa, with a view to providing a channel 6 feet in depth. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST DISTRICT, PORTLAND, OREG. The district embraces the territory included in the Snake River basin, Oreg., Wash., and Idaho; the Columbia River from the Snake to Vancouver, Wash.; the entire State of Oregon, except the Willa- mette River basin and the Columbia River from Vancouver to the sea. District engineer: Col. George A. Zinn, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. George A. Zinn, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Coquille River, Oreg. (Al)__ 1809 11. Columbia River and tribu- 2. Coos Bay, Oreg. (A2) -__- 1813 taries above Celilo Falls 3. Coos River, Oreg. (A3)- 1818 to the mouth of Snake 4. Siuslaw River, Oreg. (A4)- 1820 River, Oreg. and Wash. 5. Yaquina River, Oreg. (A5) 1824 (B3) ____ ___-_ 1846 6. Yaquina Bay and Harbor 12. Snake River, Oreg., Wash., (A6) --------------- _ 1827 and Idaho' (B4) _________ 1849 7. Tillamook Bay, Oreg. (A7)_ 1831 13. Operating and care of the 8. Nehalem Bay, Oreg. (AS)__ 1836 Cascades Canal__________ 1854 9. Cascades Canal, Columbia 14. Operating and care of The River, Oreg. (B1)-------- 1840 Dalles-Celilo Canal______ 1855 10. The Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg. and Wash. (B2)___ 1843 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR SEE PAGES 3409 TO 3432. COQUILLE, COO , SIUSLAW, AND YAQUINA RIVERS AND COOS, YAQUINA, TILLAMOOK, AND NEHALEM BAYS, OREG. (GROUP A). 1. COQUILLE RIVER, OREG. (Al). Location and description.-The Coquille River rises in the Coast Range, flows in a general westerly direction for about 100 miles, and empties into the Pacific Ocean at Bandon, Oreg., about 225 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River and 420 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of about 1,050 square miles. The low-water discharge is approximately 300 second-feet. From the mouth to the fork, 36 miles, the widths between banks vary from 800 feet near the mouth to 150 feet at the for'k. The tidal reach 1810 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. extends about 2 miles up the North and South Forks, or 38 miles from the entrance. Above the tidal reach the tributaries are narrow, swift- running mountain streams. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5802.) Original condition.-The channel mouth was shifting, studded with dangerous rocks, and available for small coasting vessels only, the depth on the bar being usually about 3 feet at mean lower low water. Inside the entrance the channel width varied from about 400 feet near the mouth to 50 feet at the fork, with a controlling low- water depth of 5 feet to Coquille, 25 miles above the mouth, and 1 foot to Myrtle Point, the head of navigation, 37 miles above the mouth. Logging was carried on extensively on the headwaters for distances of 30, 26, and 18 miles above Myrtle Point on the North, South, and Middle Forks, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and modified by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The expenditures thereon prior to the com- mencement of work in 1910 under the existing project amounted to $382,192.75, of which $302,841.68 was for jetty construction, $6,883.90 for snagging the river, and $31,000 for improvement of the channel from Coquille City to Myrtle Point, a total of $340,725.58 for new work and $41,467.17 was for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1986 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two rubblestone jetties at the mouth, the south jetty being 2,700 feet long and the north one 3,450 feet, for a channel 13 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide up to the Bandon Lighthouse; thence 12 feet deep to Bandon; thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide (140 feet at Bandon Shoal) to Riverton, 16 miles; and thence 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide to Coquille, 9 miles; for snagging from Bandon to North Fork, 36 miles; for the removal of rocks near the mouth and midchannel rock at Rocky Point; and for a rubblestone spur dike 150 feet long at the old south jetty. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the mouth of the river are 6 and about 10 feet, respectively. At the head of navigation, Myrtle Point (37 miles from the mouth), there is a tidal range of about 1 foot and maximum freshet stages of about 20 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $178,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $16,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the jetties (S. Ex. Doec. No. 14, 45th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1879, p. 1806); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the remaining features of the project above Bandon (H. Doc. No. 673, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the channel improvement from the ocean to Bandon (H. Doc. No. 207, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of the entrance is found in the last men- tioned document, and that of the river is in House Document No. 192, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The only work in progress during the year was the removal of the old jetty receiving RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1811 wharf; deepening the channel at Strangs Shoal (22 miles above Bandon), where the U. S. bucket dredge No. 2 removed 4,444 cubic yards of sand and restored the channel to its project dimensions; repairing bucket dredge No. and the dredge Oregon; making a survey of the entrance, including some borings to ascertain the depth to rock, and caring for Government plant. No work was done on the project for deepening the channel between the jetties, awaiting the action of the local interests who are to contribute one-half the cost of this improvement. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $5,454.82, of which $1,327 was for new work and $4,127.82 for maintenance under the existing project. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 60 per cent complete. The only remaining new work in connection with the existing project is the deepening of the channel between the entrance and Bandon, upon which no actual construction work has been done. A survey of the entrance made in June, 1919, shows a controlling depth of 13 feet, in a channel 400 feet wide, across the ocean bar (about 400 feet outside of the ends of the jetties). The controlling depth from the ocean bar to Bandon is 7 feet on a sand shoal between the jetties, about one-third mile inside of the outer ends of the jetties. No survey was made of the river, but it is reported that there is a con- trolling depth of about 6 feet in a channel 100 feet wide between Ban- don and Coquille, and about 2 feet in a channel 50 feet wide between Coquille and Myrtle Point. The total amount expended under the existing project was $129,715.82, of which $106,584.08 was for new work and $23,131.74 for maintenance from United States funds. In addition, $8,891.20 was expended for new work from contributed funds. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the project for deepening the channel between the entrance and Bandon on condition that the local interests contribute 50 per cent of the first cost of this project. This condition has not been fulfilled yet, but it is believed that it will be met in the near future. No condi- tions regarding the other features of the existing project have been imposed by law, but the ports of Bandon and Coquille River have, however, expended $43,842.20 for dredging the channels .to Coquille, $12,225.83 for dredging and snagging between Coquille and Myrtle Point, $500 for repairs, $8,891.20 for enrocking the pile jetty at Ban- don, and have just completed an extension to the pile jetty for which the cost has not yet been reported. Terminal facilities.-At Bandon, a town of 2,000, there are six wharves, with a total frontage of about 1,200 feet, all privately owned, but open to all on equal terms. There are no mechanical de- vices for handling freight. Between Bandon and Coquille (25 miles) there are several small privately owned wharves. At Coquille (a town of 1,500) the city owns 527 feet of water front and maintains 236 feet of municipal wharves, open to all on equal terms. There are also several privately owned wharves in this vicinity. The ;Southern Pacific Railroad has a branch which passes through Coquille, close to the shore ends of the wharves, but there is no physical connection betweerl the railroad and the river. There are no railroads below Coquille on the river. The existing terminals are adequate for the present' commerce. For a full description of terniinal fadilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. 1812 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Effect of improvement.-The effect on freight rates has been bene- ficial, and transportation by water has been rendered safer and bet- ter. Boats drawing 12 feet can now safely cross the bar at high tide and ascend the stream to Strang Shoal, 23 miles from the ocean. There has also been a considerable increase in commerce since the beginning of the improvement. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the available funds on the improvement of the entrance to the harbor provided the con- ditions imposed by Congress can be met, and in the maintenance of the project channels in the river as follows: Operation of United States bucket dredge No. 2, 5 months at $1,200 per month ----------------------------------------------- $6, 000 Operation of United States pipe line dredge Oregon, 6 months at $8,000 per month ----------------------------------------------- 48, 000 Purchase and hire of plant for subaqueous rock removal-----------22, 000 Operation of Government plant for 8 months at $3,000 per month, sub- aqueous rock removal__-----------------_ 24, 000 Hire of auxiliary plant for 8 months, at $3,000 per month------------24, 000 Superintendence and contingencies ----------------------------- 18. 600 Total _- --- ------------------------------------ 142, 600 This estimate covers operations for two years, and includes $64,000 to be contributed by local interests in accordance with the provisions of the approved project. The difference between the total available funds and the above estimate is expected to be required for additional work or for future maintenance. The available funds being sufficient to carry on the work for two years or longer, no estimate for addi- tional funds for the fiscal year 1921 is submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-A project is now pend- ing before Congress (see H. Doc. No. 70, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) for further improvement of the Coquille River from Coquille to the en- trance, contemplating the restoration of the'channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the mouth to Prosper, 5 miles, and thence the same depth and 110 feet wide to Coquille City, at an estimated cost of $18,000 for new work and $12,000 annually for maintenance. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The exports consist principally of lumber, railroad ties, and farm products; the imports of general merchandise, machinery, and agricultural implements. During the calendar year 1918 the commerce over the bar amounted to 76,277 tons, valued at $1,704,280, while that for the river proper amounted to 178,573 tons, valued at $2,872,148; making the total commerce for the section under improvement 254,850 tons, valued at $4,576,428. Nearly all com- merce passes over the section under improvement. The usual draft of boats carrying lumber over the bar, which forms about 90 per cent of the outbound ocean traffic, is about 12 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Passengers Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. 1914, bar... .. 2,539 123,197 $2,472,955 1917, bar and 1915......... . 22,841 144,916 3,329,770 ri er ....... 40,050 262, 793 63,461,916 1916 .......... 45,851 241, 252 3,304, 615 1918, barand river....... 59,364 254,850 4,576,428 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1813 The decrease in the commerce of 1918 is due to the ocean-borne commerce, which decreased about 30 per cent below that of 1917. The commerce of the river increased about 10 per cent over that of 1917, due to a general increase of river commerce. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,254.03: New work ---------------------------------------- 1 $447, 309. 66 Maintenance-----------------------------------------64, 598. 91 Net total expended______________________________-_ 1511, 908. 57 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 620, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 2............. $20,719.32 $44, 708. 04 $100. 00 $1, 000. 00 $1,327. 00 Expended for maintenance 2............... 567. 15 3,910. 00 2,015.58 1 4, 792.16 4,127.82 Total expended 2....... ............ 21,286.47 48,618.04 2,115.58 5,792.16 5,454.82 Appropriated or allotted................. 76,000. 00 .......... 6,000.00 ............. 64,000.00 2Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ____---------------------------$ 45, 513. 97 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 64, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-------- --__----- 4,032.28 113, 546. 25 June 30, 1919, amount expended.during fiscal year:2 For new work-------------------------------- $1, 327.00 For maintenance _-_________-_-- 4,127. 82 5, 454. 82 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ 108, 091. 43 _---------- July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_- - -- ___- -__ 3, 350. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $9,599.01 available only for maintenance------_---------------------------------- 104, 741. 43 2. COOS BAY, OREG. (A2). Location and description.-Coos Bay is an indentation in the Pa- cific coast, in Oregon, about 200 miles south of the mouth of Colum- bia River and 445 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is about 13 miles in length by 1 mile wide, with a tidal area of about 15 square miles, which includes about 1,000 acres of anchorage with a depth of not less than 18 feet at mean lower low water. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5802. Original condition.-The channel across the bar was about 200 feet wide with a depth of 10 feet. It followed the north spit in a tortuous course, but was used by small coasting vessels. The bay ship chan- nel to Marshfield, 13 miles from the bar, was obstructed by shoals, had a minimum width of about 200 feet to North Bend and a con- trolling depth of about 11 feet. Above North Bend the channel nar- Ih addition to this amount $8,891.20 was contributed by local interests and expended on the improvement. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1814 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. rowed gradually toward Marshfield, where it was only about 50 feet wide, with a depth of 6 feet. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1879, September 19, 1890, and August 18, 1894. The amount expended thereunder, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910, was $980,897.27, of which $802,096.44 was for new work and $178,800.83 for maintenance. For further details of previ- ous projects, see page 1987 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two rubblestone jetties at the ocean entrance, the north jetty to be 9,600 feet long and the south mid- tide jetty to be 4,200 feet long; for such additional depth on the ocean bar as can be obtained and maintained by the construction and operation of a seagoing hydraulic dredge without further jetty con- struction; and for a channel between the bar and Smiths Mill, 13 miles, 22 feet deep, 300 feet wide in front of Marshfield, North Bend, and through the rocky reef near Pigeon Point, and generally 200 feet elsewhere. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance are 6.4 feet and about 11 feet, respectively, and at Marshfield 6 and 10 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $630,000, ex- clusive of the amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $90,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of March 3, 1879, and September 19, 1890, provided for the jetties (Annual Reports for 1879, p. 1791; and 1890, p. 2936) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the seagoing hydraulic dredge (H. Doc. No. 958, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the channel to Smiths Mill (H. Doc. No. 325, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 325, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The dredge Col. P. S. Michie continued operations on the ocean-bar channel until October 23, 1918, when work was suspended on account of unfavorable weather. During that period the dredge worked parts of 55 days and removed 420,420 cubic yards of sand from the bar channel. The Michie also worked on parts of 7 days in November, 1918, on the bay channel at Marshfield, and removed 9,328 cubic yards of sand and mud from the channel in front of Marshfield. The dredge was trans- ferred to Portland in November, 1918, for a general overhauling by the boat's crew, and returned to Coos Bay in April, 1919. From April to the end of the year the Michie worked in the bar channel on 41 days and removed 343,278 cubic yards, making a total of 96 days' dredging and 763,698 cubic yards of sand removed from the ocean- bar channel during the year. The Michie also worked on parts of 23 days in the bay channels, and removed 45,084 cubic yards, making a total of 54,412 cubic yards of sand and mud from the bay channels during the year. The expenditure for all work in connection with operations of dredge Col. P. S. Michie, including surveys, etc., was $98,885.57. The U. S. pipe line dredge Oregon was transferred to Coos Bay in June, 1919, and at the close of the year was undergoing repairs pre- paratory to beginning work under the project for the 22-foot chan- RIVERS AND HARBORS FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1815 nel on the bay. The expenditure for transfer of dredge, and other work in connection with repairs, survey of bay channel, etc., was $5,844.31. Preliminary work in connection with a wharf and oiling station for the United States dredges at Empire, Oreg., began in June, 1919, but no actual construction work was done. The total expenditure for the fiscal year was $104,729.88, of which $4,077.70 was for new work, and $100,652.18 for maintenance. Condition,at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 80 per cent complete. The new work in the bar channel is practically completed, but no work, except preliminary operations, has been done on the project for a 22-foot channel from the entrance to Smiths Mill (the head of the bay). At the close of the dredging season, October 23, 1918, there was a controlling depth on the ocean bar (about 2,000 feet to seaward of the end of the jetty) of 26 feet in a channel 200 feet wide. A survey made on May 1, 1919 (after the Michie had dredged 10 days), shows that the winter storms had shoaled the ocean-bar channel to 18 feet. The Michie had restored this channel to 23 feet in a channel 300 feet wide by the end of the fiscal year. The controlling depth on the shoal off Coos Head (about 1 mile inside the ocean bar) was 24 feet. It is believed that a depth of 30 feet in a channel 400 feet wide across the ocean bar can be maintained 'by continuous dredging. A survey of the bay channel made in May, 1919, shows that the bay channels have shoaled where they were dredged to 25 feet by the Port of Coos Bay, and that the controlling depth between the en- trance and Marshfield is 18 feet on the rocky reef off Fossil Point; from rocky reef to Marshfield, 20 feet in a channel 200 feet wide; and from the lower end of Marshfield to Smiths Mill, 17 feet on a shoal just below Coal Bank Slough. The total expenditures under the existing project were $852,767.54, of which $519,439.53 was for new work and $333,328.01 for main- tenance from United States funds. In addition, $11,100 was ex- pended for maintenance from funds contributed by local interests. Local cooperation.--No conditions have been imposed by law, but the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, directed the Secretary of War to use any additional money that may be placed at his disposal by the port of Coos Bay or by any other organization or by indi- viduals for the improvement of the inner harbor. With the excep- tion of $11,100 contributed to operate the dredges Michie and Oregon in 1914 when no Government funds were available, no funds have been placed at his disposal. The port of Coos Bay, however, raised $600,000 by the sale of bonds for the purpose of dredging a channel 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean lower low tide, from a point above Marshfield to deep water in the lower bay, a distance of 13 miles, with turning basins 500 feet wide opposite Marshfield and North Bend. This work was finished in April, 1915, and, in addition, certain contiguous sloughs have been deepened by dredging. Since the beginning of the improvement to the end of the fiscal year 1918 local interests, consisting of the port of Coos Bay, the town of Marshfield, and others, have expended approximately $593,682.14 on the improvement of channels within the bay. Terminal facilities.-At North Bend, 8 miles from the entrance, there is a municipal wharf with 1,000 feet of frontage open to all, 1816 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. with no dockage or wharfage charges. In addition to the above- mentioned wharf there are about 1,400 feet of privately owned mill wharves for the sole use of their owners. The above wharves are without mechanical appliances and do not have railway connections. Between North Bend and Marshfield there is a small public wharf with a frontage of 200 feet, on shallow water, and a private wharf in very poor condition, with a frontage of 300 feet on a depth of about 12 feet. At Marshfield, 12 miles from the entrance, there is a broken line of wharves about 4,500 feet in length, of which 50 feet is a public dock open to all, the remainder being privately owned. These wharves have no railway connection. About one-half mile above them the Southern Pacific maintains a wharf which has 510 feet of frontage and railway connections. At East Marshfield, a small settlement across the bay, there is a public wharf with 100 feet frontage, and a privately owned wharf with 60 feet frontage. Both of these wharves are free and open to all. About 1 mile above Marshfield there is a private wharf about 1,000 feet in length, which is equipped with modern electrically operated machinery for loading lumber on vessels, and which is not open to general public use. It is believed that the existing terminals are adequate for the needs of the present commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-No effect on freight rates has been re- ported, but the improvement has rendered transportation by water safer and less costly and has greatly increased the water-borne com- merce of the port by permitting vessels of greater draft to enter the harbor. The limit of draft of vessels was 10 feet before improvement, and vessels drawing 20 feet now safely enter the harbor. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the available funds in the maintenance of the bar channel and in the improvement and maintenance of the inside channels as follows: Operation of the U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Col. P. S. Michie, 6 months, at $9,000 per month- -- - $54, 000. 00 Care of Michie, 6 months, at $2,500 per month -_-- 15,000. 00 Repairs to Michie-- ----------------------------- 12, 000.00 Operation of U. S. pipe line dredge Oregon, 7 months, at $8,000 per month_--_ --- ----------------------------------- 56, 000. 00 Repairs to Oregon__------------------- 8,000. 00 Construction of wharf and water supply at Government moorings, Empire, Oreg ------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Purchase of plant for subaqueous rock removal------------------ 20, 000. 00 Operation of plant for subaqueous rock removal, 6 months, at $5,000------------------------------------------------ 30, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies, etce - _-__ ___ _______ 16, 501. 95 216, 501. 95 Of the above amount, it is proposed to apply $130,000 to improve- ment and the balance to maintenance of the existing project, all work to be done by hired labor. The available funds will be ex- hausted about June 30, 1920. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1817 For the fiscal year 1921 the following estimate is submitted: Operation of U; S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie, 7 months, at $9,000 per __ month ---------------- $63, 000 Care of Michie, 5 months, at $2,500 per month----------------------12, 500 Repairs to Michie ________________________________ 15, 000 Oil tanks, etc., at Government moorings, Empire, Oreg--------------- 20, 000 Superintendence and contingencies-------------------- ---- 14, 500 125, 000 All work to be done by hired labor. All for maintenance of the bar channel. Recommended modification of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal exports are lumber products, coal, fish, and dairy products, while the imports consist of agri- cultural implements, mill machinery, and miscellaneous merchandise. The total commerce during the calendar year 1918 amounted to 323,369 short tons, valued at $5,889,783. Comparative Statement. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. 1914..........21,994 520,409 $10,508,766 1917....... 5,641 446, 062 $7,121,686 1915.......... 13,038 448,447 7,507,564 1918... 655 323,369 5,889,783 1916.......... . 4,115 466,100 6,201,013 The decrease in commerce since 1914 is due to the completion of the construction of the railroad from Portland, Oreg., to Coos Bay. The decrease in the commerce of 1918 was due to the scarcity of lumber carriers for ocean commerce. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $32,172.72: New work-------------------------------------------- $1, 321, 535. 97 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 512, 128. 84 Net total expended ----------------------------------- 1,833, 664. 81 Total appropriations to date of this report - ------- 2, 076, 166. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . .. Expended for new work 2 ..... $20,000.00 $35,000.00........................ $4,077.70 Expended for maintenance 2.............. 45,809.86 43, 519. 91 $70,491.20 $70, 506.33 100,652.18 Total expended ................. 65809.86 78, 519.91 70,491.20 70,506.33 104,729.88 Appropriated or allotted ................... 70,000.00 ............ 70,000.00 80,000.00 285,000.00 1In addition to this amount $1'1,100 was contributed by local interests and expended on this work. sNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1818 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended - -- ------- $62, 215. 61 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_------------------ 40, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar: 2, 1919-------------- ---------------------------------- 245, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919----------------- 16. 22 347, 231. 83 1 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work----------------------------- $4, 077. 70 For maintenance --------------------------- 100, 652. 18 104, 729. 88 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--------------------------- 242, 501.95 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ------------ 26, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $17,173.74 available only for maintenance----___ ---------------- 216, 501, 95 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending _ June 30, 1921, for maintenance -------------------------- 125, 000. 00 3. COOS RIVER, OREG. (A3). Location and description.-The Coos River rises in the Coast Range in southern Oregon, flows about 60 miles in a general westerly direction, and empties into Coos Bay nearly opposite Marshfield, Oreg. It has a drainage area of about 420 square miles. The low- water discharge is approximately 200 second-feet. The high-water discharge is not known. From the mouth to the fork, 52 miles, the river is from 400 to 700 feet between banks. The tidal reach extends up the north and south forks about 9 miles, or 14 miles from the mouth. Both forks are from 100 to 200 feet in width between banks. Above the tidal reach the forks are swift mountain streams, ob- structed by snags and bowlders. See U. S. Geological Survey Coos Bay quadrangle. Original condition.-The mouth was obstructed by a mud bar, on which the controlling depth was about 4 feet at mean lower low water, and the river from the mouth to the fork had a controlling depth, at low tide, of 6 feet. This stretch was obstructed by but few snags. The north and south forks were navigable at high water for light-draft boats to the head of tide, 82 and 9 miles, respectively, with a ruling depth at low tide of 3 feet, for about 7 miles. Along the upper 2 miles the ruling depth at low tide was about 1 foot, with many snags and rocks. The total navigable length was 23 miles. Logging was carried on along the upper reaches. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags and bowlders from a channel 50 feet wide from the mouth of the river to the head of navigation on both forks, by Government plant to be borrowed from Coos Bay at such times as it can be spared. The section under improvement includes the mouth and 52 miles of the main river and about 8 miles of each fork. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges under ordinary conditions at the mouth of the river are 6 and 10 feet, respectively, and there is a range of z Exclusive of availabsle funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1819 about 1 foot at the head of navigation in the forks. Freshets usually reach a height of from 10 to 15 feet. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1898 is $8,000. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance, is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 237, 53d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in this document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No active operations were in progress during the year, as the channels had been restored to project dimensions in May, 1918, and no serious shoaling had taken place. Arrangements were completed late in June, 1919, for the hire of a dredge for dredging and snagging the channels. The total amount expended during the fiscal year was $25.80, all for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1899. The controlling depth with a zero gage is 4 feet in a channel 50 feet wide from the mouth to the head of navigation on both forks, a total distance of about 23 miles. During August and September the river is at its lowest stage. The total expenditure was $28,876.65, of which $8,000 was for new work and $20,876.65 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are several small wharves and numer- ous small landing places on the river where small steamers and launches land. There are no railroads near the river. The exist- ing terminal facilities are believed to be sufficient for the present needs of navigation. For a full description see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-There is no railroad serving the locality. The river furnishes the only means of transportation for the farmers to reach the markets, to whom the improvement has been of great benefit, enabling them to materially increase shipments of products. Navigation has been made much easier and safer. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the available funds in the maintenance of the existing channels as follows: --------- $4, 200. 00 Operation of hired dredge, 3J months, at $1,200 per month_ Superintendence and contingencies______-_________ 849. 15 5, 049. 15 As the existing project is completed, all of the above expenditures will be applied to maintenance. The available funds will be ex- hausted June 30, 1920. For the fiscal year 1921 the following estimate for maintenance of channels is submitted: Operation of hired dredge, 2 months, at $1,200 per month_------------__ $2, 400 Superintendence and contingencies_______________--_______-- 600 3, 000 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articlesnot previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The exports consist principally of logs, lumber, and dairy products, while the imports are agricultural im- plements, mill machinery and supplies, and general merchandise. The total commerce during the calendar year 1918 amounted to 23,414 short tons, valued at $1,864,504. The draft of the deepest boats on the river does not exceed 4 feet. 1820 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Comparative statement. Calendaryear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers 1914......... 103, 084.0 $2,280, 600 32,332 1917.......... 97, 047.0 $2,980,138 30, 657 1915.......... 9, 121.5 2,485, o73 32,491 1918.......... 23, 414.0 1,864, 504 20, 946 1916......... 117,041.0 2,092,965 35,166 The decrease in the commerce since 1916 is due to the decreased amount of logging on the stream on account of the partial suspension of sawmill operations on Coos Bay due to the scarcity of ocean car- riers. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ------------------------------------------ $8, 000. 00 Maintenance_ ----------------------------------------- 20, 876. 65 Net total expended -- -_____________- __________ 28, 876. 65 Total appropriations to date of this report- 34, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work..... Expended for maintenance ............... $0.21 $3, 435.35 ............ $3,900.85 $25.80 Appropriated or allotted ................ 3,0. 00 ............ 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended____ _____--------_ $2, 149. 15 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 3, 000. 00 5, 149. 15 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 25. 80 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ _____________--------- 5, 123. 35 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ______-- ------------ -- 74. 20 July 1, 1919, balance available_ --------------------------- ---- 5, 049. 15 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance__________-_________-----_ '3, 000. 00 4. SIUSLAW RIVER, OREG. (A4). Location and description.-The Siuslaw River rises in the Coast Range, flows about 110 miles in a westerly direction, and empties into the Pacific Ocean through a low, shifting sand beach about 160 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River and 485 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of about 780 square miles, and a low-water discharge of approximately 400 second-feet. The maximum discharge is not known. The tidal reach extends to Mapleton, 19 miles from the mouth. The width is from 800 to 1,000 feet from the mouth to the north fork, a distance of 6 miles and 200 to 500 feet from the north fork to Mapleton. Above the tidal reach the river is a rapid mountain stream obstructed by reefs and bowlders. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5802. Originalcondition.-The bar channel frequently changed its posi- tion up and down the coast as much as 1 mile, and the depth on the 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1821 bar varied from 5 to 12 feet at mean lower low tide, and vessels draw- ing over 9 feet could not cross the bar except at unusually high tide. The river channel was from 100 to 1,000 feet wide and from 3 to 9 feet deep at low water from the mouth to Mapleton, 19 miles from the ocean. Logging was carried on along the upper reaches during favorable stages. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, and modified in 1891. The amount expended thereunder, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910, was $162,312.10, of which $151,700.83 was for new work and $10,611.27 for maintenance. For further details of pre- vious project see page 1988 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a bar channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low tide, and two mean high-tide rubblestone jetties, 750 feet apart at their extremities, the north jetty to extend westerly along the edge of the north spit for a distance of 3,700 feet, and the south jetty to extend westerly across the south spit for a distance of about 4,200 feet. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the mouth of the river, under ordinary conditions, are 6.4 feet and about 10 feet, respectively. Floods rise to 20 feet above low water. The tidal influence extends about 19 miles up the river to the foot of Mapleton Rapids. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $651,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the original work on the jetties (Annual Report for 1891, p. 3174); and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for their extension (H. Doc. No. 648, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 173, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was in prog- ress during the year, as all work in connection with the project was finished in 1917. The expenditures for the year were for transfer and care of Government plant, surveys, etc., amounting to $326.11, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1917. The outer ends of the enrockment of both jetties has subsided to low-tide level for a distance of about 200 feet. The controlling depth on the ocean bar (about 1,000 feet to seaward from the ends of the jetties) was about 14 feet in a channel 500 feet wide. The controlling depth between the jetties is 12 feet in a chan- nel 200 feet wide, close to the north jetty. The conditions are about the same as they were at the end of the last fiscal year. The con- trolling depth in the bar is 7 feet greater than existed prior to the construction of the jetties. The total expenditures under the exist- ing project were $348,908.27, of which $321,946.59 was for new work and $26,961.68 for maintenance from United States funds. In addi- tion, $322,531.59 was expended for new work from funds contributed by local interests, including $100,000 credited for useful work. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopted the project on condition that half of the cost should be borne by local interests. This act was amended by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, which provided that the port might 1822 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. proceed with the construction of the south jetty to the full extent of the contract entered into by it December 24, 1909, the amount of one-half required to be furnished by the port or other agency to be reduced by such amount, not exceeding $100,000, as may have been properly expended under the contract. Under these conditions the port built 2,940 feet of tramway and placed 65,500 tons of rock in the jetty, at a cost of $89,509.11. Operations were suspended June 18, 1911, on account of the exhaustion of funds. The port of Siuslaw furnished a bond to insure its contribution toward the cost of the work in August, 1911, and the work was taken over by the Govern- ment. The total contribution by the port of Siuslaw under their bond was $215,500 (including the $100,000 credited for useful work performed) for original work on the jetties. In 1914 it was esti- mated that $225,000 additional would be required to complete the project, making the total estimated cost of new work $651,000. From the funds appropriated by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, an allotment of $112,500 was made on April 2, 1915, for the completion of the project, with the provision that the port contribute an equal amount. The port of Siuslaw furnished a bond for this sum, and the allotment of $112,500 became available June 7, 1915. On July 23, 1908, the port of Siuslaw was granted permission to improve the mouth of the river by the construction of as much of the south jetty as could be done by the expenditure of $100,000 in conformity with plans and report of Capt. W. C. Langfitt, Corps of Engineers, dated February 5, 1903. The work performed under this permission was the construction of the 2,940 feet of tramway and the depositing of 65,500 tons of rock in the jetty, at a cost of $89,509.11, which was accepted by the United States as useful work. Terminal facilities.-Florence,a town of 400, about 4 miles from the entrance, has about 1,000 feet of wharf frontage, of which about 60 feet is a public wharf and the remainder is privately owned. Of the privately owned, about 500 feet is open to all. At Glendale, across the river from Florence, there is one wharf publicly owned. It has a frontage of 60 feet, and is free to all. Acme, a small town about 7 miles from the entrance, has 700 feet of wharf frontage, of which 70 feet is open to all, free of charge. The Southern Pacific Railroad crosses the river just above Acme and has a spur to the wharf below the bridge. This is the only connec- tion between the rail and water on the river. There is no railroad on the river below Acme. Mapleton, at the head of navigation 20 miles above the entrance, has two small wharves, one of which is open to all. It is believed that the existing terminal facilities are sufficient for the present commerce. For a full description see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has rendered transportation by water safer and less costly by permitting vessels of greater draft to enter the river. On account of the depressed lumber market and scarcity of vessels, there has been no apparent effect on freight rates. Proposed operations.-The project was completed in 1917. The available funds are sufficient for the care and disposition of the Government plant, surveys, etc., and no estimate for appropriation of additional funds is therefore submitted. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1823 Recommended modifications of project.-A project is now pending before Congress (see H. Doc. No. 173, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) for a channel between the entrance and Acme 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide through the lower shoal and 150 feet wide through the two upper shoals at an estimated cost of $35,300 for new work and $14,000 annually for maintenance. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The exports consist principally of lumber and farm and dairy products, while the imports are agricultural implements, mill machinery, supplies, and general merchandise. No ocean commerce was reported for the year 1918. Comparative statement. Calendar Passengers. Shorttons. Value. Passengers. Short tons. Value. year. year; 1914..................... . 37,209 $1,255,627 1917..................... 344 $18,931 1915.......... 47 6,757 442, 060 1918........ (1) () (1) 1916.......... 5 4,605 478,068 1 No record. The decrease in commerce since 1914 is due to the construction of the railroad from Portland to Coos Bay and to the suspension of sawmill operations on the river because of the scarcity of lumber carriers for ocean commerce. There are extensive forests of fir, hemlock, and spruce tributary to the port, with sawmills having a daily capacity of 150,000 feet b. m. of lumber. Salmon canning and dairying are next in importance after lumbering. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from - sales, etc., amounting to $3,019.10: New work - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $473, 647. 42 Maintenance ---------------------------------- 37, 572. 95 Net total expended 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 511, 220. 37 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 515,162. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1..1. . . .... . ... .. . $45, 957. 23 $27, 038.98 $70,596.50 $7, 760. 27 ......... Expended for maintenance . 5, 000.00 5,000.00 10, 000. 00 1,739.57 $326. 11 Totalexpended 1 .................. 50, 957.23 32,038.98 80, 596.50 9, 499.84 326.11 Appropriated or allotted............... 117, 500.00 ............. 5,000.00 .. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $8, 682. 74 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------------- 585. 00 9, 267. 74 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Yaquina River, Oreg----- ------------------------------------------ 5,000. 00 4, 267. 74 1In addition there was expended $322,531.59 from funds contributed by local interests, including credit and for useful work performed. 125851-ENG 1919- 115 1824 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for maintenance_ $326.11 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--------------------------- " 3, 941. 63 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------------------------------- 400. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance- ----- ____ 3, 541. 63 5. YAQUINA RIVER, OREG. (A5). Location and description.-The Yaquina River rises in the Coast Range, flows about 50 miles in a westerly direction, and empties into Yaquina Bay, a harbor on the Oregon coast about 115 miles south of the mouth of Columbia River and 530 miles north of San Fran- cisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of 270 square miles and a low-water discharge of about 100 second-feet, which usually occurs in August. The maximum discharge is not known and usually occurs during the winter months, with freshets about 15 feet above low water. The width between banks is 2,000 feet at the mouth to 160 feet at Elk City, 18 miles above the mouth. The tidal reach extends 5 miles above Elk City, above which point the river is but. a small mountain stream. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5802. Original condition.-The depth on the shoals below Elk City did not exceed 2 feet at lower low tide in a channel with a minimum width of 50 feet, and vessels drawing more than 6 feet could not safely navigate up to that town. The head of navigation was about 4 miles above Elk City, or 22 miles from the mouth. There was no logging or rafting on the stream above Elk City. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-- This provides for two controlling half.-tide dikes of piling, brush, and stone, each about 1,100 feet long, con- structed by local interests, and a channel 10 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 feet wide in straight reaches and 200 feet wide on curves.from Oysterville, 21 miles above the mouth of the river, to Toledo on Depot Slough, about 6 miles above Oysterville. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference i: heextreme tidal ranges under ordinary conditions at the mouth -f:theriver are 8.1 feet and about 11.5 feet, respectively, and about f~tand et 8 feet, respectively, at Elk City, 18 miles above the mouth. The. estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $72,000. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 519, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The channel between Oysterville and Toledo (6 miles) was restored to its project dimen- sions by the U. S. dredge Oregon, operated by hired labor. A total of 189,195 cubic yards of sand and silt was removed from the chan- nel. The total expenditure for the fiscal year was $12,858.44 for maintenance, of which $3,000 was contributed by local interests. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted December 31, 1914. The channel was restored to project di- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND I ARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1825 mensions in April, 1919. The controlling depth between the mouth and Toledo, 81 miles, is 10 feet in a channel about 150 feet wide. Above Toledo, to the head of navigation, 22 miles above the mouth, the controlling depth is about 2 feet in a channel about 100 feet wide. The total expenditures were $41,415.31, of which $28,800 was for new work and $12,615.31 for maintenance from United States funds. In addition, $43,200 was expended for new work and $3,000 for main- tenance from contributed funds. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, required local interests to contribute 60 per cent of the first cost of this project either in cash or useful work performed prior to actual construction work by the United States, and that the floating plant belonging to the port of Toledo remain available for use by the United; States on work of construction and maintenance without cost to the United States other than for upkeep while in use. This condition has not been fulfilled, as the local interests disposed of their floating plant, which consisted of a rather small bucket dredge, in poor condition. This plant was, however, found to be too small for effective work in constructing the project channel, and the U. S. dredge Oregon was used for the main construction work and the port's dredge was used for the rock excavation. Previous to the adoption of the project the citizens organized themselves into a port district under the State law, and in 1911 realized $50,000 by the sale of bonds. With'these funds the improvement of the river from the bar to Toledo was commenced under permit from the Secretary of War dated August 6, 1910. The port constructed two dikes, built a bucket dredge, and excavated a narrow channel 9 feet deep at low tide from a point in Depot- Slough to a point just below Altree's mill, a distance of 3,300 feet, at a total cost of $37,430.57. This work, which was accepted, was in accord with the project, and with $5,769.43 turned over to the United States, constituted the 60 per cent required by the act of 1913. In addition to the foregoing the port of Toledo contributed $3,000 toward the maintenance of the channel. Terminal facilities.- Yaquina, at the mouth of the river, has one wharf. This wharf is owned by the Corvallis & Eastern Railroad and has a frontage of 350 feet. The railroad terminates at this wharf and transfer between rail and water is made at this point. Except for a special arrangement made with a small steamer operat- ing in connection with the railroad, this wharf is open to all on equal terms. The port of Toledo maintains a public wharf, fronting 255 feet on Depot Slough, and the town of Toledo a public wharf with 100 feet frontage. There are no wharves on the river above Toledo and no physical connection between the railroad and the river above Yaquina. The existing terminals are believed to be sufficient for the present needs of commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has resulted in. increased water-borne commerce and in Toledo being granted com- mon-point rates by the railroad, as ocean-going vessels drawing as much as 14 feet can now ascend to Toledo, 91 miles from the mouth. Proposed opeirations.-None. The project was completed in 1914, and the channel was restored to its project dimensions in April, 1919, and no maintenance work is proposed for the fiscal year, 1920. 1826 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. For the fiscal year, 1921, an estimate of $3,000 is submitted, for maintenance of the project channel by dredging. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal exports are lumber, farm and dairy products, live stock, and salmon. The imports consist of agricultural, implements, mill machinery, and miscellaneous mer- chandise. The total commerce for the calendar year 1918 amounted to 50,017 short tons, valued at $1,345,157. The maximum draft of sea- going vessels which carry lumber is about 14 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar. year. ssengers Short Passengers. Short tons tons. Value. Value. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tos. Value. year.. l18,241 1914......................... $548,6001917......... . 900 1,150 $33,000 1915.......... 1,944 8,452 88, 256 1918......... 48, 792 50,017 1, 345, 15 7 1916......... 700 7,902- 547,423 The increase in commerce for 1918 is due to the operations of the Spruce Production Corporation and consists mostly of logs and saw- mill products. The increase in passenger traffic for the year is due to the activities of the Spruce Production Corporation and includes transportation and ferriage of employees on the river. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $49.27: New work-----------------------------------------------$28, 800. 00 Maintenance ------- __--______- 12, 615. 31- Net total expended------------ ------------------- 41, 415. 31 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 42, 800. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $2,771.00 $27.94 .. Expended for maintenance 1.. ..... ............. 2,740.04 ...... .... $16.83 $9,858.44 Total expended 1................ . 2,771.00 2,767.98 ............ 16.83 9,868.44 Appropriated or allotted................ 3..000.00... ........ .... 3, 00.00 8, 00. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. _ July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_-- __-_____------____ $3, 243. 13 Amount transferred from Siuslaw River_--__-. 5, 000. 00 -__-__-______- Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_. 3, 000. 00 11, 243.13 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 9, 858. 44 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ _____ __-----------__ -- 1, 384. 69 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ---------------------------- 1, 300. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available ____-__-__ _____---________._ --- 84. 69 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_--_ -- -------- _ '3, 000. 00 i Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HIIARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1827 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work -------------------------------------------- $43, 200 Maintenance ------------------------------- - 3, 000 Net total expended__--- 46, 200 Total appropriations to date of this report_ -- ---------- ______46, 200 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended fornew work............... .. ........... .................. .. .... . .... ... ........ Expended for maintenance............... ..-- ............... ...-... ... .......... $3,000 Appropriated or allotted ................. ............ . ....... ........ . .......... 3,000 Amount contributed by port of Newport-------- -- --------------- $3, 000 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance-... 3, 000 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR UNITED STATES AND CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $49.27: New work------ ---------------------------------- $72,000.00 Maintenance__ ----------------------------------------- 15, 615. 31 Net total expended ---------------------------------- __ 87, 615.31 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 89, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1................ $2,771.00 $27.94.. ..... Expended for maintenance 1.. .. -.. ... 2, 740.04........ 16. 83 $12, 858. 44 Total expended 1.. 2,771.00 .................. 2,767.98 ............ 16.83 12,858.44 Appropriated or allotted.............. 3,000.00 ........... ........... 3,000.00 11,000.00 1 Not dediucting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $3, 243. 13 Amount transferred from Siuslaw River __--------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919___ 3, 000. 00 Amount contributed by port of Newport----- __-- __ 3,000. 00 14, 243. 13 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 12, 858. 44 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------------------- 1, 384. 69 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_______-- _- - ______-_ - 1,300. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available ___________-----_______-__-84. 69 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenanc------ ---------------------------- 13, 000. 00 6. YAQUINA BAY AND HARBOR, OREG. (A6). Location and description.-YaquinaBay is an indentation in the Pacific coast about 115 miles south of the Columbia River and 530 Exclusive of available funds. 1828 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is about 3 miles long and somewhat over a mile in width at its widest place, and has a tidal area of about 5 square miles. About 4 miles from the ocean bar it is entered by the Yaquina River, its principal tributary, a small stream navigable for about 18 miles above the bay. The tidal influence ex- tends up the Yaquina River about 23 miles. The bay has a mean discharge of about 40,000 second-feet, mostly tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6000.) Original condition.-The prevailing depth over the bar at the entrance varied from 7 to 8 feet at low tide and three distinct chan- nels existed. Owing to the shifting nature of the bar these chan- nels were constantly changing, both in position and depth, and could be used only by small coasting vessels. The channels were always narrow, uncertain, and usually covered with breakers. The head of navigation was about 4 miles above Elk City, 26 miles from the bar. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, provided for the improvement of the entrance, but no formal project was adopted by Congress prior to 1896. The original project con- templated a south jetty only, but, as modified in 1892, the project provided for two high-tide jetties at the entrance, their sea ends to be 1,000 feet apart, the south jetty to have a length of 3,600 feet and the north jetty 2,300 feet. The modified project was completed in 1895. The act of June 3, 1896, adopted a project for the extension of the jetties, but no work was done. The river and harbor act of June 6, 1900, provided for the removal of. a cluster of rocks in the entrance, which work was completed in 1903. The act of March 3, 1905, repealed the previous acts relating to Yaquina Bay, but pro- vided for two years' maintenance. On July 1, 1907, the unexpended balances of appropriations, $1,661.04, reverted to the Treasury. The total expenditure prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1919 was $713,338.96, of which $707,313.45 was for new work and $6,025.51 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see the Annual Report for 1893, part 4, page 3314, and House Documents Nos. 68, Fifty-fourth Congress, first session; 110, Fifty-sixth Con- gress, first session; and 109, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Existing project.-This provides for two high-tide rubblestone jetties at the entrance, 1,000 feet apart at the end of the north jetty. The north jetty to be 3,700 feet in length and the south jetty 7,500 feet in length, and project seaward about 800 feet beyond the end of the north jetty; a spur jetty based on the channel side of the south jetty 2,500 feet from its sea end, 800 feet in length, to deepen the channel across the inner bar between the jetties; the removal of sub- aqueous rock from the outer bar reef, to secure a depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water in the entrance; and for a channel 200 feet wide and 18 feet deep from the entrance to the railroad terminus at Yaquina, a distance of about 4 miles. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance are 8 feet and about 11.5 feet respectively, and about 5 and 8 feet respectively at Elk City, 18 miles above the mouth of the Yaquina River. The tidal influence extends about 5 miles above Elk City. The estimate for the cost of new work, made in 1917, is $836,000, exclusive of the amounts expended on previous projects. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1829 The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is .$5,000 every two years to maintain 18 feet in the bay channel. No provision was made for the maintenance of the jetties. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the improvement of the entrance; no project was adopted (see Annual Report for 1881, p. 2589); the act of June 6, 1900, provided for rock removal at entrance (H. Doc. No. 110, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1905 repealed the previous acts relating to the improvement of the entrance, but provided for two years' maintenance; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the restoration and extension of the jetties con- structed under previous projects, rock removal in the entrance, and dredging in the bay up to the railroad terminus at Yaquina (H. Doc. No. 109, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The last published map is in the last- mentioned document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No active operations were carried on by the Government during the year. Under permit from the Secretary of War, approved August 11, 1917, the ports of Toledo and Newport have completed the receiving wharf, tramway approach from wharf to shore end of south jetty, 8,160 feet of tram- way, and deposited 39,942 tons of stone in the south jetty enrock- ment. The ports have also excavated the 18-foot bay channel at a cost of $6,141.08. All of the foregoing work was done by the ports in accordance with the existing project. The amount expended by the ports on the foregoing work for the year was $133,976.39. No expenditures by the United States were made, as funds appropriated are not available until local interests guarantee one-half the cost of the project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Since completion in 1895, both the north and south jetties constructed under previous projects have been considerably beaten down by the winter storms. Both jetties are exposed to within 200 or 300 feet of their outer ends at extreme low water, the low water shore line having moved seaward, nearly to the outer ends of the jetties. It is estimated that at high tide the inner one-quarter of the north jetty enrockment and at least the in- ner half of the south jetty enrockment are above ordinary high water. The receiving wharves, tramways, and all plant forming a part of the previous projects have been destroyed or removed. The result of the jetty construction under previous projects is a net gain of 5 or 6 feet of controlling depth in a more permanent channel across the bar.- No work has been done by the United States under the project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, but the local interests, represented by the ports of Newport and Toledo, have com- pleted about 15 per cent of that part of the entire project adopted by that act, by the construction of a portion of the extension of the south jetty and the dredging of the 18-foot channel in the harbor, so that it may be said that about 50 per cent of the entire project is completed. No work was done on the spur jetty based on the south jetty. No survey of entrance has been made for several years, but a controlling depth of 14 feet at mean lower low water is reported.: The channel width between the jetties is to be 1,000 feet with a depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water, by the removal of the high points on submerged reefs, but no subaqueous rock excavation 1830 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. under the existing project has yet been done. The local interests dredged a channel through the shoal above Newport, so that the controlling depth is now 18 feet in a channel about 200 feet wide, from the entrance to the-railroad terminus at Yaquina. No funds have been expended by the United States under the existing project. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, required that one-half of the cost of the new work adopted should be borne by local interests. These conditions have not been met in whole, but the ports of Newport and Toledo have sold bonds to the amount of $458,625, and under permit approved by the Secretary of War August 11, 1917, the ports entered into a contract to the ex- tent of $405,351.50 to construct the extension of the south jetty in accordance with the existing project and have completed the jetty wharf, 8,160 feet of tramway, placed 39,942 tons of stone in the jetty enrockment, and excavated the 18-foot bay channel. The total ex- penditure by the ports in connection with the existing project at the end of the fiscal year is $133,976.39. In addition to the above ex- penditures, the local interests in 1888 contributed $1,000 to prevent shore erosion on south beach. Terminal facilities.-Newport, a town of 700, about 1 mile from the entrance, has about 600 feet of wharf frontage, of which about 140 feet is open to all on equal terms. Opposite Newport, on the south side of the bay, there is a small public wharf, free to all, used as a ferry landing. Between Newport and Yaquina there are two wharves on the south side of the bay which are used in connection with the construction of the south jetty and the logging railroad wharves, but are not used or adapted for general commerce. At Yaquina (the terminus of the Corvallis & Eastern Railroad) there is no public wharf, but the railroad maintains a wharf with a front- age of about 350 feet open to all on equal terms. The existing ter- minals are believed to be adequate for the present and prospective commerce of the near future. Effect of improvement.-The work of improvement under the ex- isting project has not advanced far enough to have any effect on the channel nor in regard to matters relating to commerce. Proposed operations.-Providedthe conditions imposed by Con- gress shall have been met, it is proposed to expend the available funds for the improvement of the entrance of the bay by the construction of the north jetty by hired labor and purchase of materials during the fiscal year 1920, as follows: Receiving wharf---------- --------------- ------------------ $4, 600 1,500 linear feet, single track, tramway approach, at $5.50------------- 8, 250 3,000 linear feet, double track, tramway approach, at $7.50-----------22, 500 Spurs and sidings--------- ----------------------------------- 2, 400 700 feet, double track, jetty tramway, at $9__------------------------ 6, 300 29,000 tons stone for enrockment in place, at $1.55----------------- 44, 950 Engineering and contingencies -------------------------------- 11, 00 Total ----------------------------------------------- 100, 000 The available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1920, and the fol- lowing estimate is submitted for the year 1921: 80,000 tons stone for north jetty enrockment in place, at $1.55------- $124, 000 Engineering and contingencies-- ----------------- _- 16,000 Total - ,---------- ---------------- --------- 140, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1831 It is proposed, however, to hold the available funds until such time as the local interests comply with the terms of the law. Should the ports, however, fail to guarantee satisfactorily their proportion of the cost to the Secretary of War before the completion of their con- tract for construction of the south jetty, the proposed operations will probably be delayed. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articlesnot previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The exports consist principally of lumber and farm and dairy products, while the imports are agricultural implements, mill machinery, supplies, and general merchandise. The commerce during the calendar year 1918 amounted to 5,226 short tons, valued at $567,397. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. 1914................... .... ......................... I..... 1915................ .................................... 1) i1 ) 1916 ....................... ....... I( .................................. (1) 1917 ................................................ 1918............................................................ (2) 5, 226 $567,397 1 No record of commerce. 2No record. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work------------------- -------------------- $707, 313.45 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 6, 025. 51 Net total expended-------- ------------------- 713, 338. 96 Total appropriations to date' of this report- ------ ----- 813, 338. 96 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended fornew work............... .... ........... .... ... ....... .......... ........... Expended for maintenance .................. .............. ............ ......................... .... .......... Appropriated or allotted........ ................................ ............. 100,000.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 $100, 00, .00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-- ----------------------- 100, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------------318, 000. 00 Amount. that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work --------------------------------- .... 140, 000. 00 7. TILLAMOOK BAY AND BAR, OREG. (A7). Location and description.-TillamookBay is an indentation of the Oregon coast, about 50 miles south of the mouth of Columbia River and 595 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is about 6 miles long and 3 miles wide and has a tidal area of about 13 square miles, the greater part of which at low tide presents a succession of sand 1Exclusive of available funds. 1832 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. and mud flats traversed by three principal channels, which, although of fair depth near the entrance, gradually shoal toward the head of the bay. Five small rivers are tributary to the bay, viz, Miami, Kilchis, Wilson, Trask, and Tillamook. The combined low-water discharge of these tributaries is about 300 second-feet. The total drainage area of the bay is about 575 square miles. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6100. Original condition.-The bay is connected with the ocean through a gorge about 750 feet wide at low tide, with a maximum depth of 60 feet. The controlling depth on the bar was 11 feet at mean lower low water in a channel about 300 feet wide, while the depth at ordinary high water in the channel between the entrance and Tillamook did not exceed 7 or 8 feet in a channel about 70 feet wide. The head of navigation for steamers and other craft was Tillamook, on Hoquarten Slough, 12 miles from the entrance, but logging was carried on for a considerable distance on the tributaries. Previous projects.--These were adopted by 'the river and harbor acts of August 11, 1888, and July 13, 1892. The amount expended thereunder, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1913, was $148,707.39, of which $77,208.92 was for new work and $71,- 498.47 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1989 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a jetty about 5,700 feet long on the north side of the entrance to the bay, a channel 16 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide in straight stretches, but increased at the entrance and at curves, from Kincheloe Point (about 1 mile from the entrance'l to Bay City, a distance of about 3 miles. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance, under ordinary condi- tions, are 7.9 feet and about 11 feet, respectively, and at Tillamook City, 12 miles from the entrance, are about 6 feet and 10 feet, re- spectively. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $814,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. No provision was made for maintaining the jetty. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor acts of July 25, 1912, and March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 349, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 27, 1916, appropriated $5,000 for main- taining the channel between Bay City and Tillamook City, but no special report covers this item. The act of March 2, 1919, authorized the abandonment of that portion of the project above Bay City (H. Doc. No. 730, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 3192. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations by the Government were in progress during the year. The U. S. bucket dredge No. 1, operated by hired labor, was employed for about 10 months during the year by local interests dredging channels and filling ground for milling plants, and other miscellaneous work on Tillamook Bay, the entire cost of which was borne by the parties interested. Repairs were made to Government plant, buildings, wharves, jetty plant sold and transferred, and surveys made, at a total ex- penditure of $5,503.53, from United States funds, of which $1,477.86 RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1833 was for new work and $4,025.67 for maintenance, and $478.35 from contributed funds, for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is com- pleted. The jetty was completed in October, 1917, and the 16-foot channel from the entrance to Bay City, in August, 1917. The act of March 2, 1919, abandoned that portion of the existing project relating to the channel from Bay City to Tillamook, so that the only remaining feature of the existing project is the maintenance of the 16-foot channel from the entrance to Bay City. A survey made in June, 1919, shows a controlling depth of 24 feet in a straight chan- nel 1,000 feet wide across the ocean bar (about 2,000 feet seaward from the outer end of the jetty), and 24 feet in a channel 300 feet wide along the jetty, which is an increase of 2 feet during the fiscal year, and an increase of 14 feet over the controlling depth at the end of the previous year. The jetty enrockment has subsided consid- erably, and the top of the outer end of the enrockment for a dis- tance of 900 feet is at low tide level, and then rises gradually toward the shore. The channel from the entrance to Bay City, however, has shoaled, and there was a controlling depth of 8 feet in June, 1919, a decrease of 4 feet during the year. The controlling depth from Bay City to Tillamook is about 3 feet, in a channel at least 60 feet wide, and the conditions in this channel have not changed dur- ing the year. The total expenditures under the existing project are $804,019.50, of which $395,819.75 was from United States funds and $408,199.75 contributed by local interests. Of the United States funds, $387,619.20 was for new work and $8,200.55 for maintenance. Of the contributed funds, $402,749.75 was for new work and $5,450 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, as modified by the act of March 4, 1913, required local interests to pay one-half the total estimated cost of the improvement ($814,000) be- low Bay City and to create and maintain an effective channel 9 feet deep at mean high tide between Bay City and Tillamook. The neces- sary guaranties have been furnished and were approved by the Secretary of War August 4, 1913. At the close of the fiscal year 1918 the expenditure of funds contributed by local interests, consist- ing of the ports of Bay City and Tillamook, amounted to $407,721.40, of which $402,271.40 was expended by the United States for jetty construction and dredging on the present project and $5,450 for creating and maintaining the channel between Bay City and Tilla- mook. The north jetty was completed in 1917. The sum of ap- proximately $16,917.91 was previously expended for maintaining the inner channels by dredging. The act of March 2, 1919, modified the existing project to the extent of abandoning that portion of the project above Bay City and the cancellation of the bond and agree- ment covering the maintenance of the 9-foot channel between. Bay City and Tillamook. Terminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned wharves on the bay. Tillamook, the principal town on the bay, 12 miles from the entrance, has about 1,000 feet of wharves fronting on Hoquarten Slough, all privately owned. About 230 feet of this frontage is open to all on equal terms. The remainder of the wharf frontage is used principally by the owners, and a spur track from the Southern Pa- 1834 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. cific Railroad parallels the slough at the shore ends of the wharves. The existing terminal facilities are believed to be sufficient for the present commerce. For a full description see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The effect on freight rates has not been reported. The work of improvement has made transportation by water safer, easier, and better. Vessels drawing 9 feet have no diffi- culty at mean high tide in reaching Tillamook, 12 miles from the entrance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to return the unexpended balance of contributed funds for the existing project to the con- tributing interests as soon as disposition is made of the jetty prop- erty. It is also proposed to use the available funds for the restoration of the 16-foot channel from the entrance to Bay City when there is available suitable plant for the work, or when ocean commerce is re- sumed, as the latest examination of the channel shows it to be ade- quate for the bay commerce. No further funds are therefore re- quested. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal exports are farm and dairy products. The imports are agricultural implements, machinery, and miscellaneous merchandise. There is no record of commerce for the year 1918. The usual draft of vessels handling the commerce of the bay is about 9 feet. Comparative statement. Calendaryear. Passen- gers. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Pssen- Short Value. gers. tons. 1914.......... None. 9,018 $1,173,700 1917.......... None. 1,054 $146,730 1915.......... None. 9,710 1,371,000 1918....... .. (1) (1) (1) 1916.......... None. 6, 404 1, 219, 650 1No record. The decrease in the commerce since 1915 is due to the railroad from Portland to Tillamook City, which now carries all of the incoming freight, and to the suspension of the regular boat service between Portland and Tillamook. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $16,374.53: New work-- _-- ----------------- $464, 828. 12 Maintenance ------------------------------------- 79, 699.02 Net total expended ------ -------------------------- 544, 527. 14 Total appropriations to date of this report_ _- 571,999.86 RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1835 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $100, 650.68 $109, 587.65 $133,664.89 $43, 525.43 $1, 477.86 Expended for maintenance 1.. ... 476. 95 ............ 1, 977. 47 5, 282. 41 4, 025.67 Total expended 1..................... 101,127. 63 109,587. 65 135,642.36 48, 807. 84 5,503.53 Appropriated or allotted................... 172, 000. 00 ............ 40, 000. 00 13,000. 00 ............ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended--__--___------------------ $20, 937. 25 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919---------------12,039. 00 32, 976. 25 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work ------------------------------ $1, 477. 86 -- For maintenance___ -- ________-- - - 4, 025. 67 5, 503. 53 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended __________________________ 27, 472. 72 July, 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities -- _______________ _ 1, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $10,452.10 available only for maintenance --------------------------------------- 26,472. 72 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work, including $4,750 for dredging at Bay City .- ___- - $402, 749. 75 Maintenance of channel from Bay City to Tillamook--------- 5, 450. 00 Net total expended ------------------------- 408, 199. 75 Total contributions to date of this report__ __ _____----- 417, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work. .............. $93, 124.37 $118, 901. 15 $148, 228. 11 $40, 427. 16 $478. 35 Expended for maintenance......................... 4,992.07 457.93 .................. Total expended...................... 93,124.37 123, 893.22 148, 686.04 40, 427.16 478. 35 Contributed........... ..................... .... 5, 450. 00 .......... ............ July 1, 1918, balance unexpended$9---------------------------- , 47&. 60 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work.... 478. 35 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _________-- ---________--9, 000. 25 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR UNITED STATES AND CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting redeipts from sales, etc., amounting to $16,374.53: New work-------- -------- ------ $867, 577. 87 Maintenance ------------------------ 85, 149. 02 Net total expended- ---------------------- - 952, 726. 89 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report.__. 989, 199. 86 i Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1836 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. 1$193, 775. 05 $228, 488. 80 $281, 893.00 383, 952.59 $1, 956. 21 Expended for maintenance 1.. ........... 476. 95 4,992.07 2, 435.40 5,282.41 4, 025. 67 Total expended 1.......... .. 194, 252.00 233, 480. 87 284, 328 40 89,235.00 5,981.88 Appropriated or allotted and contributed. 172, 000. 00 5, 450. 00 44, 750.00 13, 000.00...... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__ ---------------------------- $30, 415. 85 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919---------------- 12, 039. 00 42, 454. 85 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work------------------------------ $1, 956.21 For maintenance-----------------------------4,025. 67 5, 981. 88 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 36, 472. 97 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-- 000. 00 1--------------------------, July 1, 1919, balance available, including $10, 452.10 available only for maintenance_ --------------------------------------- 35, 472.97 8. NEHALElM BAY, OREG. (A8). Location and description.-Nehalem Bay is an indentation of the Oregon coast about 45 miles south of the mouth of Columbia River and 600 miles north of San Francisco Bay, -Calif. It is the estuary of Nehalem River, has a length of about 4 miles, and is from one-third to 1 mile wide, and has a tidal area of 5 square miles. Nehalem River has a drainage area of 860 square miles and a low-water dis- charge of about 400 second-feet. The high-water discharge is not known, but freshets of 20 feet are not unusual during the winter months. The tidal reach extends to a point about 10 miles from the entrance. Above this point the river is a mountain stream ob- -structed by bowlders. See U. S Coast. and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6100. Original condition.-The entrance channel at low water leading from the ocean to Nehalem Bay was 400 to 600 feet in width. It was subject to great changes in position and direction as well as in depth. It shifted at intervals throughout a distance of more than a mile along the beach and varied in direction from southwest to north of west, with reported controlling depths on the bar of 6 feet at mean lower low water, and was available for only small coastwise vessels. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The amount expended there- under was for an examination and a survey, and amounted to $685.68. The existing project began in 1913. For further details of previous project, see page 1991 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two high-tide rubblestone jetties at the entrance to the bay, designed to secure a permanent depth of at least 8 feet at mean lower low water. The south jetty is to be 2,565 feet long in extension of the oe 2,385 feet long con- 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1837 structed by the port of Nehalem, the inner 1,300 feet to be 10 feet wide on the top and 30 feet high, and the outer 1,450 feet 15 feet wide on the top and 32 feet high. The north jetty is to be 3,850 feet long and based on the north spit, the inner 1,700 feet to be 10 feet wide on the top and 30 feet high and the outer 600 feet to be 15 feet wide on the top and 32 feet high. The jetties are to be slightly con- verging with their outer ends 700 feet apart and about on the 6-foot contour. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance under ordinary condi- tions are 7.4 feet and 11 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, is $632,350, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. No provision was made for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H.Doc. No. 623, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For-latest pub- lished map see page 3202, Annual Report for 1916. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of construct- ing the north jetty, which was in progress at the beginning of the year, was finished October 15, 1918. During the year the contractor furnished 9,995 tons of rock, which was placed in the jetty enrock- ment by hired labor, making a total of 90,245 tons to complete the enrockment. The total amount expended was $27,630.98, for new work, of which $15,360.36 was from United States funds and $12,- 270.62 from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. The south jetty was completed in 1915 and the north jetty in 1918. Both jetties are in good condition, but the outer ends of the enrock- ments for a distance of about 200 feet have subsided to low-tide level. The controlling depth between the jetties is 18 feet in a chan- nel 200 feet wide, following close to the south jetty, the channel then turning sharply to the northwest from the ends of the jetties. The channel across the ocean bar (1,000 feet outside of the jetties) has a controlling depth of 12 feet in a width of about 400 feet. This is an increase of depth of 2 feet over the conditions of last year. The total expenditure for the south jetty was $411,982.84, and for the north jetty to the close of the fiscal year, $176,049.37. The total ex- penditure under the existing project was $588,032.21, all for new work, of which $295,385.07 was from United States funds and $292,- 647.14 from funds contributed by local interests. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, required that local interests pay one-half the cost of the improve- ment, receiving credit for work already accomplished. These condi- tions have been met in full, and the port of Nehalem was given credit for $82,000, expended in the construction of 2,385 feet of the south jetty under a project approved by the Secretary of War on.March 31, 1910, which project was later adopted by law. In addition to the foregoing work, the port of Nehalem operated a Government bucket dredge under permit from the Secretary of War, from May 10 to July 23, 1914, dredging and snagging the upper bay between Wheeler and Nehalem, for which there is no project. The expenditure reported for this work was $2,050. Terminal facilities.-Brighton,one-half mile above the entrance, on the left bank, has 400 feet of privately owned wharf frontage owned by the mill companies. Wheeler, on the left bank, 4 miles 1838 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. above the entrance, has 700 feet of wharf frontage, of which 50 feet is publicly owned. Nehalem, on the right bank, about 7 miles above the entrance, has 280 feet of privately owned wharves, but 80 feet of this frontage has always been free to all. The Southern Pacific Rail- road passes through Wheeler and Brighton, but there is no physical connection between the railroad and the river. Nehalem has no rail- road. The existing terminals are believed to be sufficient for the present commerce. For a full description see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has fixed the channel across the bar, has greatly increased its depth, and has made naviga- tion better, safer, and easier. No effect on railroad freight rates has been reported. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to return the unexpended balance of contributed funds to the contributing interests as soon as final settlement is made with the contractor for furnishing jetty rock and disposition is made of the jetty property. The available balance of United States funds after final payment is made to contractor will be sufficient for the care and disposition of Government plant, surveys, etc., and no estimate for additional funds is, therefore, sub- mitted. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Therehas been no water-borne commerce over the ocean bar during the past year, but it is believed a large lum- ber industry will develop with an improved lumber market, as the country tributary to the bay and river is heavily timbered with fir, spruce, and hemlock. Comparative statement. Calendar Passengers. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. year. 1913........... Norecord. 4,475 $67,311 1916..:.... . 7,480 163,677 $583,891 1914.......... .. do..... 8,896 374,848 1917.......... (2)) () (2) 1915......... .. do..... 123,643 309885 1918.......... ( ( ( 1 For river only. 2 No record. The increase of the commerce for the year 1916 is due to the greater quantity of logs towed on the river and to the transportation by water of rock for jetty construction. Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $928.88: New work ---------------------------- $296, 070. 75 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 316, 860. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.. ......... $114,614.12 $73,014.83 543,073.22 $24, 232.19 $15, 360.36 Expended for maintenance... ......................... Appropriated or allotted................ 116, 175.00................... INot deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1839 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended--__--------------- - $35, 221. 41 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ___ -______-___ 928. 88 36, 150. 29 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for new work_ 15, 360. 36 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____________ ______________ 20, 789.93 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities _----______-___ __- - 2, 331. 04 July 1, 1919, balance available __-______________________ 18, 458. 89 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work--_----- ------------------------------- $292, 647. 14 Maintenance--.. ----.---- Total appropriations to date of this report (including $82,000 allowed for useful work performed) ----------------------- 316,175.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915. 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work...............$ 53,361.54 $77, 318.82 $43, 170.30 $24,525.86 "$12, 270. 62 Expended for maintenance........................................... .............. Appropriated or allotted.................................................... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended- --------------------------- $35, 798. 48 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work __. 12, 270. 62 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended___________________ 23, 527. 86 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities________________________ __ 5, 068. 96 .July 1, 1919, balance available___ __-__ ____--18, 458. 90 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR UNITED STATES' AND CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $928.88: New work ---------------------------------------- $588, 717.89 Maintenance ------------------------------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report (including $82,000 allowed for useful work performed) -__-__ --- _ _-_--___ 633, 035. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new workl1..............$167, 975.66 $150, 333.65 $86, 243.52 $48, 758.05 $27, 630.98 Expended for maintenance......... ...... Appropriated or allotted...... .. 116,175.00 ........................................ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc,. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ ________________________ $71, 019.89 Receipts from sales) etc., during fiscal- year 1919 ---- ,------------ 928. 88 71, 948. 77 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 1 27, 630. 98 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --- - - -- -- 44317. 79 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_- ._-,- ----.. --------. 7, 400. 00 Jly 1, ,1919, balance :available,-- ---- -. 36, 917. 79 Not deducting receipts from sales, ete. 125851--EN 1919- 116 1840 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct-' ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $62,798.53: New work-------------- ------------------------- $3, 742, 505. 37 Maintenance ---------- 7----------------------------- 2733, 517. 19 Net total expended------------------------------- 4, 476, 022. 56 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 4, 985, 328. 26 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work'.................. $304,712.35 $289, 377.44 $247, 434.61 $76, 517.89 $22, 242.92 E xpended for maintenance .............. 51, 854. 17 58, 605.30 84, 484.25 86,238.15 119,016.02 Tptal expended .......................... 356,566.52 347,982.74 331,918.86162,756.04 141,258.94 Appropriated orallotted.................. 557, 675.00 ............ 124,000.00 99,000.00 460,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------ $177, 963. 26 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918---------------------------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_- 415,000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------ ------ 17, 601. 38 650, 564. 64 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year :8 For new work------- --------------------- $22, 242.92 For maintenance-------------------------- 119,016.02 141, 258.94 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 509, 305. 70 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 34, 455.24 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $45,900.32 available only for maintenance------------------------------------474,850.46 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- --- ------------------------ 318, 000. 00 '---- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work--------------------------- --------------- 140, 000. 00 For maintenance--------------------------------------- '131,000.00 Total ----------------------------------------------- 271, 000. 00 CASCADES AND DALLES-CELILO CANALS, OREG.; COLUMBIA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES ABOVE CELILO FALLS TO THE MOUTH OF SNAKE RIVER, OREG. AND WASH.; AND SNAKE RIVER, OREG., WASH., AND IDAHO (GROUP B). 9. CASCADES CANAL, COLUMBIA RIVER, OREG. (BI). Location and description.-This improvement embraces about 4J miles of the Columbia River where it passes through the Cascade Mountains and is contracted into a narrow gorge with steep slopes 1In addition to this amount, $379,372.79 was contributed by local interests and expended on this work. SIn addition to this amount, $16,550 was contributed by local interests and expended for maintenance. 3 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. ' Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1841 and swift current. For general description of the river see report on " Columbia River above Celilo Falls to the mouth of Snake River." The river at this place has a fall of 24 feet in the upper half mile, and at a point about 1 mile below the upper pool there is a fall of 6 feet in a distance of 1,500 feet, or a fall of about 16 feet per mile. The total fall from the head of the main rapids to the foot of the lower rapids (4 miles) is about 37 feet at low water, and at high water the total fall is about 40 feet. Velocities as high as 15 miles per hour have been observed during the freshet season in June. The river at this point has a low-water flow of approximately 50,000 second-feet, which occurs during the winter months, and does not generally exceed 30 days in duration. The maximum high-water flow is estimated at 1,400,000 second-feet and usually occurs in June. The average width between banks in this stretch is about 600 feet. The lower end of the rapids is at the head of tidewater, 141 miles from the Pacific Ocean. See U. S. Geological Survey, Mount Hood quadrangle. Original condition.-A fall of 24 feet at low water in the upper 2,500 feet of the gorge created a turbulent rapid which effectually barred navigation. The current in the lower 4 miles of the gorge was swift, and the channel was unsafe owing to obstructing ledges and bowlders. There was a least depth of about 5 feet in main channel of the lower rapids. The foot of the lower rapids was the head of navigation, and freight was transferred around the obstruc- tions, first by teams and later by a steam railroad, until the comple- tion of the canal. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a canal with one lock around the upper Cascades Rapids and open-river improvement below the canal. The section of river under improvement is about 4J miles in length, and its lower end is about 141 miles from the mouth of the river. The canal has a length of 3,000 feet and a clear width be- tween side walls of 90 feet. The lock is located at the lower end of the canal and has two chambers in flight with detailed information as follows: Dimensions of look. Dimensions. Lift. Available depth Lock. Foundation. Greatest available oClear At low loversill At high miter foleruh length width. water. water, atater lo width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Lower chamber................. Rock............. 469 90 24 0 8 Upper chamber......................do............. 462 90 0 18 8 There are no dams on the canal. The lower chamber only is used up to a 13-foot stage (upper pool), after which the upper chamber alone is used up to a 42-foot stage lower gage, when the canal is "drowned out." 1842 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The ordinary summer freshets reach a stage of 42 feet at the foot of the canal and 30 feet at the upper entrance. The highest freshet of record (1894) reached a height of 60 feet at the lower entrance and 50 feet at the upper entrance. Freshets occur during the winter months, due to rains, and reach a stage of 15 feet at the lower gage, but do not interfere with the navigation of the canal. Ice conditions, ivhich often close the river to navigation, occur usually in January or February. The tidal influence extends up to Bonneville, the lower end of the improvement, 141 miles from the mouth of the river. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, including $413,360 for second lock and protective works, is $3,856,763. The cost of operation and care of the lock and canal is paid from the per- manent indefinite appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, provided for the construc- tion of a canal around the Cascades of the Columbia in the State of Oregon, and the act of July 13, 1892, provided for contracts to complete the project (Annual Report for 1875, p. 789); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the second lock and protective works (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3571); and the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the removal of obstructive rock in the rapids below the canal. For last published map see Senate Executive Document No. 26, Fifty-third Congress, third session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field operations were in progress during the year. The total expenditure was $187.40 for new work in care of plant. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 99.7 per cent completed. The canal construction work was completed in 1914. The controlling depth in the canal is 8 feet at low water. The open river work in the rapids below the canal is practically com- pleted and there is now a least depth of 7 feet over the reefs in the rapids, in a channel 250 feet wide, at extreme lpw water. At low water the velocity of current is about 10 miles per hour and velocities as high as 15 miles per hour have been observed during high water. On account of the swift water only powerful steamers can ascend to the canal at high water, and at a 40-foot stage (lower entrance) nearly all of the steamboats suspend operations. At a 42-foot stage the river level at the upper entrance is as high as the top of the intermediate lock gates, and the canal is closed to navigation at stages above 42 feet on the lower gage. Detailed information concern- ing the canal is given under Existing project. The total expendi- ture was $3,904,732.86, all for improvement. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. The inhabitants of the town of Cas- cade Locks use the upper lock walls as a boat landing. Below the canal, to the lower end of the improvement, there is no business along the river banks and no terminal facilities are needed. Effect of improvement.-No reduction in freight rates has been reported, but the improvement is known to be a factor in regulating rates to all points reached by steamers using the canal and to the tributary country, as boats passing through these locks and The Dalles-Celilo Canal (opened to navigation May 5, 1915), can now ascend to Priest Rapids on the Columbia River, and to Pittsburgh RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1843 Landing on the Snake River, 397 and 540 miles, respectively, above the mouth of the Columbia River. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed during the next fiscal year. It is proposed to hold the available funds until necessary for further work in rapids below the canal. No estimate for funds is submitted, as the available funds are sufficient to complete the project. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commerciel statistics.-See report on operating and care of the Cascades Canal. Financialsutnmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $12,763.33: New work --------------------------------------- $3, 904, 732. 86 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 3, 914, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1................... $20,936.50 $724.36 $4,108.65 $52.45 $187.40 Expended'for maintenance................................ ... ..- ..... ..... ........... Appropriated or allotted. .................................- ......... . .............. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_______________-________ $8, 386. 22 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919---------------, 1, 068. 32 9, 454. 54 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for new work__ - 187. 40 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----------------------------9, 267. 14 10. THE DALLES-CELILO CANAL, OREG. AND WASH. (B2). Location and description.-This improvement embraces about 12 miles of the Columbia River between The Dalles and Celilo, Oreg. For general description see report on "Columbia River above Celilo Falls to the mouth of Snake River." See U. S. Geological Survey map of Oregon. Original condition.-Between the foot of The Dalles Rapids and the head of Celilo Falls, a distance of 94 miles, there was a total fall of 81 feet at extreme low water and 60 feet at high water, and this portion of the stream was not navigable at any stage. The head of navigation was at The Dalles, 190 miles from the ocean, and freight was first transferred by teams and later by rail from The Dalles to the head of Celilo Falls until completion of the canal. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894. The amount expended, $47,112.83, was for examinations and surveys. The existing project began in 1904. For further details of previous project see page 1993 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing. project.-This provides for open-river improvement from the foot of Threemile Rapids to the foot of The Dalles Rapids, and a continuous canal on the Oregon shore from the foot of The Dalles or Fivemile Rapids to the head of Celilo Falls, the canal to 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1844 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. have a depth of 8 feet, width of 65 feet at the bottom, and length of 8 miles, with five locks, as follows: Detailed information of looks. Dimensions. Lift. Avail- Miles from Great- est able depth r - lower Lock. Founldation. est depth omh- Cost. en- lot Clear Low High loo pleted. en- trance. avail- ale for width. water. water. sill. full width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 0 Tandem Locks 1..... Rock...... 265 45.0 70.0 22.0 7.0 1915 $477,600 1.6 Five-mile Lock...... ...... do....... 265 45.0 12.0 15.0 7.0 1915 246,700 5.2 Ten-mile Lock 2..........do...... 265 50.0 ........ 7.5 7.0 1915 149, 600 8.1 Celilo Lock 2......-....... do....... 265 45.0 ........ 6.5 7.0 1915 103,200 1 Twa chambers in flight. 2 Not used at low water. There are no dams in the canal. The lower end of the canal is about 4 miles, and the lower end of the Threemile Rapids about 11 miles, above The Dalles, Oreg. The normal river freshets at the lower end of the canal reach a stage of 45 feet and the highest flood 70 feet above low water. At the upper end of the canal the normal freshets are about 18 feet and the maximum rise 33 feet. The canal was designed to operate to a stage of 18 feet at the upper pool, and is then "drowned out" until the river recedes to a stage of 18 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, is $4,845,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The cost of operation and care of the canal and locks is paid from the perma- nent indefinite appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1.905 (Annual Report 1904, p. 3475). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1915, page 3380. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work consisted of placing 2,160 cubic yards of riprap on a short section of river bank where the river threatened to undermine the canal embankment, some miscellaneous work, and collecting and shipping Government plant that was sold or transferred to other departments. The total expenditures were $4,279.55 for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 99 per cent complete. Detailed information concerning the canal is given under Existing project. There is a controlling depth of 8 feet in the canal trunk and 7 feet on the lock sills at low water. The con- trolling depth in Threemile Rapids (about 1 mile below the canal) is now 10 feet in a channel 250 feet wide, and the only obstruction to navigation at this point now is the swift current at even moder- ately high stages of river. The work remaining to be done to com- plete the existing project is the deepening of the lower entrance of the canal to the project depth and some miscellaneous.work. The canal has withstood four river freshets since its completion without apparent damage, and is in excellent condition. The total amount expended under the existing project was $4,656,473.77, all for new work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1845 Local cooperation.-The project was approved by the Secretary of War November 6, 1903, with a proviso that "no work shall be be- gun until the right of way and release from damages have been con- veyed to the United States free of cost." At the close of the year 1905 the title to right of way had been vested in the United States by deeds from the State of Oregon. This constitutes the only local cooperation. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities on this stretch of river, 9 miles. The little commerce carried on can be loaded from the canal banks and lock walls directly into the boats. Effect of the improvement.-This section of the river was unnavi- gable at any stage. The improvement has made continuous naviga- tion possible to points on the Columbia as far as the foot of Priest Rapids, and to Pittsburg Landing on the Snake River, 397 and 540 miles, respectively, from the mouth of the Columbia River. It has also been a factor in regulating rail rates to points above the canal. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the available funds to the completion of the project, and to the care and disposal of the Government construction plant, using the canal operating force to do the construction work from time to time, when not engaged in operating the canal. As the available funds are sufficient for this purpose, no estimate for additional funds is therefore submitted. Reccommended modifications of project.--None Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-See report on operating arid care of the Dalles-Celilo Canal. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $85,939. 94: New work----------------------------------------$4, 703, 586. 60 Maintenance___ Total appropriations to date of this report--------------. 4, 895, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $601,692.45 $71,850.64 $10,931.82 $8,239.23 $4,270 Expended for maintenance ...................... .................... .... .... ... Appropriated or allotted.... .......... .. ................ .......... ........... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__-------------------- $181,145.32 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 .--------- - 14, 547. 63 195, 692. 95 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 4, 279. 55 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----- --------- - - 191,413.40 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 200. 00 July 1, 1919, balance ayailable------------------------------ 191,213. 40 i Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1846 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 11. COLUMBIA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES ABOVE CELILO FALLS TO THE MOUTH OF SNAKE RIVER, OREG. AND WASH. (B3). Location and description.-The Columbia River rises in the south- eastern part of British Columbia, flows in a northwesterly direction for about 175 miles, thence in a general southerly direction for about 250 miles until it reaches the international boundary, thence in a general southerly and westerly direction for about 424 miles to its confluence with the Snake River, thence in a general westerly direc- tion for 324 miles between the States of Oregon and Washington, until it empties into the Pacific Ocean. It has a total length of 1,200 miles. The river has an extreme low-water flow of approxi- mately 50,000 second-feet above the Cascades Rapids, which occurs during the winter months and does not generally exceed 30 days in duration. The maximum high-water flow is estimated at 1,400,000 cubic feet per second, and usually occurs in June and is of short dura- tion. From the international boundary to Priest Rapids, 342 miles, the river is a series of rapids and pools with some long stretches of navigable water. From the foot of Priest Rapids to Celilo Falls, 197 miles, the river has an average fall of 1.3 feet per mile with a fall of somewhat less than 0.9 foot per mile between rapids. Swift cur- rents are found at all rapids and the swiftest current, between Celilo and Snake River, is about 10 miles per hour. The river has a total drainage area of 259,000 square miles. The average width of the river below Priest Rapids to Celilo Falls is about 2,000 feet. See U. S. Geological Survey map of Washington. Original condition.-The controlling depth between Celilo, Oreg., and the mouth of Snake River was about 3 feet in crooked channels abounding in rapids and shoals and obstructed by projecting ledges, isolated bowlders, etc. Before the construction of railroads in this section the Columbia River formed the main highway between the inland empire and tidewater, but navigation was practically sus- pended in 1882 upon the completion of the railroad which parallels the south bank of the river.. T h head of navigation for steamers and other craft operating on this stretch is Priest Rapids, 397 miles above the mouth of the river, but there are other navigable reaches above Priest Rapids. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and modified in 1877 so as to include the improvement of Snake River. Under this project $120,000 was expended for new work prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907. For further details of previous projects see page 1992 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for removing obstructing bowl- ders and ledges and raking the gravel shoals in order to provide safe navigation of such channels as exist, the work to be done by opera- tion of Government plant. The section included in the project is 124 miles long. The lower end of the project is about 200 miles from the mouth of the river. The estimate of cQst for new work made in 1906 is $400,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, to be expended during a series of years. The summer freshets occur from May to August and the ordinary freshets reach a stage of 21 feet at Umatilla gage. The highest flood (1894) reached a stage of 34 feet - Umatilla. Freshets due to RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1847 rains usually occur in the early winter, .but rarely exceed a 9-foot stage. Ice conditions usually occur in January or February and often suspend navigation for several weeks. The existing proJect was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 440, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) For latest published map see Annual Report for 1906, page 1988. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No active operations were in progress during the year on account of the war and shortage of funds. There was, however, no urgent need for improvement, as the channels were reported to be in good condition. The total ex- penditure for the year was $2,956.71, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 96 per cent complete. The controlling depth over the shoals is 44 feet at adopted low water (lowest 15-day period). The channels through all of the rapids are more than 100 feet wide, except through Homly Rapids, where for a short distance the channel is only 70 feet wide, with a 44 foot depth. The channels in the pools between the rapids are from 400 to 1,500 feet wide. The maximum draft of boats is 41 feet, so that navigation is possible at all stages. The work re- maining to complete the project is the straightening of the most dan- gerous channels through the rapids. Although the work already done has greatly lessened the danger to navigation, considerable more work than contemplated 'by the existing project will, however, be necessary to give satisfactory channels through the rapids. The total amount expended under the existing project was $450,046.08, of "which $387,510.90 was -for new work, and $62,535.18 for mainte- nance from United States funds. In addition $25,000 was expended for new work from contributed funds. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law. The State of Washington in 1907 appropriated $25,000 for expenditure by the Federal Government on this improvement and the money was expended in the construction of a drill scow and in removing rock ledges and raking gravel bars at Umatilla and Homly Rapids by using Government plant. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on this stretch of river, nor any large warehouses on the river banks. At Umatilla Landing there is a small warehouse (on tracks) that can be moved up and down the river bank according to the stage of river. There is a railroad on each bank of the river but there is no physical connec- tion between the railroads and the river. The river commerce is handled by the boats' crews and unloaded on the river banks. The products of the country are produced at some distance from the river and are mostly shipped by rail, directly from the inland points, as the combined boat and rail rate, plus the cost of transfer from rail to boat, at points where the branch rail lines leave the river, is greater than the all-rail rate. It is believed that the existing facilities are sufficient for the needs of the present commerce. (For a full description of terminals see H. Doc. No. 226, 63d Cong., 1st sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has rendered navigation much easier and safer and has increased the length of the low-water navigation season. A substantial reduction of freight rates has been made since the beginning of operations. 1848 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Proposed operations.-Itis proposed to expend the funds available for the fiscal year 1920 as follows: Operation of the steamer Umatilla, 4 months, at $2,500 per month__ $10, 000. 00 Operation of one drill boat, 5 months, at $1,600 per month ____-- _ 8, 000. 00 Repairs to Government plant_----------------_____-___ _ 2, 000. 00 Care of idle plant---------------------------------------- 1, 500. 00 Superintendence and contingencies_--........__..-_-__-- - 3, 153. 92 Total -------------------------------------------- 24, 653. 92 Of the above estimate, it is proposed to expend $12,489.10 in the completion of the existing project and the balance for the main- tenance of the existing channels. All work to be done by hired labor. The available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1920. For the fiscal year 1921 the following estimate is submitted: Operation of the steamer Umatilla, 7 months, at $2,500 per month... $17, 500 Care of Government idle plant----------- ---------- 1, 000 Repairs to Government plant------------------------------ 4, 000 Superintendence and contingencies- --- 5, 000 Total----------------------------------------------- 27, 500 The amount estimated for 1921 will be applied to the maintenance of the existing channels. All work to be done by hired labor. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-On the opening of The Dalles-Celilo Canal, May 5, 1915, a regular line of boats began through service from Portland, Oreg., to Pasco, Wash., on the Columbia, and to Lewiston, Idaho, on the Snake River. This was the first boat service on the Columbia River above Celilo, Oreg., since the Open River Trans- portation Co. suspended operations October 31, 1912. The commerce passing over this section of river from June 26 to July 11, 1918, amounted to 61 short tons, valued at approximately $14,429. The draft of the boats operating on this section of river does not exceed 44 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914............ .................-- -. .. ---..... ---------... .... ............ None. ..................... 1915, through Dalles-Celilo Canal from May 5 to Dec. 31, 1915........ 8,394 $809,081 6,182 1916, through Dalles-Celilo Canal.................................... 8, 684 1,126, 639 2,106 1917, over river.................. ..... ........ .................... - 7,864 1, 239,416 1, 502 1918, over river to Arlington ....................................... 61 14,429 17 One steamboat company, using two boats, operated on this section of river from May, 1915, to December 15, 1917, and then suspended operations on account of lack of patronage. This boat company resumed operations on June 26, 1918, with one boat making two round trips a week between Portland and Arlington, 40 miles above Celilo, and suspended operations July 11, 1918, after making four round trips. There has been no commercial navigation on this sec- tion of river above Arlington since December 15, 1917. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1849 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $315.70: New work-------- -- - -- --- ---- $507, 510. 90 Maintenance ___-- --- _____--- ----- - 62, 535. 18 Net total expended________----------------____ '570, 046. 08 Total appropriations to date of this report_-- __-- ---------- 595, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $41,753.93 Expended for new work 1.................. $23, 637.43 $11,939.63 $2 510.90........ Expended for maintenance 1...................... 15,000.00 24,59666 20, 119. 61 $2, 956.71 Total expended 1............... .. 41,753.93 38,637.43 36,536.29 22, 630.51 2,956.71 Appropriated or allotted................... 37, 000.00 ............ 38,000.00 45,000.00... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_----- $27, 772. 83 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 --------- 137. 80 27, 910. 63 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for new work__ 2, 956. 71 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended __ - -________---_ 24,953 .92 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ---------------- ____--300. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available -------------------- 24, 653. 92 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance--__------.----------- - 27, 500. 00 12. SNAKE RIVER, OREG., WASH., AND IDAHO (B4). Location and description.-The Snake River is the largest tribu- tary of Columbia River, and rises in Yellowstone National Park, in the western part of Wyoming, flows in a general westerly direction for about 1,000 miles, and empties into Columbia River near Pasco, Wash., 324 miles from the Pacific Ocean. It has a drainage area of 108,600 square miles, a low-water discharge of 14,000 second-feet, and a flood discharge of 289,000 second-feet. Between its mouth and the Grande Ronde River (168 miles) it has a fall of about 3 feet pr mile and a width between banks of from 800 to 1,000 feet. Above the Grande Ronde River it flows through a narrow canyon 100 to 300 feet ins wridth; with slopes of 6 or more feet per mile. Freshets occur in the spring, due to melting snow, and in the fall, due to rains. See U. S. Geological Survey map of Oregon. Original condition.-On account of narrow and crooked channels through rocky ledges, gravel shoals, and bowlders, the river was prac- tically unnavigable at low water and navigation was limited to stages above 3 feet on the Lewiston gage, which occurred during the spring months and gave a navigable depth of about 6 feet to Lewiston, Idaho, with a minimum channel width of about 150 feet. Notwith- standing the difficulties of navigation, the river below Lewiston formed a portion of the natural highway to the Pacific coast until 1In addition $25,000 was contributed by local interests and expended on this work. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. ' Exclusive of available funds. 1850 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19i9. the construction of the railroad to Riparia, Wash., in 1882, when boats abandoned the river below Riparia, but continued to operate above Riparia in conjunction with the railroad. The head of navi- gation was at Lewiston, Idaho, 140 miles above the mouth, though occasional trips were made farther upstream during favorable stages. Previous projects.-No formal project for the improvement of Snake River was adopted by Congress prior to 1902. There was ex- pended previous to the adoption of the existing project in 1907, $168,500, of which $153,410.26 was for new work and $15,089.74 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1991 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for general open-river improve- ment by blasting rock reefs, dredging and raking gravel bars, and by construction of some contraction works between the mouth and Pittsburg Landing, Idaho, a distance of 216 miles, with a view to securing a depth of 5 feet at low water in the existing channels from the mouth to Riparia, and thence of the same depth and generally 60 feet wide to Lewiston. No increase of depth above Lewiston is contemplated. The river is subject to rises varying from 10 to 26 feet, commenc- ing in April and ending in July. The lowest stage occurs during July, August, and September. There is also a rise in the fall and winter months, varying from 4 to 10 feet, due to rains. Ice condi- tions usually occur during the winter months and often suspend navi- gation for several weeks. High winds are of frequent occurrence in the spring and fall of the year, but do not affect the river. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $236,690, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1905) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the sections from Riparia to Lewiston (H. Doc. No. 127, 56th Cong., 2d sess.), and Lewiston to Pittsburg Landing (see Annual Reports for 1903, p. 2246, and 1906, p. 1986) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the section from the mouth to Riparia (H. Doc. No. 411, 55th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1906, page 1988. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No active operations were in progress during the year on account of the war and shortage of funds. There was, however, no urgent need for improvement, as the channels were reported to be in fair condition. The total ex- penditure for the year was $2,669.29, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 78 per cent complete. The controlling depth on the shoals between the mouth of the river and Riparia (68 miles) is 2 feet and occurs at one point only (Long Crossing Bar, 34 miles above the mouth); between Riparia and Lewiston (74 miles) 21 feet, at one point (Log Cabin Rapids), 108 miles above the mouth; above Lewiston, to Pittsburg Landing (77 miles) about 2 feet. The adopted low-water plane is the lowest 15-day period (minus 0.3 on Lewiston gage). The channels below Lewiston are from 240 to 700 feet wide in the pools and from 60 to 150 feet wide through the rapids. Above Lewiston the channels are, at extreme low water, from 50 to 100 feet wide. From the mouth to Riparia, on account of the crooked channels through the rapids, commercial navigation has been limited RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1851 to stages above 3 feet on Lewiston gage, which permits a 4-foot draft. This gives a navigation season of about 150 days (from Feb- ruary to August). Extreme low water occurs from July to October. A second navigation stage usually occurs during the fall and winter months, but the commercial boats do not take advantage of a boat- ing stage during those months. Between Riparia and a point about 12 miles above Lewiston navigation is usually continuous, except during extreme low water, which, however, does not occur every year. Above the Grande Ronde River (29 miles above Lewiston) there is no navigation at very low stages, and during the past 12 years navigation above that point has been limited to launches and small boats. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the widening and deepening of the existing channels to project dimensions, which contemplates a depth of 5 feet from the mouth to Lewiston. It is believed, however, this can not be obtained at all points by open-river methods of improvement. The total expendi- ture under the existing project was $260,696.79, of which $133,797.51 was for new work and $126,899.28 for maintenance from United States funds. In addition $85,000 was expended on new work from contributed funds. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law. The Washington State Legislature in 1907 provided $85,000 which was expended by the Federal Government between Riparia, Wash., and the mouth for general open-river work in accordance with the adopted project. This appropriation was made as the result of a general disposition to revive river navigation and utilize the State Portage Railroad, which was built by the State of Oregon in 1905, around obstructions in the Columbia River between Celilo and Big Eddy, Oreg. Terminal facilities.-From the mouth to Riparia, 67 miles, there are no wharves or warehouses on the river banks. From Riparia to Lewiston, 72 miles, there are no wharves but on the left bank there are 7 wheat warehouses for storage of wheat to be transferred to the railroad on the right bank. There is no railroad on the left bank above Riparia, so that the wheat all has to be transferred by river steamers to the railroad on the right bank. Lewiston, a city of 7,000, 139 miles above the mouth, owns 4,000 feet of water frontage on the Snake River and has leased 250 feet to a warehouse company which operates a warehouse located on the bank of the river but no part of the structure extends to the low water line and the boats land on the beach. The freight is trucked into the warehouse by means of gangplanks. A railroad track parallels the warehouse but there is no physical connection. Asotin, a town of 1,000, 6 miles above Lew- iston, has three warehouses on the river bank, but no wharves. Above Asotin there are three wheat warehouses, the farthest 11 miles above. From the mouth of the river to Riparia, 67 miles, there is a railroad on each side of the river, but no connection with the river and there are no warehouses on the river bank on this stretch of the river. All of the wheat is hauled by rail. From Riparia to Lewiston, 72 miles, there is a railroad on the right bank, but no railroad on the left bank and all of the wheat on the left bank has to be ferried across the river and is done mostly by railroad-owned boats. Above Lewiston there is no railroad near the river for a.distance of 120 miles. 1852 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The existing facilities are believed to be sufficient for the present commerce. (F or a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 226, 63d Cong., 1st sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has made navigation much easier and safer. A substantial reduction of freight rates has been made since the beginning of operations, due in part to the im- proved channels in the Snake and the improvement of Columbia River at the Cascades and Celilo Falls, permitting through river transportation from Portland to Lewiston. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the funds avail- able for the fiscal year 1920 as follows: Operation of steamer Asotin, 3 months, at $2,200 per month -------. $6, 600. 00 Repairs to floating plant ----------------------------------- 1, 500. 00 Care of idle floating plant----------------------------------1, 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies---------------------------- 2, 496. 21 Total-------------------------------------------11, 596. 21 Of the above estimate, it is proposed to apply $5,000 to mainte- nance and the balance to the improvement of the existing channels. All work to be done by hired labor. The available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1920. For the fiscal year 1921 the following estimate is submitted: Operation of steamer Asotin, 6 months, at $2,500 per month---------$15,000 Operation of two drill scows, 4 months, at $3,000 per month---------- 12, 000 Care of idle floating plant 000 1------------------------ Repairs to floating plant-------------------------------------6, 000 Superintendence and contingencies-------------- 3,000 Total ----------- ---------------------------------- 7, 000 Of the above estimate it is proposed to apply $5,000 to maintenance and the balance to the improvement of the existing channels. All work to be done by hired labor. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce during the calendar year 1918 amounted to 21,258 short tons, consisting of grain, merchan- dise, etc., valued at approximately $1,650,713; There was no com- merce on the river below Riparia during the year. Between Riparia and Lewiston 20,607 tons were handled by the railroad-owned boats and consisted principally of wheat and barley transferred from the left bank of the river between Riparia and a point about 17 miles above Lewiston, where there is no railroad, to the railroad on the right bank of the river below Lewiston. The remaining 651 tons consisted of miscellaneous small freight carried by gasoline boats operating to points. above Lewiston. Since the opening of The Dalles-Celilo Canal (May 5, 1915) only one boat line operated be- tween Portland, Oreg., and Lewiston, Idaho, during the spring freshet months only, but suspended operations July 31, 1917. The usual draft on the river below Lewiston is 4 feet during high water and from 24 to 3 feet at low water. Launches operate to a point nearly 100 miles above Lewiston on a draft of 30 inches with a 2-foot stage at Lewiston. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1853 Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value Passen- Calendar Short Value. Passen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. gers. 1914.......... 32,137 $1,085,677 4,249 1917.......... 57, 718 $3, 772, 676 1, 538 1915.......... 41, 817 1, 347,937 1,465 1918......... 21, 258 1,650,713 954 1916.......... 43,497 1,921,434 2,115 The reduction of passenger traffic is due to the suspension of pas- senger boats between Lewiston and Asotin. The decrease of com- merce for the year is due to the suspension of through service from Portland, and to the shortage of the 1917 grain crop. Financialsumnvzary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $825.70: New work ----------------------------------------- $287, 207. 77 Maintenance ________----------------_ 141, 989. 02 Net total expended -------------------------------- 429, 196. 79 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------440, 943. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $16,981.40 $10,786.20 $14,881.71 $8, 579.13 Expended for maintenance 1............. 5, 000.00 5,000. 00 5,000. 00 7,748.61 $2, 669.29 Total expended 1....... ....... 21,981.40 15,786.20 19,881.71 16,327.74 2,669.29 Appropriated or allotted .................. 20,000.00 ........... 25,000.00 25,000.00 .. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------- $14, 415.50 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ------------------------------------------------- 2, 669. 29 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------------- 11, 746.21 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities__------- -___--150. ---- 00 ...... July 1, 1919, balance available------------ - - --- 11, 596. 21 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 91, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work --------------------------------------- 32, 000. 00 For maintenance--------------------5, 000. 00 Total ----------- ------------------------------ 37, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $99,844.67: New work -------------------------------------- $9, 403, 038. 13 Maintenance -------- -------------------------------- 204, 524. 20 Net total expended ----- __--__- ____ 8--9,607, 562. 33 Total appropriations to date of this deport----- -------. 9, 844, 943. 00 1In addition, $85,000 was contributed by local interests and expended on this work. 2 Exclusive of available funds. ' In addition, $110,000 was contributed by local interests and expended on this work. 1854 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1...... $681, 364.28 $106,998.63 $41,861.81 $19,381.71 $4, 466.95 Expended for maintenance ....... 5, 000.00 20, 000. 00 29, 596.66 27, 868.22 5, 626.00 Total expended 1................... 686,364.28 126,998.63 71,458. 47 47, 249.93 10, 092.95 Appropriated or allotted....... .......... 57,000.00 ............ 63,000.00 70,000.00 ... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------- _ ------------------- $231, 719. 87 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-----------------15, 753. 75 247, 473. 62 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ------------------------------ $4, 466.95 For maintenance----------------------------- 5, 626. 00 10, 092. 95 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------------237,380. 67 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 650. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available-------------- --------------- 236, 730. 67 Amount (estimated) required to be. appropriated for completion of existing project ________________-__________ -291, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work -------------------------------------- 2 32,000. 00 For maintenance ----------------------------------- 232, 500. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 264, 500. 00 13. OPERATING AND CARE OF THE CASCADES CANAL. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Cascades Canal, Columbia River, Oreg., see pages 1840 to 1843 of this report, where general information re- garding the improvement can be found. The completed canal has been operated and maintained under permanent indefinite appro- priation since November 5, 1896. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The canal was in com- mission the entire year. There was no interference by high water but traffic was suspended by ice for 14 days during January, 1919. In addition to the usual care and maintenance of the canal, mis- cellaneous minor repairs were made to the plant. The river freshet of 1918 deposited considerable sand and silt in the canal entrances, and the U. S. dredge Monticello removed 16,559 cubic yards of river deposit from the upper and lower entrances to the canal during the fall of 1918. The total amount expended from the indefinite appropriation on account of operation, maintenance, repairs, etc., was $20,477.95. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal, though in operation since 1896, was not fully completed until 1914, and is in excellent .condition. The canal is 3,000 feet long and has a clear width of 90 feet. There are two locks in flight, 90 feet wide, with an available length of 462 feet each and 8 feet of water on miter sills. The i Not deducting a Exclusive of available funds. receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1855 lower lock chamber has a lift of 24 feet and can be operated to a 20-foot stage above extreme low water at lower entrance to canal. The upper lock chamber is available from a 20-foot stage to a 42-foot stage at the lower entrance. The total amount expended from the indefinite appropriation on account of operating, maintenan:e, re- pairs, etc., to the close of the fiscal year was $254,874.87. Proposed operations.-The canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists of wheat, flour, mis- cellaneous grains, and live stock, wool, country produce, lumber prod- ucts, agricultural implements, mill machinery, and general merchan- dise, which, during the calendar year 1918, amounted to 25,733 tons, valued at $4,949,942. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914........... 43,904 $3,098,715 74,291 1917.......... 40,135 $6,741,134 38,387 1915............ 42,477 4 886 035 103, 380 1918.......... 25,733 4 949 942 17,040 1916........... 37 280 4668,269 43509 The usual draft of boats through the canal does not exceed 41 feet. The decrease in commerce for 'the year 1918 is due to the sus- pension during the year of all boat service to points above The Dalles, and to the withdrawal of one boat line operating between Portland and The Dalles. 14. OPERATING AND CARE OF THE DALLES-CELILO CANAL. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for The Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg. and Wash. See pages 1843 to 1845, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed canal has been oper- ated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since May 5, 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The canal was in com- mission the entire year. There was no interference by high water but traffic was suspended by ice 22 days in January, 1919. In addition to the usual care and maintenance of the canal minor repairs were made to the plant. The freshet of 1918 deposited a relatively small quantity of sand in the canal and the U. S. dredge Celilo removed approximately 5,264 cubic yards of river deposit therefrom, at a cost of $1,759.13 or 33.2 cents per yard. The canal operating force, in ad- dition to operating the Celilo, was used at various times to collect the ship canal construction plant that had been sold or transferred during the year. The total amount expended from the indefinite appropriation on account of operation, maintenance, repairs, etc., was $16,746.94. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal is in excellent condi- tion. Only minor repairs were necessary during the year and it is believed that the danger from leakage that threatened the canal em- bankments when the canal was opened to navigation has passed. The canal is 8 miles long, 65 feet wide and has a depth of 8 feet. 125851-EN 1919--117 18-56 iDEPORT OF CIEF 'OF E INEE1S, U. S. ARMY, 1919. It has 5 locks, with a total lift of 81 feet at extreme low water. Each chamber has an available length of 265 feet, a width of 45 feet and 7 feet depth on miter sills. The lower end of the canal is about 4 miles above The Dalles, Oreg. The total expenditure from the in- definite appropriation was $94,861.43. Proposed operations.-The canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce passing through the canal consists principally of general merchandise upstream and farm prod- ucts downstream, amounting to 61 tons, valued at $14,429, during the calendar year 1918. Since the opening of the canal May 5, 1915, only one steamboat line has used the canal, and had one and some- times two boats in service, making a round trip to up-river points every five or six days, and suspended operations December 15, 1917. This line resumed operations on June 26, 1918, with one boat mak- ing two round trips a week between Portland and Arlington, Oreg., 40 miles above the canal, and after making four round trips, discon- tinued operations on July 11, 1918. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1915, canal opened May 5.................................... 8,394 8809,088 6,182 1916... .. .............................. ............ 8,684 1,126,639 2,106 1917, Mar. 3 to Dec. 15... ............................ ..... 5,308 855,060 1,286 1918..................... ....... ........... ......... 61 14,429 17 The usual draft of boats using the canal is 31 feet. The maxi- mum draft is 4 feet. The decrease of commerce for the year 1918 is due to the suspension of all boat service above The Dalles, Oreg. EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED AUGUST 8, 1917. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, of the following localities in this dis- trict were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were re- viewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examination of Tillamook Bay and River and Hoquarten Slough, Oreg., with a view to securing the most feasible channel from the entrance to the city of Tillamook.-Report dated June 20, 1918, with map, is printed in House Document No. 1344, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time to a greater extent than is now provided for by the existing project. 2. Preliminary examination of Coos River (East Channel), Oreg.-Report dated August 28, 1918, is printed in House Document No. 1399, Sixty-fifth Congress, third session. The improvement of RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1857 this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, July 27, 1916, and March 2, 1919, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Snake River, Wash. and Idaho, from the mouth to Asotin. 2. Columbia River from The Dalles, Oreg., to Vancouver, Wash. 3. Washougal Slough, Wash. 4. Columbia River from Celilo Falls, Oreg., to mouth of Snake River; Snake River to Pittsburg Landing, Idaho, with a view to the construction of locks and dams for navigation; Clearwater River from its mouth to Orofino, and in making such examination and sur- vey the engineer or engineers having same in charge shall take into account any proposition by local interests for participation in the expense of said project in connection with the development of hydro- electric power. 5. Coquille River, Oreg., from Myrtle Point to Coquille. 6. Yaquina River, Oreg., from Newport to Toledo. 7. Salmon River, Idaho, up to Salmon. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SECOND PORT- LAND, OREG., DISTRICT. This district includes those portions of the northern part of the State of Oregon and the southern part of the State of Washington whose waters are tributary to the Willamette River, Oreg., and to the Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash., below Vancouver, Wash. District engineer: Col. George A. Zinn, Corps of Engineers, to May 5, 1919, and Col. J. R. Slattery, Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. George A. Zinn, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for pur- poses of appropriation.] Page, Page. 1. Columbia River at the mouth, 6. Lewis River, Wash. (B4)-- 1877 Oreg. and Wash. (Al) ___ 1857 7. Cowlitz River, Wash. (B5)_ 1881 2. Columbia and Lower Willam- 8. Skamokawa Creek, Wash. ette Rivers, below Van- (B6) -- 1883 couver, Wash., and Port- 9. Grays River, Wash. (B7) _ 1885 land, Oreg. (A2) ---------- 1861 10. Operating and care of canal 3. Clatskanie River, Oreg.(B1)_ 1867 and locks at Willamette 4. Willamette River above Port- Falls, Oreg ... __ 1888 land, and Yamhill River, 11. Operating and care of lock Oreg. (B2)-------------- 870 and dam in Yamhill River, 5. Willamette River at Willam- Oreg_-_- __________- 1889 ette Falls, Oreg. (B3)--... 1874 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 3433 TO 3457. COLUMBIA AND LOWER WILLAMETTE RIVERS BELOW VANCOUVER, WASH., AND PORTLAND, OREG., AND MOUTH OF COLUMBIA RIVER, OREG. AND WASH. (GROUP A). 1. COLUMBIA RIVER AT THE MOUTH, OREG. AND WASH. (Al). Location and description.--The mouth of the Columbia River is 610 miles north of San Francisco Harbor and 160 miles south of the 1858 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Straits of Juan de Fuca. See U. S. Coast and Ceodetic Survey charts Nos. 5062, 6100, and 6151. For description of the Columbia River see page 1861. Original condition.-There were from one to three channels across the bar, and these varied from time to time both in location and depth. The depths were from 19 to 21 feet at mean lower low water, and the outer ends of the channels shifted over the bar between Cape Disappointment and Point Adams over a distance of about 6 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. The amount expended on this project prior to adoption of the existing project in 1905 was $1,986,253.14, including $17,500 previously expended for survey, etc.; all for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1999 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across the bar 40 feet deep at mean lower low water and of suitable width (not less than one-half mile) to be secured by dredging and by converging rubble-mound jetties, the south jetty being about 7 miles and the north jetty about 21 miles long terminating 2 miles north of the end of the south jetty. The tidal range on the bar between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is about 8 feet and the extreme tidal range is about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work is as follows: For the south jetty extension, revised in 1909, $8,014,164; for the north jetty, revised in 1913, $5,966,573; and for remodeling and operating the dredge, made- in 1905, $250,000, a total of $14,230,737, exclusive of amounts expended under previous proj- ects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $160,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, made final provision for the south jetty, the construction of the north jetty, and dredging (H. Doc. No.No.94, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1903, p. 2275). The construction of the north jetty was approved July 29, 1910, and a modification of its alignment December 27, 1913. For latest published map see page 3434 of this report. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work consisted in dredging with the U. S. dredge Chinook, care and transfer of plant and materials, and overhauling and repairing dredge. During the year 344,520 cubic yards of sand (maintenance) were dredged from the main channel on the bar, at a field cost of $47,388.51. Two sur- veys of the bar were made at a field cost of $1,279.85; this amount is included in the cost of dredging. The dredge Chinook was transferred, temporarily, January 30, 1919, to the Charleston (S. C.), district. All work except repairs to dredge was done by hired labor with Government plant. The total amount expended was $142,600.61 for maintenance, including expenditures for overhauling and preparing of dredge Chinook prior to transfer to Charleston, S. C. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1918. The south jetty extension was completed in 1913, the north jetty was completed in 1917, and dredging on the bar was completed in 1918. A total of 8,729,683 tons of stone have been placed in the two jetties. The elevation of the enrockment of north jetty for the first 1,700 feet is from 15 to 21 feet above mean lower low RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1859 water; the next 7,000 feet from 28 to 32 feet; the next 1,500 feet about 29 feet above the same datum, and thence to the outer end the enrock- ment has settled from 2 feet to 19 feet in places. At the end of the year the controlling depth at mean lower low water on the main (dredged) entrance was 42 feet. Pilots claim that an allowance of 8 to 12 feet must be made for the pitch of a vessel on this bar so that the maximum draft that could be carried across the bar June 30, 1919, at mean lower low water with " smooth " bar was 34 feet. There has been expended on the existing project $13,751,646.77, not including $475,000 and $25,000 contributed by the ports of Portland and Astoria, respectively, and expended on new work. Of this amount, $11,457,269.81 was for new work, and $2,294,376.96 was for maintenance. The item of new work includes $7,618,765.91 as cost of south jetty and $4,319,372.84 (including $500,000 contributed funds) as cost of north jetty, and $19,131.06 cost of dredging. Of the items of maintenance, $692,277.92 was applied to the south jetty and $1,602,099.04 to the alterations, repairs, and operations of the dredge Chinook. Local cooperation.-The existing project contains no conditions requiring local cooperation. However, during 1914 the port of Port- land contributed $475,000 and the port of Astoria $25,000 to this improvement. These amounts have been expended, the greater part having been applied to the purchase of stone for the north jetty. Terminal facilities.-For terminal and transfer facilities served by the improvement see report on Columbia and lower Willamette Rivers. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for the largest vessels operating on the Pacific coast to enter and leave at all normal stages of tide and in any weather except during the most severe storms. Bar-bound vessels, once so common, are now, on account of improved conditions, rarely to be seen. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the funds avail- able, in the care and transfer of plant and property, surveys of the bar and dredging operations on the bar for maintenance to June 30, 1920, as follows: Maintenance: Operation and repair, dredge Chinook--------------------- $80, 000 Engineering, surveys and contingencies, including care and trans- fer of plant at Fort Canby------------------------------23, 796 Total------ ---------- 103, 796 The funds for which estimate is submitted are for maintenance dredging on the bar for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, as follows: Maintenance: Operation and repair, dredge Chinook--------------------- $150, 000 Engineering, surveys and contingencies, including care and trans- feri of plant at Fort Canby------------------------------15, 000 Total_-- --------------------------------------- 165, 000 The estimate for additional funds is submitted as shoaling on the bar, due to the winter storms, is anticipated, and dredging for main- tenance of the improvement will be necessary. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. 1860 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Commercial statistics.-About 42 per cent of the commerce re- quired the full project depth for its accommodation. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats are 28 feet for foreign- bound steamers, 24 feet for foreign-bound sailing vessels, 15 feet for foreign-bound gasoline boats, 27 feet for domestic steamers, 22 feet for domestic sailing vessels, and 9 feet for domestic gasoline boats. Of the total freight traffic during the calendar year 1918, it is esti- mated that 8 per cent was handled by steamers to and from foreign ports, 3 per cent by sailing vessels to and from foreign ports, 2 per cent by gasoline boats to and from foreign ports, 75 per cent by domestic steamers, 10 per cent by domestic sailing vessels, and 2 per cent by domestic gasoline boats. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914.......... 2,719,080 $68,012,038 ............. 1917.......... 2,357,863 595,167,069 60,665 1915.......... 2,543,521 86, 053,771 123, 88 1918.......... 1,970,866 77,419,018 16,992 1916......... 2,293,592 61,969,174 52,210 The principal commodities moved during the year, in foreign ex- ports, were flour, lumber, and table-food preparations; in foreign imports they were coal, copra, equipment for vessels, grain, hard- wood, and wool. The domestic commodities consisted mainly of asphaltum, barley, cement, flour, fruits and vegetables, logs, lumber, merchandise, crude and refined petroleum, paper, salt, and sugar. No regular lines of vessels to and from foreign ports operated here during the calendar year. The foreign cargoes were carried in vessels chartered for single voyages. The reason for the decrease in traffic is that five steamers which operated coastwise regularly from the Columbia River were taken from this district; three commandeered for war, service and two be- cause larger tonnage could be obtained elsewhere. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $73,608.59: New work -- ----------------------------- --- $13, 443, 522. 95 Maintenance----------------------------------- 2, 294, 376. 96 Net total expended 5, 737, 899. 91 1------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report .---------------- 15, 843, 424. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 . . . . .. . . Expended for new work 2 ..... $1, 416, 888.45 $1,165, 814.28 $901,929.55 $19,131.06 .. Expended for maintenance 2_...... 146, 294. 77 140, 766. 36 134, 136. 87 151,086.25 $142, 600. 61 Total gxpended 2....... 1,563,183.22 1,306, 610. 64 1,036,066. 42 170,217.31 142,600. 61 Appropriated or allotted............. 2,500,000.00 .............. 1, 200, 000.00 .. 1 In addition $500,000 was expended from contributed funds. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1861 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_-----------------------------$214, 376. 48 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919----------------- 33, 748. 22 248,124. 70 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance--------------------------------------------------142, 600. 61 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------- ------- 105, 524. 09 July 1, 1.919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 1, 728. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance -------------- 103, 796. 09 .Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance--------------------- -------------- 165, 000.00 2. COLUMBIA AND LOWER WILLAMETTE RIVERS BELOW VAN- COUVER, WASH., AND PORTLAND, OREG. (A2). Location and description.-The Columbia River rises in British Columbia and western Montana, flows southwesterly about 1,200 miles through Washington and between Oregon and Washington, and empties into the Pacific Ocean 610 miles north of San Francisco Harbor and 160 miles south of the Straits of Juan de Fuca; drain- age area 259,000 square miles; average flood discharge (May to July) about 725,000 second-feet; low-water discharge (October to January) about 86,600 second-feet, exclusive of tidewater. For description of the Willamette River, see page 1870. Tidal variations extend to a short distance above Vancouver, Wash., 103 miles from the mouth of the Columbia River and to a short distance above Portland, 14 miles above the mouth of the Willamette River, and range from 8 feet at the mouth of the Columbia River to about 2 feet at low water at Portland and Vancouver. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 6100, 6151, 6152, 6153, and 6154. Original condition.-The channel between Portland and the sea was obstructed by numerous sand bars, in which were comparatively narrow channels with depths varying from 10 to 15 feet at low water. The city of Portland, on the Willamette River, 113 miles above the mouth of the Columbia River, was the head of deep-water navigation. Previous projects.-Some work of relief dredging was done be- tween 1866 and 1876. The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and modified by the river and harbor acts of July 13, 1892, June 13, 1902, and June 25, 1910. The amount expended on these projects prior to the commencerhent of work under the existing project in 1913, and including the relief dredging, was $1,529,413.14 for new work and $1,214,864.79 for maintenance, a total of $2,744,277.93. For further details of previous projects, see pages 1995 and 1998 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in the Columbia River from its mouth to the mouth of the Willamette River, 99 miles, and thence up the Willamette to the foot of Ross Island, at Portland, Oreg., 14 miles; 20 feet deep and 150 feet wide in the Columbia River from the mouth of the. Willamette to Vancouver, Wash., 4 miles; and auxiliary channels 8 feet Leep and 300 feet wide in the Willamette on the west side of Swan Island, and 10 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Columbia River ' Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. 1862 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. in the vicinity of Cathlamet; and the construction of stone and pile dikes and revetments. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water at the mouth of the Columbia is about 8 feet and at Portland and Vancouver about 2 feet at low stages of the rivers. Extreme tidal ranges are about 12 feet and 3 feet, respectively. Annual freshets have but little effect on depths at the mouth of the Columbia; at Port- land and Vancouver they average about 21 feet, while the' highest known reached a stage of about 33 feet above low water. The esti- mate of cost for new work made in 1910 is $3,000,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects and of work contributed by the port of Portland. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $310,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, provided for the dike at St. Helens Bar (Annual Report for 1877, p. 1019); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the closing dike at head of Oregon Slough and dikes at Deer Island and Walker Island (H. Doc. Nos. 36 and 38, 52d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for replacing the revetment of Coon Island (H. Doc. No. 673, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the channel between the mouth of the Willamette and Vancouver (H. Doc. No. 56, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); the acts of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel on the west side of Swan Island, of February 27, 1911, for two pipe line dredges and accessories, and of July 25, 1912, for the present channel dimensions from the mouth of the Columbia River to Port- land, Oreg. (H. Doc. No. 1278, 61st Cong., 3d sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, combined the improvements below Portland, Oreg., and between Vancouver, Wash., and the mouth of the Willamette (without prior report) ; and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for Cathlamet Channel (H. Doc. No. 120, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1911, page 2606, and House Document No. 879, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging was done by the United States during the year at Flavel, Upper Sands, Tongue Point, No. 2 Beacon, Harrington Point, Pillar Rock, Puget Island, Pancake Point, Fisher Island, Walker Island, La Du, Slaughters, Dobelbower, Hunter, Kalama, Martin Island, St. Helens, Henrici, Willow, and Morgan Bars in the Columbia River. Dredging was done to a depth of 30 to 33 feet. The width of cuts was 300 feet and total length 115,660 feet. The U. S. dredges Multnomah, Wahkiakum, Clatsop, and Chi- nook were used on this work, excavating a total of 7,324,085 cubic yards. The cost of this maintenance dredging was $345,652.94. Two dikes 1,050 and 250 feet long (new work) were constructed at Henrici Bar, costing $8,822.55 and $6,910.45, respectively. Other work consisted in repairs to plant, surveys, etc. All work was done by hired labor with Government plant. The total amount expended during the fiscal year was $387,379.35, of which $15,733 was for new work and $371,646.35 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All new work of dredging was completed in 1918. Seven new dikes have been constructed and old works repaired where necessary. All new dikes except one, which needs some repairs, are in good condition. The project as a whole is RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1863 about 73 per cent completed, the work remaining to be done is the construction of permanent works where dredging is found to be ineffective. Recent surveys show least depths at low water for the principal reaches of the ship channel as follows: F.ort Stevens to mouth of Willamette River, June, 1919, 29 feet. Willamette River, below Portland, June, 1919, 30 feet. Columbia River, mouth of Willamette to Vancouver, May, 1919, 19 feet. From Portland to the sea a draft of 30 feet is usually practicable from March to July; 27 feet, August to October; and 28 feet, Novem- ber to February, inclusive. The gage readings necessary to accom- modate these drafts are approximately 2, 3, and 3 feet, respectively. From Vancouver drafts of 24, 18, and 19 feet are usually practicable during the same periods and necessary available gage heights are about 7, 1, and 2 feet, respectively. The total expended under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $2,285,061.04, of which $976,480.65 was for new work and $1,308,580.39 for mainte- nance, not including $24,319.82 expended for maintenance from con- tributed funds. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of House Document No. 1278, Sixty-first Congress, third session, adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, this project is conditioned upon the fol- lowing described cooperation by the port of Portland: That the port of Portland shall assist in the work of improving and main- taining the channel in the Columbia River and shall be solely responsible for obtaining and maintaining the project channel in the Willamette River, not in- cluding the west channel at Swan Island. This cooperation was approved by the Secretary of War June 29, 1915, and is being carried out by the port of Portland, which has at present four pipe-line dredges to assist when needed in maintain- ing the channel in the Columbia and to take care of all work on the 30-foot channel in the Willamette River. Urnder previous and exist- ing projects up to December 31, 1918, about 42,349,000 cubic yards of material had been removed from various bars by the port of Port- land dredges at an approximate cost of $2,185,000, and about $368,000 has been expended by the port in the construction of dikes- for the improvement of the channel. The port of Portland also contrib- uted $16,819.82, which was expended for maintenance dredging. While not required by law, under the existing project the port of Vancouver besides contributing $7,500 for operation of U. S. dredge Oregon has expended about $15,000 in construction of dikes for im- provement of the channel below Vancouver and about $5,000 for relief dredging under previous projects. Terminal facilities.-At Portland there are under public owner- ship, 4 terminals for general cargo, a boat landing and public levee, a grain. elevator of 1,000,000 bushel capacity under construction, a 10,000-ton floating dry dock, and a bulk coaling station. Under pri- vate ownership but open to all on equal terms are 14 general cargo, 14 grain and flour, 12 lumber, 4 crude oil, and 2 coal. terminals, be- sides outfitting and storage wharves. The berthing capacity of all terminals is at present 39,080 linear feet. All the principal ter- minals are connected, through the Terminal Company with the 7 railroads serving the port. At Astoria there is a large municipal terminal and 22 private docks for general cargo open to the public as follows: 4 with a frontage of 1864 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 1,790 feet; 7 canneries, 3 lumber docks, and 8 coal, oil, flour, and lumber docks with a total frontage of 4,810 feet. The total frontage of all private wharves is 6,600 feet. At Vancouver, Wash., and small towns on the Columbia River be- tween Portland and Astoria there are sufficient private facilities to accommodate the river steamers, and at six points there are large sawmill docks used entirely for the shipment of lumber in ocean carriers. These facilities with the planned extensions now under construc- tion by the city of Portland are considered adequate for the present needs of commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement of the Columbia and lower Willamette Rivers antedates the construction of the railroad between Portland and Astoria, so that no reduction in freight rates for this section of railroad can be shown. The effects of improve- ment are a saving in freights that would have to be paid if the same commerce were handled by rail between Portland and Astoria and vice versa instead of by deep-draft vessels. The savings on all com- modities can not be estimated accurately, but may be taken for the items listed in the table below which is prepared with the aid of in- formation furnished by the Portland Chamber of Commerce. The figures are based on tonnage for 1914 (before the war upset trade routes), and show the annual saving on the items listed: Fuel oil, 698,657 tons, saving 85 cents per ton_ $593, 858 Lumber, 936,062 tons, saving 33 cents per ton______ 308, 900 Cement, 56,253 tons, saving 50 cents per ton_________________________ 28, 126 Flour, sugar, and hardware, 1.76,528 tons, saving 85 cents per ton____ 151, 748 Merchandise, 140,225 tons, saving $3 per ton___________________ 420, 675 Total annual saving for these items____________________ 1, 503, 307 In addition to this amount there are undoubtedly large savings in the shipment of wheat, barley, etc., which are exported in large quan- tities from this district. Doubtless the admitting of deep-draft vessels 100 miles inland to Portland has had an indirect effect on rail rates from the interior to Puget Sound. The improvement has greatly increased the draft of vessels that can ascend to Portland and Vancouver, and has enabled steamship lines to operate on regular schedules. Proposed operations.- It is proposed to expend the funds avail- able as follows: New work: Dikes at Willow, Martin Island and Slaughters hars___ $100, 000 Purchase and construction of plant _______________ 37, 000 Engineering and contingencies__- 11, 000 $148, 000 Maintenance: Operation and repair pipe-line dredges Multnomah and Wa kiakuern ....__ _ _ _ __- 247, 000 Operation and repair hopper dredge Clatsop__ __. 130, 000 Operation and repair tug Mendell and surveys- --- 26,000 Repairs to existing works. _ __ 20, 000 Work at United States moorings _ 18, 000 Engineering and contingencies_ 47, 300 488, 300 Total _______ 636,300 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1865 The funds will be exhausted about July 31, 1920. The funds for which estimate is submitted is for new work and maintenance dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, as follows: New work: Construction of dikes _ ____________---- $225, 000 Engineering and contingencies___ _--------- 22, 000 $247, 000 Maintenance: Operation and repair pipe-line dredges Multnomah and Wahkiakum-- _----------------------------- 209, 000 Operation and repair of hopper dredge Clatsop--------- 110, 000 Operation and repair tug Mendell and surveys 22, 000 -------- Repairs to existing works---------------------------- 20, 000 Work at United States moorings-------------------- 10, 000 Engineering and contingencies- - 37, 000 408, 000 Total -------------- _ ___ _ _ _ 6 55; 000 The estimate for maintenance is larger than the average for the past five years due to the fact that new work of dredging has been completed, and all dredging is now for maintenance, also to the great increase in the cost of labor and materials. Recommended modifications of project.-None References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-About 42 per ceift of the ocean-going com- merce required the full project depth for its accommodation. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats are 28 feet for foreign- bound steamers, 24 feet for foreign-bound sailing vessels, 15 feet for foreign-bound gasoline boats, 27 feet for domestic steamers, 22 feet for domestic sailing vessels, 9 feet for domestic gasoline boats, and 7 feet for inland river vessels. Of 1,970,866 tons of freight carried by ocean-going vessels dur- ing the calendar year 1918, it is estimated that 8 per cent was handled by steamers to and from foreign ports, 3 per cent by sailing vessels to and from foreign ports, 2' per cent by gasoline boats to and from foreign ports, 75 per cent by domestic steamers, 10 per cent by domestic sailing vessels, and 2 per cent by domestic gasoline boats. The balance, 3,690,171 tons, was handled by 70 inland river vessels. 10 per cent by freight and passenger boats, and 90 per cent by tow boats. Comparative statem,ent. Ocean-going. Inland. Total. Calen- dar year. Short tons. Value. gssen-short year.Passehort tons. Value. tons. Value. asen- hort tons. Value. Psn- gers. gers. rers. 1914.. 2,719,080 $68,042,038 ........ 5,321,183 $31,976,255 ......... 8,013,263 $100,018,293 . 1915.. 2,513,521 86,053,771 123,8'8 4,66, 934 26,896,332 301,869 7,208, 455 112,950,103 425,717 1916.. 2,293,592 61,969,174 52,210 4,217,387 38,550,006 279,486 6,510,979 100,519,180 331, 696 1917.. 2,357,863 95,167,069 60,665 4,326,681 48,401,353 265,834 6,684,544 143, 571,422 326,499 1918.. 1,970,866 77,419,048 16,992 3,690,171 57,071,361 259,754 5,661,037 .134,490,409 276,746 The principal commodities moved during the year in foreign ex- ports were flour, Iunmber, and table-food preparations; in foreign im- ports they were coal, copra, equipmnen for vessels, grain, hardwood, and wool. The domestic commodities consisted mainly of asphaltum, barley, ccment, flour, fruits and vegetables, logs, lumber, merchan- 1866 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. dise, crude and refined petroleum, paper, salt, and sugar. The in- land river vessels handled quantities of building materials, fish, grains, iron and steel, logs, lumber, merchandise, mill feed, oil for fuel, paper, piling, pulp, sand and gravel, stone, and wood. No regular lines of vessels to and from foreign ports operated here during the calendar year. The foreign cargoes were carried in vessels chartered for single voyages. The reason for the decrease in traffic is that five steamers which operated coastwise regularly from the Columbia River were taken from this district; three commandeered for war service, and two because larger tonnage could be obtained elsewhere. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $38,068.81: New work -------------------------------------------- $2, 505, 893. 79 Maintenance ------- ---- ___ -__-___ __-__ 2, 523, 445. 18 Net total expended______________----------------- 5, 029, 338. 97 Net total expended _______ -____-________-___ 15, 029, 338. 97 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $140,307.47 $151, 681.70 $30,788.80 $58,750.04 $15,733.00 Expended for maintenance 1............... 177,312.49 135, 927.70 261,337.41 315,514.09 371,646.35 Total expended 1................... 317,61996 287,609.40 292,126.21 374,264.13 387,379.35 Appropriated or allotted................... 650,000.00 ........... 360,000.00 310,000.00 845,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_________ ____ $185, 970. 01 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918------------------------------------------------------ 250, 000.00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919------------------------------------------------------595, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ______________ 28, 566. 76 1, 059, 536. 77 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: 2 For new work________________-___-- _______ $15, 733.00 For maintenance--------------------------- 371, 646. 35 387, 379. 35 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____________------ 672, 157. 42 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities __________-------_ 35, 823. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $488,334.42 available only for maintenance--------------- __--. __ -_ 636, 334. 42 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------- 31, 875, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work_______________------------------- 8 247, 000. 00 For maintenance ---------------------------------------- 8408, 000. 00 Total _ --------------------------------------- 8655, 000. 00 1In addition $24,319.82 was expended from contributed funds. SNot dediucting receipts from sales, etc. 8Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1867 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $111,677.40: New work------------------ $15, 949, 416. 74 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 4, 817, 822. 14 Net total expended__________________________ __ 120 , 767, 238. 88 Total appropriations to date of this report ________-_________ 21, 544, 920. 39 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1............ 31,557, 195. 92 $1,317, 525.98 $932, 718. 35 $77, 881.10 $15, 733. 00 Expended for maintenance 1......... 323, 607.26 276, 694.06 395, 474.28 466,600.34 514, 246. 96 Si i i Total expended I.............. 1,880,803.18 1,594,220.04 1,328,192.63 544,481.44 529,979.96 -- ----- -~L-L- -- j=--cc- Appropriated or allotted............. 3,150,000.00 .............. 1,560,000.00 310, 000. 00 845,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended______________________________ $400, 346. 49 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 --------------------- 250, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 595, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_ 62, 314. 98 1.307. 661. 47 .June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: 2 For new work_------------------- $15, 733. 00 For maintenance------------------------------__ 514, 246. 96 529, 979. 96 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------------------ 777, 681. 51 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------------------------------37, 551. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $488,334.42 available only for maintenance_________-____________ ___ 740, 130. 51 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ________________--___-__--- 1, 875, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work ------------------------------- ------ 247, 000. 00 For maintenance________________________________________ 8573, 000. 00 Total _ _ _------------------ ------ 820, 000. 00 WILLAMETTE RIVER ABOVE PORTLAND AND AT WILLAMETTE FALLS, YAMHILL, AND CLATSKANIE RIVERS, OREG.; COWLITZ, LEWIS, AND GRAYS RIVERS, WASH. (GROUP B). 3. CLATSKANIE RIVER, OREG. (B1). Location and description.-The Clatskanie River rises in the Coast Range in the State of Oregon, flows northwesterly about 28 miles, and empties through Beaver and Wallace Sloughs into the Columbia River 65 miles below Portland. The drainage area is about 100 square miles and the estimated low-water discharge during Septem- 2Not 1 In addition $524,319.82 was expended from contributed funds. deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8 Exclusive of available funds. 1868 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. .ber and October is about 100 to 150 second-feet. The stream is tidal to Clatskanie, 1 miles, and the fall per mile at low water is small. The average width between the banks is about 75 feet. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6152. Original condition.-The river was winding, with numerous sharp bends and a minimum usable depth ranging from about 2 to 5 feet at low water. Clatskanie, about 21 miles above the mouth, was and is the head of navigation. The stream was used for logging for a farther distance of about 12 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and the amount expended there- under, previous to beginning work under the existing project in 1911, was $12,675.47, of which $11,807.37 was for new work and $868.10 for maintenance. For further details of previous project, see page 2000, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at low water, with bottom width of 40 feet from the mouth to Clatskanie, about 1 miles. The variation of water level due to tides, is about 4 feet, and to freshets about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1910 is $4,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate of cost for annual maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for improvement below Clatskanie (H. Doc. No. 218, 55th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging from Clatskanie to the rail- road bridge (H. Doc. No. 633, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of July 18, 1918, provided for maintenance from the mouth to Clat- skanie, without prior printed report. For latest published map, see House Document No. 698, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the months of July, 1918, and May and June, 1919, 7 snags and 14,673 cubic yards of material were removed from the channel between Clatskanie and the railroad bridge, about three-fourths of a mile, at a field cost of $4,575.33. Below the railroad bridge the overhanging brush was cleared from the banks at a field cost of $85.22. The work was for maintenance and was done by hired labor with Government plant. The total amount expended was $3,800.15 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1910. The controlling depth to the town of Clatskanie is about 4 feet at low water. The total amount expended under, the existing project was $10,509.28, of which $3,729.93 was for new work and $6,779.35 for maintenance. Local cooperation.--The existing project contains no conditions -Clatskanie, requiring local cooperation. The Columbia Agricultural Co. and the citizens of however, subscribed funds which were ex- pended in dredging. a cut-off of project width and depth and ap- proximately 1,000 feet long across a bend near the mouth of the river and in other dredging in Clatskanie River and Beaver Slough. Terminal facilities.-A dock and warehouse at Clatskanie is owned by the transportation company operating on the stream, and as the traffic is local, the terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. A public landing is provided for gasoline boats and small craft. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1869 Effect of improvement.-The improvement provides a cheaper and more direct means of transportation to the country about Clatskanie than does the railroad. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be exhausted about March 31, 1920, and will be expended, as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender- - -- $390 The funds for which estimate is submitted are for maintenance dredging during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender 200 $--------------$2, Engineering and contingencies-_ 300 Total ------ 2, 500 The estimate for additional funds is necessary on account of the amount of sediment and other debris deposited in the stream during freshets. The estimate is larger than the average expended for main- tenance for the last five years, as the funds were insufficient to do the work needed and also due to the increase in cost of operations. Recommended modifications of project.-A project for obtaining and maintaining by dredging a channel 6 feet deep and 40 feet wide from Clatskanie to the Columbia River at an estimated cost of $4,620, with $2,000 annually for maintenance, is now before Con- gress (H. Doc. No. 698, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-About 25 per cent of the commerce re- quired the full project depth for its accommodation. The usual limit of draft for a loaded boat using the improved section of the river is 41 feet. Of the total freight traffic during the calendar year 1918 25 per cent was moved over the improved section of the river by one inland freight and passenger boat, and 75 per cent (logs) was han- dled by five inland towboats over a section of the river where im- provement is not necessary. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1914.......... 8,565 $478,633 882 1917.......... 15,924 $1,146,404 2,142 1915.......... 9,490 399, 035 678 1918.......... 53, 973 1, 568, 812 2, 350 1916.......... 13,907 446,639 606 The principal commodities moved during the year were grains, hay, iron and steel, logs, lumber, merchandise, mill feed, oil for fuel, shin- gles, and vegetables. The increase in the commerce was due to new logging operations and increased farming area. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,586.83: New work----------------------------------------------- $15, 537. 30 Maintenance ---------- -------------------------------- 7, 647. 45 Net total expended _-- -------- 23, 184. 75 Total appropriations to date of this report- 24, 875. 47 1870 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year endling June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Exprn led for n-- T ork.............. ........... ............ ........ Exp. iied for m.tint n nce ............ $ 1.37 $1,253.60 8811.74 $38.75 $3,800.15 Appropriated or alltted................... 1,006.00 ............ 1,000.00 1,000.00 3,000.00 I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ---------------------------- .. $1, 724. 27 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_ 1, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 --- -- ------------------------------------------ 2, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_________________ 766. 60 5, 490. 87 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 1 for maintenance_ 3, 800. 15 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_- ____ 1, 690. 72 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities -------- 1, 291. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance ___-____-__ 399. 72 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance _________________--------------------------------2, 500.00 4. WILLAMETTE RIVER ABOVE PORTLAND AND YAMHILL RIVER, OREG. (B2). Location and description.-The Willamette River rises in the Cas- cade Range in southwestern Oregon, flows northerly, and empties into the Columbia River about 100 miles from the sea. Its length from the source of the middle fork is about 294 miles; drainage area, about 11,000 square miles; low-water period, below the falls at Ore- gon City, 26 miles above the mouth, October to January-discharge about 6,000 second-feet; high-water period, March to July-dis- charge from 200,000 to 400,000 second-feet; tidal changes vary from 2 feet at the mouth to zero 23 miles above the mouth. Above the falls at Oregon City the low-water period is August to November- discharge 5,000 second-feet; high water, January to March-dis- charge at extreme high water 400,000 second-feet. River slope: Eugene to Corvallis (53 miles), 2.5 to 5 feet per mile; Corvallis to Newberg (811 miles), 1 to 2.5 feet per mile; Newberg to Portland (37 miles), 0.05 to 0.1 foot per mile at low water. The Yamhill River rises in the Coast Range, flows easterly, and empties into the Willamette River about 42 miles above Portland. Its length from the source of the south fork is about 52 miles; drainage area, about 760 square miles; low and high water periods, as in Willamette River.above Oregon City; low-water discharge, 100 second-feet; river slope, McMinnville to mouth (18 miles), 14 feet at low water. Original condition.-The mouth of the Yamhill River 42 miles above Portland, was formerly the head of low-water navigation on the Willamette River, with a minimum usable depth of 21 feet at low water. Above this point the controlling depth was but 1 foot. The least depth at low water between Portland and Oregon City was 3 feet. Dayton, 5 miles above the mouth, was the head of low-water navigation on the Yamhill. For logging purposes the Willamette River was used for a distance of 209 miles above its mouth and the 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1871 Yamhill River about 50 miles above its mouth. The Willamette River was obstructed by drift, snags, rock ledges, rapids, and gravel shoals, which hindered navigation during low-water stages. Similar conditions existed on the Yamhill River. Previous projects.-The original project for the Willamette River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modi- fied by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, to include the improvement of the Yamhill River. The amount expended there- under was $247,747.51 for new work prior to beginning.work under the existing project in 1896. For further details of previous projects see page 1997 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in the Willamette River 6 feet deep at low water and 150 to 200 feet wide from Port- land to the head of Clackamas Rapids, 111 miles; thence 6 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide to Oregon City, 12 miles; thence ? to 31 feet at low water to Corvallis, 106 miles; thence snagging to Harrisburg, 33 miles, the removal of Copleys Rock, 9 miles above Portland, and necessary dredging, snagging, dike, and revetment work; and for a channel in the Yamhill River 4 feet deep at low water and 60 feet wide from its mouth to McMinnville, 18 miles, to be secured by means of a lock and dam near Lafayette, and the re- moval of obstructions. LOCK AND DAM ON YAMIHILL RIVER. Location: 11 miles from Lafayette, Oreg., 8 miles above the mouth. Lock dimensions: One lock, 210 by 40 feet. Lift of lock: 16 feet. Depth on miter sills at low water: 4 feet. Character of foundation: Timber piling in clay. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Timber crib. Date of completion: September 21, 1900. Cost: $72,164.83. For the Willamette River, below the falls at Oregon City, ordinary fluctuation of stage of water is 15 feet and the extreme fluctuation due to flood conditions 35 to 50 feet. Above Oregon City the ordi- nary fluctuation is 12 to 20 feet and the extreme is 20 to 37 feet. For the Yamhill River the ordinary fluctuation is 35 feet and the ex- treme 48 feet. Tidal changes vary from 2 feet at the mouth of the Willamette to zero 23 miles above the mouth. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1904, is $303,216.68, exclusive of the amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1904) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $36,300. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the improvement of Willamette River above Oregon City (H. Doc. No. 260, 54th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 3309) and Yamhill River (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3602) ; and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the Willamette River below Oregon City (H. Doc. No. 438, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The project was modified in 1904 by aban- doning the 20-mile stretch of the river between Harrisburg and Eugene as unworthy of improvement (Annual Report for* 1904, p. 3529). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, page 2260. 125851-E NG 1919---118 1872 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations have con- sisted in the removal by dredging of 23,728 cubic yards of sand and gravel from the shoal bars on the Willamette River between Weston Landing and Jennings (36 miles), and 3,182 cubic yards of sand and gravel from the Yamhill lock bar, in the Yamhill River, 8 miles above its mouth, at a total field cost of $8,982.38, and in snagging and removing overhanging trees between Halfmoon Bend and Cham- poeg (82 miles), on the Willamette River, at a cost of $4,593.71. Re- pairs to the lower spur dike at Wheatland were completed at a cost of $787.46. The new hull for the dipper dredge Champoeg was com- pleted; the upper works transferred from the old hull and the ma- chinery installed at a cost of $4,062.35. All of this work was done with hired labor and Government plant. A new boiler for the com- bined dredge and snag boat Jlatlhloma was completed under contract at a cost of $7,320. All of this work was for maintenance. The amount expended during the year was $30,414.80 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam in the Yamhill River were completed September 21, 1900, at a total actual cost of $72,164.83. Snagging has been carried on between Harrisburg and Corvallis on the Willamette River, snagging and dredging between McMinnville and the mouth on the Yamhill River, and snagging, dredging, and the construction of auxiliary training works between Corvallis and Oregon City on the Willamette River. The control- ling depths at low water at the end of the year were 6 feet between Portland. and Oregon City, 2J feet between Oregon City and Salem on the Willamette River (59 miles), and from the mouth to McMinn- ville (18 miles) on the Yamhill River. Although the project depth has been obtained above Salem, traffic is carried on between Salem and Corvallis (47 miles) only at higher stages of water. This is on account of the increased river slope above Salem. The project channel between Oregon City and Portland was obtained in 1914 by dredging and the removal of Copeleys Rock and has since been main- tained. Loaded boats plying between Portland and Oregon City draw from 2 to 5 feet; from Oregon City to Corvallis about 2 feet all the year round. The project above Oregon City is about 75 per cent complete. Bank revetments at Albany and Salem remain to be constructed when conditions require. The total amount expended on the existing project was $718,243.86 of which $250,330.71 was for new work and $467,913.15 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Apart from the terminal and transfer facili- ties at Portland, Oreg., which are described on page 1863, there are no public terminal facilities on the Willamette and Yamhill Rivers between Portland and points above. The bulk of the upper river commerce is handled on small docks leased from private parties. These docks are served by good county roads. In places where there are no docks, passengers and freight are received and deposited on the banks of the river. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered possible regular light-draft steamboat traffic between Portland and Corvallis on the Willamette River and between the mouth and Dayton on the Yamhill River during the entire year; also between Corvallis and RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1873 Harrisburg on the Willamette River and between Dayton and Mc- Minnville on the Yamhill River for about 9 months of the year. This resulted in reducing the railroad rates at points where rail and water transportation meet. Class rates were customary on the upper river until this season. The present system of a flat rate for all classes prevents a practical comparison of charges. Proposedoperations.-The funds available will be exhausted about June 30, 1920, and will be expended as follows: Installing new boiler in dredge Mathloma------------------------ $1, 853 Operation and repair of dredges Mathloma and Champoeg and launch Salem---------__ . ------------------------------------ 33, 302 Repairs to revetments, dams, etc-------------------------------- 5, 000 Construction of and repairs to dikes----------------------------- 6,212 Engineering and contingencies---------------------------------- 5, 200 Total----- ------------------------------------------- 51, 567 The funds for which estimate is submitted are for maintenance for the period July 1, 1920, to June 30, 1921, as follows: Operation and repair of dredges Mathloma and Champoeg and launch Salem ....------------------------- _ --- $32,30 Repairs to dams, revetments, etc----------------------------- 5, 000 Construction of and repairs to dikes----------------------------- 4, 000 Engineering and contingencies --------------------------------- 4,200 Total ------------------------------------------------ 45, 500 The estimate is in excess of the average expended on maintenance during the last five years due to increasing cost of operating and ma- terials. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Of the total commerce, about 30 per cent required the full project depth below Oregon City, and about 5 per cent the full project depth above Oregon City for its accommodation. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats using the improved sec- tions of the river are 5 feet for those operating below Oregon City and 2 feet for those operating above Oregon City. Of the total freight traffic-632,395 tons-during the calendar year 1918, about 70 per cent was handled by 20 towboats on a section of the river at Portland, Oreg., where improvement is not necessary. Of the balance, 189,718 tons, carried on the improved sections of the river, it is estimated that 85 per cent was handled below Oregon City by five freight and passenger and five towboats, and 15 per cent above Oregon City by four freight and passenger and two towboats. The total traffic for the year 1918 was handled by 30 inland steamers, 5 of which were freight and passenger and 25 towing. Comparative statement. Calendar year Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers.. 1914.......... 516,552 $8,978,320 21,323 1917.......... 491,901 $13, 705, 306 6, 088 1915.......... 560, 560 8,828,079 21, 598 1918.......... 395 632, 11,779, 169 1,131 1916.......... 663,183 11,240,563 12,168 The principal commodities moved during the year were flour, grains, iron and steel, lime, plaster and cement, logs, lumber, mna- 1874 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. chinery, merchandise, oil for fuel, paper, pulp, sand and gravel, vegetables, and general miscellaneous. On February 4, 1919, the Capital City Navigation Co., of Port- land, Oreg., began operating a new steamboat line on the river be- tween Portland and Independence, a distance of 83 miles, and laid off their boats May 1 on account of lack of downstream freight. It is understood that a line of boats will be started shortly to handle the fall crops. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,135.22: New work- ------------ ------- --------------- $498, 078. 22 Maintenance ---------------------------- 467, 913. 15 Net total expended --------------------------------- 965, 991. 37 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 1, 022, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ......................... .... .......... . ..... ....... Expended for maintenance .............. 34,619.41 22,309.51 28,549.66 32,180.70 30,414.80 Appropriated or allotted. ............ 50,50000............47,000.00 36,300.00 54,000.00 1 Noi deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended --------------------------- $29, 129. 52 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 54, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-----------------3, 593. 91 86,723. 43 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 30, 414. 80 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_--- --------- ------ 56, 308. 63 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities__--- ---------- 4, 741. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, for maintenance ____- -__-____ 51, 567.63 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------- -------- 52, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance -___-_---__-------------- 45, 500. 00 5. WILLAMETTE RIVER AT WILLAMETTE FALLS, OREG. (B3). Location and description.-The Falls of the Willamette are situ- ated near Oregon City Oreg., about 13 miles above Portland. This obstruction to navigation was overcome by a canal and locks on the west side of the falls, completed in 1873, and owned and operated by private interests. For description of the Willamette River see page 1870. Original condition.-The falls poured over a horseshoe-shaped rocky reef, the vertical distance between low-water levels above and below was about 41 feet. The governing depth through canal and locks was 3 feet at low water, subsequently reduced to 2 feet by the drop of low-water plane below the falls, due to the improvement of Clackamas Rapids by the United States. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1875 Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the purchase, rehabilitation, and deepening to 6 feet at low water of the existing canal and locks and the separation of the canal from the water-power intake by the construction of a concrete division wall. This system consists of a canal basin 1,250 feet long above the flight of four locks with a guard lock at its upper end and an upper entrance 1,000 feet long, making the total length, including the locks and entrance, of about 3,500 feet. The following data are given concerning the locks and dam: LOCKS AND DAM ON WILLAMETTE RIVER. Location: At Willamette Falls, near Oregon City, Oreg., 25 miles above the mouth. Lock dimensions: 1 Series of 4 locks, each 210 by 40 feet. Lift of each lock: 2 10.25 feet. Depth on miter sills at low water: 6 feet. Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Concrete. Year of completion: 1873. Purchased by United States April 26, 1915. Cost: Unknown; purchase price, $375,000. The ordinary fluctuation of the stage of water above the locks is 12 feet, and the extreme, due to flood conditions, 20 feet. Below the locks the ordinary fluctuation is 15 feet and the extreme 50 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, is $680,000. The locks are being operated under the permanent indefinite appropriation for that purpose (see p. 1888). The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the purchase and rehabilitation of the system and the construction of the concrete division wall (H. Doc. No. 202, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 4374), and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the deepening of the locks (H. Doc. No. 1060, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The last-mentioned document contains the latest published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of deepening the canal and locks to 6 feet below low water plane was continued and 4,821 cubic yards of solid rock were removed by subaqueous blast- ing and dredging at a cost of $33,542.77. Remodeling of the locks was continued, necessary cribwork, new wall linings, and fenders being installed at a cost of $14,376.10. All of this was new work and was done by hired labor with Government plant. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $57,280.79 for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal and locks were pur- chased April 26, 1915, for $375,000. Quarters have been built for the lockmaster and assistants, and a concrete wall 1,227 feet long vary- ing in height from 12 to 55 feet has been constructed. This wall cuts off the water formerly supplied to the power plants through the lock canal. The old gates (7 pairs) have been replaced by new 1A guard lock, 210 by 40 feet, which is used only at higher stages of water, is located at the upper end of the canal basin. 2 A concrete division wall, 1,227 feet long, extending from Lock No. 4 to the guard lock, separates the upper basin of the canal from the headrace, which formerly led directly from the basin and supplied water for the power plants operated by the Crown Willamette Paper Co. and the Portland Railway, Light & Power Co. * The dam is owned by private parties. 1876 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. wooden gates. The canal and locks have been deepened, the least depth being now 41 feet at low water in the canal and 6 feet in the locks. The work remaining to be done consists in deepening the canal to 6 feet at low water and completing wall lining and new fenders in the canal and locks. About 97 per cent of the project has been accomplished. It is estimated that the available funds will be exhausted by December 31, 1919, and the project will then be about 98 per cent complete. To complete the project, about 2,700 cubic yards of subaqueous rock remain to be removed from the canal. The total amount expended on the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $377,742.45 for new work not including $300,000, ex- pended thereon from funds contributed by the !State of Oregon. The dimensions and other information concerning these locks are given in the paragraph Existing project. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, Congress required a contribution by the State of Oregon of $300,000. This contribution was made under dates of May 6, 1912, and November 19, 1913. Terminal facilities.-See report on Willamette River above Port- land and Yamhill River, Oreg., page 1872. Effect of improvement.-The toll of 50 cents for each ton of freight and 10 cents for each passenger formerly levied by the canal owners on the steamboat companies has been removed. Freight charges on a flat rate basis have been adopted this season on the upper river. For example: The boat rate, Portland to Salem (72 miles by river), is 15 cents per hundredweight for all classes, and the first-class rail rate, Portland to Salem (50 miles), is 30 cents per hundred- weight. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be exhausted about December 31, 1919 and will be expended as follows: Renewing timber work and fenders in canal and locks--------------$604. 60 147 cubic yards loose rock excavation, at $1.50-------------------- 220. 50 1,256 cubic yards subaqueous rock excavation, at $7---------------8, 792. 00 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------- 1, 603. 45 Total ---------------------------- 11,220. 55 The work proposed will provide a least depth of 5 feet through the canal and locks, which is considered sufficient for present needs. For this reason the estimated cost of the existing project has not been modified, and no estimate for additional funds is submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-"Re- building a power and lock canal" containing extracts from a speech by E. Burslem Thomson, assistant engineer, delivered before the Oregon Society of Engineers on the subject of the improvement of the canal and locks at Oregon City, Oreg., is published in the Journal of Electricity, volume 41, No. 5, September 1, 1918. Commercial statistics.-For statement of commerce through the locks see report on operating and care of canal and locks at Wil- lamette Falls, Oreg., page 1889. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1877 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $120.67: New work----------------------------------------------$377, 742. 45 Maintenance- Total appropriation to date of this report------------------------ 380, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1... $376, 449.23 ........ $82, 744.63 $50, 300.42 104,095.57 $57, 280.79 Expended for maintenance 1.. .... . . . . . Appropriated orallotted.................. ....................... ........... 0,000.00...... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-- _________________________ $59, 417. 67 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919___ -___---120. 67 59, 538. 34 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, 2 for new work___ 57, 280. 79 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ------------------------------ 2, 257. 55 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities _- - _---- ---- 1, 337. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available____________- ______-__ ___ 920. 55 Amount received from sale of plant------------------------------10, 300. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920- _____---- - 11, 220. 55 6. LEWIS RIVER, WASH. (B4). Location and description.-The Lewis River rises in the Cascade Range in the State of Washington, flows westerly and southwesterly 110 miles and empties into the Columbia River about 26 miles below Portland. About 34 miles above its mouth the river separates into two branches, the North Fork, about 106 miles, and the East Fork, about 36 miles in length. The drainage area is about 1,070 square miles, and the average minimum discharge during September and October is about 1,300 second-feet at Ariel (Runyon), on the North Fork 30 miles above the mouth. The stream is tidal to La Center, on the East Fork, and to Woodland, on the North Fork, 6a and .7 miles, respectively, above the mouth. The average fall per mile at low water from Woodland to the forks is about 0.90 of a foot, from La Center to the forks about 0.17 of a foot, and from the forks to the mouth of the river about 0.70 of a foot. Average width between banks on the main river about 500 feet and on the East and North Forks from 150 to 200 feet. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 6153 and 6154. Original condition.-The river was obstructed by snags, over- hanging trees, and shoals and was navigable for small, light-draft boats only. La Center, on the East Fork, 6- miles, and Woodland, on the North Fork, 7 miles above the mouth, were the heads of navi- gation, respectively. Logging operations on the North Fork were carried on for about 45 miles above the mouth, SIn addition $300,000 was expended from contributed funds. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1878 REPORT OF CHIIIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and modified by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended thereunder prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1914 was $30,350, of which $22,251.62 was for new work and $8,098.38 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 2001, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a low-water channel 6 feet deep and 50 feet wide to the forks (3" miles); 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide on the East Fork from its mouth to La Center (3 miles); 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide on the North Fork from its mouth to Woodland (3 miles), to be secured by dredging and by the con- struction of regulating works, and for clearing the channel to Run- yon (23 miles above Woodland). The variation of water level due to tides ranges from about 2 feet at the mouth to 1- feet at La Center and zero at Woodland. During freshets a stage of about 18 feet in the main river is reached. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, is $61,500, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects. The latest (1913) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 28, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see page 3557 of Annual Report for 1904. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During September 2,946 cubic yards of material (new work) were removed from the channel, near the railroad bridge across the main river, at a field cost of $767.52. During December, January, February, April, and May 27 snags were removed and 27,079 cubic yards of material (mainte- nance) were dredged from the channel of the East Fork below La Center at a field cost of $5,790.17. During July and August the balance of the waling pieces were placed and the tops of piling cut off in the three single pile jetties near Woodland and the four jetties at Bratton Bend (new work), at a field cost of $852.75. All the work was done by hired labor with Government plant. The total amount expended was $18,445.63, of which $3,842.22 was for new work and $14,603.41 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Dredgingto the project depth on the East Fork to La Center and on the North Fork to Woodland was completed in the calendar years 1914 and 1918, respectively. Bank protection and auxiliary regulating works under construc- tion on the North Fork are about 60 per cent completed and the existing project is about 79 per cent completed. The work done has extended the period of low-water navigation to Woodland and La Center, to which points the controlling depths are about 3 feet and 2J feet, respectively. The controlling depth to Runyon in 1909 was about 1 foot at low water. The work remaining to be done consists in dredging, bank revetment, and construction of auxiliary works. The total amount expended under the existing project was $64,265.51; of which $32,077.11 was for new work and $32,188.40 for mainte- nance. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About one-half mile below Woodland the county authorities have expended approxi- mately $10,000 on bank revetment and the Lewis River Boom & RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1879 Logging Co. built three pile and brush jetties about 1 mile above the mouth at an estimated cost of $1,500. Terminal facilities.-At La Center on the East Fork and at Wood- land on the North Fork, respectively, the terminals, pile and tim- ber structures, are publicly owned and are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document'No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Freight rates to La Center have been reduced by at least $1 per ton, the transfer and rehandling of freight formerly necessary during the low-water period of the East Fork having been eliminated. The improvement of the North Fork has extended the period of low-water navigation, thus absorbing the transfer charge of $1 per ton at Pekin Landing, below Woodland. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be exhausted about November 30, 1919, and will be expended as follows: New work: Construction of wing dams, bank revetment, etc.--------------- $4, 300 Engineering and contingencies 20 4---------------------- 4, 720 Maintenance: Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender ---- $5, 700 Construction of and repairs to wing dams, etc.----------- 2, 000 Engineering and contingencies------------------ 800 8, 500 Total __----- ______ _ -- 13, 220 The funds for which estimate is submitted are for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, as follows: New work: Construction of wing and closing dams, bank revetment, etc.---- $5, 000 Engineering and contingencies -------------------------------- 500 5, 500 Maintenance : Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender----- $4, 800 Construction of and repairs to wing dams, etc.-----------2, 000 Engineering and contingencies-------------------------- 700 7, 500 Total _ ----------------------------------------------- 13, 000 Maintenance of the improvement is necessary on account of the amount of sediment and debris deposited annually in the stream. No maintenance work was done during 1915 on account of shortage of funds and lack of suitable plant. The estimate is larger than the average expended for maintenance for the last five years, and, in view of the increase in cost of labor and materials, is necessary to properly maintain the improved channel and auxiliary works, and make repairs to plant. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not prev'iously reported.-None. Commercial statistics--Of the total commerce about 10 per cent required the full project depth to La Center and about 6 per cent the full project depth to Woodland for its accommodation. The balance, 84 per cent, required the full project depth for 1 mile above the mouth of the river. The usual limit of draft for a loaded boat op- erating to La Center is 21 feet; to Woodland, 3 to 4 feet; towing 1880 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. logs from near the mouth of the river, 6 feet. Of the total freight traffic during the calendar year 1918, 16 per cent was handled by two inland freight and passenger boats and 84 per cent (all logs) by four inland towboats. Comparative statement. Calendaryear Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 114 .......... 46,211 $1, 399,557 4, 354 1917........ 25,262 $562, 268 1.536 1915...........22,525 1,554,924 6,810 1918..........91,574 2,292,351 2,881 1916.......... 50,922 658 1,147, 5,500 The principal commodities moving during the year were hay, live stock, logs, mill feed, and vegetables. The increase in commerce was due to resumption of logging operations. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,598.82: New work__ __-_____ $54,328. 73 Maintenance-_-___-_ 40, 286. 78 Net total expended _____________________________ 94, 615. 51 Total appropriations to date of this report_______________________ 107, 850. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.......... $4, 613. 78 $, 015.57 $7, 66. 42 $9, 947.93 $, 842. 22 Expended for maintenance ............... ....... 8, 954. 90 5, 026. 9 4, 369. 80 14, 603. 41 Total expended .................. 4,613. 78 1.0,970.47 53. 31 12,8 14,317.73 18,45.63 12,500.00 ............ Appropriated or allotted ................... 11,50000 18, 18,00. 00 25,50.CO 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended _____________-__----__--- __-_-$5, 413. 52 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918_ 18, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919___- 7, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919--------- 766. 60 31, 680. 12 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work_ ----------------------------------- $3, 842.22 For maintenance _________________________--- -_ 14, 603. 41 18, 445. 63 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended__-------------------------------- 13, 234. 49 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities 14. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $8,500 available only for maintenance------------------------------------------------ 13, 220. 49 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_-------------------------------- 24,700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work------------------------------------ 5, 500. 00 For maintenance -2 7, 500. 00 Total ---------------------- 213, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, ate. 2 Exclusive of available funs. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1881 7. COWLITZ RIVER, WASH. (B5). Location and description.-The Cowlitz River rises in the Cascade Range in the State of Washington, flows westerly and southerly about 120 miles, and empties into the Columbia River about 45 miles below Portland. The drainage area is about 2,460 square miles and the low-water discharge at Toledo, about 37 miles above the mouth, during September is about 1,300 second-feet. The stream is tidal to Ostrander, about 9 miles above the mouth, and the average fall per mile at low water from Toledo to Castle Rock is about 3.3 feet, from Castle Rock to Ostrander about 2.5 feet, and from Ostrander to the mouth about 0.30 of a foot. The average width between the banks is about 1,000 feet near the mouth and 500 feet at Toledo. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6153. Original condition.-The river was obstructed by snags, drifts, and shoals, and had a minimum usable low-water depth of about 14 inches. Toledo, 37 miles above the mouth, was the head of regular steamboat navigation. When the river was high, light-draft boats proceeded about 10 miles above Toledo. Logging operations were carried on about 50 miles farther upstream. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and the total amount expended thereunder prior to commencement of work under the existing proj- ect, in 1912, was $53,182.93, of which $4,999 was for new work and $48,183.93 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 2000 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide from the mouth to Ostrander (9 miles), thence 21 feet deep and 50 feet wide to Castle Rock (10 miles), and thence 21 feet deep at low water and not less than 40 feet wide to Toledo (18 miles), to be secured by snagging, dredging, and regulating works. The water level, due to tides, varies from 4 feet at the mouth to zero at Ostran- der, and an extreme fluctuation of about 20 feet during freshets. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, is $39,100, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1167, 60th Cong., 2d sess., from the mouth to Castle Rock, and H. Doc. No. 404, 61st Cong., 2d sess., from Castle Rock to Toledo). For latest published map see House Document No. 1167, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-From February 17 to March 13 and from April 15 to 26, 4 snags were removed and 20,380 cubic yards of material were dredged from the channel at the mouth of the river at a field cost of $3,246.26. All this work was for maintenance and was done by hired labor with Government plant. The total amount expended was $5,033.44 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. The controlling depth, April, 1919, between the mouth and Ostrander was about 3 feet, and to Toledo, January, 1918, about 2 feet at low water. During high water the stream is navigable for light-draft boats about 10 miles above Toledo. At extreme low water during September and October steamboat navi- gation above Castle Rock usually is suspended. The total amount 1882 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. expended under the existing project was $76,254.11, of which $33,824.29 was for new work and $42,429.82 was for maintenance. Local cooperation.-No conditions requiring local cooperation have been prescribed by Congress. However, since 1898 persons in- terested in the improvement of the river have furnished the funds for and built a total of approximately 1,900 linear feet of pile, brush, and rock jetties at Monticello, Clarks, Ostrander, Old Lexington, and Big Sandy Bars, at an estimated cost of $8,400. In addition, dredging between Kelso and Ostrander has been done at an estimated cost of $2,000. Terminal facilities.-At Kelso, Castle Rock, and Toledo, respec- tively, the terminals are owned by the transportation company oper- ating on the stream. The docks and wharves are of pile and timber construction and are considered adequate for the present commerce. At Kelso a public landing is provided for the use of barges, gasoline boats, and small craft. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-The channel to Toledo is navigable at a lower stage of water than formerly, and the period during which navigation is not possible and during which freight for Toledo must be brought in by rail to Winlock and by wagon thence to Toledo is thus reduced. The wagon haulage is $2.50 per ton. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be exhausted about February 29, 1920, and will be expended for maintenance as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender------------$4, 400. 00 Construction of and repairs to auxiliary works------------------ 4, 00. 00 Engineering and contingencies---------------------------------998.96 Total ---------------------------------------------- 9, 398. 96 The funds for which estimate is submitted are for maintenance for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender-------------$4, 000 Construction of and repairs to auxiliary works-------------------- 2, 400 Engineering and contingencies-------- -- ------------------------ 600 Total -------------- ----------------------------- 7, 000 The estimate for additional funds is necessary on account of the sediment and other d4bris deposited in the stream during freshets, and damage to auxiliary works. The estimate is larger than the average expended for maintenance for the last five years, but the in- crease is necessary to properly maintain the channel and make repairs to the plant and auxiliary works. The increase is owing to exces- sive repairs to plant and high cost of material and labor. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Of the total commerce, about 3z per cent required the full project depth to Kelso for its accommodation. The balance, 961 per cent, required the full project depth for 9 miles above the mouth of the river. The usual limit of draft for a loaded boat operating to Kelso is 3 to 4 feet; towing logs from near the mouth of the river, 6 feet. Of the total freight traffic during the calendar year 1918, 3 per cent was handled by 2 inland freight and passenger boats and 96 per cent (Iogs and piling) by 11 inland towboats. Tonnage offered did not justify steamboat operations above Kelso. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1883 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. "alendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914........... 221,936 $1,997,322 16,945 1917.......... 310,992 $2, 595,022 4,181 1915........... 194, 325 1, 374,124 4,795 1918.......... 402, 088 3, 530,604 2,151 1916.......... 597,925 3,156, 761 4,980 The principal commodities moved during the year were hay, logs, lumber, merchandise, piling, vegetables, and shingles. The increase in commerce was due to increased logging operations. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,186.83: New work ---------------------------------------- $38, 823.29 Maintenance-- --------------------------------------- 90, 613. 75 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 129, 437. 04 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 138,850. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ...................... ........................ Expended for maintenance 1.............. $,756.74 $5, 390.44 $7, 807.96 $11, 13.40 $5, 032.44 Appropriated or allotted................ 8,500.00 ............ 6, 000.00 11,000.00 12,600.00. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_____ _____ _____________ $1, 079. 79 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918__ 6, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 6,600. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ________________-766. 61 14, 446. 40 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 15, 033. 44 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_____________________________ 9, 412. 96 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities____ ___________________ 14. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance--------------9, 398. 96 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_________________________ 2 7, 000.00 8. SKAMOKAWA CREEK, WASH. (B6). Location and description.-Skamokawa Creek rises in Wahkiakum County, in the southwestern part of the State of Washington, flows southwesterly and southerly about 10 miles, and empties into the Columbia River about 34 miles from the mouth. The creek has three branches, which unite about 1 miles above its mouth. The drainage area is about 40 square miles. The lower portion, 1 miles, of the creek is tidal. The average width between banks on this section of the creek is from 75 feet on the upper portion to about 600 feet near the mouth. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6152. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. $ Exclusive of available funds. 1884 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Original condition.-From the mouth of the stream to the forks, the head of navigation, about li miles, the channel is obstructed by shoals, over which there was a minimum usable depth of about 21 feet at mean low water from Steamboat Slough to Brooks Slough and about 1 foot thence to the head of navigation. Above this point the branches were too small and crooked for navigation. Logging was carried on for a considerable distance above the forks. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 62 feet deep at mean low water and 75 feet wide on the bottom between Steamboat and Brooks Sloughs, about 1,600 feet. The variation of water level due to tides is about 5 feet and to freshets about 12 feet. The latest (1919) approved estimate of cost is $2,400 for new work and $1,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 111, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the month of June 5,055 cubic yards of material were removed from the channel between Brooks Slough and Steamboat Slough, at a cost of $653.03. The work was new work and was done by hired labor with Govern- ment plant. No funds were expended during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 27 per cent completed. The controlling depth is about 2J feet at mean low water. The work remaining to be done consists in dredging. No funds have been expended on the existing project. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are three privately-owned wharves, one on Steamboat Slough and two above Brooks Slough, used for general freight and passenger purposes, and these are considered ade- quate for the present or prospective demands of commerce. Effect of improvement.- The improvement will not materially affect freight rates, but a safer and easier channel will be provided at a lower stage of water than prior to the improvement. Proposed operations.-Thefunds available will be exhausted about July 15, 1919, and will be expended for new work, as follows: Operation and repair to dredge Monticello and tender-______ $2, 100 Engineering and contingencies______ ___________-- 300 Total _____ _____------------------------- 2, 400 The funds for which- estimate is submitted are for maintenance dredging for the fiscal year 1921, as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender_ _____-_ $850 Engineering and contingencies ------------- ---------- 150 Total------------------------------------------------------ 1,000 The estimate for additional funds is submitted, as it is anticipated shoaling will take place on account of the amount of sediment de- posited in the stream during freshets. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-All of the commerce requires the full proj- ect depth for its accommodation. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats using the improved section of the stream are 7 feet for RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1885 those carrying freight and passengers, and 4 to 6 feet-for those towing logs. Of the total freight traffic during the calendar year 1918, about 4 per cent was handled by one inland freight and passenger boat, and 96 per cent (all logs) by 22 inland towboats. Statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918....................................................37,408 $378,139 223 The principal commodities moved during the year were agricul- tural implements and vehicles, gasoline and distillate, logs, lumber, machinery and boilers, mill feed, and shingles. Statistics prior to 1918 not available. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report__ 400. 00 $____________---- Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ....................... ............................. ..... Expended for maintenance........................... Appropriated or allotted ................. .. ....... ...... ................ .......... $2,400.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ $1, 800. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_... 600. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended________________________2, 400. 00 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities____________________________ 602. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available_______________________________ 1, 798. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance___________________-_____--- 11, 000. 00 9. GRAYS RIVER, WASH. (B7). Location and description.-GraysRiver rises in the Coast Range in the State of Washington, flows southwesterly about 30 miles and empties into Grays Bay in the estuary of the Columbia River nearly opposite the city of Astoria. The drainage area is about 130 square miles, and the low-water discharge during July and August is esti- mated at about 120 second-feet. The stream is tidal to Grays River, about 8 miles above the mouth, and the estimated fall per mile at low water is about 0.25 of a foot. The average width between the banks is about 250 feet. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6151. Original condition.--The channel was narrow and winding, ob- structed by snags, logs, overhanging trees, and shoals. The town of SExclusive of available funds. 1886 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Grays River, about 8 miles above the mouth, was the head of steam- boat navigation, to which point there was a minimum usable depth of about 3 feet at mean low water. Logging was carried on for some distance above the town. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags and other obstructions from the channel and overhanging trees from the banks between the mouth and the town of Grays River, 8 miles. The tidal range at the mouth between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is about 8 feet, and the extreme range is about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1907 is $2,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. (R. and H. Com. Doe. No. 1, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done, as no Government plant was available, and no funds were expended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909. The regular steamboat service on the stream is reg- ulated according to the tides, and there is a good navigable channel to the town of Grays River over which a maximum draft of about 3 feet could be carried at mean low water. The total amount ex- pended under the existing project was $4,500, of which $2,500 was for the new work and $2,000 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminals are natural landings or small wharves, privately owned, and are considered adequate for the pres- ent commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Freight rates are not materially affected, but the channel is safe and easy of navigation at a lower stage of water than prior to the improvement. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be sufficient for maintenance to June 30, 1921, and will be expended on snagging and removing overhanging trees from banks. No estimate for the fiscal year 1921 is necessary. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Of the total commerce, about 15 per cent required the full project depth for its accommodation. The balance, 85 per cent, required the full project depth for 3 miles above the mouth of the river. The usual limit of draft for a loaded freight and passenger boat operating on the river is 41 feet; for a towboat, 6 feet. Of the total freight traffic during the calendar year 1918, 15 per cent was handled by 2 inland freight and passenger boats and 85 per cent (all logs) by 10 inland towboats. Comparative statement. Calendar year Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914.......... 143,337 $1,034, 536 10,726 1917..... .... 31,092 $1,027,304 12,000 1915.......... 59,618 663,993 10,000 1918.......... 45,879 1,351,279 10,000 1916.......... 85,235 941,339 10,000 RIVERS AND EIARBORS-SECOfND PORTLAND OREG., DISTRICT. 1887 The principal commodities moved during the year were dairy products, hay, iron and steel, logs, lumber, machinery, merchandise, fmill-feed, vegetables, and shingles. The increase in tonnage was :due to increased logging operations. Financial summary. =Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work --------------------------------------------- $2, 500 Maintenance ------ .. . . . -2, 000 Net total expended 4, 500 Total appropriations to date of this report __---_---- 5, 500 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.... ........................................ ............ Expended for maintenance............... ' $438.78 ....... 62.77............... 6...7. Appropriated or allotted................... ...... ........... 500.00 $500.00 ' $5')0.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ----------- $500. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918___. 500. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended__----------- ------- 1, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED I'INANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales,,etc., amounting to $10,628.37: New work------------------------- -------------- $987, 009. 99 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 608, 461. 13 Net total expended________________-- ____1, 595, 471. 12 Total appropriations to date of this report _________------1, 681,775. 47 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1................ $381, 063. 01 $84, 760. 20 $58,166.84 $114,043.50 $61, 123. 01 Expended for maintenance' ............. 36,816.30 37, 908.45 42, 839.02 47, 772. 65 53, 851. 80 Total expended .................... 417, 879.31 122, 668.65 101,005. 86 161,816. 15 114, 974. 81 Appropriated or allotted................. 72, 500. 00 ......... 66, 000. 00 146, 800. 00 98, 000. 00 1 'ot deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended. ------------------------- $97, 264. 77 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918---- --------------------------------------- 25, 500. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919------- ----------------------------- 72, 500. 00 Receipts fromn sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919________________ 6, 014. 39 201, 279. 16 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work_______________------------------- $61, 123. 01 For maintenance__ ------- __-____-_______ 53, 851. 80 114,974. 81 'In addition, $300,000 was expended from contributed funds. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 125851-ENG 1919- 119 1888 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ----------- ------. $86, 34. 35 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-------------------- 7- 999. . July 1, 1919, balance available, including $8,500 available only for maintenanc_.e_____ for maintenance--------------------------------------------78 - 0.3 35 . 78, 305. Amount received from sale of plant--------------------- ---- 10, 300. 00 Amount available for for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920---------88, 605. 35 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------- -------------- 77,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: For new work----- --------------------------------- 5, 500. 00 For maintenance - _ ------------------ _--- 163, 500. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 69, 000. 00 10. OPERATING AND CARE OF CANAL AND LOCKS AT WILLIAMETTE FALLS, OREG. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Willamette River at Willamette Falls, Oreg. See pages 1874 to 1877, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed canal and locks have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite ap- propriation since April 26, 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted in repairing fenders, minor repairs to lock gates and sills, and general policing and care of locks, grounds, and operating machinery, re- sulting in affording, except when closed on accouht of high water or to facilitate work at present in progress under the project for the improvement of Willamette River at Willamette Falls, continuous operation during the year. An office building was 'constructed for the use of the lockmaster at a cost of $1,883.18. All, of the work was done by hired labor with Government plant. Total expendi- tures for the year for maintenance under allotments from permanent indefinite appropriation amounted to $8,111.25. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal and locks were pur- chased from the Portland Railway, Light & Power Co., April 26, 1915, for $375,000. The depth over the miter sills at low water is 6 feet. The. dimensions and other information concerning these locks are given in the table on page 1875. Total expenditures for main- tenance have been from the permanent indefinite appropriation and amounted to $24.438.38. Terminal facilities.-There is no public highway leading to the locks. The Crown Willamette Paper Co. have constructed a timber dock about 850 feet in length, extending to and supported by the concrete division wall built in the lock canal by the United States. This dock is used mainly for the shipment of their products and receipt of material and supplies. For terminal facilities on the Willamette and Yamhill Rivers, see page 1872. Proposed operations.-The canal and locks will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1889 Commercial statistics.-The project depth of 6 feet at low water is not yet completed. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats using the canal and locks are 5 feet for those operating below Oregon City and 2 feet for those operating above that point. Of the total freight traffic during the calendar year 1918, about 20 per cent was handled by five inland freight and passenger boats and about 80 per cent by five inland towboats. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar hort tons Value. Passengers year. year. 1914.......... 5,523 $208,375 6,004 1917 ......... 113,954 $7, 770,647 4,499 1915.......... 62,569 3, 33 902 13 261 1918.......... 115,819 6,505,540 923 1916.......... 175,133 8, 410,430 7,956 The principal commodities moved through the canal and locks dur- ing the year were grains, iron and steel, lime, plaster and cement, logs, lumber, merchandise, mill feed, paper, piling, pulp, sand and gravel, stone, and general miscellaneous. The decrease in tonnage from the year 1916 was caused by irregular and unsatisfactory boat service on the upper Willamette River and an aggressive and suc- cessful campaign by the railroads to secure the local freight. On February 4, 1919, the Capital City Navigation Co., of Portland, Oreg., began operating a new steamboat line on the river between Portland and Independence, a distance of 83 miles, and laid off their boats May 1, on account of lack of downstream freight. It is under- stood that a line of boats will be started shortly to handle the fall crops. 11. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM IN YAMHILL RIVER, OREG. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill River, Oreg. See page 1870 to 1874, where general infor- mation regarding the improvement can be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent, indefinite appropriation since September 24, 1900. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted in minor repairs to the locks, policing of grounds, and care of operating machinery, resulting in affording, except when closed on account of high water, continuous operation during the year. Construction of new lock gates was begun. The work accomplished during the year was done by hired labor with Government plant. Total expenditures for the year for maintenance under allotments from permanent in- definite appropriation amounted to $4,227.91. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam were completed in September, 1900, at a total cost of $72,164.83. The depth over the lock miter sills at low water is 4 feet. The condition of the lock is good, but the gates are showing signs of decay. (For further details see table, p. 1.871.) Total expenditures for maintenance have been from the permanent indefinite appropriation and amounted to $51,379.21. 1890 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Terminal facilities.-A country road in good condition leads from Lafayette, 1- miles, to the locks. There are no terminal facilities at the locks. For terminal facilities on the Willamette and Yamhill Rivers, see page 1872. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-None of the commerce required the full project depth for its accommodation. The usual limit of draft for a loaded boat using the lock is 2 feet. Of the total freight traffic during the calendar year 1918, about 22 per cent was handled by one inland freight and passenger boat, and about 78 per cent (logs and piling) by one launch. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. alue. Passengers. year Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1914.......... 1,314 $5,777 . 113 1917......... 2,032 $63,439 71 1915.......... 639 20,627 191 1918....... 763 12,261 3 1916........... 630 40,964 64 The principal commodities moved through the lock during the year were grains, hay, and piling. The decrease in tonnage was due to lack of demand for piling. EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED AUGUST 8, 1917. Report dated June 8, 1918, with map, on preliminary examination of Columbia River between Carrolls and Stella, Wash., and the Cow- litz River below Ostrander, Wash., required by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, was duly submitted by the 'district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 1592, Sixty-fifth Congress, third session. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed ad- visable at the present time to a greater extent than is now authorized. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of August 8, 1917, and March 2, 1919, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Willamette Slough, Oreg., with a view to removing old dikes and breakwaters now obstructing navigation. 2. Lower Columbia and Willamette Rivers below Portland, Oreg., with a view to securing a channel 35 feet in depth. 3. Columbia River from the mouth of the Willamette River to the eastern limits of the city of Vancouver, Wash., equal in width and depth to the project channel from the mouth of the Willamette to the city of Portland, Oreg., and what cooperation, if any, should be given. 4. Cowlitz River, Wash., from the mouth to Ostrander. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1891 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. This district includes the States of Washington and Idaho, except the basins of the Snake and lower Columbia Rivers, Montana west of the Rocky Mountains, and Alaska. District engineers: Mr. W. T. Preston, assistant engineer in charge, July 1, 1918, to January 24, 1919; Col. C. L. Sturdevant, Engineers, January 25 to June 30, 1919. Division engineer: Col. George A. Zinn, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for pur- poses of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Willapa River and Harbor, 11. Lake Washington Ship Wash. (Al)------------_ 1891 Canal, Wash. (B7)------ 1914 2. Grays Harbor and bar en- 12. Snohomish River, W as h. trance, Wash. (A2)-----.. 1894 (B8) ------------------ 1919 3. Grays Harbor, inner portion, 13. Skagit River, Wash. (B9)__ 1921 between Aberdeen and the 14. Swinomish Slough, Wash. entrance to said harbor, (B10)----------------- 1923 and Chehalis River, Wash. 15. Anacortes Harbor, Wash. (A3) ----------------- 1897 (B11) _____________1925 4. Hoquiam River, Wash. (A4) _ 1899 16. Bellingham Harbor, Wash. 5. Puget Sound and its tribu- (B12)-----------------1926 tary waters, Wash. (B1)_ 1902 17. Columbia River between We- 6. Waterway connecting Port natchee and Kettle Falls, Townsend Bay and Oak Wash. (B13)_-----------_ 1928 Bay, Wash. (B2)-------- 1904 18. Operating and care of Lake 7. Port Gamble Harbor, Wash. Washington Ship Canal, (B3) ----------------- 1906 Wash _____________ 1932 8. Olympia Harbor, Wash. 19. Apoon Mouth of Yukon (B4) ___ -- 1907 River, Alaska (Cl)- - 1933 9. Tacoma Harbor, Wash, (B5) _ 1909 20. Nome Harbor, Alaska (C2). 1935 10. Seattle Harbor, Wash. (B6) 1912 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR SEE PAGES 3459 TO 3491. WILLAPA RIVER AND HARBOR, GRAYS HARBOR, CHEHALIS AND HOQUTIAM RIVERS, WASH. , (GROUP A). 1. WILLAPA RIVER AND HARBOR, WASH. (Al). Location and description.-Willapa Harbor is an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, 30 miles north of the entrance to the Columbia River. It lies behind Leadbetter Point on the south and Cape Shoalwater on the north, at the mouth of the Willapa River. The entrance is about 2,000 feet wide and is obstructed by a bar. The harbor or bay is about 24 miles long from north to south and 12 miles wide. The Willapa River rises 30 miles east of the harbor and flows in a general westerly direction. Its width varies from 2,000 feet at the mouth to 200 feet at Willapa City on the North Fork. The river is tidal for about 12 miles above its mouth, or to Willapa City, where there are a series of rapids with a fall of about 8 feet in one-half mile. The drainage area of the river and its tributaries is approximately 260 square miles. The North and Nasel Rivers are small streams 1892 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. emptying into the North and South Bays of Willapa Harbor, re- spectively. There are no discharge data available for these rivers. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6185. Original condition.-The controlling depth over the bar was 23 feet at mean lower low water; 27 feet thence to the mouth of North River (12 miles) ; and 12 feet to South Bend (6 miles). From this point to Willapa City the controlling depth was limited by four .shoals to 7 feet at mean lower low water. Above Willapa City the river was used for floating saw logs, but was obstructed by snags. The head of navigation for steamboats on Willapa River was Willapa City, 24 miles from the mouth of the bay. North and Nasel Rivers were navigable for launches and rowboats for varying distances up- stream, dependent on the stages of the tide, and were used for float- ing saw logs. North River was obstructed by a log jam about 6 miles from its mouth. The South Fork of the Willapa River was used by harbor steamers. Previous projects. -The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, and modified by the river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, March 3, 1899, June 13, 1902, and June 25, 1910, the latter act having provided for a channel 200 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean lower low water from deep water in Willapa Bay to the junction of the North and South Forks of the Willapa River at Raymond, and a channel 18 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 feet wide for a distance of 3,100 feet up the South Fork, with a closing dike at Mailboat Slough. (H. Doc. No. 524, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) The amount expended on original and modified projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1916 was $228,083.83 for improvement and $6,738.23 for maintenance, a total of $234,822.06. For further details of previous projects adopted prior to June 25, 1910, see page 2001 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in Willapa Bay to the forks of the river at Raymond, and 24 feet deep and 150 feet wide up the South Fork as far as the deep basin above the Cram lumber mill, and up the North Fork to a point opposite Twelfth Street, with a turning basin 250 feet wide, 350 feet long, and 24 feet deep at the latter point, and a closing dike at Mailboat Slough. The length of the section included in the project is 131 miles. The ex- treme tidal range at Willapa Bay entrance is 13.6 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 8.1 feet at the entrance and 9.6 feet at South Bend. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1918 is $819,170,- exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 27,1916. (H. Doc.No. 706, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) This document contains the latest map of the locality. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The sum of $466.01 was expended for inspections and office expenses and charged to maintenance of the previous project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under existing project pending necessary arrangements for the local co- operation required by law. Under previous projects dikes were con- structed to close Mailboat and Lauderbach Sloughs, log jam was RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1893 removed and snagging done in the North River, and snags removed from the North River, and a channel dredged from 200 to 400 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean lower low water from Willapa Bay to the :junction of the North and South Forks near Raymond, and a channel 150 feet wide and 18 feet deep for a distance of 3,100 feet up the South Fork. The controlling depth is 18 feet at mean lower low water. The dikes are in good condition. No expenditures have been made under the existing project. Local cooperation.-Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests at Raymond were required to construct bulkheads, provide a place of deposit for material dredged from the South Fork, and pay one-half the cost of such dredging. These conditions were complied with to the satisfaction of the Chief of Engineers on March 16, 1911. In addition to the requirements of the act, the city of South Bend dredged about 800,000 cubic yards from in front of that city, creating two basins of 30-foot depth and 1 mile in length. The amount contributed by local interests and expended by the Engineer Department was $6,596.92. The approxi- mate cost of the work done by the city of South Bend was $125,000. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, and of Public Resolution No. 11, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session, approved September 19, 1917, the city of Raymond or other local interests must provide suitable places for deposit of the dredged ma- terial, including bulkheads, without cost to the United States, and also contribute one-half the estimated cost of dredging above the forks. These conditions have not been met, but action is being taken by the city of Raymond toward placing bonds for the amount re- quired. Terminal facilities.-There are nine sawmill wharves, one city wharf, and one railway wharf on Willapa Harbor. The city and railway wharves are open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The direct effect on freight rates is not known definitely, but the increased depths now available have re- sulted in the use of larger vessels and the development of an export trade heretofore impossible. Proposed operations.--It is expected that the requirements of law for local cooperation will be complied with at an early date and that work will be commenced with available funds under the continuing- contract method. It is estimated that the sum of $200,000 will be required for pay- ments under the contract during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-Snagging the North and Nasel Rivers is recommended in the report published in House Docu- ment No. 901, Sixty-third Congress, second session, at an estimated cost of $7,500. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The foreign and coastwise commerce, com- prising 17 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted principally of out- bound cargoes of lumber products, with a small percentage of canned goods and miscellaneous merchandise. This traffic required depths of 15 to 22 feet, as follows: 15 to 17 feet, 4 per cent; 18 to 19 feet, 20 per cent; 20 to 21 feet, 70 per cent; 22 feet, 6 per cent. 1894 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The internal traffic, comprising 83 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of logs, gravel, sea foods and miscellaneous merchandise, and required depths of 5 to 9 feet. The decrease in tonnage was principally in logs and lumber, and was due to war conditions. The increased valuation is accounted for by the general increase in many commodities. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short to Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Shortvaasuclndrser Short Value. Passengers. ' ' 1914............ 669.619 $3,790,284 908 1917.......... 567,510 $3,713,171 17,673 ' 1915............ 370,415 2,117, 857 (1) 1918........... 471,525 4,180, 349 23, 419 1916............ 605,331 3,599,203 (1) 1 No report of passengers for 1915 and 1916. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $68.10: New work------- -------- ---------------------- $228, 083. 83 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 6, 738. 23 Net total expended -------------------------- ---- 234, 822. 06 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------359, 482. 00 Fiscalyear ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ........................ ......... ................... Expended for maintenance 1................. $65.58 .......... 36.70 $839.92 $466.01 j Appropriated or allotted .................................. 100, 000.00................ I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended --------------------------- $125, 125. 96 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance----------------------------- -------------------- 466. 01 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------------------------- 124, 659. 94 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ---------------------------- 44. 47 July 1, 1919, balance available------------------------------_ 124, 615. 47 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization, act of July 27, 1916------------------------------------ 247, 950.00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ 247, 950.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work_____---------------------- 2 200,000. 00 2. GRAYS HARBOR AND BAR ENTRANCE, WASH. (A2). Location and description.-Grays Harbor is a bay 17 miles long from east to west and 14 miles wide from north to south. It lies at the mouth of the Chehalis River in the southwestern part of the Exclusive of available funds. 2 To be appropriated in the sundry civil act. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1895 State of Washington, 48 miles north of the entrance to the Columbia River. It is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a channel approxi- mately 12,500 feet wide and 2 miles long, between Point Brown on the north and Point Hanson on the south. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6195. Original condition.-The outer end of the channel connecting the bay with the Pacific Ocean was obstructed by a bar, convex to the sea, over which were several shifting channels having depths 12 and 13 feet at low water. The average width of the bar between the 18-foot curves was one-half mile. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel over the bar 24 feet deep at mean lower low water with a minimum width of 500 feet, to be obtained by the construction of a south high-tide rubble-stone jetty 18,154 feet long and a north mid-tide jetty 16,000 feet long, and by dredging with Government plant, the width between the westerly ends of the jetties being 6,500 feet. The extreme tidal ranges are 14.4 feet on the bar and.16.6 feet in the harbor. The ranges between mean lower low water and mean higher high water are 9.1 feet on the bar and 10.1 feet in the harbor. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $3,330,000. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $85,000. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the south jetty (Annual Report for 1895, pp. 3517-3533); the act of June 25, 1910, made final pro- vision for the north jetty (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 29, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provides for dredging (H. Doc. No. 1729, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1916, page 3249. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions except care of plant, inspections, and lease of old rails. The sum of $2,067.42 was expended for care of property and office ex- penses, all of which was chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The percentage of completion of the project as at present authorized is about 80 per cent. The south jetty was completed in 1902 for a length of 13,734 feet with a groin at station 1050. The north jetty was completed in 1915. The en- rockment of the north jetty, raised during 1916, is still at the level of ordinary high tide, except for about 600 feet at the outer end, where wave action has lowered it below extreme low water and for 700 feet about 1,200 feet east of the outer end, where it has been low- ered to about 3 feet above mean lower low water. No work has been done on the south jetty since 1902, and the crest of the enrockment remains at or below extreme low water throughout practically its entire length. The controlling depth on the bar channel, ascertained March 20, 1919, was 20 feet at mean lower low water. The work remaining to be done, exclusive of possible jetty extension if dredg- ing fails to produce a suitable channel, is the construction or pur- chase of a seagoing dredge and its operation on the bar. The ex- penditures were $2,604,447.17 for new work and $622,986.45 for main- tenance, a total of $3,227,433.62. Local cooperation.-No local cooperation was required by law. The necessary land for trestle approach and operating plant was donated to the United States by local interests. With funds con- 1896 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tributed by the port of Grays Harbor commission and expended by this office the U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie was employed for short periods during the fiscal years 1916 and 1917 in dredging on the bar and inner harbor. A total of 79,451 cubic yards was removed from the bar channel, at a cost of $15,393.33. The total cost of the Michie's operations was $22,889.45, of which $7,496.12 was expended on work on the inner harbor in 1916 when weather conditions prevented work on the bar. Terminal facilities.-There are 22 sawmill wharves, 5 miscella- neous wharves, 2 public wharves, and 1 railroad wharf, the last 3 being open for general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has permitted the use of larger and more economical vessels suitable for export trade and has- opened up better markets for the extensive timber products of Grays Harbor. No direct reduction in freight rates has been made, so far as known. Proposed operations.-Available funds will be used for necessary bar surveys, care of plant, dredging with a borrowed dredge until a new dredge is built, and with the new dredge when available. The rate of expenditure for the next two years will depend upon the length of time that a suitable dredge can be spared from another district, and it is impracticable to state the date of exhaustion of funds now available. It is estimated that expenditures during the fiscal year 1920 will be as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Michie for 2 months ------- $20, 000 Survey of the bar----------------------- ------------------- ------- 5,000 Care of construction plant 260 1----------------------- Total_---------------------------------- 26, 260 It is estimated that expenditures during the fiscal year ending JTune 30, 1921, will be approximately the same as for fiscal year 1920, and for this purpose the available funds are sufficient. The additional funds requested are required for construction of a sea- going dredge for operation on Grays Harbor bar. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The statistics give only the commerce crossing the outer bar, no internal traffic being included. The outbound cargoes, comprising 94 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted almost wholly of lumber and were carried on the following drafts: 15 to 17 feet, 12 per cent; 18 to 19 feet, 57 per cent; 20 to 21 feet, 28 per cent; 22 feet, 3 per cent. The inbound cargoes, comprising 6 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted principally of oil, sugar, hardwood, and miscellaneous mer- chandise, and were carried on drafts of from 15 to 19.5 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short Value. Passengers. Calendar year. ort Value. Pa sengers. 1914............ 729,527 $5 729,5C8 ............. 1917........... 455,957 $5,950,631 .......... 1915........... 502,410 5,907,545 ............ 1918........... 373,123 5,792,943 '703 1916........ .... 484.687 6,413,900 .......... 1 Incomplete. 'Noreport on passengers prior to 1918. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1897 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8,971.66: New work _________ __________-__ 1$2, 604, 447. 17 Maintenance _____________ 6_________--___-_ 622, 986. 45 Net total expended-------_____ __ 13, 227, 433. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report_-____________--- 3, 322, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ...... ................................... ....... Expended for maintenance 1.............. $111, 642.28 $467, 803.88 $5, 172.26 $2,182.34 $2, 067.42 Appropriated or allotted ............... 570,000.00 .......... .......... 92,500.00 .......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended- -- __ ______- -$94, 733. 80 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_________- 2,400. 00 2 97, 133. 80 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 2,067, 42 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------------- 95, 066. 38 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ---------------------------- 91. 31 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $7,500 available only for maintenance____________ _____________ 94, 975. 07 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___ ----------------------------------- 700, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work---- --- - - -- 8600, 000. 00 3. GRAYS HARBOR, INNER PORTION, BETWEEN ABERDEEN AND THE ENTRANCE TO SAID HARBOR AND CHEHALIS RIVER, WASH. (A3.) Location and description.-See preceding report, " Grays Harbor and Bar entrance, Wash." The inner harbor comprises two main channels, the south and the north, connecting the harbor proper with the Chehalis River at Aberdeen. The Chehalis River rises in the southwestern part of the State of Washington, about 40 miles east of the Pacific Ocean, flows in a general northwesterly direction, and empties into the eastern part of Grays Harbor. Its length is about 115 miles and its drainage area is approximately 1,970 square miles. The width varies from 500 to 1,200 feet. There are no dis- charge data available. The river is tidal for about 13 miles above its mouth. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6195. Original condition.-The south channel of the inner harbor was shoal and little used. The north channel was obstructed by two shoals, one below Hoquiam and one between Hoquiam and Aberdeen, which limited the draft to Montesano to 8 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for light-draft steamboats was Elma, 34 miles from the mouth. The upper portion of the river for a distance of approximately 50 miles above Elma was used for floating saw logs. 1 In addition to this amount, $22,889.45 was expended from contributed funds. 2Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. 4In addition to $85,000 per year for operation of dredge. 1898 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Previous projects.-The original project for the Chehalis River was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The original project for the inner harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The amount expended on both projects prior to the adoption -of the existing project in 1907 and 1910 was $113,134.38 for new work and $37,415.45 for maintenance, a total of $150,549.83. For further details of previous projects see pages 2002- 2003 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 18 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in the bay below Hoquiam to Cosmopolis, on the Chehalis River, a distance of 15 miles, and for a channel 6 feet deep at mean lower low water and about 150 feet wide from Cosmopolis to Montesano, a distance of 8J miles, the latter channel requiring a small amount of dike work and annual snagging. The extreme tidal range at Hoquiam is 16.6 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 10.1 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, is $312,500, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the 18-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 507, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 6-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1125, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest maps see the latter document and the Annual Report for 1908, page 2288. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The sum of $285.51 was expended during the year, all of which was chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1910. The dredging has aggregated 1,810,951 cubic yards for new work, and 1,233,233 cubic yards for maintenance. A survey made June 21, 1919, showed that the channel below Hoquiam has shoaled over a distance of about 3,000 feet, the controlling depth being 12 feet. The project depth is believed to be available in the remainder of the improved channel. The expenditure under the existing project for new work was $238,188.26 and for maintenance $114,951.77, a total of $353,140.03. Local cooperation.-There has been no local cooperation, except the dredging done by the U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie during 1916 on days when weather conditions prevented work on the bar en- trance. A total of 64,957 cubic yards was removed from the inner harbor at a cost of $7,496.12. The Port of Grays Harbor Commission has agreed to undertake the future maintenance of this improvement to a depth commensurate with the depth obtained on the outer bar by the United States. Terminal facilities.-These are included in report on " Grays Har- bor and Bar entrance." Effect of improvement.-A channel sufficient for present commerce has been obtained. So far as known, there has been no reduction in freight rates. Proposed operations.-Available funds will be exhausted about December 31, 1919, for maintenance by dredging in connection with RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1899 funds which the Grays Harbor Port Commission has agreed to con- tribute. The Port of Grays Harbor Commission has agreed to undertake the future maintenance of this improvement to a depth commen- surate with the depth obtained on the outer bar by the United States. Therefore no estimate is submitted for additional funds at this time. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.---The coastwise and foreign commerce, com- prising 26 per cent of the total tonnage, is the same as reported under " Grays Harbor and bar entrance," requiring depths of 15 to 22 feet, the details being shown in that report. The internal traffic, 74 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of logs, lumber, fish, sand and gravel, and miscellaneous merchandise, and required depths of 5 to 11 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914......... 933,257 $3,802 143 ............. 1917....-.... 771,480 $4,354,320 .... 1915.......... 768, 341 12, 970564 ......... .. 19182......... 1, 332, 000 12, 254, 554 703 1916........ 814,103 4,838,722 ........... 1 Decrease due to shutdown of mills account of slump in the lumber market. 2 The statistics for 1918 include ocean traffic, which is also carried under " Grays Harbor and bar entrance." The statistics prior to 1918 included only internal traffic. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,330.05:' New work---------------------------------------$351, 322. 64 Maintenance------------------------------------- 152, 367. 22 Net total expended------------- -------------- 503, 689. 86 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 513,500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. : 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work..................... ............ Expended for maintenance 1 ... $29,528.58 $592.12 $18, 427.97 $3, 986.9"1 $285.51 Appropriated or allotted................... 15 000.00 .... 0 0 ............. ,000..... ...... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc July 1, 1918, balance unexpended______________________________ $10, 095. 65 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 285. 51 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 9, 810. 14 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 410. 66 July 1, 1919, balance available------------------------------- 9, 399. 48 4. HOQUIAM RIVER, WASH. (A4). Location and description.-TheHoquiam River rises in the plateau west of Puget Sound, flows southward for about 12 miles, and empties in Grays Harbor at Hoquiam, Wash. The average width between banks is 350 feet. The river is tidal for its full length and the drain- 1900 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. age area is about 100 square miles. There are no discharge data avail- able. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6195. Original condition.-The section covered by this improvement had a depth of approximately 20 feet at mean lower low water, except at four localities where the channel was contracted and the depth reduced to 11 and 16 feet by shoals. For a distance of 8 miles from the mouth the river was used for floating and towing logs. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean lower low water from the mouth to the junction of the Little Hoquiam and the East Branch, a distance of about 2 miles. The extreme tidal range is 16.6 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 10.1 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $12,000. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 268, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest map of the locality is published in the document last mentioned. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912, except at the upper end of the improvement, where a rock ledge was encountered which narrows the channel to about 50 feet. No shoaling has been reported. The amount expended for improvement was $8,620.59, and for maintenance $2,013.99, a total of $10,634.58. Local cooperation.-Local interests were required to provide a place' of deposit for dredged material free of cost to the United States. This material was used for filling the streets of the city of Hoquiam. Terminal facilities.-These are included in report on " Grays Har- bor and Bar entrance." Effect of improvement.-There has been no effect on freight rates, but the dredging has permitted the use of larger vessels and reduced the amount of lightering. Proposed operations.-No operations are contemplated other than necessary surveys, inspections, etc., such as may be necessary to de- termine the condition of the channel and protect the navigable waters against encroachment. The cost of this work will not exceed $500 per year. Available funds are sufficient for the above purpose until June 30, 1921. Reconmended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The coastwise and foreign commerce, com- prising 24 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of outbound car- goes of lumber, and inbound freight in small lots composed prin- cipally of sugar,.canned goods, wire rope, and miscellaneous mer- chandise, and was carried on the following drafts: 15 to 17 feet, 18 per cent; 18 to 19 feet, 78 per cent; 19.5 feet, 4 per cent. The internal traffic, comprising 76 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of logs, oil, sand and gravel, lumber, steel, and miscellaneous merchandise, required drafts of 5 to 11 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS--SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1901 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918..................... ................... ............. 401,384 $4,084,966 126 No separate statistics were reported for the Hoquiam River prior to 1918. The foreign and coastwise traffic (76,559 tons valued at $1,- 736,977) included in above statement is also included in the statistics for "Grays Harbor and Bar entrance " and " Grays Harbor, inner portion, between Aberdeen and the entrance to said harbor, and Che- halis River, Wash." Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work-_ $8, 620. 59 Maintenance ----------------------------------------------- 2, 013. 99 Net total expended 10, 634. 58 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 12, 000. 00 Fiscal year endin' June 3). 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................ ............................................. Expenled for maintenance............... $511.27 $1,502.72........................... Appropriated or allotted.................. .. ........ ............ ........- ................... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended -------------------------------- $1,365. 42 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------------1, 365.42 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $11,369.81: New work ------------------------------------------- $3, 192, 474. 23 Maintenance--------------------------_ ------------------ 84, 105. 89 Net total expended -------------------------------13, 976, 580. 12 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 4, 207, 482. 00 Fiscal year ending June 39. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................. ....................... ..................... ............ Expen ied for maintenance 1..........141,747.71 $469, 898.72 $24,436.93 $7, 009.17 $2, 818.94 Appropriated or allotted................585,000.00....... 130,0000 92,500.0).......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended---------------------------- $231, 320. 82 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-------------- 2, 400. 00 233, 720. 82 1 In addition to this amount $22,889.45 was expended from contributed funds. 1902 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U, S. ARMY, - 1919. June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance-------------------------------------- -- $2, 818. 94 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 230, 901. 88 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 546. 44 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $7,500 available only for maintenance--------------------------------------- 230, 355. 44 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authoriza- tion, act of July 27, 1916--------------------------------- 247, 950. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------- ---------- 1, 176, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work ------------------------------- 3 800, 000. 00 PUGET SOUND AND ITS TRIBUTARY WATERS, OLYMPIA, SEATTLE, ANACORTES, PORT GAMBLE, TACOMA, AND BELLINGHAM HARBORS, LAKE WASHINGON SHIP CANAL, SNOHOMISH AND SKAGIT RIVERS, SWINOMISH SLOUGH, WATERWAY CONNECTING PORT TOWNSEND BAY AND OAK BAY, COLUMBIA RIVER BETWEEN WENATCHEE AND KETTLE FALLS, WASH. (GROUP B). 5. PUGET SOUND AND ITS TRIBUTARY WATERS, WASH. (B1). Location and description.-PugetSound is an arm of the Pacific Ocean, located in the western part of the State of Washington. This improvement includes maintenance work on all the larger rivers emptyiig into iPuget Sound, the principal ones being the Skagit, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Skykomish, Stilaguamish, Nooksak, Puyal- lup, and Duwamish, and connecting navigable sloughs, all of which are affected by the tide for a considerable distance. The improve- ment of these channels includes such stretches as are navigable in fact for river steamers and for the towing and rafting of logs and lumber products. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 6300, 6450, and 6460.) Original condition.-The rivers tributary" to, Puget Sound were available for commerce, but were seriously obstructed by snags and others debris brought down by freshets. The distance to which the streams were navigable in fact depended on the stage of water and the tide. The upper stretches were used for towing log rafts and floating timber. Previous projects.-The original project was for the improvement of Skagit, Stilaguamish, Nooksak, Snohomish, and Snoqualmie Rivers, and was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. Under this project $67,495.58 was expended for maintenance prior to adoption of the existing project in 1892. For further de- tails of previous project see page 2003 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for maintenance work on the rivers tributary to Puget Sound by snagging and dredging. The esti- mate of cost revised in 1918 is $20,000 annually. The existing proj- ect was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. (An- nual Report for 1893, p. 3425.) The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1913, page 3127. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The snag boat Swino- mish was operated during the year in snagging and dredging in the 1In addition to $85,000 per year Exclusive of available funds. for operation of dredge. * Of which $200,000 is for appropriation in the sundry civil act. RIVERS AND HARBORS--SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1908 rivers and sloughs tributary to Puget Sound, and 3,643 snags and 1,715 cubic yards of material were removed. All the work was done by hired labor. The total expenditures were $21,917.75 all of which was chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work has consisted of snag- ging and dredging in the principal tributaries of Puget Sound. No permanent results are obtainable, but the maintenance of existing channels requires continuous operation of the snag boat. The con- trolling depths range from 3 to 40 feet at mean lower low water. The expenditures under the existing project were $43,336.92 for new work and $465,374.91 for maintenance, a total of $508,711.83. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--The terminal facilities at the numerous har- bors on Puget Sound and its tributary waters are in general con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-There has been no direct effect on freight rates, but snagging and dredging by the snag boat has kept the rivers open to navigation for steamers and for the towing and raft- ing of timber. Proposed operations.-Maintenanceby snagging and removal of obstructions will be continued in so far as funds permit. Available funds will be exhausted on June 30, 1920. Expenditures will be as follows : Operation of snag boat 7 months at $2,000 -------------------- $14, 000 Care of snag boat 5 months at $900---------------------- ------- 4, 500 Inspections and office expenses-------------------- 1, 138 Total ----------------------------------------------- 19,638 The additional funds requested are required for operation of the snag boat and for making miscellaneous inspections of obstructions for which permits are requested, between July 1, 1920, and June 30, 1921. The operation of the snag boat is necessary to maintain the channels in Puget Sound and its tributary waters, which otherwise become so obstructed by snags as to interfere with logging opera- tions. Estimate for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, is submitted as follows: Operation of snag boat 12 months at $2,000 -- ______-__-______- $24, 000 Inspections and office expenses ------------------------ 3, 000 Total----- --------------------------------------- 27, 000 Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The traffic on Puget Sound and its tribu- tary waters is very large and is rapidly growing. It includes vessels of about every type and size in use throughout the world. The for- eign commerce consists mostly of the exportation of lumber, grain, fish, flour, and dairy products, and the importation of tea, silks, and hemp. The Skagit, Snohomish, Stilaguamish, and Puyallup Rivers can only be entered on tide, and vessels of 6 feet draft can navigate these streams on high tide. The Skykomish, Snoqualmie, and Nook- sak Rivers are used only by small launches and for floating logs. 125851--ENG 1919-120 1904 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Comparative statement of commerce of tributary waters not included in stati.s- tics for specific improvements. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914...................... 113,990 $815,039 1917...................... 1148,575 $1,674,191 1915..................... 155,057 543,161 1918............... .... 129,232 848,58& 1916..................... 85,114 881,554 1Incomplete. Complete statistics are not obtainable. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,438.93: New work ------------------------------------------ $43, 336.92 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 532, 870. 49 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 576, 207. 41. Total appropriations to date of this report --------------- 597,000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ....... ...... ........... ................ Expended for maintenancel ............ $68, 790. 34 $19, 479. 00 $14,979. 21 $22, 712.75 $21, 917. 75 Appropriated or allotted .............. ....... ......... ............. 25,000.00 37,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended --------------------------- $5, 708. 34 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918- 10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 27,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-- __--___-___-_ ___- 2. 00 42, 710. 34 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 121, 917. 75 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_________________--__________ 20, 792. 59 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities____ __--_______-_________ 1, 153. 97 July 1, 1919, balance available only for maintenance-------------19, 638. 62 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance-- ------------------------- 27,000. 00 6. WATERWAY CONNECTING PORT TOWNSEND BAY AND OAK BAY, WASH. (B2). Location and description.-The canal connects two bays which are arms of Admiralty Inlet, on the west side of Puget Sound, in the northwestern part of the State of Washington, about 40 miles north of Seattle. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6405. Original condition.-The bays were separated by a gravel spit about 150 yards wide and one-quarter of a mile long, with shoals on each side. The highest point on the spit was about 29 feet above mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1905 Ewisting project.-This provides for a canal 15 feet deep at mean lower low water, 75 feet wide on the bottom, for about 4,800 feet, and the construction of jetties to protect the channel at the southern or Oak Bay end, and a bulkhead for the retention of dredged material. The extreme tidal range is 16 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 8.8 feet in Port Townsend Bay and 9.6 feet in Oak Bay. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1915, is $77,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913. (H. Doc. No. 625, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1915, page 3441. Operations and results during fiscal year.-One hundred tons of rock was placed by the Government snagboat in emergency revetment work along the bank of the canal in September, 1918. Tidal and cur- rent data were obtained during February, March, and April, 1919. The sum of $3,586.68 was expended and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted during the fiscal year 1916. Shoaling has reduced the con- trolling depth to 9.1 feet at mean lower low water. The total expendi- ture was $73,322.35 for new work and $8,427.83 for maintenance, a total of $81,750.18. Local cooperation.-The act of March 4, 1913, required local inter- ests to furnish a right of way and provide suitable places of deposit for dredged material. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Chief of Engineers on September 8, 1914. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities directly served by the improvement. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has had no effect on freight rates, but has provided a sheltered passage for light-draft boats plying between up-Sound ports and points on Port Townsend Bay, and the free passage of log tows under weather conditions when they would otherwise be storm bound in Port Townsend Bay from 1 to 10 days, as they could not be towed past Marrowstone Point. Proposed operations.-All available funds will be used to restore the project depth by dredging under contract, which will be com- pleted in a period of one month. The funds will be exhausted by December 31, 1919. Experience indicates that the work to be done with available funds will put the channel in such condition that no work will be required during the fiscal year 1921 and no estimate is submitted. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities reported are logs, lumber, coal, oil, fish, machinery, and miscellaneous merchan- dise. The drafts range from about 6 to 14 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1915. .................................... 65,273 $510,906 3,619 1916............ ....................................... 69,441 738,804 (1) 1917.... .......... .......... .. ............... 106,408 1,384,382 () 1918........................... ... :... . .... ... 137, 076 2, 684,110 26, 652 1Not reported. 1906 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work -------------------- $73, 322. 35 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 8, 427. 83 Net total expended_____-- -_______--- - - - -__ _- 81, 750. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report__ ________________ 96, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work.................. 59, 232.67 $14, 089.68..4, . Expended for maintenance ......... .............. 4000. 00 $177 65 $663. 50 $3, 586.68 Total expended ..................... 59 232.67 18,089.68 177.65 663.50 3,586.68 _____.6 * I8096 __ _ 6.0 _____. ,8)6 - Appropriated or allotted............. ..... 15,000.00 ............ .......... 7,400.00 12,000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended______ _______-__-____ $6, 736. 50 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 12, 000. 00 18, 736. 50 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 3, 586. 68 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _ _______----------____ _ 15, 149. 82 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--... ---.....- ___-- _ 12. 44 July 1, 1919, balance available-----------------------------15, 137. 38 7. PORT GAMBLE HARBOR, WASH. (B3). Location and description.-Port Gamble Harbor is on the east side of Hood Canal, 20 miles northwest of Seattle. The bay is 21 miles long and three-fourths of a mile wide, with an entrance less than 2,000 feet in width. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6450. Original condition.-The depths in the bay were ample for all classes of vessels varying from 21 to 49 feet, but the entrance chan- nel was narrow, with a controlling depth of 21 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 28 feet deep at mean lower low water, 150 feet wide, and about 2,500 feet long, at the entrance to the bay. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 10.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1917, is $24,000. No expense for maintenance is anticipated, as it is expected that the channel will be fairly perma- nent. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 851, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). This document con- tains the latest map of the locality. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, local interests were required to contribute one- half the cost of dredging, and to furnish suitable places of deposit and necessary bulkheads for the dredged material. The provision requiring payment of one-half the cost of dredging has not been met. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1907 Local .interests have spent about $55,000 dredging at the mill docks, securing a depth of 30 feet, and have expressed their willing- ness to cooperate to the extent of constructing the bulkheads neces- sary to confine the dredged material and providing suitable locations for same. Terminal facilities.--These consist of the mill docks, which are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges, and are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No work of improvement has yet been done. Proposed operations.--No operations are contemplated until the terms of local cooperation have been met by local interests. Recommended modifications of prdject.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists mostly of the trans- portation of logs and lumber products, and importation of miscel- laneous merchandise, the limits of draft being 3 to 25 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......................................... ................. 126,204 $1,292,038 (1) 1 No report. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work--------------------------------------------------------- Maintenance------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- $12, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................... ... ........... ............ ........... Expended for maintenance................. ............... .....-.......... Appropriated or allotted... ...... ........ ......... . .0......00.0 ........... . Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919- $12, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended__---------------------------- 12, 000.00 8. OLYMPIA HARBOR, WASH. (B4). Location and description.-Olympia Harbor is near the southern end of Puget Sound at the head of Budd Inlet, about 45 miles south- west of Tacoma. The harbor is 21 miles long and 1 mile wide. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6462. Original condition.-The southern end of the harbor was bare at low tide. The northern end had an available depth of about 3 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. EXisting project.--This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean lower low water and 250 feet wide on the east side of the 1908 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. harbor from Fourth Street Bridge in Olympia to deep water in Budd Inlet, with a turning basin 500 feet wide at the inner end, and a channel 12 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide on the west side of the harbor, with a turning basin 800 feet long and 400 feet wide. The extreme tidal range is 21 feet. The range be- tween mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 14.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work is $147,000 (revised in 1899) for the east side of the harbor, and $58,000 (made in 1906) for the west side, a total of $205,000. The latest (1906) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,160. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 13, 1892, provided for the channel on the east side of the harbor (H. Doc. No. 32, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1892, p. 2733), and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel on the west side of the harbor (H. Doc. No. 405, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 2330. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No new work was done. The sum of $170.69 was expended for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the existing project was completed in July, 1912. The controlling depth is 12 feet at mean lower low water. The amount expended to end of the fiscal year was $183,256.52 for new work and $18,811.28 for maintenance, including $8,662.50 for constructing a launch, making a total of $202,067.80. Local cooperation.-In accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests provided 4,620 feet of timber and brush bulkheads for retention of dredged material on the west waterway. The cost of this work is not known. In addi- tion, the city of Olympia has dredged the turning basins at the inner end of the improvement to a depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water, removing over 1,000,000 cubic yards, at a cost, including bulk- heads, of about $200,000. Terminal facilities.-There are two wharves, privately owned. One of these is open to general public use. These facilities are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No definite information as to the effect of the work on freight rates is available. There is sufficient depth in the turning basins to accommodate all Sound steamers of less than 20-foot draft which can reach the Olympia wharves at favorable stages of the tide, and lightering of cargoes previously necessary has been eliminated. Proposed operations.-No operations are proposed except such maintenance as may be necessary, for which there is sufficient money on hand. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the harbor is of a gen- eral character, and is carried on by ocean-going sailing vessels engaged in the lumber trade and by a variety of smaller classes of boats plying between the ports of Puget Sound. The principal com- modities are logs, lumber, fuel oil, machinery, fish, and oysters. The drafts for loaded vessels range from 3 to 15 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT.. 1909 ' Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914..................................................201,504 $985,404 (1) 1915.................................................. 271,406 2,832,987 67,800 1916............................................................. 367,920 2,927,264 (1) 1917....................................................... 283,472 3,977,113 (1) 1918.................................................. 433,396 3,898,513 4,093 1Not reported. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.30: New work-------- -------------------------------------- $183, 256. 52 Maintenance.. Maintenance----_------------------------------------------1,1.2 18, 811. 28 --- Net total expended-_________---_ _ 202, 067. 80 Total appropriations to date of this report----- ______-----205, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............................... ...... ............ .......... Expended for maintenance 1............ 883.67 $1,440.27 $2, 376.65 $379. 14 $170.69 Appropriated or allotted ... ...... .... ................. I........... .......... ".......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpected_-------------- --------------- $3, 102.89 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 170. 69 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------- 2,932.20 9. TACOMA HARBOR, WASH. (B5). Location and description.-This harbor embraces all of Com- mencement Bay, an arm of Puget Sound, 30 miles south of Seattle. This 'bay is about . miles wide and 4 miles long. Several water- ways have been constructed and niumerous others projected in the tidelands at the head of the bay. Those under improvement are the city (or west) waterway and the Puyallup waterway. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6451. Original condition.-A channel on the west side of the city water- way 200 feet wide and 25 feet deep at extreme low water had been dredged by the State of Washington and private owners of abutting lands from deep water to the Eleventh Street Bridge, a distance of approximately 4,000 feet. The remainder of the waterway was bare at extreme low tide. There was no water in the Puyallup waterway at extreme low water. Logs were towed to mills on this waterway at favorable stages of the tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for (a) a city waterway having a channel 500 feet wide and 25 feet deep at extreme low water from deep water in Commencement Bay to the Eleventh Street Bridge, i500 feet wide and 18 feet deep to the Fourteenth Street Bridge, and varying from 500 to 250 feet wide and 15 feet deep from the Four- 1910 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. teenth Street Bridge to the end of this waterway, a total length of 8,500 feet; and (b) for a channel 500 feet wide, 3,650 feet long, and 28 feet deep at extreme low water in the Puyallup waterway. The extreme tidal range is 18.8 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $175,000 for the city waterway; and $240,000 (made in 1904) for the Puyallup waterway. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of city waterway is $3,000. Puyallup waterway will be maintained by local interests. No provision for maintenance of the Puyallup waterway is necessary until after local interests have diverted the Puyallup River. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the city .waterway (H. Doc. No. 76, 56th Cong. 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the Puyallup waterway (H. Doc. No. 520, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of June 25, 1910, required the diversion of Puyallup River (S. Doc. No. 418, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the locality is in the Annual Report for 1905, page 2540. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No new work was done. The sum of $96.22 was expended for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The city waterway was completed in 1905. Considerable shoaling took place, due to sewage and other deposits, and this was removed by dredging under contract in 1917. The project depth is available over the entire waterway, except within 550 feet of the upper end, and possibly very close to the wharves. The amount expended on this waterway was $150,018.58 for improvement and $21,182.55 for maintenance, a total of $171,- 201.13. In addition to this amount, $5,000 was expended from funds furnished by the city of Tacoma on the city waterway. Work on the Puyallup waterway was commenced in 1908, and suspended in April, 1910. At that time 1,811,599 cubic yards of material had been removed. In November, 1909, the channel exca- vated was practically obliterated by filling caused by a flood in the Puyallup River. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, author- ized the suspension of work and directed that no further work be done on this project until local interests diverted the Puyallup River from the waterway or otherwise prevented excessive deposits therein. The Puyallup waterway has shoaled to its original condition, and no navigation is possible except small boats towing logs at high tide. The amount expended on the Puyallup waterway was $159,584.46 for improvement and $4,661.44 for examinations and surveys, a total of $164,245.90. The total'amount expended was $309,603.04 for new work and $25,843.99 for maintenance, a grand total of $33 ,447.03, not including $5,000 contributed funds. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved June, 13, 1902, adopting the project for the improvement of the city water- way, provided: That no part of said amount shall be expended until a release from liability for damages shall be obtained, if any liability exists, arising from a contract between the State of Washington and R. B. Lehman, which said contract is set forth in said document, and the right is obtained, free of charge, to deposit material dredged from said channel upon adjacent tidelands. These conditions were complied with and accepted as satisfactory by the Chief of Engineers on December 8, 1902. The river and har- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1911 bor act approved March 3, 1905, adopting the project for Puyallup waterway, provided: That the United States shall be under no expense for the construction of bulkheads, groins, or filling; and before any portion of this appropriation shall be expended or any contract let for this improvement suitable provision shall be made, to be approved by the Secretary of War, that in the prosecution and completion of the work of dredging said channel the cost and charges for the construction of necessary bulkheads and groins, or for necessary filling, will be furnished upon the demand of the United States engineer in charge, and the design and location of said bulkheads and groins shall be subject to his super- vision, and all necessary filling shall be made in accordance with the plans and specifications furnished by said engineer: And provided further, That no ex- penditure shall be made under this appropriation unless provision satisfactory to the Secretary of War is made for the permanent maintenance of said project, when completed, without expense to the United States. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Secre- tary of War as satisfactory on March 20, 1907. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests are required to divert Puyallup River from Puyallup waterway before the improvement by the United States may be con- tinued. This has not yet been done. In addition to the above cooperation specifically required by Con- gress, several private slips have been dredged by local enterprises, the most important being those of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co., the St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Co., and the Wheeler-Osgood Co. The cost of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co.'s work was reported by the company to be approxi- mately $300,000. During 1917 the city of Tacoma contributed $5,000 for half the expense of restoring city waterway channel where shoal- ing had taken place. This work was done by contract. Terminal facilities.-On the city waterway there are 12 miscel- laneous private wharves and 2 publicly owned wharves, the latter being open to general public use. These facilities are considered ade- quate for the existing commerce. There are no terminals on the Puyallup waterway. Effect of improvement.-There has been no definite effect on freight rates, so far as can be determined, but the improvement of the city waterway has provided suitable facilities for the extensive freight and passenger traffic of Tacoma Harbor. Proposed operations.-No operations are proposed on the Puyallup waterway until measures to prevent its shoaling are taken by local interests. Operations in other portions of the harbor will be con- fined to inspections and surveys such as may be necessary to deter- mine the condition of the channels and to protect the navigable waters against encroachment. The cost of this work will not exceed $500 per year and available funds will suffice until June 30, 1921. Recommended modifications of project.- None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this harbor is of a gen- eral character. The chief commodities are lumber, logs, ores, iron and steel, flour, cotton, silk, rubber, and general merchandise. Local and coastwise traffic, 60 per cent, requires drafts from 7 to 29 feet; foreign commerce, 40 per cent, requires drafts ranging from about 15 to 40 feet. 1912 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914....................... 1,434,168$64,710,679 1917................... 2,912,530 $270,244,460 1915................. 1,587,847 94,251,610 1918........... 2,865,871 321,240,629 1916................... 2,761,624 212,389,619 No report on passenger traffic has been received. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.40: New work __ --------------------- ------------------- $309, 603.04 Maintenance _-----------------------------------------25, 843. 99 Net total expended_______________________________ 1335, 447. 03 Total appropriations to date of this report_ - -- -- 340, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work........................ .............. ................ ............ Expended for maintenance ............... 2,492.43 $2,232.44 $7, 161. 72 $1,175.95 $96.22 Appropriated or allotted............... ..................... ...................... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_---------------------------- $4, 646. 19 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919_-- 3. 00 4, 649. 19 2 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_' 96. 22 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _________---__-__ -------- 4, 552.97 10. SEATTLE HARBOR, WASH. (B6). Location and description.-This harbor includes all waterways within the city limits of Seattle. The chief anchorage basin is Elliott Bay, an arm of Puget Sound, 30 miles north of Tacoma. This bay is 2 miles wide and 4 miles long. The East and West Water- ways have been excavated in the shallow tide flats at the mouth of the Duwamish River. The Duwamish Waterway has been dredged through the valley of the Duwamish River, a tributary of Elliott Bay. All of these waterways are tidal, with an aggregate length of about 71 miles. The Lake Washington Ship Canal, which connects Puget Sound with Lakes Union and Washington, is covered by a separate report. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6445. Original condition.-The available depths in Elliott Bay were ample for all classes of vessels. The Duwamish River was formed by the junction of the Black and White Rivers and flowed in a northwesterly direction to Elliott Bay, a distance of 8-2 miles in a direct line, but 14 miles by the river. At its mouth the river spread over a tide flat area about 1 miles wide. From its source to mouth SIn addition to this amount $5,000 was expended from contributed funds. 2Not.deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH.) DISTRICT. 1913' its depth averaged approximately 4 feet at mean lower low water, with one channel over the tide fiats, with controlling depth of 2 feet at mean lower low water. Prior to the acceptance of these waterways for the purpose of maintenance by the United States the improvement of the Duwamish Waterway had been undertaken by local interests under plans contemplating a channel 20 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 feet wide for a distance of about 4 miles in the lower Duwamish River, but the work had'not been completed. The East and West Waterways, 34 feet deep at mean lower low water and 500 feet wide between pierhead lines, had been dredged by the State of Washington for distances of 6,500 and 5,200 feet, respec- tively, from the pierhead line in Elliott Bay, with a channel of the same depth, 400 feet wide between pierhead lines, and 4,000 feet long connecting the West Waterway with the Duwamish Waterway. The proposed channel to connect the East Waterway and Duwamish Waterway had not been dredged. Previous projects.--There was no previous project except the snag- ging done in connection with the improvement of Puget Sound and its tributary waters. For further details of previous project see page 2006, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for maintenance of the East and West Waterways to a depth of 34 feet at mean lower low water with a width of 750 feet for distances of 6,500 and 5,200 feet, re- spectively, from the pierhead line in Elliott Bay; and for the main- tenance of the Duwamish Waterway to a depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water with a bottom width of 150 feet from the connection with the West Waterway as far south as the Eighth Avenue South bridge, a distance of 17,000 feet, or 3.22 miles, when completed to these dimensions by local interests. The length of the section included in the project is 5.43 miles. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.28 feet. The latest (1918) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $15,000 for the East Waterway, $25,000 for the West Waterway, and $40,000 for the Duwamish Waterway. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (S. Doc. No. 313,. 65th Cong., 3d sess.) The latest published map of the locality is in House Document No. 54, Sixty-fifth Con- gress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.--No work has been done, and no money expended. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, adopting the project for the maintenance of the Duwamish Waterway, provided: That no part of said appropriation shall be available for said purpose until said improvements shall be completed to project dimensions to said point: Provided further, That local interests shall furnish a place of deposit for the dredged material and the bulkheads necessary to confine such material. These conditions have not been complied with, but dredging is now under way and will probably be completed this season. The State of Washington has expended $3,765,000, the Duwamish Waterway Commission and King County together $1,750,000, mak- ing a total of $5,515,000 that has been expended by local interests for the improvement of these waterways. 1914 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 wharves on the East Waterway, 3 on the West Waterway, and 3 on the Duwamish Waterway. The wharves are open to general public use, and are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done by the Federal Government. Proposed operations.No work will be done on the Duwamish Waterway until completed to project dimensions by local interests. The east and west waterways will be maintained at project depth by redredging when necessary. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of Seattle Harbor is as fol- lows: Imports, coal, fuel oil, logs, food supplies, and general mer- chandise; exports, structural steel, machinery, lumber, tin, cotton, fish, hardware, and general merchandise. Local and coastwise traf- fic, forming 60 per cent, requires drafts of about 7 to 25 feet; foreign traffic, about 25 to 40 feet. No accurate data on drafts could be.ob- tained. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914............. ......... ................ 3,162,625 $157,465,293 7,151,279 1915......... .. .. .................................... 4,161,511 268,614,390 3,323,438 1916............... .............. ..................... 4,359,476 409,968,905 2,985,031 1917......... .... .................................. 4,850,627 599,590,955 3,579,436 1918.... ........ .. ...... ............................. 5,947,917 792,120,561 4,702,336 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work---------------- Maintenance--------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------------$80, 000 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................... . ............ ............ .. ..... ......... Expended for maintenance........... . ..... .... ............ ..... .. ... ... ............ Appropriated or aillted.................................................. $80,000 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ $80, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ------------------------------- 80, 000. 00 11. LAKE WASHINGTON SHIP CANAL, WASH. (B7). Location and-description.-This improvement lies entirely within the city of Seattle and extends from Puget Sound, through Shilshole Bay, Salmon Bay, Lake Union, and Union Bay to deep water in Lake Washington. The distance by channel from deep water in Puget Sound to deep water in Lake Washington is approximately 8 miles. The drainage area of Lake Washington and Cedar River watersheds is 580 square miles and the discharge 12,000 second-feet during the flood season and about 50 second-feet during the dry RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1915 season. The tidal reach extends to the locks, approximately 14 miles. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6447. Original condition.--There was no connection between Lakes Union and Washington. Lake Washington, through the Black and Duwamish Rivers, had a navigable connection with Puget Sound with sufficient capacity for the transportation of logs. Lake Union had no navigable connection with Salmon Bay. Salmon and Shil- shole Bays were navigable at high tide, but both bays were prac- tically dry at extreme low tide. At mean lower low tide a narrow, crooked channel approximately 24 miles long and about 3 feet deep extended from Puget Sound to near the head of Salmon Bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and modified by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended on the original and modified project prior to commencement of operations under existing project in 1910 was $485,002.45, all of which was for survey and improvement by dredging. For further details of previous projects see page 2003, Annual Report for 1915. Emisting project.-This provides for a double lock and fixed dam with movable crest and necessary accessory works at the Narrows at the entrance to Salmon Bay, approximately 14 miles from deep water in Puget Sound; for a channel from the locks to deep water in Puget Sound, 30 feet deep at extreme low water and 150 feet wide; for the revetment of the canal banks between the locks and Lake Union and between Lakes Union and Washington; and for the excavation by King County or other local agency of a channel 75 feet wide and 25 feet deep at low water from the locks into Lake Washington. The following. table shows the principal features of the double lock and dam (the structures are located at Seattle, Wash.) : Large lock. Small lock. Miles above mouth..................................................... .1 1 Clear width of chamber ............... .............................. feet.. 80 30 Maximum available length ................... ......... .................... do.... 760 123 Lift......... ............................ do... 26 26 Depth on upper miter sill ................ ..... ...... .... .............. do... 36 16 Depth on intermediate miter sill 2................................ ..... do.... 25 ........ Depth on lower miter sill 2. .................. ................ ........ do... 25 12 Character of foundation .................... .......................... Clay. Clay. Kind of dam ............. ............................................ (3) (3) Type of construction ....................................................... ... (4) Year conipleted..................................................... 191 1916 Estimated cost.................................. ............................... (5) (5) 1 Low water in upper pool. 4 Concrete. 2Extreme low water inPuget Sound. 5Estimated cost of double lock and dam, $2,275,000. 3 Fixed dam with movable crest. The length of section included in this project is about 8 miles. The extreme tidal range is 19 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.3 feet. The ordinary fluctuation in the upper pool is approximately 6 inches, and the extreme fluctuation is 2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $3,280,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The cost of maintenance is defrayed from the permanent indefinite appropria- tion for operating and care of canals and other works of navigation. 1916 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, as modified by the act of March 4, 1913, provided for a double lock and fixed dam with movable crest and necessary accessory works at the entrance to Salmon Bay, and excavation by local interests of a channel from the locks into Lake Washington (H. Doc. No. 953, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided funds for completion of the emergency dam and dredging below the locks; and the act of August 8, 1917, pro- vided for dredging below the locks and revetting canal banks (H. Doc. No. 800, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 800, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-By hired labor and Government plant surveys were made along the" canal in the vicinity of Fourteenth Avenue NW., in connection with the removal of the bridges at this point. Surveys to locate harbor lines were made in the vicinity of Fifteenth Avenue NW. and Twenty-fourth Avenue NW. Frequent inspections were made of the canal banks. Surveys were made to locate a dolphin marking.entrance to channel below the locks and a dolphin and back range marking the axis of the channel. The dolphins were constructed by the Lighthouse Depart- ment. A fence was constructed on the north side of the Portage cut. A plan was made showing completed channel below the locks. Plans showing details of the locks and dam as actually constructed are being made. Under contract about 215,000 cubic yards was dredged from the channel between the Great Northern Railway bridge below the locks and deep water in Puget Sound, completing a channel 150 feet wide on the bottom to a depth of 30 feet at mean lower low water. The expenditures during the year from Federal funds were $83,076.57 for new work and $1,425.07 for maintenance, a total of $84,501.64. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 80 per cent completed. The locks and dam have been completed by hired labor and Government plant. Under contract, and with funds contributed by King County and the State of Washington, a channel 36 feet deep and 100 feet wide on the bottom has been dredged from the locks into Lake Union, and from the upper end of Lake Union into deep water in Lake Washington a channel 26 feet deep and 75 feet wide on the bottom has been dredged, except through the cut at the Portage, where it is 100 feet wide on the bottom and 30 to 36 feet deep. The water from the locks to Lake Washington is nontidal, and is maintained at a normal elevation of 25 feet above extreme low tide of Puget Sound. Under contract, a channel 5,500 feet in length has been dredged 150 feet wide on the bottom and 30 feet deep at mean lower low water, between the locks and deep water in Puget Sound. The con- trolling depths at the end of the fiscal year were as follows: Between the locks and deep water in Puget Sound, 30 feet at mean lower low water; between the locks and Lake Union, 33 feet; and between Lake Union and Lake Washington, 26 feet. The work remaining to be done is as follows: Dredging the chan- nel below the locks to project dimensions, 150 feet wide and 34 feet deep at mean lower low water (30 feet at extreme low water) ; revet- RIVERS AND HARBORS--SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1917 ting 3,900 feet of canal banks between Salmon Bay and Lake Union; and construction and installation of emergency dam. The only work remaining to be done by local interests is the com- pletion of the channel at Sixth Avenue NE. (Latona) as soon as the bridges at this point have been removed. The city of Seattle and the Puget Sound Traction, Light & Power Co. have agreed to do this work at their expense for the privilege of maintaining the present bridges until the completion of the new city bridge at Tenth Ave- nue NE. The expenditures under the existing project were $2,537,135.75 for new work and $34,831.71 for maintenance, a total of $2,571,967.46. In addition, there has been expended by the State of Washington $246,187.70 and by King County $742,050.66 in the excavation of the channel above the locks and the construction of concrete revet- ment in the cut at the Portage. Local cooperation.-Rightof way and flowage rights for the canal were secured for the-United States by King County and were ac- cepted as satisfactory by the Secretary of War on June 22, 1900. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests- were required to do the excavation in the waterway above the lock to the dimensions recommended in said project, and will also secure the United .States from liability from any claims or damages on account of the grant made to James A. Moore or his assigns by the act of Congress approved June 11, 1906, or on account of the lowering of the level of Lake Washington, raising the level of Salmon Bay, or any other alteration of the level of any part of said waterway. These conditions were- complied with and accepted by the Secretary of War on June 30, 1911. Under the terms of the act of Congress local interests were required to dredge a channel above the lock site into Lake Washington not less than 25 feet deep at low water and 75 feet wide on the bottom; but, under contracts by King County and the State of Washington, a channel 36 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide on the bottom has been dredged from the locks into Lake Union, while from the upper end of Lake Union into deep water in Lake Washington a channel has been dredged 26 feet deep at low water and 75 feet wide on the bottom, except through the portage cut between Lakes Union and Washington, where it is from 30 to 36 feet deep and 100 feet wide on the bottom. The temporary controlling works for the regulation of the levels of Lakes Union and Washington were removed and the north and south banks of the portage cut, for a distance of about 1,000 feet, have been protected by a concrete revetment. Brush and rock revetment was placed on the slopes of the cut between Lake Union and Salmon Bay for a distance of 2,975 linear feet and the work under contracts for exca- vation in Black River was completed. Terminal facilities.-In Salmon Bay there are two wharves owned by the city of Seattle, open to general public use; five privately owned wharves and one railroad-car ferry slip, not open to general public use. Lake Union has two publicly owned wharves, one of which is used exclusively by the Navy Department and one open to general public use. There are also three privately owned wharves not open to general public use. All of the foregoing wharves are built of piles and timber and can accommodate deep-draft vessels. Lake Washington has only three wharves of any importance. Tlhese 1918 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS,. U. S. ARMY, 1919. are publicly owned and are open to general public use. They will accommodate vessels of shallow draft. These facilities are consid- ered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No effect on freight rates is anticipated, but the completed project will, make accessible to deep-sea vessels, both for coastwise and oversea trade, a large fresh-water basin of practically constant level with a shore line of 100 miles. Proposed operations.-With.the Federal funds on hand it is pro- posed- To purchase and install emergency dam for the large lock. The funds set aside for this purpose are $200,000; but in view of the pres- ent high cost of steel and machinery it is not certain that this amount will be adequate. To revet the banks of the canal between Salmon Bay and Lake Union where necessary to prevent the encroachment of the channel on private property. It is expected that the available funds will suffice for the most urgent operations to June 30, 1921, and no additional funds are re- quested at this time. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-For statement of traffic passing through the canal see report under " Operating and care of Lake Washington Ship Canal." For complete Sttigties of Seattle Hatrbor see 'report under " Seattle Harbor, Wash." Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $16,530.95: New work--------------------------------------- $3,022, 138. 20 Maintenance----------------------------------------- 34, 831. 71 Net total expended----------- ---- -------- 3, 056, 969. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------ 3, 345, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1-...$............. 1464, 129.37 $417,355.88 $226,553.56 $88,021.47 $83,076.57 Expended for maintenance 1............... 5, 529.86 980. 18 7,496.99 3,716. 17 1, 425.07 Total expended 1................... 469,659.23 418,336. 06 234,050.55 91, 737. 64 84, 501.64 Appropriated or allotted................. 392,500.00 ........... 348,000.00 200,000.00 ... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-------------------------- $372, 655. 23 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ----------------- 376. 50 373, 031. 73 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work----------------------------- $83,076.57 For maintenance- -- ------------------- 1, 425. 07 84, 501.64 -___ July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ---------- 288, 530. 09 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-_---------- 330. 42 ±Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1919 July 1, 1919, balance available----------------------------- $288,199. 67 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------ 457, 000. 00 12. SNOHOMISH RIVER, WASH. (B8). Location and description.-SnohomishRiver is formed by the junc- tion of the Snoqualmie and Skykomish Rivers, 21 miles from Puget Sound. It flows northwesterly and empties into Puget Sound through Eby Slough, Steamboat Slough, Union Slough, and Old River, the latter being a part of Everett Harbor, Wash. The width between banks is 400 to 1,000 feet. The drainage area is about 1,822 square miles. There are no discharge data available. The river is tidal for about 18 miles above its mouth. See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 6448. Original condition. The mouth of Old River Channel was practi- cally dry at low water. It was used as a storing and sorting ground for logs and was navigable for tugs and light-draft boats at favor- able stages of the tide. Steamboat Slough was used by light-draft boats and was the most important outlet of the river. The river was navigable throughout its length for steamers of about 3-foot draft, and for towing and floating logs. Previous projects.-The original project for the improvement of Everett Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and modified by joint resolution of Congress approved April 23, 1902. The amount expended on original and modified projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $411,709.14 for new work and $5,868.63 for maintenance, a total of $417,577.77. For further details of previous projects see page 2005 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the concentration of tidal flow and river currents by means of a training dike extending across the bar at the outlet of the Old River Channel to a connection with the existing dike or bulkhead in Everett Harbor, the reinforcement of parts of the old bulkhead, the construction of closing dikes and mattress sills across subsidiary sloughs of the main river, and the dredging of a channel 75 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean lower low water from the deep channel heretofore excavated in Everett Harbor to the mouth of Steamboat Slough. The length of improvement under this project is 5.5 miles. The extreme tidal range is 18 feet. The range between mean lower low water-and mean higher high water is 11.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $280,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The 'project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1108, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 649, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No new work was done. The sum of $100 was expended for maintenance. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 125851-ENG 1919--121 1920 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed by contract. Dike work was commenced in September, 1911, and completed in September, 1912, except the closing dikes at Steamboat and Eby Sloughs, which were omitted. Dredging was commenced in February, 1912, and completed in May, 1914, by the removal of 875,400 cubic yards of material, of which 96,771 cubic yards was overdepth. Extensive shoaling has taken place in the dredged channel, and it is estimated that not more than 50 per cent of the original dredged cut remains. A serious result of the improvement has been the fill- ing of the dredged basin in Everett Harbor, and this filling will be progressive as long as the present outlet for the river is maintained. The maximum draft which could be carried over the shoalest part of the improvement at mean lower low water on June 30, 1919, was 1 foot. The expenditures under the existing project were $231,818.60 for new work and $20,108.81 for maintenance, a total of $251,927.41. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of three sawmill wharves and one publicly owned wharf, the latter open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of irmprovement.-The increased depths, particularly across the flats at the mouth of the river, have facilitated the movement of log rafts, which make up the most important part of the commerce of the Snohomish River. Proposed operations.-Pendingthe result of the examinations and surveys ordered by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, and July 27, 1916, no work other than necessary inspections, surveys, care of plant, etc., is contemplated. The cost of this work will not exceed $500 per year during the fiscal years 1920 and 1921 and available funds are sufficient for the purpose. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-- one. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists chiefly of lumber traffic and the towing of logs and piles, and requires drafts of 4 to 8 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value 1914.......... ... .... . 834,651 $4,405,380 1917............... .... 1,038,477 $6,079,809 1915..................... 898,141 4,299,736 1918..................... 1,168, 569 7, 788, 665 1916 ....................... 980, 859 4,867,271 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $23: New work___________---------------------------------- $643, 527.74 Maintenance ------- -------------------- -------------- - 25, 977. 44 Net total expended-------------------------------- 669, 505. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------- 697, 577. 77 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1921 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work....................... ........................ Expended for maintenance 1............... 1, 633. 26 $1,812.60 $2,611.57 $251.42 $100. 00 Appropriated or allotted................... .................... ....... .. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balanqe unexpended_ - $28, 172. 59 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 100.. O. July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-__________ -___-__ 28, 072. 59 13. SKAGIT RIVER, WASH. (B9). Location and description.-The Skagit River rises in the Cascade Mountains in British Columbia, flows in a southwesterly direction, and empties into Puget Sound 50 miles north of Seattle. The river is about 150 miles long, of which 130 miles is in the United States, and its width between banks is about 350 feet. It has a drainage area of approximately 3,084 square miles and is tidal for about 17 miles above its mouth. There are no discharge data available. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6300. Original condition.-This river was navigable for boats of about 3-foot draft at all stages of water from the bar at its mouth to Mount Vernon, 11 miles, and at all stages except extreme low water to Avon, 3 nilersabove Mount Vernon. During ordinary high water the river was navigable for towing and rafting logs as far as Sauk River, 68 miles from its mouth. Navigation between the deep water in the river and deep water in Saratoga Passage was impracticable except on tides, due to a bar about 3 miles wide at the mouth of the river. Between this point and Mount Vernon the controlling depth was lim- ited to 2z feet at ncian lower low water by Skagit City bar, about 6 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-There was no previous project except the snagging done in connection with the improvement of Puget Sound and its tributary waters. For further details of previous project, see page 2006, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a low-water channel froml Saratoga Passage to the river by the construction of a training dike from the mouth of the South Fork of the Skagit River, across the flats to deep water in Saratoga Passage, regulating dikes and mat- tress sill near the head of North Fork, and closing subsidiary chan- nels at the delta of the river and to increase the available depth at Skagit City bar by combined dredging operations and training walls. The length of the section included in the project is 9- miles. The extreme tidal range at the mouth of the river is 20.5 feet; the range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $130,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the work below the bar (H. Doc. No. 1188, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the improvement of the bar (H. Doc. No. 935, 63d 1922 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Cong., 2d sess.). The latter document contains the latest map of the locality. Operation and results during/ fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions under new work. The sum of $2,434.40 was expended for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The mattress sill and closing dikes in the river had been constructed and the training dike, 10,450 feet long, completed. Due to the increased cost, the training dike is 5,550 feet less than the project length. The work, which was done by contract, commenced in November, 1910, and was completed in August, 1911. Since completion minor repairs have been made to dikes as necessary. The dikes as constructed are in good condition and it is not anticipated that further extension of the training dike will be necessary. The controlling depth over the bar is 11 feet at mean lower low water. The expenditures under the existing project was $99,829.80 for new work and $4,020.46 for maintenance, a total of $103,850.26. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, adopting the project for improvement of Skagit City bar, pro- vided: That before work on this project is commenced, the report shall be referred to the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors for review as to whether the project should be modified to meet existing conditions or whether condi- tions of local cooperation should be imposed. The review of this project is now in progress. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf at Mount Vernon. It is open to general public use, and is considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-There has been no direct effect on freight rates, so far as known, but the improvement has facilitated the passage of boats over the bar at low stages of the tide. Proposed operations.-Pending result of reexamination by the Board of Engineers as provided by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, no operations are proposed. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists chiefly of the trans- portation of logs, sand and gravel, fuel oil, farm products, condensed milk, and miscellaneous merchandise, requiring drafts of 3 to 5 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914.................................... ...... .............. 468,887 $5, 597,646 1,534 1915.......................... ............................... 412,534 4,881,962 (1) 1916 .......................... ........................... 430,747 5,356,162 2,215 1917............... ................................. 554, 797 9,287,915 1,437 1918............. ................................. ........... 733,022 11,533,174 1,305 1 No report. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. .1923 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, .1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,782.67: New work ----------------------------------------------- $99, 829. 80 Maintenance_________________________ 4,020. 46 Net total expended__ 103,850. 26 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------155,000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 13.918 1919 Expended for new work ............................. .................... -........... Expended for maintenance 1... .............. $975.00 2 2,118.33 $1.,649.66 $2, 434. 40 Appropriated or allotted.......... ......... ......... ........................ 30,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 The amount expended in 1918, and balance unexpended July 1, 1918, differ from figures previously reported, on- account of reimbursable expenditures amounting to $41.31 having been erroneously included in report of expenditures for the fiscal year 1918. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------1 $19, 921. 47 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919_ 30, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 - ____ 3, 662. 67 53, 584. 14 2 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for main- tenance ----------------------------------------------------- 2, 434. 40 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------------51, 149. 74 14. SWINOMISH SLOUGH, WASH. (B10). Location and description.-Swinomish (Slough is an inland pas- sage, 11 miles long, between Saratoga Passage and Padilla Bay, in the northwestern part of the State of Washington, about 60 miles north of Seattle. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6300. Original condition.-The slough was crooked and obstructed by shoals in the wider parts and at each end, which limited the available depth to 2 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide on the bottom and 4 feet deep at mean lower low water from deep water in Saratoga Passage to deep water in Padilla Bay, a distance of 11 miles, by dredging and dike construction where necessary. The ex- treme tidal range is 19 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.1 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1892, is $122,000. 3 The latest (1910) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of the completed portion is $2,500. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Doc. No. 31, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1892, p. 2752). For latest published map see House Document No. 860, Sixty-third Congress, second session. 1 The amount expended in 1918 and balance unexpended July 1, 1918, differ from figures previously reported on account of reimbursable expenditures amounting to $41.31 having been erroneously included in report of expenditures for the fiscal year 1918. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SWhile this is the amount of the estimate of cost, it has been exceeded by the amount of the appropriations actually made. 1924 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-A channel of the required depth has been obtained from Saratoga Passage through Skagit Bay to La Conner and northward as far as the Great Northern Rail- way bridge over Padilla Bay, a distance of 9 miles. No work has been done in Padilla Bay, and over the flats there is a narrow, crooked channel with a depth of 3 feet at mean lower low water. Work under the project was commenced under contract in 1893. To control the currents in the south end of the slough, 7,100 linear feet of dike was constructed on the north side of the channel from " Hole in the Wall" to opposite the west end of Goat Island; 3,650 feet on the south side of the channel from the west end of Goat Island to deep water in Saratoga Passage; ,3,500 feet from McGlinns Island to the mainland in the direction of La Conner; and 1,500 linear feet opposite La Conner. A single pile protection dike 4,200 feet long was constructed between Goat and Ika Islands. The work was com- pleted, as far as funds would permit, and channel of project dimen- sions obtained as far as La Conner in 1897. With appropriations made by the river and harbor acts of March 3,1905, March 2,1907, March 3, 1909, and June 25, 1910, dredging was done by contract and hired plant, the dikes were repaired and in some instances re- constructed by hired labor, and a channel of project dimensions ob- tained as far north as the Great Northern bridge over Padilla Bay. The expenditures were $183,029.51 for improvement and $35,861.30 for maintenance, a total of $218,890.81. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf at La Conner. It is open to general public use, and is considered adequate for existing com- merce. Effect of improvement.--So far as known, this improvement has had no effect on freight rates, but it has made available a sheltered passage for light-draft boats, which has been of material benefit in handling log tows and in the shipment of farm products from the vicinity of La Conner. Proposed operations.-The channel dimensions are sufficient for existing commerce and no maintenance operations are proposed dur- ing the fiscal years 1920 and 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce is of a general nature and consists chiefly of farm products, grain bags, fish, agricultural imple- ments, and miscellaneous merchandise. The drafts reported were 4 to 52 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1914 ............ ....... 30,731 $670,826 1917...................... 54,347 $2,509,948 1915..................... 32,925 720,200 1918..................... 9,156 528,649 1916..... ............... 112,224 2,046,596 The decrease in traffic during 1918 appeared to be in nearly all commodities, but chiefly in logs, lumber, flour, feed, and grain. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1925 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting recipts from sales, etc., amounting to $27.55: New work ___--_____-_ $183, 029. 51 Maintenance - ______-________ 35, 861. 30 Net total expended _ 218, 890. 81 Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------____ 224, 602. 36 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................. ............ ........ ............... . . Expended for maintenance 1-............... $3,049.93 $266.07 $1,000.00 Appropriated orallotted ................... ... ..... ............ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-_ ___________ $5, 711. 55 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended __ _- 5, 711. 55 15. ANACORTES HARBOR, WASH. (B11). Location and description.-Anacortes Harbor is on the northern point of Fidalgo Island in Puget Sound, 17 miles south of Belling- ham, Wash., and 64 miles north of Seattle. The main harbor is on Guemes Channel on the north. Cap Sante waterway is a projected channel, defined by State harbor lines, in the shallow waters of Fidalgo Bay, to the east of the city. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6377. Original condition.-The main harbor in Guemes Channel had ample depths, but was exposed to strong tidal currents. Cap Sante waterway was well sheltered, but shallow, the depths ranging from 1 to 6 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Cap Sante waterway, 12 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 to 250 feet wide, between the east side of Q Street and deep water in Fidalgo Bay, a distance of 3,200 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 7.56 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $133,000. No expense for main- tenance is anticipated, as it is expected that the channel will be fairly permanent. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 1117, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) This document con- tains the latest map of the locality. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, local interests were required to provide suitable dumping grounds and necessary bulkheads for the dredged material, to contribute one-third the estimated cost of the improvement, and to furnish evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will provide a suitable terminal on Cap Sante waterway open to the public on equal and reasonable terms. These conditions have not been met, but action is being taken by local interests to comply with the requirements. 1926 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminals on Cap Sante water- way. The terminals on Guemes Channel are privately owned, but are open to all water carriers, subject to wharfage charges. The terminals have railroad connections. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce on the main harbor. Effect of improvement.-No work of improvement has yet been done. Proposed operations.-No operations are contemplated until the terms of local cooperation have been met by local interests. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists chiefly of the trans- portation of lumber products, fish, machinery, foodstuffs, and mis- cellaneous merchandise. Lumber products, 82 per cent, requires drafts of 4 to 10 feet; remaining traffic, 18 per cent, requires 5.9 to 13.7 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918............................................... ... 32,365 $1,662,739 33,658 No statistics were received prior to 1918. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work Maintenance _--- ----------------- Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------$89, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work....................................... .. .................... Expended for maintenance............... ............ ... ....... ....... ....... ................. Appropriated or allotted............. ....... ....................... .......... 89,000.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 $89, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------- 89, 000. 00 16. BELLINGHAM HARBOR, WASH. (B12). Location and description.-Bellingham Harbor is a part of Bell- ingham Bay, an arm of Puget Sound, about 18 miles south of the international boundary and about 100 miles north of Seattle. The harbor is 2 miles wide from east to west and 4 miles long. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6378. Original conditio.n.-The harbor had an average depth of 10 fathoms, but entrance to the city of Bellingham was obstructed by tide flats extending from the meander line to low water, a distance of about 2,400 feet. A system of harbor lines provided for three water- ways over these flats. The Whatcom Creek waterway, the only one under improvement, is 363.2 feet wide, 3,500 feet long from Holly RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1927 Street, New Whatcom (now Bellingham), to the 18-foot curve in Bellingham Bay. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended on this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $56,581.93 for new work and $1,092.05 for maintenance, a total of $57,673.98. For further details of previous project see page 2006 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging Whatcom Creek Waterway for its full width (363.2 feet) to a depth of 26 feet for the outer 3,800 feet and 18 feet deep for the inner 1,300 feet at mean lower low water. The extreme tidal range is 16.5 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 9.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $92,250, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 1161, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) This document con- tains the latest published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Shoaling in the inner portion of Whatcom Creek Waterway was removed by dredging under contract in October and November, 1918. The sum of $6,249.49 was expended for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. The project depths are available. The expenditures under the existing project were $88,554.42 for new work and $12,021.60 for maintenance, a total of $100,576.02. Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, required that local interests provide all necessary bulkheads and groins and pay for all necessary filling, in connection with the im- provement. These conditions were complied with to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War and approved by him on November 22, 1911. In addition to the work required by the act adopting the project, the city of Bellingham has deepened a basin at the inner end of the waterway 1,000 feet long, 330 feet wide, and 35 feet deep at mean lower low water, at a cost of $28,800, and the Bellingham Bay & British Columbia Railway Co. a basin 700 feet long, 200 feet wide, and approximately 30 feet deep at mean lower low water in front of its dock in the outer end of the waterway, at a cost of $30,000. Terminal facilities.-There are nine miscellaneous wharves on Whatcom Creek Waterway, one of which is publicly owned. Two are open to general public use. These facilities are considered ade- quate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-So far as known the improvement has had no direct effect on freight rates, but expensive long wharves across the tide flats are no longer necessary, and the cost of handling freight has been materially .reduced. Proposed operations.-No operations are contemplated, as the project depths have been obtained and shoaling is so gradual that no work will be necessary during the fiscal year 1921. Recommiended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists chiefly of logs, lumber, oil, fish, cement, coal, and miscellaneous merchandise. Local 1928 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. and coastwise traffic, 74 per cent, requires drafts from 5 to 14 feet; foreign commerce, 26 per cent, requires drafts ranging from 10 to 22.6 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers 1914........... ............................ 598,945 $8,671,544 104,369 1915.....,.............................. ... 531,971 9162,243 92,889 1916.... ...................... .... ...................... 480,272 8,604,714 551,300 1917 ............................................ 434,340 10, 846,243 (1) 1918 ... . ........... ................................ 207,427 7,043,772 63,877 1 No report. The decrease in commerce for 1918 was principally in logs, and was probably due to war conditions. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.30: New work --- - -- $145, 136. 35 Maintenance _ -13, 113. 65 Net total expended_ 158, 250. 00 Total appropriatidns to date of this report----------------------- 158, 250. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ....................... ........................ .. ...... Expended for maintenance 1.............. $560.44 $27. 60 $2,000.00 $141. 52 $6, 249.49 Appropriated or allotted...................................... ........ . $6,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. -------------- July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__ ___________ $249. 49 Amount allotted for emergencies, Aug. 6, 1918, act of Mar. 4, 1913_ _- 6, 000. 00 6, 249. 49 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 6, 249.49 17. COLUMBIA RIVER BETWEEN WENATCHEE AND KETTLE FALLS, WASH. (B13). Location and description.-The Columbia River rises in British Columbia, flows south across the eastern part of the State of Wash- ington and west to the Pacific Ocean. It is about 1,200 miles in length. The part included in this improvement is between the towns of Wenatchee and Kettle Falls, Wash., about 242 miles. The drain- age area of the river is about 259,000 square miles. The average low- water season is six months. The discharge at high water is 300,000 second-feet, and at low water 50,000 second-feet. The current is rapid, 2 to 15 miles per hour. The fall per mile is 1 to 7 feet, with an average of 2,. feet. The width between banks is 800 to 1,000 feet. There is no published chart showing the location of the improve- ment. Original condition.-Navigation over this portion of the river was possible with light-draft river boats, but was dangerous due to nu- merous rapids-and rocks obstructing the channel. The head of navi- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1929 gation was Rickey Rapids, 50 miles from the international boundary line. There was no fixed channel. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement between Wenatchee and Bridgeport, Wash., was adopted by the river and har- bor act of August 18, 1894, and $8,005.20 was expended for new work prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907. For further details of previous project see page 2006 of Annual Report for 1915. There was no previous project for improvement between Bridgeport and Kettle Falls, Wash. Existing-project.-This provides for the removal of rock obstruc- tions and the construction of dikes and wing dams between Wenat- chee and Bridgeport, 79 miles; and the removal of rocks and bowlders along the shores between low and high water, those exposed at low water and others which are submerged at low water, to obtain a low- water channel 7 feet deep from Bridgeport to Kettle Falls, 163 miles. Wenatchee is 477 miles from the mouth of the river. The maximum range of water levels is 54 and 60 feet above and below Bridgeport, respectively, and the flood stage is 40 feet throughout. The estimate of cost, revised in 1909, is $167,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The work is of a per- manent nature, which will probably require no work of maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har. bor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the section from Wenatchee to Bridgeport (H. Doc. No. 440, 59th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the section from Bridge- port to Kettle Falls (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 16, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map of the section below Bridgeport. The latest published map of the section above Bridgeport is in the document last referred to. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The only work during the year was care and disposition of plant and property. The sum of $5,342.06 was expended and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Wenatchee to Bridgeport, Wash.: Under previous- project the most dangerous rocks at Rocky Reach and Methow Rapids had been removed. The present project was completed as far as justified by commerce on' the river, with the exception of the dikes and wing dams, which were omitted, and a channel 5 feet deep at low water between Wenatchee and Bridgeport obtained. All work was done by hired labor and Government plant. Work commenced in December, 1908, and was carried on during the low-water seasons of 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, and completed on April 30, 1912, as far as funds would permit. A channel 3,300 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 5 feet deep was dredged at Entiat Rapids. There has been no deterioration of the channel. The head of navigation is Rickey Rapids. The expenditures on this section under the existing project were $66,148.36 for new work and $851.64 for maintenance, a total of $67,000. Bridgeport to Kettle Falls, Wash.: Three drill scows were con- structed and work of rock removal, commencing at Bridgeport, has been carried on by hired labor and Government plant during the low-water stages (about six months of each year) since November, 1911. The amount of money provided was not sufficient to do all the work covered by the original estimate. The most serious obstruc- 1930 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tions throughout the improvement have been removed. All work now contemplated between Bridgeport and Grand (or Rickey) Rapids is completed. While the project depth of 7 feet has not been obtained over all parts of the improvement, the removal of obstruc- tive rocks has made the river safely navigable at all stages except high water from Wenatchee to Grand Rapids. The expenditures were $200,236.97 for new work and $6,884.79 for maintenance, a total of $207,121.76. The expenditures on both sections, exclusive of the expenditures under previous project, were $266,385.33 for new work and $7,736.43 for maintenance, a total of $274,121.76. Local cooperation.-The State of Washington provided $50,000 to be expended in the removal of obstructing rocks between Pasco and the international boundary line. A stern-wheel river steamer was purchased and operated by the State, and a small amount of rock removal was done on this part of the river. After exhaustion of State funds the steamer was loaned to the United States and was used from 1911 to 1914 as a tender for drill scows and in towing and placing scows on the river. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-Below Bridgeport the improvement has had no effect on freight rates, but navigation has been made less dangerous. A railroad now parallels this portion of the river, and no boats are operated at present. Above Bridgeport there has been no direct effect on freight rates, but navigation has been made rea- sonably safe and has furnished an outlet by water for the products of a rich and productive country, a portion of which is not reached by railroads. Proposed operations.-No work is contemplated, as the most seri- ous obstructions to navigation have been removed; and while the work contemplated by the original project has not been completed, further improvement can not be secured except at an expenditure that is not warranted by present or reasonably prospective commerce on this section of the river. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The building of a railroad paralleling this portion of the river (Wenatchee to Bridgeport) has caused the cessa- tion of boat traffic, which can not compete on account of the swift currents in the river. No commercial statistics have been obtained for the past five years. The river above Bridgeport is used to a limited extent, but boat owners have so far failed to furnish commercial statistics. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9,171.53: New work--------- ------------------------------ $274, 390. 53 Maintenance ------------------------------------- 7, 736. 43 Net total expended---------------------------------- 282, 126. 96 Total appropriation to.date of this report-........ ---- 288, 505. 20 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1931 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. ....... . . . . $30,347.81 $10,926.62 $10,356.40 Expended for maintenance 1. . 373.65 $1,870.72 $5,342.06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expended 1. .... 30,347.81 10,926.62 10,730.05 1,870.72 5,342.06 Appropriated or allotted.............. 45,000.00 ....................... 000.00 2, 500. 0 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ___________________________ $1, 137. 52 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1915___ 2, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-----------__---- 8, 082. 78 11,720. 30 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year,' for maintenance_ 5, 342. 06 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended 6, 378.24 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ 11. 15 July 1, 1919, balance available------ ------------------- 6, 367. 09 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $35,981.63: New work-----------------------___-- $4, 977, 570. 96 Maintenance_______ ------------- __ 707, 494. 58 Net total expended-----------------------------------5, 685, 065. 54 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------6, 289, 335. 33 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.................. $553, 709.85 $442, 372.18 $236,909.96 $88,021.47 $83,076.57 Expended for maintenance 1............. 82,939.93 31, 213.16 40,295.77 232,560.83 41,322.36 Total expended 1.................. 636,649.78 473,585.34 277,205.73 2120,582.30 124,398.93 Appropriated or allotted........... ..... 452,500.00 ............ 348,000.00 233,400.00 "268,500.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended _ _________________________ $448, 041. 77 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1915_ 2, 500. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918- ----------------- --------------- - 10, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, - 1919 ------------------------------------------------ 250, 000. 00 Amount allotted for emergencies, Aug. 6, 1918, act of Mar. 4, 1913_ 6, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919------------_ 12, 126. 95 728, 668. 72 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work ------- ------------------- $83, 076. 57 For maintenance -------____________ 41, 322. 36 124, 398. 93 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------------------------- 604, 269. 79 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_- ___ __-____----__ 1, 507. 98 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. a The amount expended in 1918 and balance unexpended July 1, 1918, differ from figures previously reported, on account of reimbursable expenditures amounting to $41.31 having been erroneously included in report of expenditures for the fiscal year 1918. 1932 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1919, balance available, including $99,638.62 available only for maintenance------------------------------------------- 602, 761. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------------- 1457, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ------------------------------------ 27, 000. 00 18. OPERATING AND CARE OF LAKE WASHINGTON SHIP CANAL, WASH. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash. See pages 1914 to 1918, where general information regarding the im- provement can be found. The large lock has been operated and main- tained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since April 8, 1916. The small lock and dam have been operated under the same appropriation since July 30, 1916. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work carried on is the operation of both locks and the dam, and maintenance of gates, valves, machinery, buildings, and grounds. Both locks were oper- ated throughout the year, and necessary repairs were made, the work being done with hired labor. The expenditures were $71,349.58. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The double lock and dam were completed in 1916. For details, see report on "Lake Washington Ship Canal." The total expenditure from the permanent indefinite appropriation was $219,913.68. Proposed operations.-The locks and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists chiefly of lumber traffic and the towing of logs, piles, fuel oil, sand and gravel, cement, creosote, structural steel, bricks, and tile. The present usual limit of draft for loaded boats making use of the canal is as follows: Feet. Fish boats __ _ _ _ _ _ - 7 (1 per cent of traftic) Log rafts and barge traffic---------------- ----- 11 (96 per cent of traffic) Lumber schooners_ __ _ _ ----- 22 (3 per cent of traffic) The traffic in commodities through the canal, except that in logs and lumber, has been made possible by the work already completed under the project. Prior to opening the canal, traffic did not extend easterly beyond the confines of Salmon Bay, and consisted mainly of logs and lum- ber; the quantity of those commodities moved has been increased and many additional ones have appeared, since towing in and out of Lakes Union and Washington has been made possible by the opening of the entire canal. No lines of transportation have been abandoned; but s4nce no traffic was possible in an easterly direction beyond Salmon Bay prior to the opening of the waterway, all boats and tows using the canal between Salmon Bay and Lakes Union and Washington constitute new lines of transportation of an irregular character, the traffic not 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1933 yet being of sufficient extent to justify the permanent establishment of regular lines. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1916(Aug.1 to Dec. 31)........................................... 323, 631. $1, 898, 057 869 11, 1917................................................... .. ...... 650,307 4,254,202 28,350 1918............................................................. 765,429 6,521,130 20,459 NOME HARBOR AND APOON MOUTH OF YUKON RIVER, ALASKA. (GROUP C.) 19. APOON MOUTH OF YUKON RIVER, ALASKA (Cl). Location and description.-The Yukon River rises in British Co- lumbia, flows in a general westerly direction across Alaska, and empties into Norton Sound, an arm of Bering Sea. The river is about 2,000 miles long. Apoon Mouth is the most easterly of the delta outlets and empties into Pastol Bay, in the southwestern part of Norton Sound, about 70 miles east of St. Michael Harbor and 115 miles south of Nome Harbor, Alaska. There are no discharge or drainage data available. The entire mouth is affected by tide. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 9302 and 9372. Original condition.-Yukon River was and is navigable for river boats (maximum draft 5 feet 10 inches) to the international bound- ary, or about 1,500 miles. The general depths in Apoon Mouth were from 6 to 13 feet at mean lower low water, but at two localities the channel had shoaled to 2.9 feet over bars, and the width of the chan- nel at three bends was not sufficient to accommodate the river boats. The channel varied in width from 250 to 700 feet. A bar or " hog- back " in Pastol Bay, near the mouth of the river, limited the avail- able depth to about 1 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 250 to 300 feet wide and not less than 2) feet deep at mean lower low water through the bar or " hogback " in Pastol Bay, and 6 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 feet wide through the bars in Apoon Mouth, with suitable widening at the bends. The length of the section included in the project is about 7 miles. The extreme tidal range is 6 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $175,000. No provision has been made for maintenance, as the work under the project is not sufficiently advanced to determine what maintenance work will be required. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the channel in Apoon Mouth (H. Doc. No. 556, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the channel through the bar or " hogback" (H. Doc. No. 991, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest map of the lo- cality is published in the document last referred to. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations. The sum of $904.69 was expended for inspections and office expenses and charged to maintenance. 1934 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work on the original project com- inenced under contract in 1912 and was completed in 1913. A total of 11.9,545 cubic yards of material was dredged and a channel of project dimensions obtained. During the fiscal year 1915, 35,030 cubic yards of material was removed in widening a bend near the mouth of Pastolik River. The work was done under an open-market agreement with the former contractor, who had a dredging plant on the river. The last inspection was made on July 6, 1918, and it is believed that no shoaling has occurred, and a channel at mean lower low water sufficient for boats drawing 6 feet still obtains. On this work $128,896.04 has been expended for new work, and $2,153.83 for maintenance, a total of $131,049.87. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has had no effect on freight rates, but the navigable capacity of the channel has been im- proved, and it is no longer necessary for river boats to wait for favorable tides in navigating the river proper. Proposed operations.-No work is contemplated, as the deteriora- tion of the channel will not delay the existing or reasonably pros- pective commerce to a sufficient extent to justify the expenditure. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-No commercial statistics were obtainable previous to 1916, and complete information is not available. The chief commodities reported are fuel oil, machinery, canned fish, and general merchandise, requiring drafts of 5 to 6 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 19161 ............. ........................... ......... 48,100 (2) (3) 1917 1.................. .................... 34,315 (2) (3) 1918 1............................................................. 13,470 $2,223,773 259 1 Incomplete. 2 Unknown. 3No report. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work_ ------------------- $128, 896. 04 Maintenance _______ 2, 153. 83 Net total expended _-_ 131, 049. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report_ -- 175, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work....... ........ $................................ $22,571.60 .. Expended for maintenance ............... .......... $134. 00 ........... $1, 115. 14 $904.69 Total expended.................. . 22,571.60 134.00 .... 1,115.14 :..... 904.69 Appropriated or allotted .. .. .................. . ... .... 00. ........... RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1935 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_________________________ $44, 854. 82 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 904. 69 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ 43,950. 13 20. NOME HARBOR, ALASKA (C2). Location and description.-Nome Harbor is the portion of Norton Sound in front of the city of Nome, Alaska, at the mouth of the Snake River. It is a shallow, open roadstead about 115 miles north of the Apoon mouth of the Yukon River and 125 miles northwest of St. Michael Harbor. The Snake River is a small stream, about 20 miles long, which rises in the plateau north of Nome and empties into Nome Harbor. It has a drainage area of approximately 110 square miles and a discharge of 25 to 650 second-feet. The width between banks is about 125 feet. The length of tidal reach is one- half mile. Near its mouth and within the limits of the Federal town site of Nome the river broadens out. into a tidal slough, which at high tide covers an area of about 200 acres. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 9380. Original condition.-The harbor was a shallow, open roadstead. The river mouth was obstructed by a sand bar with a depth of about 14 feet, except in the river channel, which was about 30 feet wide and 2 to 3 feet deep. Outside the bar the depth increased gradually from 6 feet to 14 feet at 1,400 feet from shore. Inside the bar the depth was about 6 feet. The available depth in the Snake River was 5 to 6 feet. (All references are mean lower low water.) The head of navigation in the Snake River was about one-half mile above its mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for two parallel timber and con- crete jetties, each 400 feet long, at the mouth of Snake River, and a channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low water from Norton Sound, through Snake River, to the mouth of Bourbon and Dry Creeks, in the city of Nome, ending in a basin of similar depth 200 feet wide and 250 feet long, and revetting the banks of the river. The length of the section included in the project is 1,500 feet. The extreme tidal range is 2.8 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 1.4 feet. The water levels are more de- pendent on wind than tide, an offshore wind sometimes causing a level of 2 to 3 feet below mean lower low water for days at a time, and a level of 14 feet above mean lower low water having been noted as result of storms. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1917, is $95,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,500 for the first year and $7,500 per year thereafter, of which $2,500 per year is to be contributed by the city of Nome. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917. (H. Doc. No. 1932, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contracts were made for dredging and revetment, and the construction of the east jetty was undertaken by hired labor. Plant and materials were assembled at the site, but no construction work was done during the year. The sum of $16,027.01 was expended for new work. 125851--ENG 1919-122 1936 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No constructioni work was done prior to the close of the fiscal year. The sum of $16,648.87 has been expended for new work. Local cooperation.-In accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, the city of Nome has furnished evidence, accepted by the Secretary of War on December 22, 1917, that it will contribute $2,500 annually toward the maintenance of the improvement and furnish all lands or easements necessary to the proper execution of the work. Terminal facilities.-Traffic from ocean vessels is lightered to and from shore, a distance of 1 to 2 miles. There is one privately owned wharf, about 75-foot front, which is open to general public use on payment of wharfage charges. When weather permits, the lighters and small coastwise vessels load and unload directly on the beach. The present terminal is not considered adequate for the existing com- merce, but, due to ice conditions and the exposed nature of the beach, adequate terminals can not be maintained under present conditions. Effect of improveent.-No work of improvement has yet been done. Proposed operations.-Between July 1, 1919, and November 1, 1919, the dredging and bank revetment will be completed under con- tract and the east jetty will be completed by hired labor. The avail- able funds are sufficient for this work and will be expended at the rate of about $10,000 per month and will be exhausted about Novem- ber 1, 1919, as follows: Construction of east jetty------------- ---------- ---------- $36, 032.63 Inspection expenses on dredging contract --------------------- 800. 00 Inspection expenses on revetment contract-------------------1, 200. 00 Total-------------------------------------------------- 38, 032. 63 The advisability of constructing the west jetty will be determined from experience.with the east jetty and no estimate for this purpose is submitted at this time. It is estimated" that $10,000 will be -equired during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance of the entrance channel by dredging. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-The imports consist of general merchan- dise, lumber, fuel, and supplies. The chief exports are gold, tin, fish, reindeer meat and furs. Comparative statement. Calendar year. * Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914 .................. ... ............................ ...... . ... 1 $926, 808............ 1915............ .................... ......... ................................... 1916 ............................................................. ... 11,049,245 17,981 1917 ...... ................................................... 1918 ....... .................................................. 113, 557 199,760 21,1 141,312 2,834 1, 901 1Incomplete. , a Includes estimated value of 8,064 tons not included in detailed statistics. Deep-sea vessels anchor about 2 miles offshore, and cargoes are lightered ashore on small barges having a draft of 4 feet. The draft RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1937 of the deep-sea vessels varies from 18 to 25 feet. The small coast- wise boats that distribute the freight from Nome to the various ports on Behring Sea, the Arctic coast of Alaska, and the north- east Siberian ports draw from 3 to 7 feet loaded, and consist of gaso- line boats and motor-driven schooners. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1.50: New work_----------------------------------------------- $16, 648. 87 ---- Maintenance__ - Total appropriations to date of this report ___________________ 148, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916- 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1........................................... ........ $623.36 816, 027. 01 Expended for maintenance ........................ ........... ......... ..... ....... Appropriated or allotted............... ....................... 105,000.00 43,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------$104, 376. 64 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919__ 43, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919__________ __- 1. 50 147, 378. 14 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work 1__ 16, 027.01 ------------------------------ July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____________________ 131, 351. 13 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities___________________ $19, 544. 40 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 73, 774. 10 93, 318. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available ________-____ __________ 38, 032. 63 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance___ -210, ______________ 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY. GROUP C. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1.50: New work---------------------------------------------- $145, 544.91 Maintenance--------------------------------------------- 2, 153. 83 Net total expended_____________________- -_____ _ 147, 698. 74 Total appropriations to date of this report ______-______-___ 323, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1... .. $22,571.60 ..................... $623.36 $16, 027. 01 Expended for maintenance 1.............. .......... $134.00 .......... 1,115.14 904.69 Total expended 1........ ........ 22, 571.60 134.00 ........... 1,738.50 16, 931.70 Appropriated or allotted ..... .................... .......... I............ 150,00000 43, 000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1938 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ $149, 231.46 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919___ _____________ _ 43,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919______ 1. 50 192, 232. 96 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year - For new work $16, 027. 01 For maintenance -- 904. 69 16, 931. 70 .uly 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ 175, 301. 26 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-__ 19,544. 40 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 73, 774. 10 93, 318. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available___ 81, 982. 76 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_ 210, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 4, 1913, JULY 27, 19!)6, AND MARCH 2, 1919. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1913, July 27, 1916, and March 2, 1919, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Snohomish River, Wash. 2. Everett Harbor, Wash. 3. City Waterway, Tacoma Harbor, J'ash. 4. Waterway connecting the waters of Puget Sound with Grays Harbor with a view to securing a channel suitable for navigation. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. This district includes all islands in the Hawaiian group. District engineer: Lieut. Col. R. R. Raymond, Corps of Engineers, to March 25, 1919; Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer : Col. W. H. Heuer, United States Army, re- tired. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the numeri- cal order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. . Page. 1. Honolilu Harbor, Hawaii 3. Hilo Harbor, Hawaii (A3)__ 1944 (Al) 1938 4. Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii 2. Kahului Harbor, Hawaii * (A4) _ __ _ 1947 (A2) __ ___ -- 1.941 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DTURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 3493 TO 3503. HONOLULU, KAHULUI, HILO, AND NAWILIWILI HARBORS, HAWAII. GROUP A.) 1. HONOLULU HARBOR, HAWAII (Al). Location and description.-This harbor is located on the south coast of the island of Oahu, about 2,100 miles from San Francisco. It is an inlet in a coral reef and protected by an artificial island formed SExclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1939 from dredge spoil. The harbor proper has an average width of 1,200 and a length of 4,000 feet. The entrance channel is 400 by 3,400 feet. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 4116. Original condition.-The harbor resulted from a fresh-water stream restricting the coral growth. Prior to July 1, 1904, the mo- narchical, republican, and Territorial governments of Hawaii had done considerable work and had secured a 200-foot entrance channel with a depth of 35 feet at low water. The inner harbor comprised about 64 acres and had a general width of 80 feet and a length of 3,500 feet, with a minimum depth of 27 feet. The head of navigation was about 1.4 miles from the entrance. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 35 feet deep at mean lower low water and 400 feet wide; deepening the inner harbor to 35 feet at mean lower low water, with a general width of 1,200 feet; easing the curve where the entrance channel joins the inner harbor; and dredging to 35 feet at miean lower low water an area along the "Reserved Channel ''" 800 feet wide and 1,000 feet long. The range of tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 1.9 feet and the extreme tidal range under ordinary conditions 2.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $2,067,894.60. The latest (1917) approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance is $11,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for all the improve- ment except the dredging along the Reserved Channel (Annual Report for 1905, p. 2565) ; and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the Reserved Channel improvement (H. Doc. No. 392, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1917, page 3382. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A contract was made on June 26, 1916, for dredging the area occupied by the old Quar- antine Wharf. No work was done and the contract was annulled March 8, 1918. A new contract for a portion of the work was made October 29, 1917, and completed July 29, 1918, under which a total of 106,567 cubic yards were removed. The expenditures were $9,463.31 for new work and $5,183.16 for maintenance, or a total of $14,646.47. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 65 per cent com- pleted. The entrance channel has the required depth of 35 feet at mean lower low water with a minimum width of 400 feet; the inner harbor has a minimum width of 800 feet and a maximum width of 1,300 feet, with a depth of 35 feet at mean lower low water. Last survey February, 1918. To complete the project there remains to be dredged an area of approximately 9 acres on the west side of the harbor near the Quarantine Wharf, and an area 800 feet by 1,000 feet in " Reserved Channel." The inner harbor, when the project is completed, will have an area of about 130 acres in addition to a straight entrance channel 400 feet wide and 3,400 feet long. The expenditures have been $1,347,091.46 for new work and $68,183.16 for maintenance or a total of $1,415,274.62, under existing project. 1940 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law at the time of adoption of the project, but the Territory of Hawaii ex- pended $294,275.78 in dredging the entrance channel and harbor prior to adoption of the project by the United States Government. In addition to this amount, the Territory has spent on other har- bor facilities, including sea walls, buoys, wharves, and dredging slips since 1900, $2,195,324.57. Terminal facilities.-There are 23 wharves and piers, of which 6 are owned by the United States, 9 by the Territory of Hawaii, 4 by the Oahu Railway & Land Co., 3 by the Inter-Island Steam Navi- gation Co., and 1 by the Robinson estate. All except those owned by the United States and the Robinson estate are open to the use of all on equal terms. There are also a floating dry dock and a mechani- cally operated coaling plant, both privately owned. The Territory has made provision for another wharf and for 22,000 square feet of additional warehouse space. The existing facilities, together with those authorized for construction, are considered adequate for ex- isting commerce. For a'full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Commerce has been facilitated; vessels are now able to enter and leave the harbor with full-load draft; lighterage has been eliminated. Proposed operations.-With the funds available it is proposed to complete the dredging near the Quarantine Wharf and commence the dredging of the area in " Reserved Channel." It is expected that work on dredging will be commenced about September, 1919. The expenditures will be about $15,000 per month and the funds will be exhausted about October, 1920. The sum of $389,000 remains to be appropriated to complete the dredging in " Reserved Channel." It is recommended that $150,000 be appropriated with authorization for entering into a contract for the balance of the work, or $239,000. No competition in bidding can be expected unless the amount involved is large. Recommended modification of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.--None. Commercial statistics.-The exports consist mainly of sugar and canned fruits, while the imports are varied and consist of all kinds of manufactured goods, foodstuffs, fuel, fertilizers, clothing, build- ing material, etc. Since the opening of the Panama Canal many vessels have made Honolulu a port of call for coal and fuel oil. The usual limit of draft is 30 feet, with occasional boats drawing as much as 32 feet. The decrease in tonnage in 1918 was due to war conditions. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914..................... ................ ........ 1,339,016 $77,695,792 123,634 1915.................................... .. ................. 1,680,256 90, 775,709 100,537 1916......................................................... 1, 753, 655 140,609, 315 103,420 1917......................................... 1,697, 048 173,685,807 123,762 1918 625, 669 175, 119,965 1............................................ 520 112, RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1941 Comparative statement-Continued. HONOLULU HARBOR. Short tons. Value. Trans-Pacific................................ . ........... 1,285,991 $134,629, 159 Interisland ............................................................. 339, 678 40,490,806 1,625,669 175,119,965 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $29: New work--------------___ __ ---- ______ $1,347,091. 46 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 68, 183. 16 Net total expended1_________________-________-___- 1, 415,274. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------1, 634, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 I 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new worki ................. $51,282.97 $61, 327. 18 $5,472.80 $133, 846.17 $9,463. 31 Expended for maintenance ................3, 726. 10 3, 500. 00 3,452. 65 3, 000. 00 5,183. 16 - Total expended ..................... 55,009.07 64,827.18 8,925.45 136,846.17 14,646.47 152, 500.00 ........... Appropriated or allotted................... 106,800.00 50,000.00 125, 000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sale . etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended______________---- $108, 671. 85 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 000. 00 1--------------------------------- 233, 671. 85 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work ___________ ____ -________ _ $9, 463. 31 For maintenance -------------------------------- 5, 183. 16 14, 646. 47 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 219,025. 38 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ___--_____--___- 109. 65 July 1, 1919, balance available _____________--________----218, 915. 73 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------------- 389, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work 150, 000. 00 2----------------------------------- 2. KAHULUI HARBOR, HAWAII (A2). Location and description.-This harbor is on the north coast of the island of Maui, about 94 miles by water S. 180 E. from Honolulu and about 120 miles by water N. 410 W. from Hilo. It is an inlet dredged in a coral reef and has a general width of 700 feet and an area of about 25 acres partially protected by two breakwaters. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 4116. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1942 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Originalcondition.-The inlet was exposed to the prevailing north- east trade winds and to severe storms from the north. Vessels had no natural protection while using the harbor. Prior to the adoption of a project by the United States Government the Kahului Railway Co., at its own expense, had constructed a rubble-mound breakwater 1,800 feet in length and had dredged some 300,000 cubic yards from the natural basin in lee of the breakwater. This basin, inside a line bearing northeast through the end of the breakwater, had an area of 112 acres with a minimum depth of 35 feet mean lower low water. The head of navigation, measured from the end of the breakwater, was 1,200 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for the extension to a total length of 2,000 feet of the privately constructed rubble-mound breakwater on the east side of the harbor, for a rubble-mound breakwater on the west side with an approximate length of 2,000 feet, and for the dredging of a basin in the lee of the east breakwater to a depth of 35 feet, mean lower low tide and a general width of 900 feet. The range of the tide between mean lower low water and higher high water is 2.4 feet and the extreme tidal range under normal condi- tions is 3.4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1918, is $744,300. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenace is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the extension of the east breakwater and the dredging of basin (H. Doc. No. 593, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the west breakwater (H. Doc. No. 1330, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1918, page 3435. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract the west breakwater was extended 624 feet and 65,823 tons of rocks were placed. This work was completed on June 14, 1919. A survey of the dredged basin was made. The expenditures were $113,750.21 for new work, and $26,330.61 for maintenance, or a total of $140,080.82. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project'is 87 per cent com- pleted. The east breakwater was completed in 1913, and the west breakwater in 1919. Both are in good condition. The dredged basin has a minimum width of 660 feet, and an area of about 23 acres, hav- ing a minimum depth of 35 feet, mean lower low water. The basin shows a slight shoaling over the entire area and a considerable shoal- ing along. the southerly bank. There remains to be done to complete the project the widening of the basin and a contract for this work was awarded 6n June 18, 1919. The expenditures were $583,078.38 for new work, and $56,- 538.71 for maintenance, or a total of $639,617.09. Local cooperation.--Under the provisions of the act of June 25, 1910, the present project was adopted subject to the following con- ditions, as set forth in the project document: 1. That the Kahului Railroad Co. cede to the United States, free of cost, any rights it may have in the existing breakwater, and agree to make no claim for reimbursement for work done by it in constructing the breakwater or in im- proving the harbor. 2. That provision be made for a public street of proper width giving access to whurf. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1943 The above conditions were complied with under dates of September 14 and December 8, 1910. The Territory of Hawaii has spent $17,467.96 in dredging a slip. The Kahului Railroad Co. spent previous to the adoption of the project: For breakwater construction - $37, 644. 65 For harbor dredging______________________ 79, 222. 97 For moorings and buoys 48, 041. 20 164, 908. 82 And since the adoption of the project- For moorings and buoys 32, 172. 41 Total ............... . 197, 081. 23 In addition to the above, the Kahului Railroad has spent on other harbor improvements $136,008.61. Terminal facilities.-There are two terminals, a wharf and a pier, both privately owned, but open to all on equal terms. The wharf is accessible only to lighters and small boats. The pier can berth ves- sels of 1,000 tons register, and was constructed under a license from the Territory of Hawaii, which has the right to purchase. the pier when desired. The large steamers are loaded from lighters. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty- third Congress, first session. Effect of improemin(ent.-The loading of vessels is no longer inter- rupted by heavy seas, except during severe storms from the north. The effect on freight rates is not known. Proposed operations.-With the funds available it is proposed to complete the project width of the basin. No additional appropria- tion is recommended at this time. Recommended inodifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Sugar is the principal export, while the imports are varied, consisting principally, of foodstuffs, building material, fertilizers, live stock, etc. The usual limit of draft of boats using the harbor is 30 feet. Co paurative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1914 ................................. . ........................... 213,667 $13,255,317 11,961 1915............................................................. 254,975 18,311,484 9,844 1916..................... ............................ 247,159 21,291,046 9,007 1917.... .......................................... 243,441 21,656,117 10,843 1918............................ ............... ....... 232,835 27,829,517 12,183 KAHULUI HARBOR. Short tons. Value. Trans-Pacific... .............................................. 197,992 $23,642,632.00 Interisland.................. .......... ......... 34, 843 4,186,885.00 232, 835 27, 829, 517.00 1944 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1910. Financial summary. Amounts expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts frotm' sales, etc., amounting to $1.50: New work ----------------------------------------- $583, 078. 38 Maintenance ----------------- ------ ------__-- 56, 538. 71 Net total expended 617. 09 6------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report- 794, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 .... .. $79,036. 27 Expended for new work 1........... ... $18,831. 38 .............. $113, 750.21 Expended for maintenance 1.............5,268.63 $19, 349.32 $2, 734.65 500.00 26,330.61 Total expended 1................ .. 24,100. 01 19, 349. 32 2,734 6 79,536.27 140080.82 20,00.00...........210 000 0) Appropriated or allotted.................. 10000.00 154,300.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__ $140, 463. 7 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 199 ----------- --------------- -------------------- 104, 300. 00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919__ 50, 000. 00 294, 763. 73 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work _____-------------------- - $113, 750. 21 For maintenance -------------- _______ 26, 330. 61 140,080. 82 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____------------ ----- 154, 682. 91 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities------------ --- 317. 05 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts------- ----------------------- --- 129, 081. 54 129, 398. 5V July 1, 1919, balance available, including $10,000 available only for maintenance------------------------------------- ---- 25, 284. 32 3. HILO HARBOR, HAWAII (A3). Location and description.-This harbor is on the east coast of the island of Hawaii, about 200 miles by water southeast from Honolulu and about 100 miles by water S. 410 E. from Kahului. It is an open roadstead protected by a breakwater. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 4115. Original condition.-The harbor was slightly protected from the effects of the prevailing northeast trade winds by a reef over which there was an average depth of 22 feet. There was ample depth of water inside the reef, but just in front of the city the 30-foot contour was 3,000 feet from the shore line. A wharf had been constructed at the east end of the harbor near the mouth of Waiakea River for boats having a maximum draft of 20 feet. The freight of trans- Pacific boats was lightered to the wharves on Waiakea River near its mouth. This stream has not been improved by the United States; 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1945 it had a controlling depth of 4 feet at mean lower low water, and this depth is maintained by private interests. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble-mound breakwater about 7,000 feet long and for dredging a channel 35 feet deep at mean lower low water over the shoals at the entrance to Kuhio Bay, which is that part of the harbor sheltered by the breakwater. The range of tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 2.3 feet, and the extreme range under ordinary conditions is 3.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1906 is $1,700,000. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance was sub- mitted in the project documents and no maintenance has been required to date. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 407, 59th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the dredging at the entrance to Kuhio Bay, without increasing the original limit of cost (H. Doc. No. 417, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1915, page 3450. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were placed under contract 55,523 tons of rock, forming an additional 725 feet of incomplete section in advance of the completed portion of the breakwater. The expenditures were $155,976.79 all for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 71 per cent com- pleted; 5,390 feet of the breakwater have been completed and 1,275 feet of the incomplete section have been built in advance of the com- pleted portion. The completed portion of the breakwater is in good condition, but the incomplete portion, which has no large pro- tecting stones, has been considerably damaged by wave action. The shoals at the entrance to Kuhio Bay were removed in 1914. The minimum depth at mean lower low water is 33 feet. Last survey June, 1914. The work remaining to be done is the extension of the breakwater as far as the original estimate of cost will permit. The total expenditures have been $1,316,187.69 all for new work. On account of lack of funds all work has been stopped. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Territory of Hawaii has spent $47,990 in dredging Kuhio Bay and $290,333.37 on other harbor improvements and facilities. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf owned by the Territory of Hawaii, and it is open to all on equal terms. The facilities are not considered adequate for existing commerce, and the Territory has accordingly appropriated $500,000 for the construction of an addi- tional wharf. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 226, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Effect of improvement.-Commerce has been facilitated to the ex- tent that the completed portion of the breakwater provides a com- paratively smooth harbor during the prevailing winds and renders sufficient protection to permit vessels to load and unload at a wharf. No protection is yet afforded from the north or west of north, but progressive improvement in the harbor is apparent as the break- water advances. There has been no effect upon freight rates. Proposed operations.-With the funds available and those given in the estimate it is proposed to complete the breakwater. The sum 1946 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. of $374,000 remains to be appropriated, and it is believed that a reasonable bid will not be secured until the entire amount is made available. It is recommended that $150,000 be appropriated with authorization for entering into a contract for the balance, or $224,000. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-Sugar is the main export, while the im- ports are varied and consist of manufactured goods, foodstuffs, fuel, fertilizer, fodder, and building material, etc. Comparative statement. Calendar year. short tons. Value. mberof passengers. 1914................................. .......... .... ....... . 365,323 $24,290,536 26,149 1915 -------------------------------------------------- 1915............................ .......................... 428,417 428,417 29, 29,1194,940 9 0 94 21,598 21 598 1916----------------. --------------------------------- 314,670 31,527,248 27,625 1917 .............................................................. 367,955 41,611,824 38,559 1918..-------------------------------------- 348.143 41,933,752 31,854 HILO HARBOR, Short tons. Value. Trans-Pacific........................ 241,138 $29,904,829.00 Interisland ......... .. . . .....-...... . ............. . ....... 107,005 12,028,923.00 Total............. .. .............. 348,143 41,933,752.00 Usual limit of draft for loaded boats: Trans-Paciic 30 feet, and interisland 15 feet. Financial smmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after dleduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $18.25: New work___ $1, 316, 187. 69 Maintenance -- -- -- Total appropriations to date of this report--- 1, 326, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .................. $12,855.69 $126,175.86 $146,416.48 $152,598.25 $155,976.79 Expended for maintenance............................................... Appropriated or allotted............ . . .......... .......... ......... 150, 000.0 . 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------ $165, 789. 10 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year foi new work___ 155, 976. 79 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------------------------- 9, 812. 31 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ----------------------------- 15. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available__----------------------------------_ 9, 797. 31 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _---_ ---------- ---------------- 374, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work ------------------------------------ 150, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, .DISTRICT. 1947 4. NAWILIWILI HARBOR, HAWAII (A4). Location and description.-This harbor is located on the southeast coast of the island of Kauai, about 100 miles by water N. 650 W. from Honolulu. Itl is an inlet in a rocky shore at the mouth of a small stream. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 4102. Original condition.-The harbor is somewhat protected by a high rocky bank on the north and a high mountain on the south. The prevailing northeast trade winds cause heavy seas to enter this har- bor. The bay is divided into an inner and an outer harbor by a natural reef extending from the south shore about two-thirds of the distance across the harbor. The inner harbor has several channels separated by shoals. The outer harbor is deep. Only interisland boats visit this harbor and they anchor, when the conditions are favorable, in the lee of the north bank near Kukii Point. At other times they anchor off in deep water. Freight and passengers are transferred between ships and a small wharf by row boats. The depth of water at the terminal is 4 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble mound breakwater about 2,450 feet in length, along the reef which separates this bay into an inner and an outer harbor; for an entrance channel 35 feet deep with a minimum width of 400 feet, and a length of about 2,400 feet; for a harbor basin 35 feet deep, 1,025 feet wide and with an average length of about 2,000 feet. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The tidalrange between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is about 2 feet, the extreme tidal range being about 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1911 is $1,086,000. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 609, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). Operations and results during the fiscal year.-None. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done, pend- ing compliance by local interests with the conditions of local coopera- tion which must be satisfied before operations are begun. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the project subject to the following conditions: Provided, That work on the project herein adopted shall not be commenced until the Secretary of War is satisfied that railroad connections will be made within a reasonable time which will make the harbor of Nawiliwili accessible by land to the entire southern portion of the island; Provided further, That no contract for work herein appropriated for shall be entered into until the county of Kauai, or other agency, shall have deposited to the credit of the Secretary of War, in some bank in the Territory of Hawaii to be designated by him, the sum of $200,000, which sum shall be expended by the Secretary of War in the further prosecution of said work, in the same manner and in equal amounts as the sum herein appropriated; And provided further, That the Territory of Hawaii is authorized to condemn such strip of land, not less than 600 feet wide, fronting on the proposed wharf sites and extending from Huleia River northerly to the public road and the Wai Ko Nui Stream, and all rights of way and other lands required for the breakwater and construction work thereon as shall be approved by the Secretary of War; and no contract for work herein appropriated for shall be entered into until the Territory of Hawaii shall have commenced condemnation proceedings to acquire such lands and rights of way; and no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring or using such lands and rights of way: And provided further, That the 1948 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U S. ARMY, 1919. Secretary of War is authorized to condemn a quarry site or sites, with rights of way thereto, the awards therefor to be paid out of the funds appropriated for this project; and the quarries when so acquired may be made available to any contractors MT work on this project on terms to be fixed by the Secretary of War. The sum of $200,000 has been appropriated for this work by the Territory of Hawaii, but the other conditions have not yet been met. Terminal facilities.-Only one terminal for lightering freight in rowboats exists. It is owned and regulated by the Territory of Hawaii and open to all on equal terms. The terminal is adequate under present conditions, but additional facilities will be required after the harbor is improved. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be expended in constructing the breakwater, which must be built in whole or part before dredging can be done. Due to the uncertainty as to when the conditions of local cooperation will be met, the date for commence- ment and date when the funds will be exhausted can not be given, and no additional funds are required at this time. Recomnmended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-No trans-Pacific ships make this harbor a port of call, and the only commerce is interisland. No figures are available for the years previous to 1918. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Numberof passengers. 1918............................................................ 8,568 $1,028,160 12,439 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work --------------------- ----- ----------------------- Maintenance------------------- -- ----------- Total appropriations to date of this report 250, 000. 00 $------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ............ ........... . ............................ ........ Expended for maintenance.. ............ .. .. ....... .......... .................. .......... Appropriated or allotted........................... . ... ................. $250,000.00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 -------- -------------- ------------------ $250,000.00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended----------------------------- 250, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $48.75: New work -------------------------------------- $3, 246, 357. 53 Maintenance-----------124, 721. 87 Net total expended ------------- 3, 371, 079. 40 Total appropriations to date of this report-- ---- 4, 004, 600. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTO RICO DISTRICT. 1949 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1.....:........ $82, 970. 04 $187,503. 04 $151, 889. 28 $365,480. 69 $279, 190. 31 Expended for maintenance 1...............8,994. 73 22, 849. 32 6,187. 30 3,500.00 31, 513. 77 Total expended 1 .................. 91, 964. 77 210,352. 36 158,076.58 368,980. 69 310,704.08 Appropriated or allotted................... 172,500.00 . .... 316,800.00 210,000.00 529,300.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended __-------------------------- $414, 924. 68 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919 ---------------------------------------------- 479, 300. 00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919_ 50, 000. 00 944, 224.68 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work-------------------------- $279, 190. 31 For maintenance-------------------------- 31, 513. 77 310, 704. 08 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended___--------------------------- 633, 520. 60 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities --------------- $441. 70 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ----------------------------------- 129, 081. 54 129, 523. 24 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $10,000 available only for maintenance----- ----------- ------------------ 503, 997. 36 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--1--- ----------------------------- , 399, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work---------------------------- 300, 000. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 25 1919. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making a pre- liminary examination and survey provided for by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, of Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii, and re- ports thereon will be duly submitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PORTO RICO DISTRICT. This district includes the rivers and harbors of Porto Rico and adjacent islands. District engineers: Brig. Gen. William T. Rossell, United States Army, until November 30; Brig. Gen. Theo. A. Bingham from November 30, 1918, to March 13, 1919; Col. S. W. Roessler, United States Army, to June 14, 1919; and Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineers: Brig. Gen. William T. Rossell, United States Army, to November 30, 1918; Brig. Gen. Theo. A. Bingham, United 'States Army, to June 7, 1919; and Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, since that date. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. s Exclusive of available funds. 1950 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. 1. San Juan Harbor, P. R-__ _ _ ____ _ _ ___ 1950 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK IN THIS DISTRICT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, SEE PAGES 3505 TO 3507. 1. SAN JUAN HARBOR, P. R. Location and description.-San Juan Harbor is on the north coast of Porto Rico, and is the principal harbor of that island. It is 1,380 nautical miles south-southeast from New York, N. Y., and 1,000 nau- tical miles east-southeast from Key West, Fla. It is a sheltered bay with an entrance divided into two channels by Cabras Island, lying about midway between headlands 4,600 feet apart. It is nearly 4 miles long and has a width of 1 to 2 miles, but the available an;hor- age area is very limited, consisting of only 82.4 acres with a depth of 30 feet, equal to that of the entrance channel, and 14.5 acres with a depth of 24 feet, or a total anchorage basin for deep-draft vessels of less than 4 per cent of the entire harbor area. See TT. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 903. Original condition.-At the time of the American occupation (1898) the depth in the main entrance channel east of Cabras Island was 25 feet at mean low water for a minimum width of about 400 feet. In the harbor proper a depth of 24 feet or more existed in an area of about 92 acres, part of which was cut off by a shoal having a depth of 23 feet at mean low water, and berths along the bulkhead had been deepened to receive vessels drawing 18 feet. Previous projects.-Before the American occupation about $647,000 had been expended under the Spanish administration. The original project by the United States was authorized by the river and harbor act of Ma~lch 2, 1907, and the expenditures thereunder since begin- ning work under the existing project in 1917 were $747,684.28 for new work and $44,730.86 for maintenance, a total of $792,415.14. For further details of previous projects, see page 2007, Annual Re- port for 1915, and page 1718 of Annual Report for 1916. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 600 feet wide at the entrance, and thence 500 feet wide along the main fairway to a point opposite the city of San Juan, a distance of 14 miles; dredging to the same depth an area of about 230 acres within the harbor proper opposite the city and ex- tending this depth into the San Antonio Channel for about 1,700 feet, with a width of 1,200 feet at its mouth and 700 feet at the end. The mean tidal variation is 1.1 feet and the extreme under ordinary conditions 1.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1919 is $1,700,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $24,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 865, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latter document contains the latest published map. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Proposalsfor dredging in accordan e with the existing project, were opened June 29, 1918. The only formal bid received, being over four times greater than the original estimate, was rejected. The fact that the greatly in- creased cost of dredging since the original estimate was made would naturally increase the amount the Government of Porto Rico would RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTO RICO DISTRICT. 1951 have to bear if the estimate for the whole project was increased, was called to the attention of the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs and was referred by him to the Governor of Porto Rico, and as a result of this action the joint resolution in the Senate of Porto Rico, ninth legislature, second session, increasing the amount to be paid by the Government of Porto Rico, was adopted and approved by the Governor of Porto Rico on May 22, 1919. Surveys in connection with the new project have been made. New specifications for the expendi- ture of the appropriation of $400,000 made August 8, 1917, were drafted and the work again advertised on June 27, 1919. Bids there- under were opened on July 28, 1919, and also rejected as excessive. An office was maintained at San Juan for local administration and supervision of matters pertaining to permits, harbor lines, surveys, etc., the total expenditures amounting to $12,604.67, of which $8,421.19 was for maintenance and the remainder, $4,183.48, for new work required under the project of 1917 including surveys and tidal ob- servation s. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The entrance channel was dredged to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water for a width of 500 feet, but subsequent shoaling has reduced the controlling depth of the full width to from 30 to 28 feet. This channel still has, however, a con- trolling depth of 29 feet for a width of 350 feet at its narrowest portion. The inner harbor was dredged to a depth of 30 feet over an area of 82.5 acres and to a depth of 24 feet. over 14.5 acres. Subse- quent shoaling has reduced these dimensions to a controlling depth of 29 feet over an area of 68.5 acres and a controlling depth of 24 feet over an area of 13.5 acres. No work has been done under the project of August 8, 1917. The expenditures under the existing project, exclusive of those under previous project, have been $24,120.79, of which $9,730 has been for new work and $14,390.79 for maintenance. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, having authorized the new project, provides that-- until $600,000 of the amount expended on the dredging and reclamation work authorized herein is reimbursed, the Government of Porto Rico shall on the first day of July of each year after the completion of the work pay to the Govern- ment of the United States $50,000. This proviso was agreed to by the insular government by special legislation on November 22, 1917, further amended March 9, 1918. (See Annual Report for 1918, p. 1850.) After proposals had been received for work under the project, the attention of the insular government was called to the fact that as the recent considerable in- crease in the cost of labor and material necessitates a revision of the estimates for the whole project, it should naturally involve a revision of the reimbursement fund also. The Governor of Porto Rico ad- vised the legislature to that effect, and the following joint resolution was adopted and approved by the Governor of Porto Rico on May 22, 1919: [J. R. No. 13.] JOINT RESOLUTION To amend " Joint resolution appropriating the sum of six hundred thousand (600,000) dollars, payable in annual instalments of fifty thousand (50,000) dollars, on the first day of July of each year subsequent to the termination 125851-ENG 1919--123 1952 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. of the work of dredging the harbor of San Juan and reclaiming the Mangrove swamps adjacent thereto, for the purpose of reimbursing the Government of the United States in said amount as part payment of the expenditures to be made by the United States in said work, and for other purposes," approved November 22, 1917, providing for an appropriation in annual instalments of fifty thousand (50,000) dollars on the first day of July of each year subse- quent to the termination of the work of dredging the harbor of San Juan for a period of twelve years, and thereafter an appropriation in annual instal- ments of one hundred thousand (100,000) dollars on the first day of July of each year until the total sum, as provided by the Congress of the United States to be repaid to the United States as part payment of the expenditures to be made in said work, is reimbursed. Whereas, It has been found impossible to continue the dredging and reclama- tion work authorized in San Juan harbor by an act of the Congress of the United States entitled "An Act making appropriations for the construction, repair and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors and for other purposes," approved August 8, 1917, with the sums therein appropriated; Whereas, The amount of six hundred thousand (600,000) dollars as reim- bursement for the dredging and reclamation work authorized in the aforesaid act is insufficient to justify the assumption of this work by the United States Government ; Whereas, The value itself of the lands, ownership of which will be ac- quired by The People of Porto Rico, fully justifies the expenditure of more than the six hundred thousand (600,000) dollars appropriated by Joint Resolution No. 12, approved November 22, 1917; NOW, THEREFORE, Be it resolved by the Legislature of Porto Rico: Section 1.-That Sections 1, 2 and 3 of Joint Resolution No. 12, entitled "Joint Resolution appropriating the sum of six hundred thousand (600,000) dollars, payable in annual instalments of fifty thousand (50,000) dollars on the first day of July of each year subsequent to the termination of the work of dredging the harbor of San Juan and reclaiming the mangrove swamps ad- jacent thereto, for the purpose of reimbursing the Government of the United States in said amount as part payment of the expenditures to be made by the United States in said work, and for other purposes," approved November 22, 1917, be hereby amended to read as follws: " Section 7.-That The People of Porto Rico hereby binds and obligates itself to reimburse the Government of the United States seventy per cent of any sum which the United States may spend in dredging the harbor of San Juan, re- claiming the mangrove swamps adjacent thereto and other works incidental thereto, said sum to be paid at the rate of fifty thousand (50,000) dollars a year on the first day of July of each year after said works shall have been fully completed, for a period of twelve years, and thereafter at the rate of one hun- dred thousand (100,000) a year on the first day of July of each year until seventy per cent of the sum so expended by the Government of the United States shall have been paid; Provided, That in no case shall The People of Porto Rico pay a sum exceeding one million two hundred thousand (1,200,000) dollars. "Section 2.-The sum of $1,200,000, or such part thereof as may be neces- sary, is hereby appropriated from any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the discharge of the obligation contracted in the preceding section, said sum to be charged in the amounts specified in the preceding section as fiscal year appropriations for the respective years in which the said amounts are payable. " Section 3.-That the proceeds from the sale of the lands acquired by The People of Porto Rico as a consequence of the aforesaid works, or any rental or annuity (censo) or other income derived from said lands is hereby espe- cially pledged to a compliance with the aforesaid obligation, and no disposition shall be made of such income until the whole amount of the indebtedness here- inabove referred to shall have been discharged." Section 2.-That the commencement of the aforesaid works being urgently required, this Joint Resolution shall take efFot+ from and after the date of its approval. Approved. May 22, 1919. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTO RICO DISTRICT. 1953 Terminal facilities.-A concrete bulkhead 2,065 feet long and so built that vessels may lie alongside has been opened to the general public by the local government. This bulkhead has warehouses, rail and road connections, and other facilities for the handling of cargo. Four privately owned wharves on the north shore of San Antonio Channel and a slip and coal dock with mechanical coal-handling machinery and a storage capacity of 20,000 tons are also open to the general public. A quay wall about 280 feet long, built before the American occupation and now a part of the customhouse property, provides berths for local coasting vessels of shallow draft. There is a steadily growing demand for additional storage and cargo-han- dling space along the water front, as well as for additional water- front property for industrial purposes. To meet this demand the local authorities have issued bonds for the completion of the bulk- head referred to and the remaining 166feet are now being finished. Administration of these public wharves, including port and wharfage charges, are provided for in rules and regulations by the San Juan Harbor Board, approved August 11, 1917. Effect of improvement.-The movement of larger steamers, which have increased in number, has been facilitated, additional steamboat lines have been established, and a reduction in freight rates, espe- cially between the United States and the island, has been noted. Proposed operations.-The funds available for maintenance on June 30, 1919, will be expended in the supervision of structures or other work erected or carried on in the navigable waters of Porto Rico, in surveys, where necessary, and in the care and maintenance of buildings and grounds assigned to the Engineer Department. The funds available for new work will be expended in dredging the inner harbor and the reclamation of the adjacent swamp land in accord- ance with the existing project either by .contract or, if no reasonable bids are obtained, by this office with a Government plant and labor hired for that purpose. Under the advertisement of June 27, 1919, proposals for dredging under the contract were opened on July 28, 1919, and rejected as excessive. Recommended estimate for continuing contract authorization to continue work on the project is $900,000. It is proposed to expend the funds to be furnished under the esti- mate submitted in this report for maintenance ($24,000) in the su- pervision of structures in the navigable waters of Porto Rico, minor surveys, and the care and maintenance of buildings and grounds as- signed to the Engineer Department. Recommended modifications of project.-None, except a revision of the estimates of cost. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-A careful comparison, covering several years, between the amounts reported by the customs authorities for 1954 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. the whole island and those for San Juan Harbor alone indicates that the commerce for the San Juan Harbor averaged for the past 13 years about 55 per cent of that for the whole island. On this basis the value and tonnage of the commerce for San Juan Harbor would be as follows: Comparative statement. Passengers from and Short tons. Value. to ports outside of Porto Rico. Fiscal year: 1913........................................ ........ 432,000 $34,019,000 (1) 1914..... .. ............................................ .... 543,000 43,730, 252 (1 1915.......................................................... 541,422 45,782,661 18,683 1916 ............................................... 731,350 58,125,500 20,035 1917............................................ 756,350 73,211,200 21,796 1918 ....................................................... 736,044 71, 39, 255 23,000 " Calendar year: 1918. ...................................... 1,162,664 141,735,851 ...... 1No data available. The principal exports were sugar, tobacco, and fruit. The prin- cipal imports were foodstuffs, cotton goods, coal, lumber, machinery, etc. The changes in character and amount of freight loaded and unloaded are believed to have been largely independent of the improvement. The usual limits of draft for steam vessels using the harbor are from 20 to 27 feet. It should be noted that the above statistics cover only such mer- chandise as is loaded or unloaded in San Juan Harbor. For vessels carrying erchandise from the United States to other harbors in Porto Rico, San Juan is normally a port of call on the outbound or inbound voyage, or both. San Juan is also a port of call for certain vessels making regular trips between Europe and ports in Santo Domingo, Haiti, Cuba, Mexico, etc., which unload or load only small quantities of freight at San Juan. The net registered tonnage of vessels entered or cleared at San Juan for points outside of Porto Rico was 1,308,937 tons for the fiscal year 1918. The net registered tonnage of vessels entering or leaving San Juan for other ports in Porto Rico is not known; but for the passenger boats of a single line, the New York & Porto Rico Steam- ship Co., it exceeds 400,000 tons per year. It is well within the facts to state that the net registered tonnage of ocean-going vessels passing through the entrance channel to San Juan Harbor exceeds 2,000,000 tons per year if local coasters are included. There was a consider- able decrease at the end of the fiscal year for 1918 in the number of vessels and tonnage arriving at the island ports. The greater part of the decrease was in foreign shipping, the registry of which was only 452 per cent and their tonnage 54 per cent of that of 1917. The decrease in American vessels was 72 and 19 per cent, respec- tively. This was evidently due to the transfer for war service of the larger vessels trading with the West Indies whilst smaller vessels took their place. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1955 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.15: New work ---------------------------------------------- $757, 414. 28 Maintenance ---------------------------------------------- 59, 121. 65 Net total expended--------------------------------------816, 535. 93 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------1, 215, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1 ................ ........... ..................... $5,546.52 $4,183.48 Expended for maintenance .............. $7, 221. 74 $8, 120.04 $8, 530.99 6,830.84 8, 421.19 Total expended 1................. 7,221.74 8,120.04 8,530.99 12,377.36 12,604.67 ~l~lj .............. 420 I g.6~ggW. 97 SB1~84 Appropriated or allotted................. 8,000.00 10,000.00 410,000.00 10,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------ $401, 568. 14 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 _ _-- _ _ ----------------- 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919__________________. 60 411, 568. 74 June 30, 1919; amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work_------______ -- ________________ $4, 183. 48 For maintenance _ ------------------ ____- 8, 421. 19 12, 604. 67 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------------------398, 964. 07 ------ July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities___________ -692. 10 July 1, 1919, balance available, including $8,694.07 available only for maintenance --------------------------- 398, 271.97 Anfount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_--_-----------------------------_ 1,300,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance_______-------------------- 2 24, 000. 00 CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. This commission, consisting of three officers of the Corps of En- gineers, was created by the act of Congress approved March 1, 1893 (27 Stat. L., p. 507), as amended by the act of February 27, 1907 (34 Stat. L., p. 1001), and has jurisdiction and duties extending over the drainage area of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, com- prising the great central valley of California and extending from the crest of the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the east to that of the Coast Range on the west, and from Mount Shasta on the north to the Tehachapi Mountains on the south. These rivers empty into the -head of Suisun Bay, ultimately discharging into the Pacific Ocean through the connecting bays and straits and the Golden Gate. The duties prescribed by the act creating the commission are: First. To regulate hydraulic mining in such a way as to permit its resumption and continuance under such restrictions as to prevent the I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1956 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. debris therefrom from being carried into navigable waters or other- wise causing damage. Second. To study and report upon general hydraulic and hydraulic- mining conditions and matters affecting or affected by them, and to make surveys, mature and adopt plans for the purpose of improving the navigability, deepening the channels, and protecting the banks of the rivers, and affording relief from flood damages. While the commission was to " adopt " plans as a result of its study, no provision of means for permitting it directly to carry them out was made in the act creating it. Congress, however, has from time to time adopted certain of the plans formulated by the com- mission, and charged it with their execution, under the direction of the Secretary of War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers. During the past year the commission consisted of Col. W. H. Heuer, United States Army, retired (senior member); Col. Charles L. Potter, Corps of Engineers; and Col. L. H. Rand, Corps of Engi- neers (secretary, having immediate supervision of the work). IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Regulation of hydraulic min- 3. Control of floods, removal of ing and preparation of debris, and improvement of ------------------ plans 1956 Sacramento River, Calif___ 1963 2. Treatment of the Yuba River debris situation-Restrain- ing barriers ___-_______ 1959 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF WORK DURING THE FISCAL YEAR SEE PAGES 3509 TO 3522. 1. REGULATION OF HYDRAULIC MINING AND PREPARATION OF PLANS. Location and description.-Operations are largely limited to the territory between Mount Lassen, on the north, and the Yosemite Valley, on the south, on the western watershed of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. See U. S. Geological Survey sheets for the area, 25 in number. Original condition.-Following discovery of gold in California and development of the hydraulic method of working placer deposits, vast quantities of material denominated " debris," washed out of the banks, passed down into lower ground, depositing in the beds of the watercourses and rivers, and at high water were carried over the banks of streams to the adjacent country. The filling of navigable channels, destruction of fertility of lands, breaking of levees, etc.- damages due to hydraulic mining-were so serious that mining by that process was effectively stopped by judicial injunction. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for regulating hydraulic-mining operations and planning the improvement of conditions upon the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries affected by such operations. On application by prospective miners, full investi- gation is made by the commission and permits to operate are issued to those who provide satisfactory debris-restraining basins by con- struction of suitable dams where necessary. The estimate of cost for this work, revised in 1916, is $18,000 per annum. The existing project was adopted by the act of March 1, 1893, as amended by the CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1957 act of February 27, 1907, and the plan of operation is therein speci- fied. For latest published map see Annual Report for 1913, page 3170. Operations and results during fiscal year.-One hundred and six inspections were made of hydraulic mines and debris-restraining bar- riers at a total expenditure of $1,285.78. Four applications for per- mits for hydraulic mining were received; four authorizations to con- struct impounding works were issued and three annulled; three per- mits were issued, upon the completion of impounding works, three were restored after complying with the requirements of the commis- sion and two were suspended because of failure to comply with the rules adopted by the commission or exhausting of the d4bris-re- straining capacity, at a total expenditure for handling of $2,106.37 for the 19 permits and new applications (not yet granted). Plat- ting field notes of survey of the Sacramento River from Chico Land- ing to Red Bluff at a total expenditure of $688. Operations of gold-dredging companies under six permits from the Secretary of War, and somewhat similar operations by numer- ous other companies for which permits are not required were super- vised. Sixteen inspections of gold-dredging plants were made. Fifty-one inspections of quartz mines or their debris-restraining bar- riers were made, and three such barriers were constructed under plans approved by the commission. The planning and execution of works by local interests, including the State, for reclaiming lands from floods, and the relations of these works to the flood-control project adopted for the Sacramento River and to their effect on the capacity of other streams of the Sacramento and San Joaquin River systems have been given much consideration by the commission. Examination of critical points on -the Sacra- mento and San Joaquin Rivers, for use in maturing plans for im- proving navigability and for relief from floods has been made. Ad- ministrative work to a certain degree overlaps and has to be con- ducted with that of improvements Nos. 2 and 3 hereunder, and that of the third San Francisco engineer district. The expenditure was $14,868.94 for new work. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-The commission has received 936 applications for permits for hydraulic mining, and granted such of them as complied with regulations. Fourteen mines are operating under permits, and four others have been authorized to construct im- pounding works. Hydraulic mining on a very limited scale has been restored without adding any considerable amount of debris to that previously deposited in the drainage system of mining regions. Twenty-one quartz mines, under plans approved by the commission, have constructed restraining barriers to permanently prevent the passage of their tailings to navigable streams. It is not yet possible to regulate all such operations, but supervision will be extended as time and funds permit. Surveys have been made of those portions of the Yuba, Feather, Bear, and American Rivers containing great deposits of mining debris. Incidental to studies relative to the relief from injuries to navigability and from floods, surveys have been made of portions of the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Mokelumne Rivers, and of the interconnecting sloughs in their delta. Plans have been prepared and adopted for restraining the d6bris movement in 1958 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. the Yuba River (see No. 2 hereunder); for alleviating d6bris condi- tions in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers; and for control of floods, removal of d6bris, and improvement of the Sacramento River (see No. 3 hereunder). A detailed plan for disposal of material which would have to be dredged from the lower Sacramento River under the approved flood-control scheme, has been prepared, and descriptions of the property required furnished the State, which is acquiring the same in compliance with the requirement for coopera- tion. Work remaining to be done is, in general, the continuation and suipervision of all the above or similar operations. The total expendi- ture from United States funds is $318,613.96. Local cooperation.-Mine owners are required to bear all expenses incurred in complying with the orders of the commission. The commission is empowered to confer with the State officials for the purpose of securing harmony of action and economy in expenditures in the work to be done by the United States and the State of Cali- fornia, respectively, the former in its plans for the improvement and protection of the navigable streams and to prevent the depositing of mining ddbris or other materials within the same, and the latter in its plans authorized by law for the reclamation, drainage, and pro- tection of its lands, or relating to the working of hydraulic mines. An antidebris association, formed and supported by local interests that would be injured by the restoration or increase of former con- ditions, has worked along lines of prevention by injunction and criminal prosecution under State laws, as do various other local officials and volunteers. They report from time to time indications of violations of the laws, and in turn seek and are furnished infor- mation from the commission on this subject. Since the disband- ment of the antidebris association, August 18, 1915, Sutter County has continued work along similar lines. Terminal facilities.-None required. Effect of improvement.-This is given above in paragraph " Con- dition at end of fiscal year." Proposed operations.-With funds available and to be appropri- ated applications for permission to mine by hydraulic process will be duly investigated and considered; mines operating under existing permits will be regulated and there will be the necessary inspections, preparation, and approval of plans, etc., as during preceding years; studies, examinations, surveys, and miscellanous operations will be continued, and with the idea of possible operation under section 23 of the organic act above given, which provides for the construction of restraining dams on main tributaries by the United States, repay- ment being made by the mine operators with 3 per cent of their gross output. In view of the fact that it is essential that the work as carried on in preceding years by the commission be not curtailed by the in- creased costs of doing it; that investigation may be made in detail of the possibilities for cooperative dam sites for the restraint of debris which would permit of the resumption of hydraulic mining to a greater extent without injury to navigable streams; that the gold- dredging operations may be more adequately guided; that the opera- tions of the quartz mines of the district, in so far as the placing of tailings in navigable streams or their tributaries is concerned. may CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1959 be more efficiently observed with a view to better regulation either by the agencies of the department or later by the commission if its authority should be extended to include the same; and that the de- mands of the State and general public requiring consultation with the commission may be more adequately met and the results of the commission's studies may be better available thereto, it is believed that an increase in the annual appropriation from $15,000 to $18,000 is essential. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-See statistics in reports on Sacramento, Feather, Mokelumne, and San Joaquin Rivers. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work---------------------------------------------- $318, 613. 96 Maintenance -__------- Total appropriations to date of this report-________ --.--------l334, 001. 98 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work..... ........... Expended for maintenance...... $14, 909. 08 ....................... $14,977. 59 $15, 340. 72 $14,750.56 ........... - $14,868. 94 Appropriated or allotted.................. 30, 000.00............ 30,000.00............ 15,000.00 EXPENSES OF CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION, 1918. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_______________------------------------------- $256. 96 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work------ 256. 96 EXPENSES OF CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION, 1919. Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918___ $15, 000. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 14, 611.98 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended _____________________________ 388. 02 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ____ _______________________ 388.02 EXPENSES OF CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION, 1920. Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919___ $15, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920____________ 15, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921__________-------------------------------------- 18, 000. 00 2. TREATMENT OF THE YUBA RIVER DEIBRIS SITUATION- RESTRAINING BARRIERS. Location and description.-The works of this project are located on the Yuba River, between Marysville and the place where the river emerges from the foothills, near Hammonton, some 10 miles easterly from Marysville, and about 9 miles below the Narrows. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1960 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The river has a rapid current and a fall of about 10 feet per mile in the vicinity of the works of this project. It rises near the crest of the Sierra Nevadas, flows about 90 miles in a westerly direction, and empties into the Feather River near Marysville. Its drainage area is about 1,300 square miles, its extreme flood discharge about 111,000 second-feet, and its low-water discharge below 300 second-feet. Average width between banks at low water is 150 feet and between banks or levees at high water from 2,000 feet to 2.5 miles. See U. S. Geological Survey, " Topographic map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif." Original condition.-The mining debris carried down by this stream from the old hydraulic mine workings in the Sierra Nevadas was allowed to pass on into the navigable channels of the Feather and Sacramento Rivers. This had resulted in the navigable chan- nels of these two streams being seriously impaired, and navigation upon them was threatened with cessation. No part of the Yuba River was commercially navigable. Previous projects.- None. Existing project.--This provides for storage of mining d4bris within the bed of the Yuba River by a system of works to hold the material there, and the restriction of the low-water channel below these works to narrow limits to preserve in place the extensive min- ing debris deposits already in the river. These objects are to be accomplished by the construction of a barrier to hold back the materials and the construction below the barrier of training walls to confine the river to narrow limits. The object of storing this debris in the Yuba River-a nonnavigable stream-is to keep it from passing into the Sacramento and Feather Rivers, to the detriment of navigat'n therein. The variation in water levels due to floods is about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1900 is $800,000, one-half of which was appropriated by the State of Cali- fornia. There has been no estimate of cost for annual maintenance. For details of this project in its original form, see Annual Report, 1917, page 1810, " Previous projects." The existing project was adopted in a rather indefinite form by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, and in its more definite form by river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 431, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see U. S. Geological Survey " Topographic map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif." Operations and results during fiscal year.-The embankments across the heads of two old channels below training walls near Mari- gold were repaired by teams and scrapers filling in 625 cubic yards of earth, at a total cost and expenditure of $200.87 or $0.32 per cubic yard. A shore party operated in flood channel and on banks of river, between Marysville and Daguerre Point, removed snags and stumps by blasting, and trees and brush by cutting and burning, clearing 10 miles of river at an expenditure of $854.58. The total expenditures were $1,055.45 for new work from United States funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 89.5 per cent completed. The barrier (No. 1) partly constructed under the existing project was destroyed by flood in March, 1907, except the north portion, with which a training wall of cobbles and coarse gravel on the north bank was connected as part of the system of CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1961 training walls and flood channels being built by gold-dredging com- panies below this barrier. Training walls were built also on each bank below Daguerre Point for a distance of 11,250 feet. Just above Daguerre Point on the south bank 11,000 linear feet of training wall were built to take the place of the lowest two barriers of the original project. Above Daguerre Point and up to the barrier (No. 1), a distance of 4z miles, 10 per cent of the work of building stable chan- nels of maximum flood capacity confined by training walls, to be done by gold-dredging companies under War Department permits, has been completed. All of the above work on training walls and flood channels has been done free of cost to the United States. The cut through Daguerre Point was made and the concrete inlet wall or spillway constructed and later raised 16 inches and covered with a wooden deck. At different times the channel from the lower end of the training walls to Marysville has been cleared of brush, trees, and snags, hardpan blasted along one stretch, the bank revetted with brush, old sand channels have been blocked by embankments built at their heads, repairs made to the inlet wall at Daguerre Point and to the north training wall below, and surveys made to determine the effect of works on the river. The result has been that many mil- lion cubic yards of mining d6bris have been held within the bed of the Yuba River that would otherwise have passed on into the naviga- ble channels of the Feather and Sacramento Rivers. The total ex- penditure has been $357,692.63 for new work from United States funds, and $358,000 from contributed funds, a total of $715,692.63. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, required that one-half the cost of the project, $400,000, should be provided by the State of California, and the State has met this con- dition. Two gold-dredging companies, the Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields and the Marysville Gold Dredging Co., have built training walls on the south side of the river, below the Daguerre Point cut, in connec- tion with their dredging operations. The Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields has also built a training wall, or rock levee, which has taken the place of the two lower barriers proposed in the original project. It is estimated that it would have cost the United States $450,000 to have built the 22,500 linear feet of training walls built by these companies. In connection with their dredging operations the Yuba Consoli- dated Goldfields and the Yukon Gold Co. are making stable channels of sufficient capacity for maximum floods, extending upstream 42 miles from Daguerre Point. The cost of equally effective works to otherwise restrain the d6bris movement would be more than $500,000 to the United States. This work is now about 18 per cent complete. Terminal facilities.-None required. Effect of improvement.--The retaining of this debris in the bed of the river has facilitated navigation on the Sacrameito River and, during higher stages, on the Feather River. Conditions on both these rivers are steadily improving. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be used in keeping the channel of the river between Marysville and Daguerre Point cleared and the river confined to this channel as far as possible for protecting the inlet wall and for raising that wall as it becomes 1962 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. practicable to do so. At just what rate the funds will be expended and when they will be exhausted can not now be foreseen. Probably the funds now available will not become exhausted for five or six years. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles.not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-See statistics in reports on Sacramento and Feather Rivers. Financial summary. UNITED' STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $23,614.04: New work ------------------------- $357, 692. 63 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 400, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work-------------$9,983.51 $9,427.94 $13,806.99 $3,436.12 $1,055.45 Expended for maintenance.... ...................................... ..... ......... Appropriated or allotted ............... .... ........ ... ........ ...... ..... ...... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-- ---- $43, 362. 82 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work___ 1,055. 45 July 1, 1919 balance unexpended- --------------- 42, 307. 37 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work--------------------- -------------------- $358, 000. 00 Maintenance-------------------------- -------- Total appropriations to date of this report-- 400, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .................... $9, 831.97 Expended for maintenance............................. $162.79 $336.38.. ............ Appropriated or allotted......................................................... ........... July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------ $42, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_________---__--__---__ _ 42, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR UNITED STATES AND CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- in receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $23,614.04: New work_____________-------------------------------------------------$715, 692. 63 Maintenance------------------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report - -------- 800, 000. 00 CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1963 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1........... $19,815.48 $9, 590.73 $14,143.37 $3,436.12 $1,055.45 Expended for maintenance...... ........ ... ......... .......... ......... ... _....... ... Appropriated or allotted ....................... ........... ................ .... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended------------------------------- $85, 362. 82 June 30, 1919, amount expended (luring fiscal year for new work__ 1,055. 45 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended .- ________________________ 84, 307. 37 3. CONTROL OF FLOODS, REMOVAL OF DEBRIS, AND IMPROVEMENT OF SACRAMENTO, CALIF. Location and description.--For description of Sacramento River see page 1800. This improvement includes various points on the river between its mouth and Chico Landing, 198.2 miles above, the work farthest upstream at present contemplated being at Moulton Break. Original condition.-See page 1801. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, and has hitherto been reported under the title " Alleviation of debris conditions in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers." The amount expended under this project was $680,000 from United States funds and $680,000 from contributed funds, a total of $1,360,000 for new work, prior to beginning work under the existing project in 1917. For details of this work see Annual Report for 1917, page 1815 et seq. Existing project.-This provides for the enlargement of the river channel below the mouth of Cache Slough, for making four cut-offs between the Feather River and Colusa, and for the construction of four by-pass weirs. These items of work are features of the general plan of flood control described in the project document, the remain- ing portions of which are being provided entirely at local expense. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $11,200,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, to be borne equally by the United States and the State of California. The works are to be maintained by the State of California after their comple- tion. Not more than $1,000,00 of United States funds can be ex- pended in any one fiscal year. The existing project was adopted by the flood-control act of March 1, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 81, 62d Cong., 1st sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 81, Sixty-second Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The United States dredging plant, consisting of two 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredges and auxiliary equipment, was operated only about half the year, a channel cut being made from about 1 miles below the United States Engineer storehouse at Rio Vista southerly 3,175 feet, averaging 300 feet wide and 29 feet deep at mean lower low water, with a total ex- cavation of 1,072,400 cubic yards. In the cut across Horseshoe Bend a total advance of 8,000 feet was made, excavating 1,738,100 cubic yards. At Bakers Point a total excavation of 296,300 cubic yards was made 196'4 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. as part of the work of enlarging the river channel by removal of this point, the total advance being 1,200 feet. In the three places a total of 3,106,800 cubic yards was excavated and wasted on spoil banks. The expenditure was $164,704.94, all for new work. Mis- cellaneous shore and office work relating to the above includes con- struction of two spillways, one on the north side of Chinaman Cut and one on the south side; planting of willows on 21,700 feet of new levees; placing of brush revetment on 2,415 feet of new levees; planting of grass to help retain hydraulic-dredge sand fills on 4.1 acres of spoil area and building of 7,929 feet of sand fence for the same purpose in another locality; furnishing of information and de- scriptions of 3,230.3 acres of land to the State for procurement as rights of way for dredging and spoil disposal; and also a tabulation of 482 acres additional, comprising all land needed for project pur- poses on the river below Grand Island; cross sections of excavation and estimates of yardage for the 12,415 feet of advance of the two hydraulic dredges; boundaries located on the ground by survey for 279.7 acres of rights of way under procural for spoil disposal; de- tailed topographical surveys of the spoil disposal area and vicinity on Sherman Island from Perleys Landing to Mayberry Slough, on lower Sherman Island; and of several areas on west bank of river below the 35-foot contour from Collinsville to Rio Vista and a gen- eral survey of the river from Collinsville to Rio Vista. The expendi- ture was $35,381.74 for new work. The combined cost of dredging work and administration was $198,288.45 for the 3,106,800 cubic yards, or $0.064 per cubic yard. Under contract on an hourly basis of payment six clamshell dredges were used to excavate 2,643,300 cubic yards of material in enlargem~et of the river channel below Cache Slough by simul- taneously making a channel cut in the river and building retaining embankment for hydraulic-dredge spoils or by dumping the excava- tion into deep water and to excavate 146,900 cubic yards from outside of the proposed flood channel in building necessary retaining em- bankments. On the west bank of the river, between the United States Engineer storehouse at Rio Vista and Collinsville, channel cuts were made in the river in various places and simultaneously retaining embankments for hydraulic-dredge spoils were built or existing em- bankments reinforced along the project line. The total advance of the dredges was 144,860 feet and the total excavation was 2,428,800 cubic yards. Also an embankment for retaining hydraulic-dredge spoils was built on the west bank of river at Marshall Cut, which lies outside the proposed flood channel; 81,700 cubic yards were exca- vated. On the east bank the work of the dredges was confined to Horseshoe Island, reinforcing the existing embankments. The ad- vance of the dredges on the northwest side of the island was 18,100 feet, with an excavation of 214,500 cubic yards, while simultaneously making a channel cut in the river and reinforcing retaining embank- ments. On the east side of Horseshoe Island, along the old river, 65,200 cubic yards of material was excavated from the bed of the old river, which is outside the proposed flood channel. Total excavation on all the above work was 2,790,200 cubic yards and total expendi- ture under the contract and for liabilities for 1918 was $116,911.45, all for new work. The total cost of dredging and administration was $136,573.41, or $0.05 per cubic yard. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1965 Under contract, on an hourly basis of payment, two clamshell dredges were used on the cut-off from Wild Irishman Bend to Kin- neys Bend, one of the proposed cut-offs between the Feather River and Colusa. The work was completed April 5, 1919, 105,703 cubic yards of material was excavated during fiscal year, at an expendi- ture under the contract, and for liabilities for 1918, of $20,591.44-, all for new work. The total amount excavated in the cut-off since commencing the work was 500,000 cubic yards. The total cost of dredging and administration was $16,671.12, or $0.158 per cubic yard. Survey work was completed at the Fremont Weir site and vicin- ity, detailed topography being taken on 338 acres of land, and brush cleared and trees cut on 5 acres. Nine borings were taken under the proposed site of the weir to determine the character of the foundation. The expenditure was $3,051.12 for new work. A sur- vey of American River from its mouth to Perkins was commenced and was 80 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. A de- tailed topographical survey was made. of 19 miles to determine the proper location and height of levees in harmony with the flood- control project. The total amount expended was $191,182.41 from United States funds and $186,602.18 from contributed funds, a total of $377,784.59 for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 6.8 per cent complete. The right side of the river channel between the ITnited States Engineer storehouse at Rio Vista and Collinsville has been enlarged through an excavation of 3,374,900 cubic yards by hy- draulic dredging, and 3,723,670 cubic yards by clamshell dredging,the latter operation producing a retaining embankment on the project line for hydraulic dredge spoils. As a part of the work of enlarging the river channel by removal of Bakers Point an excavation of 690,830 cubic yards has been made by hydraulic dredging, and 173,300 cubic yards by clamshell dredging, the latter operation also reinforcing the retaining embankment on the project line at the base of the point. An excavation of 1,335,600 cubic yards by hy- draulic dredging has enlarged the river channel, and 695,600 cubic yards by clamshell dredging simultaneously has enlarged the river channel and established a retaining embankment on the northwest side of Horseshoe Island. As part of the work of enlarging the river channel by removal of the lower end of Lower Sherman Island an excavation of 1,350,000 cubic yards has been made by hydraulic dredging. For details of this work see the Annual Report for 1917, page 1816. The total of all excavation done in the proposed enlargement of the flood channel between Rio Vista and Collinsville since commenc- ing the work in August, 1913, is 41,868,190 cubic yards of material, of which 33,286,466 cubic yards were excavated by the two United States hydraulic dredges and 8,581,724 cubic yards by the hired clamshell dredges. It is estimated that the above excavation has produced a channel with a capacity of 338,000 second-feet, assuming 1The amount of 495,517 cubic yards, line 9, page 1862 of Annual Report for 1918, is in error, should be 394,297 cubic yards; the percentage of completion should be 79 per cent instead of 65 per cent, and the cost per cubic yard, line 12, should be $0.114 instead of $0.092. 1966 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. water surface at project elevation. The above excavation has in- creased the flood capacity of the channel 105 per cent. The original channel. capacity below Cache Slough was 165,000 second-feet and the total channel capacity to be provided is 600,000 second-feet. The two cut-offs at Collins Eddy, and from Wild Irishman Bend to Kinneys Bend, have been completed. A detailed topographical survey of Fremont Weir site has been made. Sacramento Weir has been constructed by the city of Sacramento. Titles to land or easements needed for dredging or spoil disposal have been furnished by local interests for 5,100.6 acres, and are in course of procurement for 4,089.7 acres. Tabulations of 6,357.1 acres additional have been furnished the State, comprising all land needed for project pur- poses on the river below Grand Island, and of 250.8 acres additional land required for the three cut-offs between Knights Landing and Cranmore. For controlling depths and other conditions of navigation, see the report on Sacramento River. Work remaining to be done is the con- tinuation of enlargement of the river channel below the mouth of Cache Slough to project requirements, construction of the remaining two cut-offs between the Feather River and Colusa, and of the remaining three by-pass weirs, and continued compliance by local interests with cooperative requirements. The total expenditure has been $328,382.59 from United States funds and $323,810.40 from contributed funds, a total of $652,192.99 for new work. Local cooperation.-The flood-control act of March 1, 1917, pro- vided that no money shall be expended until assurances have been given satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the State of Califor- nia will contribute annually for the work until its full equal share thereof slhll .have been contributed, sums equal to those expended annually for the work by the United States; that the river levees contemplated in the project document will be constructed to such grade and section and within such time as may be required by the California Debris Commission; that all rights of way, easements, and lands shall be provided free of cost to the United States, and that no money paid or expenses incurred therefor shall be computed as a part of the contribution of the State of California toward the work of improvement. Such assurances were approved by the Secre- tary of War as satisfactory on July 13, 1917, and this local coopera- tion, progressive with the work, is now in force. The total amount contributed by local interests toward these and other features of the general plan of flood control is about $670,000. The total amount contributed by local interests toward other fea- tures of the general plan of flood control is indeterminate. Since the flood-control plan was formulated there has been carried out, in accordance with it, work in reclamation and similar lines which was therein estimated to cost about $8,068,422 to do which work, accord- ing to a report received from the State Reclamation Board, actually cost local interests a total of $12,524,610.31. The large increase of the actual cost over that of the estimate is largely due to changes in the alignment of levees and by-passes, the construction of levees to a greater height and with a greater width than originally contemplated, and the general increase of unit costs. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, the State of California contributed $680,000 toward alleviation of CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1967 debris conditions in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers, and local interests aided by the State of California and city of Sacramento subscribed $260,000 for levees and spoil banks, which were trans- ferred to the United States. In addition the State has constructed a retaining embankment for spoil deposit at a cost of $12,400. Terminal facilities.-See page 1803. Effect of improvement.-Dredging below the mouth of Cache Slough has increased the flood discharge capacity of this portion of the river, thus decreasing the risk of flood damage in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Delta. The estimated amount of increase to flood discharge capacity is given under Condition at end of fiscal year Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the funds available as follows: Enlargement of river channel below the mouth of Cache Slough: (a) United States hydraulic dredging and related miscel- laneous work---------------------------------- $225, 000. 00 (b) Contract bucket dredging and related miscellaneous work_ 150, 000. 00 (c) Necessary additional plant __-.______________-- 600, 000. 00 Cut-offs between Feather River and Colusa__ ------- ________ 90, 000. 00 Construction of by-pass weirs: (a) Completion of details of Sacramento Weir, about com- pleted under State auspices ____________________ 7, 000. 00 (b) Completion of preparations for and initiation work on Fremont Weir ---------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Preparation of descriptions for cooperative requirements-...... 2, 500. 00 Balance estimated to be on hand July 1, 1920-------------------521, 307. 01 Total _------------------------------------- 1, 605, 807. 01 It is proposed to expend during the fiscal year of 1921 the funds estimated to be available on July 1, 1920, as follows: Enlargement of river channel below the mouth of Cache Slough: (a) United States hydraulic dredging and related misce-. laneous work_________________________ _________ $350,000. 00 (b) Contract bucket dredging and related miscellaneous work_ 20, 000.00 (c) Necessary additional plant____________________________ 20, 000. 00 Construction of by-pass weirs: (a) Construction of Fremont Weir_________________________ 128, 307. 01 Preparation of descriptions for cooperative requirements-__-_____ 3, 000. 00 Balance estimated to be on hand July 1, 1921___ Total--------------------------------------- ------ 521, 307. 01 In view of the fact that Federal appropriations must be matched by State appropriations' and the State legislature at its recent biennial session made appropriations matching all Federal appro- priations heretofore made, there are sufficient funds on hand for all proposed work to the end of fiscal year 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Commercial statistics.-See page 1804. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $67,161.39: New work _-_---------------_ $1, 008,382. 59 Maintenance-- Total appropriations to date of this report _______________ _ 1, 850, 000. 00 125851-ENG 1919---124 1968 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new worki ............................ .................... $191. 191,334.81 $191,182.41 Expended for maintenance .............................................. .... Appropriated or allotted ................... .......... $340,000.00 ............ 330,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended _____ __-__------- -- - $157, 596. 92 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918__ 330, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ---- 45, 202. 90 532, 799. 82 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work ------------------------------------------------ 191,182. 41 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--- .....---- --- -- 341, 617. 41 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities__- ----- _____- $25, 000 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts___ 16, 000 41, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available_ __...... __ - 300, 617. 41 -_____ Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919__ 500,000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920--------- 800, 617.41 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization, act of Mar. 1, 1917 __________________---_____ 4, 430, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project______________________-- - - ____ 24, 430, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $67,924.18: New wo------------------------------------------- $1, 003, 810. 40 Maintenance--- Total appropriations to date of this report __ __----------- 1,850, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................. ........ ............ ........... $191,342.78 $186,602.18 Expended for maintenance ....................................................... ........ Appropriated or allotted... .. ..... .......... ............ 340,000.00 330,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended___-___ -- - ________ -_ $157, 588. 93 Amount contributed by State of California, Aug. 22, 1918 ------- 330, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919---------------45, 202. 85 532, 791. 78 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 186, 602. 18 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended___-------------------- 346, 189. 60 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities__________------_ $25, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 16, 000. 00 41, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available----------------------------- 305, 189. 60 Amount appropriated by State of California, but not yet made available to United States___________----------------------- 500, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920 ---------- 805,189. 60 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. s Exclusive of available funds. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1969 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR UNITED STATES AND CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1.919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $135,085.57: New work $------------------------------------- 012, 192. 99 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 3, 700, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ....... ................$382,677.59 $377, 784.59 Expended for maintenance................ ............ Appropriated or allotted.................. ....... ............ 340,000.00 340,000.00 660,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended -------------------------- $315, 185. 85 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918_ 330,000. 00 Amount contributed by State of California, Aug. 22, 1918------ 330, 000. 00 Rieceipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919-------------- 90, 405.75 1, 065, 591. 60 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work ------------------------------------------------ 377, 784. 59 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended . _____________________ 687, 807. 01 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities -------------- $50, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ---------- ------------------------- 32, 000. 00 82, 000.00 July 1, 1919, balance available 605, 807. 01 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919, and amount appropriated by State of California but not yet made available to United States___________________________ 1, 000,000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920 ........ 1, 605, 807. 01 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization, act of Mar. 1, 1917 ------------------------------------ 4, 430, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------2 38, 860, 000. 00 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. Improvement of Mississippi River in charge of the Mississippi River Commission.. Commission headquarters.-St. Louis, Mo. Commissioners.- The commissioners during the fiscal year were Brig. Gen. W. H. Bixby, United States Army, retired, president to December 9, 1918; Col. C. McD. Townsend, Corps of Engineers, United States Army; president from December 9, 1918; J. A. Ocker- son, civil engineer; Homer P. Ritter, hydrographic and geodetic engineer, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, to April 20, 1919; Col. James G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, United States Army; Charles H. West, civil engineer; Col. Lansing H. Beach, Corps of Engineers, United States Army; and Edward A. Glenn. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. sExclusive of available funds. ' One-half by State of California. 1970 REPORT OF] CHIEF OF E1GINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. For convenience in administration and allotment of funds, the river from Rock Island, Ill., to the Head of Passes, a distance of 1,571 miles, is divided into districts and suboffices as follows: Northern district.-Levees Cape Girardeau to Rock Island, 452 miles; and secretary's office, surveys, gages, etc. Office, 1311 Inter- national Life Building, St. Louis, Mo. Dredging district.-Dredging operations below Cairo. Office, United States Dredging Fleet, Memphis, Tenn. First district.-Cape Girardeau, Mo., to foot of Island No. 40, 270 miles, of which Cape Girardeau to Cairo, 54 miles, is restricted to levee work. Office, Customhouse, Memphis, Tenn. Second district.-Footof Island No. 40 to White River, 173 miles. Office, Customhouse, Memphis, Tenn. Third district.-White River to Warrenton, Miss., 218 miles. Office, Post Office Building, Vicksburg, Miss. Fourth district.-Warrenton to Head of Passes, 458 miles. Office, 519 Canal Street, New Orleans, La. Jurisdiction of commission.-The Mississippi River Commission, constituted by act of Congress of June 28, 1879, is in charge of the improvements of the Mississippi River from Head of Passes to the mouth of the Ohio River, including the rectification of Red and Atchafalaya Rivers at their junction with the Mississippi, the build- ing of levees, and the improvement of the several harbors for which specific appropriations have been made. It is also charged with the survey of the Mississippi River from Head of Passes to its head- waters and with gaging the river and its tributaries. By act of Con- gress approved March 4, 1913, an appropriation for levees from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill., was made for expenditure under the commission. Acts of Congress approved July 27, 1916, and March 1, 1917, provided for the continuation of levee work from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill., and extended the jurisdiction of the commission to include work on the Ohio River from its mouth to the mouth of the Cache River, and on the Arkansas River from its mouth to its intersection with the division line between Lincoln and Jefferson Counties. Location and description.-The Mississippi River rises at Lake Itasca, Minn. It flows in a general southerly direction and empties into the Gulf of Mexico. The total length of the river is 2,477 miles. The total length of the river between Rock Island, Ill., and the Head of Passes is 1,571 miles. This portion of the river receives the drainage from an area of about 1,240,000 squiare miles, compris- ing nearly all the United States between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountain ranges. Discharge measurements of the river show a maximum of 253,000 second-feet and minimum of 21,000 second- feet at Rock Island, 511 miles above Cairo; a maximum of 1,146,000 second-feet and a minimum of 24,000 second-feet at St. Louis, 190 miles above Cairo; and a maximum of 2,015,000 second-feet and minimum of 71,000 second-feet at Columbus, Ky., 20 miles below Cairo. The ordinary low-water stages prevail through the five months, August to December, inclusive, each year. Extreme high- water stages may occur during any month in the year on the river between Rock Island and Cairo. Extreme high-water stages usually occur in the months, March to June, inclusive, at Cairo; and the MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1971 crest travels from Cairo to New Orleans, a distance of 964 miles, in about 30 days. Ordinary high-water stages may occur at any season of the year, but are of infrequent occurrence during the sum- mer and fall seasons. The extreme range in stages on record is 20.5 feet at Rock Island, 55.7 feet at Cairo, and 22.6 feet at New Orleans. The river is nontidal above the mouth of Red River, 294 miles from the Head of Passes. The amplitude of the tide at Red River Landing rarely exceeds 0.1 foot during extreme low water. Original condition.-Low-water navigation was rendered difficult and hazardous by the formation of bars across the channel, some- times limiting the controlling depth to 4 feet. Previous projects.-The original project contained in the report of the Mississippi River Commission, dated February 17, 1880, con- templated the permanent fixing and improvement of the channel to a depth of at least 10 feet at the extreme low water, by the contrac- tion of the low-water width to about 3,000 feet, the protection of the banks against caving, and the control of the flood water by means of levees. Existing project.-The existing project is to maintain a channel not less than 9 feet deep and not less than 250 feet wide from the mouth of the Ohio River to the Head of Passes, near the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of 1,065 miles, by open-channel work and by dredging; to confine the river below Cairo to a permanent position by bank revetment; to maintain a navigable channel between the waters of the Mississippi, Red, and Atchafalaya Rivers; to control flood waters from Rock Island to Head of Passes by levees; and to make such surveys, examinations, and investigations of the Missis- sippi River and its tributaries as may be deemed necessary for the execution of the project. Specific provisions were made by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, for constructing dredging plant and maintaining for low-water navigation below Cairo a chan- nel of 250 feet width and 9 feet depth at all periods of the year, except when stopped by ice; by the act of June 4, 1906, for extend- ing the limits of levee construction from the mouth of the Ohio River up to Cape Girardeau, Mo.; by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, for similar further extension of limits of levee con- struction from Cape Girardeau, Mo., up to Rock Island, Ill.; for the extension of limits of construction of both levees and revetment up the Ark'ansas River from its mouth to its intersection with the division line between Lincoln and Jefferson Counties; for the im- provement of the Ohio River from its mouth to the mouth of Cache River; and by the flood-control act of March 1, 1917, for the con- struction of levees needed for flood control in addition to those needed for navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Sessions of the com- mission: The one hundred and forty-third and one hundred and forty-fifth sessions were held in St. Louis, Mo., July 23-25, 1918, and February 10-11, 1919, respectively, the latter being a special session called for the purpose of submitting a report on the survey of the Atchafalaya River and basin and the flood control thereof. The one hundred and forty-fourth session, November 13-23, 1918, and the one hundred and forty-sixth, April 15-23, 1919, were held on hoard the steamer Mississippi during inspections of the river from St. Louis, Mo., to New Orleans, La. 1972 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Surveys, gages, and observations: Gages were maintained and discharge observations were made on the Mississippi River and its tributaries. A total of 42,000 maps and charts, as follows, were printed during the year under contract: Twenty-five thousand charts, scale 1:20000; 12,100 maps, scale 1 inch= mile; and 4,900 index 1 maps and" miscellaneous sheets. The reduction and plotting of field notes of the survey of the Atchafalaya River from Red River to Morgan City, La., was completed. Channel dredging: Dredges were operated during the low-water season as follows, the numbers in parentheses being distances below Cairo: Gayoso (108), River Styx (143), Yankee Bar (171), Drivers (171), and Fords (715). Dredging was also done in the mouth of the Yazoo Canal (602) to give access to Vicksburg Harbor, and at the dredge fleet (230) to remove an accumulation of sand from the outer end of the marine railway side haul dry dock. The project depth of 9 feet was maintained through all bars, but surveys made during the first 10 days in October showed that channels were less than 250 feet in width at Gayoso, Yankee Bar, and Drivers. The amount of material moved by all the dredges during the season was 625,429 cubic yards. Memphis Harbor: A channel along the paved wharf was main- tained by dredging. Pile dikes with foot mats were constructed on Robinson Crusoe Island to deflect the current into the harbor. Revetment: Below Cairo 15,887 linear feet of bank were revetted. About 2,008,600 square feet of mattress were built and placed and 60,300 square feet of bank were paved to repair existing work. Levees: A total of 11,488,718 cubic yards was placed in levees. The expenditures during the year, including receipts from sales, etc., are summarized below: Total Location and object. Maintenance. New work. expenditures. UNITED STATES FUNDS. (Specific appropriations.) Mississippi River Commission ................... : ........... $14, 775.67 $44,327.01 $59,102.68 Surveys gages, and observations.............................. 1,213.85 58,756.32 59,970.17 Levees, head of Passes to Rock Island, Ill ................ 305, 063.00 2,159, 558.49 2,464, 621.49 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel im- provement and protection .... .................. 967,038.65 1,082, 381.89 2,049, 420.54 Dredges and dredging..... ...................... 505, 579. 87 505,579.87 Improving Memphis Harbor (from appropriation for flood control).... . .............. ...................... 126, 580. 7097,745.25 224, 325.95 Plant and miscellaneous................................... 78,060.21 611,745.51 689,805.72 Total..................... ................... 1,998,311.95 4,054,514.47 6,052,826.42 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Levees, Head of Passes to Rock Island, Ill..... ......... 15,604.12 966,354.49 981,958.61 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel im- provement and protection............... .......... 66,802.63 55,039.28 121,841.91 Total.................... .................... 82,406.75 1,021,393.77 1,103,800.52 Consolidated specific appropriations and contributed funds... 2,080,718.70 5,075, 908.24 7,156, 626.94 UNITED STATES FUNDS. (Permanent appropriations.) Gaging waters of Mississippi River and tributaries.......... 10,008.17 10,008.17 Grand total....... .......................... 2,080,718.70 5, 085,916.41 7,166, 635.11 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1973 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The general survey of the Missis- sippi River from Head of Passes, La., to its headwaters at Lake Itasca, Minn., has been completed and maps of the river published. The re- survey from Cairo, Ill., to the mouth of Red River, La., has been com- pleted and maps therefrom prepared for publication have been printed. Various discharge, gage, and other observations have been made on the Mississippi River and tributaries and the Gulf of Mexico. Works for the improvement of the channel have been executed at various places below Cairo. Revetment work below Cairo is now in place and in good condition on about 95.74 miles of river bank. There are 1,680 miles of effective levees, containing about 349,280,992 cubic yards, between Head of Passes, La., and Rock Island, Ill. The levees below Rock Island protect about 27,116 square miles of land. About 73.8 per cent of the total yardage required to complete the levees below Rock Island is now in place. Dredging, which has been done annually since 1895 below Cairo wherever necessary to maintain a navigable channel 9 feet in depth, has proved so successful that in the Missis- sippi River there is now, with rare exceptions, a good navigable channel at all stages, with a depth of 9 feet or more over a width of at least 250 feet for a distance of 841 miles below Cairo, and a depth of not less than 30 feet over a width of several hundred feet for the remaining 239 miles to the Gulf of Mexico. The necessary plant re- quired for surveys, dredging, and bank-protection work has been con- structed and maintained. The expenditures, excluding receipts from sales, etc., under the commission have been as follows: New work. Maintenance. Total. United States funds ......................... $76,224,408.41 $24,047,007.18 $100,271,415.59 Contributed funds ............................ 2,126, 648.02 100, 058.80 2,226,706.82 Total................................... 78,351,056.43 24,147,065.98 102,498,122.41 Local cooperation.-It has been almost entirely in the construction of levees and revetments that the local authorities have contributed toward the improvement of the river. The organized levee boards have for many years constructed a large portion of the existing levee line, but in recent years local interests have also contributed toward revetment construction, although such contributions have been small compared with the total cost of bank-protection works. The amount contributed to June 30, 1919, was $3,118,701.67 for levees and $830,- 987.63 for revetment; total contributed, $3,949,689.30. Terminal facilities.-There are mechanical means for handling river freight at Cairo, Ill.; Memphis, Tenn.; Bauxippi, Ark.; Rose- dale, Miss.; Natchez, Miss.; and New Orleans, La. At small towns and landings there is usually a warehouse. At New Orleans there are 4.85 miles of public wharf, of which 3.39 miles are covered with steel sheds, all under the control of the Board of Commis- sioners of the Port of New Orleans. There are also 2.2 miles of private docks. A belt-line railroad owned by the city of New Orleans serves all water terminals and connects with all railroads. For a detailed statement see report on terminal facilities in the annual re- port of the Mississippi River Commission. - 1974 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Effect of improvement.-It may be stated that in a general way the improvement is providing a safe and adequate channel for naviga- tion, and is now in condition to prevent the destructive effects of floods in all except the most extreme high waters. Proposed operations.-To correct, permanently locate, and main- tain the project-channel depth, to revet caving banks, to complete the levee systems, and to improve the river harbors constitute the prin- cipal objects for which funds are necessary. The flood-control act provides " that not more than $10,000,000 shall be expended therefor during any one fiscal year." The full amount can be profitably ex- pended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, provided it is made available by Congress prior to the commencement of such year, and exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1920. Commercial statistics.-These are appended to the commission's re- port. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS (SPECIFIC APPROPRIATIONS). Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $517,372.80: New work------------------------------------------- $76, 224, 408.41 Maintenance -------------------------------- -- 24, 047, 007. 18 Net total expended------------------- --- 100. 271, 415. 59 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 105, 440, 903. 96 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1... $2,151,181.77 $... $2,188,121.14 $2,934,405.46 $4,027,730.26 $4,054,514.47 Expended for maintenance 1...... 877, 309.04 1,125,021.58 1,490,179.06 1,675,731.67 1,998,311.95 Totalexpended 1......... 3,028,490,81 3, 313,142.72 4,424,584.52 5,703,461.93 6,052,826.42 Appropriated or allotted.......... 7,750,000,00 ................ 6,000, 000.00 5,660,0000 6,705,725.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended- ------------------------- $4, 470, 066. 20 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 ----- - -------------------------- 35, 725.00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918---------------------------------------------------- 6, 670,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919--- -- 46, 523. 59 11, 222, 314. 79 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:" For new work--------------------------- $4, 054, 514. 47 For maintenance------------------------ 1,998,311. 95 6, 052, 826. 42 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended -------------------------- 5, 169, 488. 37 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ------------- 873, 925. 31 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ______-_------- 2, 476, 009. 82 3, 349, 935. 13 July 1, 1919, balance available----------------------------- 1, 819, 553. 24 1 To make this amount comparable with total to be accounted for, etc., in table of recapitulation of expenditures, page 3560, add $517,372.80 account amount received from receipts from sales, etc. 2 Amount $4.3111.775.59, previously reported increased $158,290,61, account refund- ii etc.. lulisbed in detail under money statements of the Commission. ,nti.s, * Nut deductin rcelipts from sales, etc. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1975 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919 ------------------- ------------------------- $6, 670, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920 ------ 8, 489, 553. 24 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project__ ________________________ ------------------------- Indefinite. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work and for maintenance---------- 110, 000, 000.00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, after deducting $13,812.37 returned to contributors: New work___----- ------------------- $2, 126, 648. 02 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 100, 058. 80 Net total expended----- --------------------------- 2, 226, 706. 82 Total contributions to date of this report------------------ 2 3, 949, 689. 30 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 xpended- for new work..... ....... 207,862.49 $135,128.21 $196, 561.22 $395, 772.01 $1,021,393.77 Expended for maintenance ...... ... .. ....... ............ 5,173.47 11,411.97 82,406.75 Total expended:.................. 207,862.49 135,128.21 201,734.69 407,183.98 1,103,800.52 Contributed ........................... 218,00000 290,000.00 209,00000 0 1,423,201.67 1,603,500.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ ._____- -- ______--__--$1, 223,283. 00 Amount contributed by local interests----------------------1, 603, 500. 00 2, 826,783. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__________________ _____ $1,021,393. 77 * For maintenance _---------- 82, 406. 75 1, 103, 800. 52 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended____________________________ 1, 722, 982. 48 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-_________ 313, 360. 16 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ---------------------------------- 1, 196, 318. 11 1, 509, 678. 27 July 1, 1919, balance available_ ___________________________ 213, 304. 21 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work________________________________ (S) CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR UNITED STATES AND CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30,.1919, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $531,185.17: New Work -------------------------------------- $78,351,056. 43 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 24, 147, 065. 98 Net total expended ----------------------------- _ 102, 498, 122. 41 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report__ '109, 309, 593. 26 SI:x(lIIs:ve of available funds. *ITo make this anmomnt comparable with the total to be accounted for, etc., in table of rec(apituilaton of expenditures, page 3560, add $13,812.37 account amount returned to col tributors. S1'roportionl shtlaret as provided by lw. 4 1Tomake this Nmof)nt comparable with table of recapitulation, see notes under U. S8 anti contributed funds. 1976 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work' ....... $2,359,044.26 $2,323,249.35 $3, 130,966.68 $4, 423,502.27 $5, 075, 908.24 Expended for maintenance 1..... 877, 309. 04 1,125,021.58 1, 495, 352.53 1,687,143.64 2, 080, 718.70 -1 1 __1 _ 11____/__ Total expended 1......... 3, 236,353. 30 3,448,270.931 4,626,319.21 6,110, 645.91 7,156,626.94 =1 I i I----j--~/----- - Appropriated, allotted and con- tributed....................... 7,968,000.00 290, 000.00 6,209,000.00 7,083, 201.67 8,309,225.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ $5, 693, 349. 20 Amount contributed by local interests____________________ 1, 603, 500.00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 35, 725. 00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918_ 6, 670, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919________.. ___ 46, 523. 59 14, 049, 097. 79 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year :' For new work_________ __------------- $5, 075,908..24 For maintenance___------- - __-____-_ 2, 080, 718. 70 7, 156, 626. 94 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ 6, 892, 470. 85 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities----------- 1, 187, 285. 47 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts --------------------------------- 3, 672, 327.93 4., .59.61f. ,, V 40 . IV July 1, 1919, balance available____________________---------------- 2, 032, 857. 45 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919_ 6, 670, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920______ 2 3 8, 702, 857. 45 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project__-_--------------------------_-- Indefinite. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work and for maintenance-----____ "10, 000, 000. 00 SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 27, 1916, AND THE FLOOD-CONTROL ACT APPROVED MARCH 1, 1917. The Mississippi River Commission was charged with the duty of making surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, and the flood-control act of March 1, 1917, of the Atcha- falaya River and related basins, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE CONGRESSES OF NAVIGATION. 1. By act approved June 28, 1902, Congress appropriated the sum of $3,000 per year for the support and maintenance of the Perma- nent International Association of the Congresses of Navigation and for the payment of the actual expenses of the properly accredited national delegates of the United States to the meetings of the con- gresses and of the commission. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. s This amount will be increased by the proportional share of funds to be contributed by local interests as required by law. ' Exclusive of available funds. EXPERIMENTAL TOWBOATS FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 1977 2. At the beginning of the fiscal year the United States was repre- sented, on the Permanent International Association of the Con- gresses of Navigation by Brig. Gen. W, H. Bixby, United States Army, retired, chairman of the American section; Maj. Gen. Harry F. Hodges, United States Army; Col. J. C. Sanford, Corps of En- gineers, United States Army, secretary of the American section; Mr. John Bogart; and Hon. J. Hampton Moore, Member of Con- gress. No change in the representation has occurred during the year. 3. On account of the conditions existing in Europe during the fiscal year no meeting of the commission was held. 4. The expenditures during the year from the above appropria tion amounted to $1,003.86, and were for the support and mainte- nance of the commission, for which the United States contributes $1,000 per annum, and for telegrams. REPORT OF BOARD ON EXPERIMENTAL TOWBOATS FOR MISSIS- SIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. In compliance with the river and harbor acts approved June 25, 1910, and July 27, 1916, which provide for the design and construc- tion of two experimental towboats with a complement of suitable barges and necessary loading and unloading facilities, after investi- gation of the types of boats in use on nontidal rivers in this and other countries, and for experiments in transportation of heavy freight on the Mississippi River and its tributaries, a board of en- gineer officers was appointed for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of these acts. Personnel of the board during the fiscal year: Brig. Gen. William H. Bixby, United States Army, retired, to February 2r," 1919; Col. Curtis McD. Townsend, Corps of Engineers, February 24, 1919, to date; Col. Lansing H. Beach, Corps of Engineers; Mr. William S. Mitchell, assistant engineer, to February 24, 1919; Col. Wildurr Willing, Corps of Engineers, February 24, 1919, to date. Description.-The river and harbor acts approved June 25, 1910, and July 27, 1916, provide for the design and construction of two experimental towboats with a complement of suitable barges and necessary loading and unloading facilities for experiments in trans- portation of heavy freights on the Mississippi River and its tributa- ries, after investigation of the types of boats in use on nontidal rivers in this and other countries. Existing project.-The purpose of the project is to demonstrate the economy or lack of economy in the transportation of heavy freights on the nontidal rivers of this country, and the determina- tion of the most suitable equipment for this purpose. In a pre- liminary report (1914) on results of experiments on models of various barges, boat hulls, and propelling wheels, and studies of various types of engines and steam plants, the board recommended tests with full-sized vessels, barges of two types, and towboats with stern paddlewheels and with twin screws in tunnels. Also tests were recommended to determine the relative suitability and efficien- cies of various boilers, furnaces, engines, wheels, and screw pro- pellers of varying blade areas and pitches. Other auxiliary features 1978 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. were also to be tested. To carry out these recommendations it was proposed to tow barges loaded with coal, sand, and stone over certain stretches of the river, and to keep record of the tonnage, perform- ance of boilers and engines, and operating costs in order to determine unit costs of transportation. The project is authorized by section 1 of the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, and section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916. preliminary report of the board -The has been printed as House Document No. 857, Sixty-third Congress, secotnd session. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Tests were started with the United States towboat King, but were suspended August 29, 1918, for the period of the war because of the more urgent de- mand for the river barges by the United States Railroad Adminis- tration, to which they were leased for commercial towing. A meeting of the board was held at St. Louis, Mo., July 24, 1918. Preparation of a report, supplementary to preliminary report of the board, 1914, has been taken up and is well under way. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work outlined by the board and completed to date is as follows: Tests. Outlined. Completed. Boiler and engine tests ............................................ ....... sets.. 4 3 Radial wheels ........................................... ......................... 17 7 Feathering wheels............................... .. ......................... sets.. 30 4 Propellers ....... .... ................................ do. ... 4 3 The total estimated test work is about 38 per cent completed. The steamer King is now equipped with compound condensing engines, new boilers, and feathering paddle wheel, and is practically ready for test work, if not required for towing purposes. Another set of compound condensing engines of higher speed is being built for later installation on the King, and is about 85 per cent completed, but work on this contract was temporarily suspended by agreement with the contractor, at the request of and to expedite work for the United States Coast Guard, in process of manufacture by him. The expenditures for the fiscal year have been $55,999.98 for new work. Proposed operations.-Resumption of towing tests will be made as soon as vessels suitable therefor are available. The preparation of a report embracing the tests and investigations of the board, to be published supplementary to the preliminary report of 1914, will be continued. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 0, 1919, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,27.07: New work------------------------------------------- $346, 779. 42 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 0.00. 00 1 Amounts reported last year adjusted. POLLUTION OF NAVIGABLE WATERS. 1979 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 I1919 Expended for new work ........................ $29,154.21 2$8100,420. 3518161,204.88 $55, 999.98 Expended for maintenance...................................... . ..................... Appropriated or allotted ................ .. . .. ............. .............. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Amounts reported last year adjusted. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_____________________---------------1$204,946. 89 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919________------- 4,273. 67 209, 220. 56 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year 2 for new work_ 55, 999.98 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended------------------ 153, 220. 58 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities__________-- ____ $250. 00 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 20, 549. 50 20, 799. 50 July 1, 1919, balance available- -__ ____--_-___ _ 132, 421.08 STATEMENT OF FLOATING PLANT, INCLUDING DREDGING OPERATIONS. For a statement of the operations of dredging plants owned by the United States for the calendar year ending December 31, 1918, to- gether with a complete list of the floating plant owned and operated by the Engineer Department, attention is invited to the separate report on the subject at the end of volume 3 of this report. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES OF RIVERS AND HARBORS. For examinations, surveys, and contingencies, and for incidental repairs for rivers and harbors, for which there may be no special appropriation, an appropriation of $300,000 should be made. POLLUTION OF NAVIGABLE WATERS. The discharge into the navigable waters of the United States of acid and acid waste by mines and manufacturing establishments op- erating near such waters, and of oil from vessels and other sources, has been the subject of complaint for many years. It is generally recognized and admitted that such discharge pol- lutes the streams, destroys fish and fish life, and renders the waters insanitary and unfit for domestic purposes, but as these are matters of local concern, and usually subject to corrective regulation and control under State and municipal laws, they did not for a time seem to call for Federal action. Studies and investigations in recent years have, however, demon- strated beyond question that the discharge of acid and acid waste has increased to such an extent as to cause serious injury to commerce and navigation, as well as direct damage to Government structures, especially on such important rivers as the Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio. 1 Increased by $135 over amount reported last year. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1980 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Careful tests made in the pools above navigation dams in those rivers, in the Pittsburgh district, show that the quantity of free acid discharged into them from mines, coal washers, and mills aggregates about 6,500 tons per day. The presence of acid and acid salts in the water causes deterioration of the boilers and hulls of steamboats and damages the submerged metal parts of the Government locks and dams. The discharge of oil into the navigable waters has not, so far as known, caused serious injury to any Government structures or ves- sels, but the complaints concerning it have become so numerous and insistent in recent years, and the possibility which it creates of extensive conflagrations among shipping and along wharf fronts is so serious that it is considered advisable to bring the matter to the attention of Congress. It is believed that the conservation of Federal as well as of com- mercial interests requires the establishment of regulations governing the discharge of acid or oil into navigable waters and that legislation for the purpose should be enacted, as follows: That, within limits to be prescribed by the Secretary of War, it shall not be lawful to throw, discharge, or deposit, or cause, suffer, or procure to be thrown, discharged or deposited from any source whatever, any free acid or acid waste, or oil, in any form, either directly or indirectly, into any navigable water; and every person arid every corporation that shall violate, or that shall knowingly aid, abet, authorize, or instigate a violation of the foregoing provi- sions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $2,500 nor less than $500, or by imprisonment (in the case of a natural person) for not less than thirty days nor more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court: Provided, That this section may be enforced as provided in section 17 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, the provisions whereof are hereby made applicable thereto. RULES AND REGULATIONS TO GOVERN THE USE, ADMINISTRATION, AND NAVIGATION OF THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES. Section 4 of the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, as amended by section 11 of the act of June 13, 1902, and section 7 of the act of August 8, 1917, delegates to the Secretary of War the duty of prescribing such rules and regulations for the use, administration, and navigation of the navigable waters of the United States as in his judgment the public necessity may require for the protection of life and property or of operations of the United States in channel im- provement, covering all matters not specifically delegated by law to some other executive department. Such rules and regulations have been established during the past year by the Secretary of War, as follows: 1. Sabine-Neches Canal, Tex., guard lock: May 29, 1919. RULES AND REGULATIONS ESTABLISHED UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF AN ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED MAY 9, 1900, FOR THE NAVIGA- TION OF STREAMS ON WHICH THE FLOATING OF LOOSE TIMBER AND SACK RAFTS OF TIMBER AND LOGS IS THE PRINCIPAL METHOD OF NAVIGATION. Under the provisions of the act of Congress, approved May 9, 1900, entitled, "An act authorizing the Secretary of War to make regula- tions governing the running of loose logs, steamboats, and rafts on RULES FOR USE OF NAVIGABLE WATERS. 1981 certain rivers and streams," whereon the floating of loose timber and logs and sack rafts of timber and logs is the principal method of navigation, the Secretary of War prescribed rules and regulations for such navigation during the past year as follows: 1. Bayou Lafourche, La. (and its navigable tributaries), July 24, 1918. 2. Bayou Nezpique from its mouth to Grand Canal pumping plant (mile 22); Bayou Des Cannes from its mouth to Evangeline Bridge (mile 81); Bayou Plaquemine Brule from its mouth to head of improvement (mile 19); Bayou Queue de Tortue from its mouth to Southern Pacific Railroad bridge (mile 14) and their navigable tributaries, La., July 24, 1918. ESTABLISHMENT OF ANCHORAGE GROUNDS, AND RULES AND REGU- LATIONS THEREFOR, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 7 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 4, 1915. On March 4, 1915, the Secretary of War approved a recommenda- tion of the Chief of Engineers that all anchorage grounds in navi- gable waters of the United States, and the rules and regulations in relation thereto, established by lawful authority of the United States and in force on that date, be continued until further notice. (G. O. No. 21, War Department, Apr. 13, 1915, Par. III.) On May 28, 1915, the Secretary of War designated the officers of the Coast Guard then serving as supervisors of anchorages at the several ports as the officers in whose name proceedings should be in- stituted under the law and directed that at a port or place where there is no supervisor of anchorages proceedings be instituted in the name of the district engineer officer. (G. O. No. 8, O. C. of E., Aug. 11, 1915.) On February 25, 1918, the Secretary of the Treasury assumed juris- diction over all rules and regulations governing anchorages and movements of vessels in the navigable waters of the United States for the period of the war, in accordance with Title II, section 1, of the act of Congresss approved June 15, 1917, entitled "An act to pun- ish acts of interference with the foreign relations, the neutrality, and the foreign commerce of the United States, to punish espionage, and to better enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and for other purposes," and with Executive Order No. 1413, dated Decem- ber 3, 1917. Lists of the anchorages heretofore established by the Secretary of War are found in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for 1916, 1917, and 1918, on pages 1755, 1829, and 1879, respectively. No anchorages were established by the Secretary of War during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919. RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE OPENING OF DRAW- BRIDGES. Section 5 of the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, provides that it shall be the duty or all persons owning, operating, and tend- ing the drawbridges then built, or which might thereafter be built, across navigable rivers and other waters of the United States to open or cause to be opened the draws of such bridges under such rules and regulations as in the opinion of the Secretary of War the public interests require for the passage of vessels and other water craft. 1982 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Such rules and regulations have been established during the past year by the Secretary of War, as follows: 1. Great Channel at Stone Harbor, N. J.: Bridge of Cape May County, N. J., and the Stone Harbor Terminal Railroad Co., July 16, 1918. 2. Schuylkill River, Pa.: Penrose Ferry Highway Bridge at Philadelphia, Sep- tember 4, 1918, amended January 16, 1919, and revised May 23, 1919. 3. Black River at Fourth Avenue, Lorain, Ohio, October 30, 1918. 4. Willamette River at Portland, Oreg., October 30, 1918. 5. Poquonock River at Bridgeport, Conn.: Stratford Avenue Bridge; New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Bridge; Congress Street Bridge; East Washington Avenue Bridge; Grand Street Bridge. Yellow Mill Channel, at Bridgeport, Conn.: Yellow Mill Bridge at Stratford Avenue. Johnsons River, at Bridgeport, Conn.: Steeplechase Bridge at end of Seaview Avenue. November 26, 1918. 6. Harbor of Southwest Baltimore (Spring Garden), Md. (Middle Branch of Patapsco River): Bridge of the city of Baltimore at Hanover Street, December 14, 1918. 7. Schuylkill River, Pa.: Penrose Ferry Highway Bridge at Philadelphia, modifi- cation of paragraph 6 of regulations of September 4, 1918. 8. Mianus River at Coscob, Conn.: Bridge of New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co., March 13, 1919. 9. Wabash River at_ Riverton, Ind., and Grayville, Ill.: Bridges of the Illinois Central Railroad Co., March 14, 1919. 10. Black River at Port Huron, Mich.: Bridge of Pere Marquette Railway Co., April 18, 1919. BRIDGING NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES. PLANS APPROVED BY THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS AND SECRETARY OF WAR DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1919. The approval by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of War of plans of bridges to cross navigable waters of the United States is required by section 9 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, and by the general bridge act approved March 23, 1906. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919, plans and maps of location of the bridges described in the following lists were approved after examination concerning their effect upon the interests of navi- gation, and, so far as necessary, to see that the bridges are built in accordance with the approved plans, the local engineers were charged with the supervision of their construction: (A) BRIDGES AUTHORIZED BY SPECIAL ACTS OF CONGRESS. Applicant. Waterway and location. Actp- Plans ap- Remarks. South Carolina State Little Peedee River, at June 19,1918 Aug. 20,1918 To replace an ex- Hiehway Department Galivants Ferry, S. C. isting structure. and Marion and Horry Counties, S. C. Ordnance Department, Cumberland River, 0.3 (1) Aug. 26,1918 United States Army. m il e a b o ve Paynes Ferry, Tenn. Constructing Quartermas- Cano Martin Pena, P. R.. (1) Oct. 4,1918 ter, Camp Las Casas, P.R. Philadelphia, Harrisburg Susquehanna River, at Oct. 19,1918 Nov. 30, 1918 Reconstruction. & Pittsburgh R. R. Harrisburg, Pa. Co., by the Philadel- phia & Reading Ry. Co., lessee. Winnebago County and Rock River, at or near Nov. 7,1918 Jan. 13,1919 town of Rockford, Ill. Camp Grant, in Winne- bago County, Ill. City of Fairmont, W. Va. Monongahela River, at Apr. 17,1916 2 Jan. 20,1919 In lieu of plans ap- Fairmont, W. Va. proved June 27, 1916. SNo specific authorization by Congress. Constructed as a military measure. 2 As amended by act approved Sept. 11, 1918. BRIDGING NAVIGABLE WATERS OF U. S. 1983 (A) BRIDGES AUTHORIZED BY SPECIAL ACTS OF CONGRESS--continued. Applicant. Waterway and location. Act ap- Plans a - Remarks. proved. proved. i i __ __ _ i_1 Wolf Creek Lumber Co...Tug River, at Wolf Creek, Oct. 6,1917 Jan. 29,1919 near Kermit, W. Va. City of Janesville, Wis... Rock River, at or near Feb. 27,1919 Mar. 12,1919 To replace an ex- South Jackson Street, isting structure. Janesville, Wis. W enatchee-B eebe O r- Columbia River, about 2 ..... do........ Apr. 10,1919 chard Co., Beebe, miles north from the Wash. town of Chelan Falls, Kratka Township, Pen- Red pke River, Kratka Feb. 19,19171 Apr. 19,1919 nington County, Minn. Township, Pennington County, Minn. Trumbull County, Ohio.. Mahoning River, near July 12,1918 May 9,1919 Niles, Ohio. Fall Branch Coal Co...... Tug River, at or near Feb. 27,1919 May 22,1919 Williamson, W. Va. (B) BRIDGES AUTHORIZED BY STATE LAWS. Applicant. Waterway and location. appland. approved. Remarks. New York, New Haven & Quinnipiac River, at New July 6,1918 In lieu of plans approved Hartford R. R. Co. Haven, Conn., 2.6 miles Dec. 17, 1917. above its mouth. Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co... Curtis Creek about 2 miles July 8,1918 Plans of a bridge at this from mouth, and about 7 point were approved miles from Baltimore, Md. June 7, 1917. No ad- vantage was taken of the authority granted and the instrument expired by limitation. Palm Beach County, Fla..... Lake Worth, at Lake Worth, ..... do....... Fla. Sutter County, Calif ........ Feather River, near Nicolaus, July 19,1918 In lieu of plans approved Calif. June 6 1916. Metropolitan Park Commis- Neponset River, between the July 23,1918 Superse~ng pl a n s ap- sion, Boston, Mass. cities of Boston and Quincy, proved July 6, 1916, so Mass. far as relates to the tem- porary bridge. Pierce County, Wash........ Hylebos Waterway, 6 600 feet July 25,1918 north of citylimits, tacoma, Wash. State Road Department of Apalachicola River, one-half July 30,1918 In lieu of plans approved Florida. mile west of Chattahoochee, Nov. 30, 1917. Fla. Escambia County, Fla....... Bayou Chico, 200 yards from July 31,1918 In lieu of plans approved mouth, near Pensacola, Fla. May 25, 1918. Okanogan County, Wash.... Okanogan River, at Pine Aug. 2,1918 Street, Okanogan, Wash. Pensacola Electric Co., Bayou Grande and Bayou Aug. 15,1918 Pensacola, Fla. Davenport, near Pensacola, Fla. City of Jersey City, N. J..... Hackensack River, between Aug. 20,1918 Temporary pile trestle Seacaucus and Kingsland, bridges. N. J.; Passaic River, be- tween Delawanna and Lyndhurst N. J. State Highway Commission. Mantua Creek, in the town of ..... do....... To replace an existing of New Jersey. Mantua, N. J. bridge. Michigan Central R. R. Co. Rouge River, between the Aug. 21,1918 Do. and New York Central R. city of Detroit and village R. Co., jointly. of River Rouge, Mich. State Road Department of Blackwater River, at Milton, ..... do...... To replace bridge de- Florida. Fla. stroyed by storm, Sept. 28, 1917. Sunflower County, Miss..... Big Sunflower River, at Lehr- Aug. 22,1918 Reconstruction. ton, Miss. W. D. McAdoo, St. Peters- Boca Ceiga Bay, near Davista, ..... do....... burg, Fla. Fla. Pocahontas Fuel Co. (Inc.).. Guyandot River about 24 Aug. 31,1918 Footbridge. milesbelow Mullens, W. Va. Anne Arundel County, Md.. South River, at Riverview, Sept. 10,1918 Md. 1 As amended by act approved Mar. 1, 1919. 125851-ENG 1919- 125 1984 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. (B) BRIDGES AUTHORIZED BY STATE LAws-continued. Applicant. Plans Remarks. Waterway and location. approved. i i Burlington County, N. J.... Lovelands Thorofare, 2j miles Sept. 16,1918 Temporary fixed trestle south of New Gretna, N. J. bridge. Do..................... Crammers Creek, 2j miles Sept. 19, 1918 Reconstruction. south of New Gretna, N. J. Warren Spruce Co.... .... Depoe Slough, Oreg., J mile Sept. 27,1918 3-pile trestle bridges. from mouth. Lamb-Fish Lumber Co...... Tallahatchie River, 7j miles Oct. 15,1918 west of Charleston Miss. Grand Trunk Lines in New Back Cove, Portland Harbor, Oct. 22,1918 Reconstruction. England. Me. Solano County, Calif........ Hill Slough, 1 miles southeast .. .. do... of Suisun City, Calif. Pennsylvania R. R. Co...... Crum River, near Eddystone, Oct. 23,1918 Do. Pa, I Clinchfield Coal Corporation. McClure Rivet, about 10 miles Oct. 24,1018 below Clintwood, Va. Stearns Coal Lumher_Co. Cumberland- River, South Oct. 26,1918 (Inc.). Fork, at Worley, Ky. Emergency Fleet Railway Newton Creek, between Cam- Oct. 30,1918 Co. of New Jersey. den and Gloucester, N. J. Califforni--tate Highway Eureka Slough, near Eureka, Oct. 31,1918 Commission. Calif. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. Co.. Licking River between Cov- Nov. 5,1918 Do. ington and Newport, Ky. NumAuooin,Bourg,_La Terrebonne Bayou, near Nov. 15,1918 Do. Bourg, La. Norfolk Southern R. R. Co.. Newport River Channel, be- Nov. 16,1918 Reconstructionlof draw tween Morehead City and span. Beaufort, N. C. Portland Railway, Light: Oregon Slough, near Portland, Dec. 6,1918 Reconstruction. Power Co. Oreg. New York, New Haven & Wareham River, at Wareham, Dec. 23,1918 Do. Hartford R. R. Co. Mass. Boston & Maine R. R Co.. . North River Canal, at Salem, Dec. 31,1918 Do. Mass. City of Chicago, Ill...... West Fork of South Branch of Jan. 3,1919 To replace an existing Chicago River, at South bridge. Lawndale Avenue, Chicago. Monroe County, Fla...... Channel between Key West Jan. 18,1919 Island and Stock Island, Fla. United States Spruce Pro- Alsea Bay, near Waldport, Jan. 29,1919 duction Corporation. Oreg. Citrus and Levy Counties, Withlacoochee River, at In- Feb. 13,1919 Fla. gi s, Fla. Citrus and Sumter Counties, Withlacoochee River, at Rut- ..... do..... Fla. land Ferry, Fla. Bolivar County, 3liss .... . Bid Sunflower River, near Feb. 15,1919 Tilmot Ferry, Miss. Philadelphia & Reading Ry. Crum River, near Eddystone, ..... do...... Reconstruction. Co. Pa. Fairview Realty Co..... Newton Creek(NorthBranch), Feb. 19,1919 at Ninth Street, Camden, N. J. State Highway Commission Housatonic River, between Feb. 20,1919 To replace an existing of Connecticut. Stratford and Milford, Conn. bridge. Bolivar County, Miss........ Big Sunflower River, near Mar. 8,1919 Smith Ferry, Miss. Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co. Allegheny River, at Thirty- Mar. 10,1919 In lieu of plans approved (Pittsburgh Junction R. R. third Street,Pittsburgh, Pa. Sept. 30,1915. Co.). King County, Wash......... Green River, near Auburn.... Mar. 14,1919 Reconstruction. Atlantic Coast Line R. R. Co. Towne Creek, near Charleston, Mar. 19,1919 Do. S. C. Do..................... Vardell Creek, near Charles- do....... Do. -... ton, S. C. Conway and Yell Counties, Petit Jean River, near Pon- Mar. 21,1919 Ark. toon, Ark. City of Oshkosh, Wis........ Fox River, between Jackson Mar. 28,1919 Do. and Oregon Streets, Osh- kosh, Wis. Wahkiakum County, Wash. Birnie Slough, on Puget Island, Mar. 29,1919 Columbia River, Wash. United States Railroad Ad- Passaic River, near Newark, Mar. 31,1919 In lieu of plans approved ministration, on behalf of N. J. Apr. 17, 1916. Erie R. R. Co.. lessee of Ne ark & Hudson R. R.. Co. BRIDGING NAVIGABLE WATERS OF U. S. 1985 (B) BRIDGES AUTHORIZED BY STATE LAWS-continued. Applicant. Plans Remarks. Waterway and location. approved. I Northwestern Pacific R. R. Sonoma Creek, at Wingo. Apr. 3,1919 To replace an existing Co., and United States Calif. bridge. Railroad Administration. Dayton-Goose Creek Ry. Co.. Goose Creek, near the town of Apr. 4. 1919 Goose Creek. Tex. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. Co., Guyandot River, W. Va.. 20.3 Apr. 5,1919 Reconstruction. successor to Guyandot Val- miles above mouth of the ley Ry. Co. river. Do................. Guyandot River, W. Va., 14.5 Apr. 7,1919 Do. miles above mouth of the river. State Highway Commission Crafts Creek, in Florence and Apr. 15, 1919 To replace an existing of Ne v Jersey. Mansfield To-rnships, N. J. bridge. City of Menasha, Wis........ North Branch of Fox River, Apr. 18,1919 Do. at Washington Street, Menasha Wis. Edgecombe and Halifax Fishing Creek, 21 miles from Apr. 23,1919 Do Counties. N. C. Enfield, N. C. Le vis & Clark Ry. Co_...... Johnson Slough, about 4 miles May 3,1919 from Warrenton, Oreg. Laurens County, Ga......... Oconee River, at Dublin, Ga.. May 5,1919 City of Manito voc, Wis......Manito voc River, at Main May 16,1919 Reconstruction. Street. Manitowoc. Wis. Richland Parish. La........ Boeuf River, 1 miles above May 21,1919 Alto, La. Ne v IHaven. Conn............ West River between New do...... ..... To replace an existing Haven and Orange, Conn. bridge. International Harvester Co., Chicago River. West Fork of May 26,1919 of Chicago, 111. South Branch, at Leavitt Street, produced. Miami Ocean Vie.v Co., of Biscayne Bav, from the cause- May 27,1919 In lieu of plans approved Miami Beach, Fla. way to an island constructed Nov. 8. 1917. by applicant. Edgecombe and Halifax Fishing Creek, 10 miles from May 29,1919 Counties, N. C. Enfield, N. C. Bellgrade Lumber Co., of Steele Bayou, 3 miles from June 4,1919 Memphis. Tenn. Cary, Miss. Sanitary and Drainage Com- Edisto River, between Pon- do..... ..... miJsion of Charleston pon and Jacksonboro, S. C. County, S. C. Pender County, N. C........ Black River, about 4 miles June 5,1919 northwest of Currie. N. C. at Long View Landing, N. G. Folly Island Co.. of Charles- Folly River, near Charleston, June 14,1919 ton, S. C. S.C. Wayne Highway Commis- Neuse River, 21 miles from June 16,1919 sion, Wayne County, N. C. Goldsboro, N. C. Director General of Rail- Merrimack River, at Haver- June 17,1919 Reconstruction. roads, operating the Bos- hill. Mass. ton & Maine R. R. Felix O. Rustand, of East Morris Creek, between New June 18,1919' Haven, Conn. Haven and East Haven, Conn. Folly Island Co., of Charles- Folly Creek, S. C., about 3z .....do-.. ton, S. C. miles above mouth of creek. Burlington County, N. J.... Wading River, at the town June 19,1919 Do. of Wading River, N. J. City of Manitowoc. Wis...... Manito ;roc River, at T wenty- June 21,1919 first Street, Manitowoc, Wis. BRIDGES OBSTRUCTING NAVIGATION. Whenever the Secretary of War has good reason to believe that a bridge is an unreasonable obstruction to the free navigation of navi- gable waterways of the United States, section 18 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, makes it his duty to give notice to the persons or corporations owning or controlling the structure to alter it so as to render navigation through or under it reasonably free, easy, and unobstructed, first giving the parties reasonable op- portunity to be heard. Under the provisions of that law notices 1986 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. specifying necessary changes and a reasonable time for making them were issued during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919, requiring the alteration of the bridges described in the following list: Notice served. Waterway and location. Date of notice. mpted. o--e On- Date. Salmon Bay, Seattle, Wash., Aug. 15,1918 Puget Sound Traction, Sept. 3,1918 2 months from upon Government right of Light & Power Co., date of service. way for the Puget Sound & successor to the Se- Lake Washington Canal. attle Electric Co. Government right. of way for ..... do........ City of Seattle, Wash. ..... do....... Do. Puget Sound & Lake Wash- ington Canal, Thirteenth Avenue, Seattle, Wash. Allegheny River,at Thirtieth Mar. 10,1919 CountyCommissioners Apr. 2,1919 5 years from date Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. of Allegheny County,, of service. Pa. Allegheny River, between ..... do.........do.............. do....... 2 years from date Forty-third Street, Pitts- of service. burgh, Pa., and the borough of Millvale, Pa. Allegheny River, at Sandusky ..... do. ...... ..... do_............. ..... do....... 3 years from date (Seventh) Street,Pittsburgh, of service. Pa. Allegheny River, at Anderson ..... dodo..............do................ . ... Do. (Ninth)Street,fittsburgh,Pa. Allegheny River at Federal .... do.........do ..................... do....... 4 years from date (Sixth) Street, pittsburgh, Pa. of service. STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES IN-THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES. Section 9 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, requires that plans of dams, dikes, or causeways shall be approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War before the work of construction is commenced. Section 10 of the same act prohibits the creation of any obstruc- tion not affirmatively authorized by Congress to the navigable ca- pacity of any of the waters of the United States and empowers the Secretary of War to authorize private structures or work in such waters when the plans are recommended by the Chief of Engineers prior to the commencement of the work. The law is of great value, since it restrains private operations undertaken with laudable purpose and innocent intent which, if not regulated and supervised by Federal agencies, might endanger life and property and detract from the benefit to be obtained by the public from the free use of the navigable waters of the United States. On the other hand, it places in the hands of the officials in charge of the improvement of Federal waterways a power of control which makes it possible to coordinate private enterprise and public works so far as circumstances allow. The administration of the law requires a large amount of work, both in the department and in the district engineer offices. Each application necessitates an investigation of the locality, a study of the plans, and, in case of favorable action, the drafting of a permit embodying conditions suitable to the particular case and sufficient to protect navigation and other public interests, and, finally, a super- vislion of the work to see that the terms of the permit are observed. STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES. 1987 In addition, complaints against existing or proposed structures or operations in navigable waters are of frequent occurrence. The time and expense required, both in the department and the local offices, to adjust and dispose qf such matters are, with rare exceptions, con- siderable. The cost of such work is, in accordance with the provisions of sec- tion 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, paid from any funds available for the improvement, maintenance, and operation or care of the waterway or harbor affected, or, if such funds are not available, then from any funds available for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. Many structures are placed in the open ocean or in other waters for the improvement of which no appropriations are available. A large part of the cost of administration therefore falls upon the general appropriation for examinations, surveys, and contingencies. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919, it was found necessary to allot for such expenses from appropriations for the waterways affected and from the general appropriation about $60,000. Of this amount the sum of $25,000 was for expenses connected with the authorization and regulation of fishing structures, the most costly class with which the department has to deal under this law. The reason for the high cost of regulating that class of works is found in the special circumstances of the industry. The invested capital is very large, and, on account of the necessity and importance of utilizing the best fishing grounds so far as practicable, the pounds are frequently placed on shoal areas at sea or in great numbers along the coasts and interior waters, often infringing to some extent upon the routes of navigation. Expensive hearings are therefore occasion- ally necessary to assist in adjusting the conflicting requirements of navigation and fishermen. Furthermore, ocean fish pounis are essen- tially substantial structures, usually built of long and heavy piles, firmly planted and well guyed and braced; and even when well maintained and adequately lighted they constitute obstructions to free navigation. If abandoned or improperly maintained they be- come a serious menace, both on account of their invisibility at night and because the poles are frequently broken off beneath the water surface, leaving dangerous obstructions, which give the mariner no warning of their presence. Vigilant supervision along many miles of coast and interior waters is therefore necessary, and its cost is great. On two occasions in recent years the general appropriation has been found insufficient for these administration expenses. The ina- bility of the department to perform its offices under the law would be a serious detriment to private individuals, who often defer their requests for authority until capital is in hand and machinery on the ground, and then press for immediate action. It therefore appears that the next appropriation item for examinations, surveys, and con- tingencies of rivers and harbors should include not less than $50,000 to permit adequate administration of these laws. 1988 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1919. (A) DAMS AUTHORIZED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1919. Applicant. Waterway and location. Plans ap- Remarks. proved. San Jacinto Rice Co., Elena, San Jacinto River, Tex .... July 5,1918 Temporary structure, to be Tex. removed by Jan. 1, 1919, unless permit is ex- tended. Replaces pre- vious permit dated Mar. 18, 1918. Robert S. Fogg, Richard Wad- Fenwick Creek, N. J........ July 24,1918 Temporary dam. on, DStewart Craven, et al. Frank F. Herrick, Eureka, Eureka Slough and branch Sept. 14,1918 Calif. sloughs, Humboldt Bay, Calif. Commissioners of P ub li c Ashley River, at Bacons Sept. 18,1918 Works, Charleston, S. C. Bridge, S. C. Pacific Diking Co............ Stark Slough, Wahkiakum June 14,1919 County, Wash. Imperial Irrigation District of Colorado River'at Hanlons June 16,1919 Permit to repair and re- El Centro, Calif. Heading, Calif. build temporary diver- sion dam constructed under authority of War Department permit dated Feb. 14, 1917, and to maintain dam until July 1, 1920. Whatcom County, Wash...... Nooksack River,near mouth. June 23,1919 Closing old channel. (B) OTHER STRUCTURES AND OPERATIONS AUTHORIZED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1919. Action was taken on about 2,000 applications for permits for various classes of structures and operations, including jetties, wharves, bulk- heads, solid filling and other reclamation works, shore protection, pipe lines and water intakes, telegraph and telephone wires and cables, log booms, fish traps and pounds, dredging for sand and gravel, dredging for channel improvement, etc. ESTABLISHMENT OF HARBOR LINES. Under authority given to the Secretary of War in section 11 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, harbor lines were established or modified during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919, at the following localities: Locality. Action. Date of approval. Raritan River, N. J........... Crab Island to New Brunswick, N. J. Modification July 31,1918 and new maps. Gravesend Bay, N. Y........... Fort Hamilton to west end of Coney Island. Modifi- Do. cation and new map. San Diego Bay, Calif.............. San Dieco Harbor. Modification and extension...... Aug. 5,1918 Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii....... Establishment........... ................ Sept. 9,1918 Flushing River, N. Y............ Mouth to Sixty-ninth Avenue, Brooklyn. Modifica- Oct. 29,1918 tion and new maps. Jamaica Bay, N. Y............. Between East Twenty-third Street and Flatbush Do. Avenue, Brooklyn. Modification and new maps. Columbia River.................. Mouth of Lewis and Clark River to Tansy Point. Oct. 30,1918 Modification. Monongahela River, Pa......... Pittsburgh Harbor. Modification... ... .......... Nov. 12, 1918 East River, N. Y......... .... Flushing Bay and Bowery Bay, L. 1 Modification Do. and new maps. Newport Harbor, R. I ............ Change of reference monument ........................ Dec. 20,1918 Gowanus Bay, N. Y............. Head of bay to Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn. Addition Jah. 31,1919 of notes regarding solid fills. Cape Fear River N. C.......... Wilmington Harbor. Modiication .............. Feb. 5,1919 East River, N. Y ................. Between East Twent y-ninth and East Thirty-third Do. Streets. Modification. Newark Bay, N. J............. Elizabethport to Lehigh Valley R. R. bridge. Modi- Feb. 7,1919 fication. East River, N. Y................ Near Montgomery Street, Manhattan. Change of Apr. 9,1919 reference data. Arthur Kill, N. Y................ Chance in name of small island................. Apr. 30,1919 Potomac River, D. C ........... Washington Harbor. Modification and new maps.... May 17,1919 Arthur Kill, N. Y. and N. J....... Near northern end. Change of reference data......... June 27,1919 BREMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS. 1989 REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS OR CRAFT OBSTRUCTING OR ENDAN- GERING NAVIGATION. Sections 19 and 20 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, authorize the Secretary of War to remove any sunken vessel, boat, water craft, raft, or other similar obstruction, obstructing or endangering navigation in the navigable waters of the United States. By order of the Secretary of War, dated January 20, 1905, the district engineers, Engineer Department at large, are charged with local responsibility for such work as agents of the Secretary of War. Under a plan approved by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury in March, 1913, provision is made for cooperation of the Coast Guard with district engineers in the execution of that duty. The operations during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919, were as follows: Wrecks removed or investigated. Name. Class. Tonnage. Locality. Cost of Remarks. work. NEWPORT, R. I., DISTRICT. Yankee........... Transport..... 6,225...... Buzzards Bay, Mass.... $11,890.00 Work temporarily discontinued. Sarah and Lucy.. Schooner...... 252........ Nantucket Harbor, 1,700.00 Written proposal. Mass., entrance to jetty channel. Phebe........ Gasoline 25......... Nantucket Harbor, 500.00 Do. launch. Mass. Landsford ....... Barge... .... 830. ... Atlantic Ocean, off Or- 52.88 Wreck not re- leans, Mass. moved; expense for maintenance of buoys. Liberty ........... .... do... Unknown. Atlantic Ocean, south 19.98 Do. of Hen and Chickens Light Vessel. NEW LONDON, CONN., DISTRICT. t George Hudson... Steamer...... 108....... Catumb Rocks, eas ern 4,591.15 Written proposal; entrance to Fishers removed in sec- Island Sound. tions by lighter and divers. U. S. S. Mary ..... do........ 122....... Off Penfield Reef at 3,750.00 Written proposal; Alice. entrance to Bridge- work not com- port Harbor, Conn. menced July 1, 1919. NEW YORK, FIRST DISTRICT. Hogenkamp...... Brick barge... Unknown. Hudson River, off Stony 1,200.00 Contract. Point, N. Y. Unknown........ Unknown........do...... East River near Man- 2,200.00 Informal proposal. hattan Bridge. Bird De Long.... Canal boat.... 101........ Hudson River at One 525.00 Do. hundred and fifty- eighth Street, New York City. Unknown ........ Deck scow....; Unknown. East River at N o r t h 525.00 Do. Brother Island. J. H. Rutter...... Schooner barge 1,224...... Hudson River off Pier 8, 000.00 Contract. 19, Manhattan. A. T. S. Barge Barge......... 1,500......E Narrows, New York 42,000.00 Emergency c o n - No. 7. Harbor. tract. Edwin R. Kirk... Schooner...... 264........ Red Hook Channel, Up- 3,000.00 Do. per Bay, New York Harbor. Unknown....... Scow.......... Unknown. Hudson River north of 413.39 United States Spuyten Duyvil, N.Y. plant. Maggie Perry .... Coal boat........do....... New York Harbor, Bay 3,100.00 Emergency c on - Ridge Channel, off tract. Thirtieth Street Pier, Brooklyn. John W. Weber. . .... do........ 346...... Red Hook Channel New 2,500.00 Do. York Harbor, off Pier 40, Brooklyn. 1990 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Wrecks removed or investigated-Continued. Tonnage. Locality. Cost of Remarks. work. NEW YORK, FIRST DIS- TRICT-continued. Hell Gate, East River, 107........ $240.00 United States N. Y. plant; all ob- structions re - moved; hull in 60 feet of water, not removed. Columbia........ Unknown. Upper Bay, New York Canal boat.... 1,835.40 United S t a t e s Harbor. plant. Senekes........... Steamer....... 26......... Great South Bay, off of 300.00 Informal proposal. Muncie Island. Gen. S. Moffitt... Canal boat.... 101........ Upper Bay, New York 110.25 United States Hatbor at Thirty-sev- plant. enth Street, Brooklyn. Swan..................do......... Unknown. Hudson River, Pier 38, 205.30 Do. Manhattan. Unknown ....... Lumber barge ... do....... Upper Bay, New York 85.28 Do. York Harbor, near Governors Island. NEW YORK, SECOND DIS- TRICT. George Chambers. Canal boat.... 128....... Raritan Bay, near Great Beds Light. 2,970.92 Contract. Martin Mulqueen. ..... do........ Unknown. ..... do..... ......... Harry............ Barge........ do.......Upper New York Bay, ... 1,894.74 Do. off Bedloes Island. Newark-....... do....... ...do...... Arthur Kill off City ..... 1,824.30 Do. Dock at Rossville, S. I., N.Y. do........ ...do...... ..... do................. F. A. Bassler..... ..... 2,584.09 Do. Daniel O'Connell. Deck scow.... ...do...... Raritan Bay, off Wards 1, 719.86 Do. Point, S. I., N. Y. Arthur.......... Barge........ ...do...... do............. .... 3;197..47 Do. WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. Dendron..........I T'%-- I- -i - I-1 Coal barge......l Ienn 92......... I I Atlantic Shoal Island. cean, ou fnSip 19.45 Destroyed and re- moved by U. S. S. Bache. Hampshire....... do........ 830........Atlantic Ocean, off 5- ..... 33.43 Destroyed and Fathom Bank Light- scattered by nat- ship. ural elements. Unknown ...... Mudded hull.. Unknown. In Maurice River, N. J... 521.23 Destroyed by use of explosives hired labor, and hired boats. Georgia........... Coal barge..... 1,318.... Atlantic Ocean, off Assa- 916.86 Do. teague Light. Hattie B ......... Schooner...... 11..... Mouth of Murderkill 671.53 Do. River, Del. Hermod.......... Steamship .... 2,995..... Atlantic Ocean, on Win- 5,825.00 Do. ter Quarter Shoal. Water Lilly...... Schooner...... 12....... Maurice River, at Lees- 379.69 Do. burg, N. J. Sumner........ Quartermaster 3,458.... Atlantic Ocean, in Bar- 6, 817.87 Do. transport negat Inlet. S.S. Almirante ........ Steamship.... 5,010.....Atlantic Ocean, off Ab- 6,440.28 Do. secon Light. San Saba ........ do........ 2,458.... ..... Atlantic Ocean, off Bar- 1.575.00 Do. negat Light. BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT. Unknown........ Scow.......... 400......Elk River, Md......... 785.43 Emergency con- tract. Anglemore........ Barge......... 67..... Tar Bay, Md........ 596.95 Do. Carl W. Keach... Schooner...... 21...... Annapolis Harbor, Md.. 508.20 Do. E. & S. Mayhew.. .....do........ 37......... Jacksons Creek, Md..... 503.46 Do. WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT. Tangier........... Barge......... 433........ Ofi mouth of the York 3,269.70 Removed under River, Va. contract. Cherubim........ Schooner...... 98........ Chesapeake Bay, about 492.50 Removed by U. S. three-fourths mile tug Castle. above Wolf Trap Lighthouse. Melia & Bee...... Sloop... ..... 6......... Right edge of Virginia 54.00 Removed by U. S. Channel, Potomac derrick boat At- River, opposite point las, at owner's of Potomac Park. expense. REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS. 1991 Wrecks removed or investigated-Continued. Cost of Remarks. Name. Class. Tonnage. Locality. work. WASHINGTON, D. C., DIS- TRICT-continued. Jack .............. Lighter....... Unknown. Right edge of channel, $495.00 Removed by der- Potomac River, oppo- rick boat Atlas. site point of Potomac Park. NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT. Unknown....... Dredge........... do....... Appomattox River, Va. 1,067.20. Emergency con- tract; removed by blasting. No. 37............. Scow............ do..... Hampton Roads, Va.... 3,006.40 Do. No. 7............ Dredge........ 500........ Norfolk Harbor, Va., in 6,942.82 Government plant 40-foot channel. and hired labor. CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT. Unknown...... Probably a- Unknown. Church Flats, Stono 417.29 Removed by Gov- lighter or River, S. C. ernment snag barge. boat and hired JACKSONVILLE, FLA., labor. DISTRICT. Ellen M. Adams.. Schooner......90......... Anclote Anchorage near 497.73 mouth of Anclote River, Fla. ° MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT. Conrad N. Bu- Steamer...-... Unknown. Flint River, Ga., above 192.57 Removed by U. S. chanan. Bainbridge. snag boat Flint. Amelia Gloria.... Schooner...... 59......... Pensacola Bay, Fla., 644.22 Removed by U. S. close to wharf of E. E. snag boat Choc- Saunders & Co. tawhatchee. MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT. Chipman ......... Barge......... Unknown. Mobile Bay, near Fort 250.00 Wreck blasted Morgan, Ala. with dynamite and wreckage re- moved. Unknown....... .....do......... ... do..... East side of Gulfport 500.00 Do. Harbor, Miss. do...... -..do.... Harry K. Morse.. ..... Lower Mobile Bay, Ala. 499.76 Wreck partially re- moved by blast- ing; further operations neces- NEW ORLEANS, LA., DIS- sary. TRICT. Lady of Joy...... Gasoline 14........ Bayou Terrebonne, near 250.00 Hull was dyna- launch. Houma, La. mited; work done ST. LOUIS, MO., DISTRICT. by hired labor. Unknown........ Wood barge... Mississippi River, foot 200........ of Chestnut Street, St. Louis, Mo. Alonzo C. Church. Ferryboat..... 332........ Mississippi River, foot of Olive Street, St. Louis, Mo. Dick Clyde...... Towboat and 76.....- Mississippi River, Chou- freight. teau Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Removed by Unknown........ Decked barge. 100 .. ....do ........ Do.......... Unknown...... 100....... Mississippi River, at United States West Horsetail, Mo. snag boats as a Do............ Wood barge... 200....... Mississippi River, below part of regular West Horsetail, Mo. work of clearing Saint Louis...... Passenger and 374..-.... Mississippi River, near channel of ob- freight Sulphur Springs, Mo. structions. Im- packet. practicable to Unknown-....... Railroad trans- 600....... Mississippi River, Cairo, give cost removal fer barge. Ill. of each wreck. Do.......... Coal barge..... 1,000..... Mississippi River, Mem- phis, Tenn. Do........... Floating dock. 200....... Mississippi River, near Four-mile Bayou. Do.......... Wood barge... 80........ Mississippi River, above Greenville, Miss. Do............ Sand digger... 165.... Mississippi River, below Greenville, Miss. 1992 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Wrecks removed or investigated-Continued. I I r Cost of Name. Class. Tonnage. Locality. work. Remarks. CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. No. 9............ Derrick boat.. 200........ Tennessee River, at $826.07 Derrick boat and Johnsonville, Tenn. orange peel bucket. WHEELING, W. VA., DIS- TRICT. Unknown........ Barge......... Unknown. Kanawha River, Lock 84.10 Removed by U. S. No. 3. derrick boat Cap- tain Turtle. CINCINNATI, OHIO, FIRST DISTRICT. OHIO RIVER Unknown. ...... Derrick boat.. Unknown. Dam No. 29, Ohio River. 72.90 Do.......... Coal barge..... .. do..... Ironton, Ohio......... 51.46 Do................do......... ... do..... C. & O. R. R. bridge, 47.23 north division. Do........... ....do......... ...do.......Government Light 308.. 85.77 Do........... ..... do......... ...do-......Foot Nine-Mile Bar..... 25.73 CCC-168.......... ... .do,,... .do.--- do...... Government Light 258.. 162.96 RC-12772......... ..... do......... ... do....... Government Light 237.. 21.44 Ralph Mac....... Oil - burning Chute Fulton Bar....... 167.25 boat. Unknown ....... Coal barge.... ... do....... Whetstone Coal Co...... 154.31 Do........... .... do.... ... do....... Foot Nine-Mile Bar... 90.58 Do. ..........Steamboat ... do...... Government light 144... 385.97 hull.. Do........... Derrick boat ... do....... Head Pryors Island..... 295.90 hull. CCC-301......... Coal barge.... .. do....... Mound City, Ill......... 17.15 Unknown........ ..... do....-.... ... do....... Foot Livingstone Point. 34.30 Lewis, R. W.... Oil - burning ... do...... ..... do................... 98.64 boat. Gray Eagle....... Steamboat.... ... do... .. Head Little Chain...... 4,991.81 Alto........... ..... do........ ..do...... Livingstone Pcint...... 5,553.60 Rapids.......... ..... do........... do...... Brookport, Ill........ 3,542.30 Unknown........ Coal barge.... do.... ..... do............. 77.19 Peoria........... Steamboat ..do... ..... do................... 7,397.66 hull. Unknown........ Coal barge..... .. do..... Mile above Paducah..... 102.92 Do...-..... ..... do........ .do...... Head Owens Island .... 72.90 Do. .............. do......... West Kentucky Coal 25. 73 Removed by ... do..... Fleet. United States Do......... ..... do......... Brookport, 111......... 231.58 snag boats in Condor......... Steamboat.... ... do...... Joppa, Ill............... 527.49 connection with Unknown ..... _.. Transfer barge ... do.. ..... do................. 158.67 usual work of Do........ Sand barge.... .. do...--.. Foot Slim Island....... 132.95 clearing chan- CCC-V....... Coal barge.... ... do...... Ownesboro, Ky-.... 1,273.68 nels. Hattie Brown .... Oil - burning ... do...... Government Light 263.. 518.91 boat. Hickey U ........ Fuel flaf ...... ...do...... ... do.................. 214.43 Unknown-..... Coal barge.... Hanging Rock, Ohio.... 103.32 Do........... ....do.... ... do....-- Sciotoville, Ohio........ 327.18 Do.......... ..... do...........do... ..... do.................. 51.66 Do........... ..... do....... ..do..... Mouth Big Kanawha 126.28 River. Do............do......... .. do..... Below ice plant, Kana- 51.66 wha River. Do............. ... do......... d..do... Sand Creek Bar......... 137.76 Steamer Ruth.... Steamboat ..... do.... Putney Bend, Ohio 275.52 River. Unknown........ Gasoline boat. .. do...... Brothers Island, Ohio 77.49 River. Do ........... Coal barge ... .. do...... Carpenter Bar, Ohio 111.93 River. Do........... Sand flat...... ... do..... Syracuse, Ohio.......... 6. 88 Do......... Coal barge.... ... do...... Dam 28, Ohio River... 236.64 Do. ........ Sand flat....... do.... Burlington Bar, Ohio 137. 76 River. C. C. C. Co........ Coal barge..... ... do... Oneonta, Ky........... 137.76 Unknown...... Wharfboat... ..do.... Moundsville, W. Va.... 152. 11 Do........... Coalbarge..... .. do..... Dayton Bar, Cincinnati, 43.05 Ohio. Do........... .... do......... .. do..... Manchester Island....... 206.64 Do.......... Coal barges.... .. do.... Ashland,. Ky......... 103.32 Do.......... Wharfboat.... ... do.... Wheeling, W. Va........ 731.85 Do......... Flatboat...... ..do..... Quincy, Ky........ 68. 88 Steamer Ada V... Steamboat.... ...do...... Ripley, Ohio........ 68.88 ESTIMATES MVISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS. 1993 Wrecks removed or i ivestigated-Continued. Name. Class. Tonnage. Locality. Cost of Remarks. work. MILWAUKEE, WIS., DIS- TRICT. City of Traverse.. Steamer....... Mary Ludwig...... Schooner. 1,153...... 68..... St. Joseph Harbor, Mich. . .... do.................. $760.00 {Hired labor and Go vernment Rose Bud....... .... do... 44............do................... plant. CIIICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. Chicago River, North C. W. Moore...... Steamer....... 353........ 2, 547.47 Written proposal Branch Canal near Di- and acceptance. vision Street. DETROIT, MICH., DIS- TRICT. Unknown_........ Scow........... Unknown. Rouge River, Mich., 500.00 Emergency con- north of Fort Street tract. Bridge. Pastime .Steam v ht i 49......... Cheboygan River, at 500.00 Do. Cheboygan, Mich. Geo. H. Van Steamer..... Unknown. Ecorse Channel of De-. 2, 256.84 Informal bids. Vleck. troit River. BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. Tempest..........I.....do......... 341....... Erie Harbor., Pa., en- 4, 192. 87 1Under contract. trance channel. PORTLAND, OREG., SEC- OND DISTRICT. Admiral.......... Schooner...... 683....... Mouth of Columbia 260.00 Destroyed by River. blasting with aid of Coast Guard. __ ___ ESTIMATES MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS. The following estimates are submitted for miscellaneous civil works for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: Prevention of deposits, Harbor of New York.......................... $122, 985 Survey of northern and northwestern lakes....... ............ 170, 000 Construction and maintenance of military and post roads, bridges, and trails, Alaska.......................................... 422, 200 Bridge across Potomac River at Georgetown, D. C ..................... 500, 000 Buildings and grounds in and around Washington: Improvement and care of public grounds, District of Columbia...... 1, 014, 550 Improvement and care of public grounds.... ................... ...... 15, 900 Repairs, fuel, etc., Executive Mansion.............. ........ .... 76, 000 Lighting, etc., Executive Mansion, etc.................. ........ .. . 8, 600 Lighting public grounds, District of Columbia..................... 42, 500 Telegraph to connect the Capitol with the departments and Govern- ment Printing Office............................................ 500 Care and maintenance of Washington Monument..................... 15, 820 Repairs to building where Abraham Lincoln died ................... 200 Improvements, birthplace of Washington, Wakefield, Va....... ...... 100 Reflecting Pool, West Potomac Park...... .............. 200, 000 Care and maintenance of Lincoln Memorial. ................. ... ... 6, 680 Salaries of employees, public buildings and grounds. ................ . 111, 080 Contingent expenses, public buildings and grounds....................... 10, 748 A portion of the expenditures for salaries of employees and contingent expenses, public buildings and grounds, is paid from the revenues of the District of Columbia; those for the bridge across the Potomac River at Georgetown, D. C.; improvement and care of public grounds, District of Columbia; and lighting public grounds, District of Columbia, are paid equally from Federal and District funds. 1994 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The following estimates for works in or pertaining to the District of Colum- bia, and paid for equally from Federal and District funds, will be recom- mended to the District commissioners for submission to Congress by them: Washington Aqueduct, District of Columbia ...................... $243, 000 Maintenance of Highway Bridge across Potomac River, District of Columbia ....................................... 31,360 Reclamation of Anacostia River Flats, District of Columbia.......... 300, 000 Increasing water supply of the District of Columbia................. 2, 600, 000 Total amount of estimates for funds to be expended for miscellane- ous civil works under the direction of the Chief of Engineers.... 5, 892, 223 SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. Geographiclimits.-The tidal waters of the harbor and its adjacent and tributary waters and those of Long Island Sound. Supervisor.-Commodore James T. Smith, United States Navy, retired, to February 15, 1919; Capt. Roy C. Smith, United States Navy, to June 30, 1919. Under the provisions of section 5 of the act of June 29, 1888 (25 Stats., 210), a line officer of the Navy is designated to discharge, under the direction of the Secretary of War, the duties created by the act. On May 23, 1889, the Secretary of War directed that all communica- tions in connection with these duties be addressed to him through the office of the Chief of Engineers, and on February 1, 1890, he further directed that the powers conferred upon him by the act be exercised through the Chief of Engineers. LIST OF WORKS AND DUTIES. Page. Page. Notices-__-- . 1996 Floating plant----------------- 2000 Dumping grounds.-------------- 1996 Office-------------------- __ - . 2001 Patrol _ 998 Reporting violations of law_ .. 1... 2002 Checking ---------------------- 1999 FOR SUPERVISOR'S REPORT, GIVIrNG ADDITIONAL DETAILS, SEE PAGES 3783 TO 3T95. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. Tidal waters of Long Island Sound and Fishers Island Sound, see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 51, 52, and 1108. Tidal waters of New York Harbor and tributary waters, Newark Bay, Staten Island Sound, etc., see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 52, 369, and 1108; and Hudson River to Troy, see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 281-284 and 369. ORIGINAL CONDITION. Prior to the enactment of the law of June 29, 1888, authorizing the supervision of dumping operations, New York Harbor suffered exten- sive deterioration by the indiscriminate dumping of dredgings, garbage, ashes, and cinders from steam vessels, and other waste mat- ter, in every part of the harbor and the waters connected with it. As a result it was found necessary, in numerous instances, to dredge and remove, at considerable expense to the United States, waste material dumped in important channels. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 1995 PREVIOUS PROJECTS. Supervision of the harbor was authorized and the office of super- visor was created by act of Congress approved June 29, 1888, entitled "An act to prevent obstructive and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City, by dumping or other- wise, and to punish and prevent such offenses " (25 Stats., 209). Additional powers and duties were conferred on the supervisor by section 2 of the act of August 18, 1894 (28 Stats., 360), entitled "An act making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preserva- tion of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other pur- poses," which section prescribes that it shall be unlawful to engage in fishing or dredging for shellfish in any of the channels leading to or from the harbor of New York, or to interfere in any way with the safe navigation of such channels by ocean steamships and ships of deep draft. The functions and powers of the supervisor were further extended by amendments as follows to the act of June 29, 1888: Section 3 of the act of August 18, 1894 (28 Stats., 360), confers power to arrest and take into custody any persons violating the law in the presence of the supervisor or his inspectors; to arrest witnesses to unlawful dumping; to go on board any scows loaded with prohibited matter and accompany same to place of dumping when such action seems necessary; and to enter oil and gas works or other manufa'cturing works for the purpose of discovering the disposition made of sludge acid or other injurious material. Section 8 of the act of May 28, 1908 (35 Stats., 426), entitled "An act to amend the laws relating to navi- gation, and for other purposes," and the amendment to the latter act approved February 16, 1909 (35 Stats., 623), require the marking of scows or boats engaged in the transportation of dredgings, etc., with name or number; the providing of an equipment of life lines, life preservers and buoys, anchor and cable; and the keeping by the owner or master of a list, open to the inspection of all parties, of names of all men employed on such scows or boats. They also au- thorize the supervisor to adopt such measures and publish such regu- lations as are deemed best to carry out the intentions of the acts above stated and to regulate and operate the patrol fleet, to investigate all cases of violation, and to take such action thereon as may bestconserve the interests of the United States Government. The duties of the supervisor were further extended by order of the Secretary of War, October 17, 1917, published in War Department Bulletin No. 58, authorizing and directing the supervisor to use any public vessel in the service of the War Department and any inspector and deputy inspectors appointed by him and all means that he may be authorized to use under the act of June 29, 1888. creating his office, in enforcing regulations for a restricted area in the waters southeasterly from Sandy Hook, N. J., to permit the testing of war material without interruption from or damage to shipping. This order was amended June 10, 1919, by limiting the days of restriction to Tuesdays and Thursdays. As the existing project is a continuation of the methods of super- vision developed under the laws mentioned above, the total expendi- tures in connection with the work are given hereinafter under the heading " Financial summary." 1996* REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. EXISTING PROJECT. The laws on which the existing project is based are referred to in the preceding subdivision of this report. The general methods pur- sued are as follows: (A) NOTICES. Notices containing the law relating to the dumping of material in the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City are distributed from time to time, as necessity suggests, to various steamship com- panies, dredging contractors, and others engaged in handling ma- terial in the harbor. Such notices are also posted in public places. The attention of parties concerned is thus brought to the law and regulations1 .. (B) ESTABLISHMENT OF DUMPING GROUNDS. New York Harbor.-Dumping grounds near the mouth of New York Harbor have been designated from time to time, as described on pages 1636 and 1637 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1915. The present limits for dumping in that locality are as follows: For material mixed with stone, up to size commonly known as "one-man stones," not less than 3 nautical miles southeast of Scotland Lightship and in not less than 15 fathoms of water. For material containing stones of larger dimensions, commonly known as " derrick stone," and for material containing floatable mat- ter, at a point not less than 4 natuical miles southeast of Scotland Lightship, in not less than 17 fathoms of water. For poisonous material and explosives a temporary dumping ground has been established at 15 miles southeast of Scotland Light- ship. In all such cases certificates are required from the responsible persons in charge that the material has actually sunk. The operation as a rule is supervised by a deputy inspector. Soundings are frequently taken in the vicinity of the dumping grounds by the patrol vessels to insure that plenty of depth is main- tained. Material dredged from Jamaica Bay,.Red Hook, and other chan- nels by United States dredges operating under United States Army Engineer officers is deposited under their supervision. Ashes and rubbish from small craft plying the harbor.-Violations of law by the dumping of ashes and rubbish from craft plying the harbor are difficult to detect. The city authorities cooperate with the supervisor by the maintenance at locations, designated by him of deck scows for the special use of vessels wishing to discharge such material. As the scows are furnished to the city under contract at a daily rate, it is evident that the interests of the contractor are best served by the fewest removals and by retaining the scows on station even when fully loaded. This, of course, would defeat the object for which they are intended. The patrol vessels keep them under supervision in order that loaded scows may be promptly replaced by empty ones. The contractors furnishing these scows to the city having gone into the hands of a receiver, the city authorities, on March 2, 1918, under- took the work, but, owing to inability to obtain a sufficient number of scows, have only been able to maintain three scows in place of the SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 1997. eight formerly maintained. Towing vessels aid other small steam craft plying the harbor are therefore required to utilize for the dispo- sition of their ashes such scows as may be available at the city dumps along the water front. There has been no improvement in this respect in the past year, but with return to normal the conditions. may prove more satisfactory. If sufficient facilities are not furnished, the temptation to dispose of ashes from tugs and other craft by dumping overboard while un- der way is largely increased. This matter has been taken up with the city authorities with the view of effecting an increase in the num- ber of receiving scows. Owing to the limited force at the disposal of the supervisor during the past year, this part of the work could not be given the attention and frequent inspections which conditions de- manded. Floating debris and logs.-In all cases where wharves or docks are under construction or where the removal of old cribwork or piles is involved, the supervisor's office keeps as strict a supervision over the work as its facilities will allow, requiring all contractors engaged on such .work to remove such timbers to shore or to raft them. As they: are chiefly worthless foundation piles and crib logs, great dif- ficulty is experienced by the contractors in disposing of them. The deposit of such material at the mouth of the harbor is absolutely forbidden by the regulations prescribed by the supervisor. All of the patrol vessels have instructions to secure any logs or floating derelicts coming under their observation and to, tow them to some point out of the fairways. Difficulty is experienced in this practice, however, on account of the fact that the owners or lessees of water fronts decline to permit that such debris be tied to their docks or be pushed upon the flats in front of their property. Disposal of street sweepings.-The supervisor has persistently directed efforts toward securing the adoption of some more satisfac- tory method of disposing of street sweepings than by dumping them at sea. They consist of rubbish and light material, apt to bridge when the dumper doors are opened, and as it is then impracticable to wind the doors up tightly, more or less material escapes from the, dumpers on the way back to the harbor. Owing to the failure of the firm having the contract for the re- moval and final disposition of the waste material, the city authorities, secured their plant and are now operating it. About 50 per cent of the material is utilized for filling behind bulkheads and reclaiming shore land. The remainder is towed to sea. During the winter months ice along the water front interferes with using this material for reclaiming and filling purposes. New York City garbage.-The Barren Island incinerator has not been rebuilt and about November, 1918, the Staten Island plant ceased operations. These plants have always been objectionable to their neighborhoods, properties to leeward always suffering. The practice of disposing of garbage at sea has continued. The point designated for its disposition is 15 miles southeast of Scotland Light- ship, and to insure its deposit at the proper point one of the deputy inspectors of this office, usually the mate of the patrol boat collecting the permit at the Narrows, is instructed to take passage on the towing vessel on every trip and see that the material is disposed of in ac- 1998 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. cordance with the terms of the permit, reporting that fact in each instance to the supervisor. Garbage deposited at sea, no matter what the distance from shore, is apt to wash up on the beaches. The operation is likewise expen- sive. It would be an advantage to the neighborhood of the beaches to secure legislation against such practice, and to the city to dispose of its garbage in sanitary and unobjectionable purifiers. Deposits in Hudson River, Long Island Sound, and in kills and bays. around Staten Island.--During the summer months much dredging is carried on to maintain channels to brickyards, ice houses, small manufactories, and other plants. Permits are issued for the disposition of such dredging spoil either on shore, above high- water mark and behind bulkheads, or at such points in deep waters of the locality as may prove least injurious and may meet with the approval of the United States engineer officer in charge of the dis- trict. (c) PATROL. Four vessels are employed in maintaining a constant patrol at the mouth of the harbor day and night, Sundays and holidays. Two are on duty at all times and in all conditions of weather. One vessel stationed at the Narrows collects all permits from tows passing to sea, stamps same with point and time of collection, and notes thereon the condition of loading of the scows or dumpers comprising the tow and their time passing a given point bound out. It also keeps the tows under observation as far seaward as practicable or until they come under the surveillance of the outside patrol vessel which is stationed in the vicinity of the designated dumping ground, out- side Scotland Light Vessel, and which patrols 3 to 5 miles outside that vessel to insure the deposit of material well outside the harbor, and also to prevent incoming vessels from depositing stone and other ballast harborward of the light vessel. The outside patrol vessel also notes the condition of the loads of the scows as they pass out and keeps the tows under observation until the material is discharged at the prescribed point. Daily reports are made by the patrol vessels and are checked in the office with permits issued and collected. Any discrepancy be- tween the condition of a load as it reaches the dumping ground and the conditions shown by the permit collected by the inside vessel is noted, and the owner of the tug, or the applicant for the permit, is given an opportunity for explanation. If the explanation is un- satisfactory, such further action is taken by the supervisor as cir- cumstances may warrant. Through the courtesy of the Lighthouse Department a daily re- port is made to the supervisor by the master of Scotland Lightship, giving the time, and, where practicable, the names of all tows pass- ing his vessel. This forms a valuable check on the reports of the patrol vessels. The outside patrol vessel also sees to the enforcement of the pro- visions of the act of August 18, 1894, requiring the main channels to be kept free from small craft engaged in fishing or dredging for shellfish, or in any way interfering with the safe navigation of these channels by ocean steamships or other vessels of deep draft; it also SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 1999 warns vessels approaching the restricted area established by the Sec- retary of War October 17, 1917, for testing war material, and re- ports vessels violating the regulations prescribed in connection therewith. A fifth boat was employed during part of the fiscal year in daily inspections along the water front, making reports of all scows and barges loaded or light, coming under observation. These re- ports were of importance in connection with the checking of waste material moved on the waters of the harbor for final disposition. This vessel is also used as necessity requires for extended runs on in- spection of the Hudson River and Long Island Sound. The patrol force has been assisted by a naval vessel since December 20, 1918. This came about as a result of a request of the supervisor to the commandant of the Third Naval District, occasioned by the necessity of withdrawing some of the patrol vessels for the purpose of making repairs. The matter was duly reported to the Chief of Engineers, and at the request of the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy authorized the loan. The vessel thus cooperating has been a submarine chaser, not always the same vessel, and has been manned by a Navy crew. A deputy inspector attached to the office of the supervisor and on board as a passenger, prepared and rendered the usual reports. The work performed has been on the outer patrol, alternating with one of the patrol vessels. This assistance has made it possible to continue an efficient patrol, and is much appreciated. One or more of the regular patrol vessels have been out of com- mission during the year, laid up or under repair, and but for the aid of the Navy vessel, it would have been impossible to continue a sufficient supervision throughout the year with the limited appro- priation available. The masters and mates of the vessels out of com- mission were utilized as deputy inspectors in making inspections along shore on the river fronts. Their visits at unexpected times and their daily reports had a salutary effect. A launch is used for patrolling Staten Island Kills, Newark Bay, Passaic River, and various shallow tributaries, and in investigating points alongshore where pier building or excavating operations are under way, or in special investigations where the water is insufficient for the larger boats. Enforcement of acts of Congress approved May 28, 1908, and Feb- ruary 16, 1909.-A strict surveillance was kept over scows and vessels coming under the provisions of section 8 of the above act relating to equipment required. No cases occurred requiring action of the courts during the past fiscal year. (D) SYSTEM OF CHECKING. Blank forms, " Reports of loading," with return franked envelopes, are furnished by the supervisor gratis to all for whom dredging work is being done, including corporations and private parties and munici- pal, State, and Federal departments. These reports show the num- ber of pockets loaded or partly loaded at the close of each day's work, and on their receipt are checked with the permits collected by the patrol vessels. The number of private concerns furnishing such re- ports is increasing. The comparison of reports and permits enables 125851-ENG 1919----126 2000 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. loss of material in transit to be noted and the proper action to be taken. When work is done for the Government or the city or for private corporations thus cooperating with the supervisor, the con- tracts generally stipulate that material not deposited in accordance with law will not be paid for, and it has been found possible to con- sider that a contractor, in go far as illegal deposit is concerned, has failed to carry out his contract. There are occasionally, however, contracts of considerable extent fo. private concerns who fail to ap- preciate the advantage of furnishing the supervisor with the infor- mation called for on the blank forms referred to, claiming that the final disposition of the material does not concern them. Such cases necessitate frequent inspections of the dredging operations and the filing of reports showing light and loaded dumpers. Where discrep- ancies are noted special efforts are directed to obtain sufficient evi- dence of irregularity in the final disposition of the material to war- rant reference to the courts. It will therefore be seen that the final disposition of dredging spoils is well covered and that violations of law from this source can not well take place without the supervisor's knowledge. This work would be materially aided and evasion of the law rendered proportionately difficult if the, filing of reports of loading was made compulsory on all parties engaged in the loading of waste material for transportation on the waters of the harbor, in- stead of being left, as it is, a matter of discretion. There is a large amount of material termed " cellar dirt," which is most injurious to the channels but which can not be so successfully reached by this system of checking, as the contractors largely depend upon the lessees of water-front dumps and of scows to dispose of their debris and excavated material. No method has thus far been found for obtaining from these lessees reports of loading, and such operations consequently necessitate frequent inspections along the water front to keep track of the condition of the loads of the dumpers at the various dumping boards. Otherwise the dumpers might easily be hauled out in the stream during a fog or at night, the loads dis- charged, and the empty dumpers returned to the dumping boards ready for reloading. It is believed that the practice was of common occurrence previous to the inauguration of strict water-front inspec- tion. In all cases where the checking system is inapplicable or can not be fully carried out special efforts are made to the extent of the avail- able force at the disposal of the supervisor, by frequent inspections, to enforce the law. As might be expected in cases where the checking system is not complete, quite a number of technical or minor viola- tions can not be referred to the courts, because of lack of the con- clusive evidence necessary in criminal proceedings. Where persistent or willful disregard for law and regulations is evident, the facts are submitted to the United States district attorneys for such action as they may deem proper. (E) FLOATING PLANT. The patrol vessels must remain at sea during severe weather, as illegal dumping is then most likely to occur. It is therefore necessary to keep the fleet in the highest state of efficiency. The plant now con- sists of five steam tugs-the Cerbernu, Lamont, Scout, Nimrod, and SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 2001 Vigilant-and one launch, the Lookout. The Nimrod and Lookout are wooden vessels. The others are of steel construction. (F) OFFICE. The force, consisting of chief clerk, two clerks, and chief deputy inspector, issues permits upon applications duly filed and keeps a record of all applications and permits. It records all reports of load- ing and disposition of material, issues proposals for supplies and re-. repairs, attends to and files correspondence, keeps property records, regulates tours of duty of the patrol vessels, prepares vouchers, and disburses funds. When violations of law are discovered the results of the investigation, if so warranting, are referred for action by the United States district attorney of the district wherein the violation occurred. (G) COST OF MAINTENANCE. The annual appropriations for some years have been $10,260 for pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, office force, and expenses of office, and $75,000 for pay of crews and maintenance of patrol fleet. a total of $85,260. The appropriation for pay and maintenance for the past fiscal year was increased to $85,000, and in addition there was an appropriation of $500 for a new engine for the Lookout, and a deficiency appropriation of $70,000 for repairs, making a total of $165,760. (H) LAWS AND ORDERS AUTHORIZING AND DEFINING THE EXISTING PLAN OF OPERATIONS. June 29, 1888: Act of Congress (25 Stats., 209). May 23, 1889: Order of Secretary of War that communications on subject of supervision be addressed to him through Chief of Engineers. February 1, 1890: Order of Secretary of War that powers conferred on him concerning supervision be exercised through the Chief of Engineers. August 18, 1894: Act of Congress, sections 2 and 3 (28 Stats., 360). May 28, 1908: Act of Congress (35 Stats., 426). February 16, 1909: Act of Congress (35 Stats., 623). October 17, 1917: Order of Secretary of War regarding supervision of "re- stricted areas " (War Department Bulletin No. 58). June 10, 1919: Order of Secretary of War regarding supervision of " restricted areas" (War Department Bulletin No. 20). OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. Notices.-Notices in the form of copies of the law were distributed from time to time during the past fiscal year for the information and guidance of all concerned. D)unping grounds.-No changes were made in the dumping limits. The amount of material moved and deposited under supervision was 13,692,852 cubic yards, making the grand total from 1890 to June 30, 1919, 509,360,714 cubic yards. The number of permits issued dur- ing the year was 6,627, the average number of tows daily to sea was 15, the average number of scows daily to sea, 22. Details concerning the amounts moved at different localities are given in section 9 of the supervisor's report. 2002- REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Patrol.-A constant patrol was maintained night and day of New York Harbor and Bay as far at sea as 5 miles outside of Scotland Lightship. Hudson River and East River were also patrolled, and Long Island Sound when necessary. The launch looked after the waters around Staten Island Sound, and of Newark Bay, Passaic, Hackensack, and Raritan Rivers. The patrol was maintained with difficulty, as two of the fleet, the Nimrod and the Scout, both acquired before the extension of the dumping limits so far seaward, are un- fit for service outside the Narrows, and all of the vessels were laid up at various periods for repairs. System of checking.-The plan hereinbefore described in connec- tion with "Existing project" was continued. Some difficulties were experienced as there stated. Floating plant.---The cost of operation, including docking repairs, but exclusive of office expenses, was $154,974.40. Details for each vessel are given in section 7 of the supervisor's report. Ofice.-Operations were continued in accordance with the plan described under "Existing project." Numerous violations of law were reported to the proper United States attorneys for prosecution. Details are as follows: ACTIONS. TO END OF FISCAL YEAR 1919 FOR VIOLATIONS OF ACT OF JUNE 29, 1888, AND ITS AMENDMENTS. Number of cases reported to United States attorneys for prosecution: Prior to fiscal year 1919- __------------- 339 During fiscal year 1919_______________________________ 20 Total_______ 359 Number of convictions obtained or cases settled by compromise: Prior to fiscal year 1919 ------------- 267 During fiscal year 1919---------------------------------- 14 Total---------------------------------------------- 281 Number of cases nolle prossed or discontinued: Prior to fiscal year 1919---------------- ------------- 50 During fiscal year 1919_ 00------------------------ Total-----------50 Number of cases dismissed after trial: Prior to fiscal year 1919_______-------- 4 During fiscal year 1919__ ------------------------------ 1 Total-- ------------------------------------------- 5 Number of cases pending June 30, 1919______________________________ 23 Total__-- --------------------------------- 359 (For further information see section 10 of supervisor's report.) ACTIONS TO END OF FISCAL YEAR 1919 FOR VIOLATIONS OF ACT OF MAY 28, 1908. None. The cost of operating the office for the fiscal year was $10,247.29. (See sec. 8 of the supervisor's report for details.) CONDITION AT THE END OF THIE FISCAL YEAR. General.-The total amount of material disposed of under super- vision since 1890 is 509,360,714 cubic yards. Of this amount 361,430,- SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 2003 851 cubic yards were deposited in navigable waters and in Long Island Sound. It is gratifying to note that careful observation by the masters of the patrol vessels show a considerable diminution in floating debris, a result due to the operations of the district engineer officers under the provision of the river and harbor act approved March 4, 1915, author- izing the collection and removal of drift. Floating plant.-Owing to the general deterioration, due to age and continued long service of the patrol vessels, a considerably larger amount is necessary for their general annual overhauling than can be assigned for that purpose from the funds allotted for their mainte- nance. The deficiency appropriation act of November 4, 1918, in- cluded $70,000 for the purpose, but on account of the high prices due to war conditions, the sum was found insufficient to cover everything which should be done. The work accomplished with the money, if supplemented by annual appropriations of about $11,000 for docking and repairs, will probably keep the fleet in good operating condition for a year or two longer without the necessity of extensive repair work. The Cerberus, built in 1905, is the only one of the fleet really fit for outside duty and capable of staying at sea for any extended interval. Essential repairs have been made during the year. The Lamont, built in 1895, and in continuous service for 24 years, was extensively repaired during the year. The Scout, built in 1896, is of a type unfitted for rough weather, but has been continuously employed and was kept in service during the past year by overhauling as necessary. The Nimrod, built and purchased in 1890, is serviceable as far as boiler is concerned. The deterioration of the hull and the.worn condi- tion of the machinery, however, restricted the radius of usefulness to the inner harbor or.the smooth waters of the bay and sound. This vessel is now under repair. The woodwork and timbers have been found in very bad condition. This vessel should be replaced as soon as possible. The Vigilant, built in 1900, has been overhauled and is now in fair condition. This vessel was constructed principally with a view to employment for inspections along the water front, Hudson River, and Long Island Sound. It is consequently not adapted for outside patrol duty, but has been so employed at times, taking the place, of one of the outside patrol vessels out of commission. The Lookout, built in 1896, has since been kept running regularly, except during the winter months, during which period the mate in charge is employed on shore inspection. This boat has been over- hauled, a new engine has been installed, and it is now in good condi- tion. During the past year all the vessels have been extensively over- hauled. This has been accomplished by the aid of the deficiency ap- propriation of $70,000. The Nimrod will need a small amount to complete repairs owing to poor condition of the wooden frames and timbers. The fleet will then be in fair condition for one or more years. 2004 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. LOCAL COOPERATION. The city authorities and private persons cooperate with the super- visor to the extent of furnishing " Reports of loading," showing the number of pockets loaded or partly loaded at the close of each day's work. These facilitate the work of detecting the loss from leakage or other causes of material in transit. In cases of violations of law, private individuals are reluctant to appear, however, as witnesses. The evidence must usually be furnished by the crews of patrol vessels. The city authorities also cooperate as described under the heading "ashes and rubbish from small craft plying the harbor," by the maintenance at localities designated by the supervisor of deck scows for the use of vessels wishing to discharge ashes or rubbish. EFFECT OF SUPERVISION. Experience has shown that a relaxation of a strict patrol is sure to result in injury to channels by illegal dumping and has emphasized the necessity of the drastic measures for their protection enacted by Congress. Enormous amounts of material are daily carried to sea by people who have little hesitation in dumping anywhere if they are not watched. The distance to the point of disposition varies from 25 to 40 miles, and the character of the material is a powerful incentive to get rid of it as quickly and with as little expense as possible. The increase of over 100 per cent in the cost of hiring dumpers and scows and in the charges for towing to sea, together with the increased cost of labor for operating dredges and excavating material increase the incentive to dispose of it surreptitiously; probably not directly by owners or operators, but by subordinates in their zealous efforts to keep an empty dumper alongside the dredge or to keep empty scows alongside the dumping boards for reloading. It is apparent that an efficient patrol was never more needed than at the present time, and that any relaxation thereof would prove disastrous and would prob- ably result in blocking the channels in about two months to an extent which would make them inaccessible to the trans-Atlantic steamers. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. (a) The funds available are those appropriated by the sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920. They will be expended in. accordance with the existing project, for maintenance and operation of the patrol system and for the work of the office. (b) The estimate of funds required for the service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, is as follows: Estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Estimated, Appropriated, Objects of expenditure. 1921. 1920. For pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, crews, and office force, and for maintenance of patrol fleet and expenses of office...................... $122, 985 $100, 260 SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 2005 It is proposed to expend the funds requested for the fiscal year 1921 as follows: Salaries---- ------------------------------------------- $9, 840 Pay of crews-------- --------------------------------- 55,800 Coal ------------------------------------------------------ 25, 200 Oil --------------------------------------------------------- 960 Water ----------------------------------------------------- 500 Supplies ------- -------------- 4, 537 Gasoline ----------------------------------------------------- 300 Subsistence-------------------- 308 1----------------------- Docking and repairing patrol vessels-- ------- ------------------ 11, 000 Stationery and printing----------------------------------------270 Travel ---- -- -- 140 Incidentals --- ------------------------------------------------ 130 Total ----------------------------------------------- 122,985 REMARKS CONCERNING ESTIMATES. Heretofore the appropriations have been in two items, one of which provided for the pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, office force, and the expenses of the office, and the other for the pay of crews and the maintenance of the patrol fleet. This use of two items to provide for one and the same work appears to have originated in this particular instance with the appropriation made by the act ap- proved August 30, 1890, which introduced a specific provision for the pay of crew and the maintenance of the one patrol boat which had been obtained up to the time when the estimate was submitted on which that appropriatioh was" based. Subsequent appropria- tions introduced items providing, by the name of the boat, for the pay of crew and for the maintenance of other boats as they were added to the patrol fleet. That practice continued until- the act approved June 11, 1896, when the different items were consolidated in two items similar in form to those found in the act approved August 24, 1912. There appears to be no good reason for con- tinuing the practice, which seems to have no other result than to increase bookkeeping and clerical labor locally, and in the War and Treasury Departments. The money is all expended under one direc- tion for one purpose. Some of the inspectors also serve as masters or mates of the patrol boats, and no reason is perceived for providing for their pay in one item and for that of the other members of the crew in another. The combination of the appropriations in one item as proposed above is therefore recommended. The increase in the estimate over the amount heretofore appro- priated for the operation of the fleet it largely due to the increase of pay demanded by competent men. It has been found impracticable to obtain deck hands for less than $70 per month and subsistence, and stokers at less than $75 per month and subsistence. The commercial demand for that line of labor is such that it was with the utmost difficulty that men sufficient to properly maintain the patrol during the past fiscal year could be obtained. It has been necessary also to increase substantially the pay of the licensed men. The estimate is based on the minimum rates of pay as established by the board of arbitration of New York Harbor for wage adjustment of employees engaged in the operation of tugs, barges, etc., together with the 2006 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. general increased cost of supplies necessary for the operation of the patrol vessels. The estimate also includes $11,000 for docking and repairing the patrol vessels, which is deemed a conservative statement of the amount necessary to keep them in fairly serviceable condition. Two of the oldest vessels in the service should be replaced by new vessels at the earliest possible opportunity, but in view of the present high cost of labor and material it is impracticable to procure or con- struct them at a reasonable figure. The sum of $75,000 was appro- priated by the sundry civil act approved July 1, 1916, for the pur- chase or construction of a vessel to take the place of the Nimrod. Efforts were made to obtain a suitable seagoing vessel by purchase or construction, but owing to abnormal conditions prevailing it was found impossible to do so with the funds appropriated. As ex- plained in previous reports, only seagoing vessels should be acquired. The tugs used for towing to the dumping grounds outside Scotland Lightship are large seagoing vessels and having scows in tow, can make better weather in a seaway than a vessel without a tow. It is essential that the patrol boats provided shall be able to follow the tows to sea in all weathers. It is thought possible that eventually the Government may have on its hands vessels no longer needed for the war purposes for which they were acquired and which may be suit- able for transfer to the supervisor for patrol duty. If so, application therefor will be made, but in the meantime sufficient funds should be provided to keep the present fleet in reasonably serviceable condition. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. The commerce affected includes that of the Hudson River, the harbor of New York and its adjacent and tributary waters, and the harbors on Long Island Sound. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, for prevention of deposits, harbor of New York______-__- __--___--- - $2, 354, 170.60 Total appropriations to date of this report_-----__------------ 2, 546, 390. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended 1.............................. $91,925.82 $85,559.47 $83,312.04 $90,379.81 $133, 426.69 Appropriated ............................ 94,260.00 85,260.00 160,260.00 115,260.00 165,760.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended .- _____--- ___-----_--_-- $104, 765.01 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918 .. 95, 760. 00 Amount appropriated by deficiency act approved Nov. 4, 1918 ____ 70, 000. 00 270, 525. 01 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund --------------- ---- - $75, 074.68 Amount to be carried to surplus fund- --------- 943. 45 76, 018. 13 194, 506. 88 ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS. * 2007 June 30, 1919, amount expended (luring fiscal year :'_. $133 426. 69 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended- --------------------- 61, 080. 19 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities______- __--------_ 61, 041. 88 July 1, 1919, balance available---------------- --- 38. 31 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919__ 100, 260. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920_ -- _______ 100, 298. 31 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for maintenance ----------------------- 122, 985. 00 RECLAMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS FROM THE MOUTH OF THE RIVER TO THE DISTRICT LINE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. District engineers.-Col. W. L. Fisk, United States Army, retired, to February 12, 1919; Col. M. C. Tyler, Engineers, February 12, 1919, to close of fiscal year. Division engineers.-Col. W. L. Fisk, United States Army, retired, to May 28, 1919; Maj. Gen. Peter C. Hains, United States Army, re- tired, May 29, 1919, to close of fiscal year. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The Anacostia River rises in Maryland and flows about 20 miles in a southwesterly direction, emptying into the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., about 108 miles above its mouth. The upper 12 miles are nontidal, having a moderate current; the lower 8 miles are tidal. Its drainage area is 200 square miles. The low-water fluvial discharge at Bladensburg (8- miles above the mouth of the river), is about 10 second-feet, and the high-water discharge at the same place about 15,000 second-feet. This project relates only to the lower 61 miles, which is situated within the District of Columbia. The average. fall per mile is about 15 feet. The average width be- tween banks is approximately one-half mile. Freshets generally occur in the spring. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376. ORIGINAL CONDITION. Prior to improvement the channel was narrow and winding, and between the channel and the banks were extensive flats and marshes, which were alternately exposed and flooded by tidal action. In summer the flats were covered with a rank growth of aquatic plants, which prevented a rapid cleansing movement of the tide and caused deposits of mud and filth. The meadows, which were above ordinary high-water level, were flooded at varying intervals, whenever the water was raised by flood or easterly winds above normal level, and every depression retained a stagnant pool, a condition most favorable for the development of malaria. The controlling depths at mean low water were 15 feet at Anacostia Bridge, 12 feet at the Philadelphia. Baltimore & Washington Railroad bridge, 8 feet at Bennings Bridge, and 2 feet at the District line. The mean range of tide is 3 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water. 'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2008 REPORT QF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. None. EXISTING PROJECTS. The length of the section to be reclaimed and developed is about 6A miles, extending from the mouth of the river upstream to the northeast boundary line of the District of Columbia. The project was prepared in accordance with the following provi- sion in the District of Columbia act of March 2, 1911: Toward the reclamation and development of the Anacostia River and Flats, from the Anacostia Bridge northeast to the District line, to be expended under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, upon plans to be prepared under the direction of and to be approved by a board of engineers, to consist of the engineer commissioner of the District of Columbia, the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, and the engineer officer in charge of the improvement of the Potomac River; said sum to be available for the prepa- ration of plans, the prosecution of the work, the employment of personal service, and for such other purposes as may in the judgment of said board be necessary to carry out the purposes of this appropriation, $100,000. The project as originally adopted is described in a report of the board dated April 29, 1912. It provided, in general, for an open channel between river walls to be constructed from Anacostia Bridge upstream to Massachusetts Avenue, a distance of about 13 miles, and for slack water thence upstream, to be created by a dam on the line of Massachusetts Avenue, forming a lake of sufficient area to permit pleasure boating, etc., and also affording navigation to the District line. The project also provided for a lock and necessary appurte- nances to maintain the level of the lake at a normal elevation of 2 feet above mean low water of the channel below the dam; also for dredging between the Anacostia Bridge and the District line and using the spoil for reclamation of the adjacent shores; for requiring the installation of draw spans in the Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge, the Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad Bridge, and Bennings Bridge, the available channel width in the draws to be 100 feet, the same as at the draw in the Anacostia Bridge; and for the abolition of the harbor lines above the Anacostia Bridge and the modification of the bulkhead line on the left bank just below that bridge. The estimated cost of this project was $2,046,100. Further study led to the conclusion that some features of the proj- ect were impracticable, owing to the large amount of silt carried by the river. The board therefore modified the project as described in a report submitted to Congress by the Secretary of War June 24, 1916, and printed in House document No. 1357, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, first session. This modification affects the section extending upstream from the dam at Massachusetts Avenue by extending the open channel from Anacostia Bridge to the District line to permit the free movement of silt and open navigation between those points and by constructing the proposed lake between the open channel and the northerly shore of the river. The detailed features of the project as modified are as follows: The construction of river walls upstream from Anacostia Bridge to the District line, forming a channel 700 feet wide at Anacostia Bridge, 650 feet wide just above Massachusetts Avenue, thence de- creasing to a width of 300 feet near the District line, the channel to be dredged to a depth of 15 feet in the section between Anacostia ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS. 2009 Bridge and Massachusetts Avenue and to a depth of 9 feet above the latter point, the spoil to be used for the reclamation of the adja- cent banks. The construction of a lateral basin or lake along the northerly shore of the river between the vicinity of Massachusetts Avenue and the District line, to be dredged to a depth of 6 feet, the spoil to be used for the reclamation of the adjacent banks and for the formation of islands. The construction of gates at the upper and lower ends of the lake to maintain the water surface at an approximately constant level. The construction of a lock at the lower end of the lake for the passage of boats, the lock to be 15 feet wide by 75 feet long, the depth on the gate sills to be 10 feet at mean low water, and the lift to be 2 feet. Bridges and harbor lines to be modified as proposed in the descrip- tion given above of the original project. The estimated cost of the project as modified is $589,250 for the portion between the Anacostia Bridge and Massachusetts Avenue and $2,116,587 for the portion between Massachusetts Avenue and the District line, making a total of $2,705,837. The item making appropriation for this work in act of Congress approved August 31, 1918, making appropriations to provide for the expenses of the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919, and for other purposes, provided that "so far as concerns the section from the mouth of the river to the Anacostia Bridge, in accordance with the approved project printed in House Document No. 87, Fifty-fifth Congress, third ses- sion, there is hereby appropriated any available funds from appro- priations heretofore made for said reclamation and, development from the Anacostia Bridge northeast to the District line, which said funds are also hereby made available for the said reclamation work from the mouth of the river to the Anacostia Bridge: And provided further, That the entire area. reclaimed and to be reclaimed, from the mouth of the river to the District line be, and the same is hereby made and declared a part of the park system of the District of Columbia and designated Anacostia Park." The estimated cost of the additional work of completing the fill on the reclaimed area between the mouth of the river and Anacostia Bridge is $130,000. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Delecarlia was engaged on emergency war work until September 5, and the U. S. pipe-line dredge Talcott was engaged on emergency work throughout the year. Due to this, other emergencies, scarcity and high price of materials and labor, only about 20 per cent of the work of normal times was accomplished. The Delecarlia was engaged on the work a total of about 3z months and excavated 218,517 cubic yards of material and deposited it on the area undergoing reclamation; 2,350 linear feet of sea-wall foundations were completed by the placement of 9,009.7 cubic yards of riprap stone. The U. S. derrick boat Atlas was engaged on em- bankment work 27 days and repaired 10,217 linear feet of embank- ment by the placement of 10,639 cubic yards of excavated material. 'rhe snag boat Y'ork was employed 10 days in driving 38 piles to 2010 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. strengthen the riprap foundations where settlement had taken place. Negotiations for the acquisition of land were continued, resulting in securing 58 acres of land. Two scows were purchased and prepara- tions for resuming work on the masonry sea wall were made. The expenditure was $168,363.43, of which amount $69,756.72 is reim- bursable, making the actual net expenditure for the fiscal year $98,- 606.71, all for new work. CONDITION AT END OF FISCAL YEAR. The project is about 29 per cent completed with the result that 2,707,75,3 cubic yards of material have been excavated from the channel areas and deposited on the areas undergoing' reclamation, thereby partially reclaiming 140 acres; 22,060 linear feet of sea-wall foundations have been laid; 9,376 linear feet of masonry sea-wall have been constructed; 1,677 piles have been driven; 25.51 acres of land have.been paid for, and the purchase of an additional 58 acres is pending preparation and approval of title; the plant necessary for prosecuting the work has been built or purchased; provilions have been taken or are under way to modify the bridges to permit the passage of water craft. The expenditure to June 30, 1919, is $852,480.89, and was applied to new work. LOCAL COOPERATION. The funds for this project have been appropriated by the District of Columbia appropriation bills, and half of the expense has been borne by the District of Columbia. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. Navigation has been benefited as deep-draft vessels now use the area between the Anacostia and Pennsylvania Avenue bridges. This area is also used as a yacht harbor, relieving crowded conditions in the Washington Harbor. War gardens, which improve the land and keep down the growth of weeds and underbrush, have been allotted on portions of the reclaimed area. Sanitary conditions in the area between the Anacostia and Pennsylvania Railroad bridges have been improved. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. (a) The funds available on June 30, 1919, $145,519.11, together with the $100,000 appropriated by the act of July 11, 1919, will be expended approximately as follows: Dredging and reclamation ------------------------------- $100, 000. 00 Purchase of lands------------------------------------ 100, 000. 00 Sea-wall foundation and masonry sea-wall work--------------- 20, 000. 00 Care of property and construction works--------------------- 4, 000. 00 Maintenance of Government plant_ --------------------------- 8, 000. 00 Engineering, clerical, office and miscellaneous expenses----------13, 519. 11 Total- _--245, 519. 11 It is expected that the available funds will be expended by June 30, 1920. ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS. 2011 (b) As it is desired to prosecute this work more vigorously with 1a view to its early completion a larger estimate of funds required for the service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. is submitted as follows: Estimate for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Object of expenditure. Estimated, Appropriated, 1921. 1920. For continuing the reclamation and development of Anacostia Park, to be expended in accordance with the plans specified in the item for the reclamationof the Anacostia River and Flats, contained in the District of Columbia appropriation act for the fiscal year 1919 (increase of $200,000 submitted)..... ......................................... .. $300,000 $100,000 REMARKS CONCERNING ESTIMATE. It is proposed to expend the funds requested for the fiscal year 1921 approximately as follows: Dredging and reclamation__ - ------- $100;, 000 Purchase of land ---------------------------------------- 100, 000 Sea-wall work -------------------- _--------- 40, 000 Maintenance and repairs to Government plant and care of property__ 15, 000 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc-- -------- 45, 000 Total ----------------------------------------------- 300, 000 RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. None. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, for new work__ $852, 480. 89 Total appropriations to June 30, 1919---------------------- 1, 075, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended.............................. $112469.92 $182,398.45 $156,017.64 $172,090.37 $98,606.71 1000.00 Appropriated..........................100, 100,000.00 200,000.00 300,000.00 75, 000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended----------------------------- $246, 125. 82 Amount appropriated by District of Columbia act approved Aug. 31, 1918 --------------- 75, 000.00 321, 125. 82 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work_ 98, 606. 71 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended---------------------------- 222, 519. 11 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------$67, 500. 00 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts_ --------------------------------- 9, 500. 00 77, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available------------- 145, 519. 11 Amount appropriated by District of Columbia act approved July 11, 1919 ----------------------------------------- 100,000.00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920---------- 245, 519. 11 2012 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--____ 1$1, 630, 837. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work___ _____________-_________ 1300, 000. 00 REPAIRS TO AQUEDUCT BRIDGE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. District engineer.-Col. W. L. Fisk, United States Army, retired, to February 12, 1919; Col. M. C. Tyler, Engineers, 'February 12, 1919, to close of fiscal year. Division engineer.-Col. W. L. Fisk, United States Army, retired, to May 28, 1919; Maj. Gen. Peter C. Hains, United States Army, retired, May 29, 1919, to close of fiscal year. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The Aqueduct Bridge crosses the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., from Thirty-sixth Street, Georgetown, to Rosslyn, Va. Its total length, exclusive of an earth embankment about 700 feet in length, constituting the Virginia approach, is about 1,317 feet, dis- tributed as follows, beginning at the Virginia abutment: Nine deck spans of 114 feet each over the river; about 127 feet of trestle over the north abutment; one through span of 164 feet over the Chesa- peake & Ohio Canal. The eight piers have a batter of 1 inch to the foot. Their ends are semicircular in plan, and the upstream ends are provided with cut-granite ice breakers projecting about 15 feet beyond the upper part of the pier. For convenience in designating them the piers are numbered 1 to 8, beginning the count from the Virginia end. Piers Nos. 3 and 6 are about 16 feet wide and 50 feet long at the top; the others are about 8 feet wide and 42 feet long at the top. The top of copings is 30 feet above mean low water. The rock bottom of the river is from 24 to 35 feet below mean low water and will average about 28 feet below mean low water. The 10 iron spans are of light construction. Each has two trusses 23 feet and 7 inches apart, and each truss is 19 feet deep. The width of road- way is 24 feet, with two sidewalks of 6-foot width. The clear head- room is about 30 feet over the river and about 14 feet over the canal. ORIGINAL CONDITION. The piers of the Aqueduct Bridge were originally constructed be- tween 1835 and 1840 to carry a canal across the Potomac. They were built of Potomac River gneiss laid in the form of rough rubble masonry, except the ice breakers, which are of cut granite. According to the report on the original construction, hydraulic cement was used in the mortar, but from the more recent examination and from the observations made during reconstruction of three piers it was ascertained that the original mortar was of very inferior quality and poorly distributed. The mortar joints in the abutments and piers above the water have been cleaned out and pointed up with Portland cement mortar, and consequently these upper por- tions are in fair condition. In 1868 a floor system and approaches were added, and the structure was used as a highway toll bridge 1Exclusive of available funds. REPAIRS TO AQUEDUCT BRIDGE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2013 until 1886. The wooden structure and piers were purchased under act of Congress (Public, No. 89) approved June 21, 1886. This act appropriated the sum of $240,000 and provided for the purchase of the bridge at a cost not to exceed the sum of $125,000 and for remov- ing the old wooden structure and erecting a new iron bridge in place thereof. The 10 iron spans were constructed in place under the direction of the Secretary of War, and the new bridge was completed on March 3, 1888. A complete description of the work is given in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for 1887, pages 899 to 910, which contains a map; for 1888, pages 789 to 795; and for 1889, pages 989 and 990. The custody and control of the bridge was turned over to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia on September 15, 1888. Shortly after the great freshet of June 2, 1889, Pier No. 1 was observed to have moved several inches, and lesser injuries were noticed in some of the other piers. The commissioners repaired these injuries and also made subsequent repairs up to 1893. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. In accordance with a resolution of Congress dated January 21, 1893, an examination of abutments and piers was made, and a report thereon was submitted July 17, 1893. (Annual Report, 1895, pp. 4085-4099.) Appropriations for repairs of abutments and piers and for recon- struction of piers were made in District of Columbia acts as follows: Aug. 7, 1894 $51, 070. 00 June 8, 1896----- ---------------------------------- 65, 000. 00 July 1, 1902 --------------------------------------- 65, 000. 00 Mar. 2, 1.907----- -------------------------------- 80, 000. 00 'Total_ --- --- 261, 070. 00 The total expenditure for such repairs and for the reconstruction of Piers Nos. 1, 4, and 5 to June 30, 1916, was $238,454.71. For further details see pages 1867 and 1868, Annual Report of 1917. EXISTING PROJECT. By an act of Congress approved May 18, 1916, $25,000 was appro- priated for the maintenance of the bridge, including the superstruc- ture, during the construction of a neW bridge authorized by the same act. It is contemplated to make an examination of the piers and abut- ments at least twice each year and such temporary repairs as the examination may show to be necessary, the work to be done by hired labor or by contract, as may be deemed most advantageous. The in- strumental observations will be continued at the end of each month, or more often if found advisable. The cavities and crevices found by the diver during the examina- tion are repaired with Portland cement concrete, placed in burlap bags and lowered to the diver, who builds them into masonry and carefully fills all cavities and crevices. The last examination and repairs were made in April and May, 1912. 1Balance made available by subsequent acts for examinations and repairs. 2014 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The superstructure of the bridge has been maintained in recent years by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. It is pro- posed to transfer to them from time to time such portion of the $25,000 appropriated by the act of May 18, 1916, as may be needed for that work. It is estimated that the examinations and repairs will amount to about $3,000 per year. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. Observations taken each month indicated no change in the align- ment and elevation of the piers, but considerable vibration has been noted. Two examinations by submarine diver have been made of the piers and abutments, viz, (1) beginning July 25, 1918, ending August 7, 1918; (2) beginning March 24, 1919, ending April 7, 1919. The condition at each examination showed that no repairs were needed at the present time. The total expenditure for the fiscal year was $1,246.46. The total expenditure for all repairs and the reconstruction of Piers Nos. 1, 4, and 5 to June 30, 1919, was $245,906.24. CONDITION AT THE END OF FISCAL YEAR. It is believed that the piers and abutments are in as good condi- tion as it is possible to make them.by the method of repair adopted. LOCAL COOPERATION. The appropriations for this work prior to that of May 18, 1916, were included in District of Columbia appropriation acts, and half of the expense was borne by the District. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. The bridge has been kept open to traffic. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. Work will be conducted in .accordance with the plan described under the title "Existing project." RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. The traffic over the bridge is large, but no record of the amount is available. STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS, EXPENDITURES, ETC. For this statement see page 1871, Annual Report for 1917. BRIDGE ACROSS POTOMAC RIVER AT GEORGETOWN, D. C. 2015 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919: New work ----------------------------------------- $239,992.67 Maintenance ------------------------ ---------------- 245, 906. 24 Net total expended---------------------------------485, 898.91 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------- 544, 810. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for maintenance............... 125.52 $2,371. 22 $5,393.97 811. 10 $1, 246.46 Appropriated or allotted................. .......... 25,000.00.. ........................ July 1, 1918, balance unexpended --------------------- $22, 042. 14 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 1,246.46 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended__-------------------------- 20, 795. 68 July 1, 1919, balance available_ ----- --------------------- -20, 795. 68 BRIDGE ACROSS POTOMAC RIVER AT GEORGETOWN, D. C. (KEY BRIDGE). District engineer.--Col. W. L. Fisk, United States Army, retired, to February 12, 1919; Col. M. C. Tyler, Engineers, February 12, 1919, to close of fiscal year. Division engineer.-Col. W. L. Fisk, United States Army, retired, to May 28, 1919; Maj. Gen. Peter C. Hains, United States Army, re- tired, May 29, 1919, to close of fiscal year. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The bridge is to cross the Potomac River from Thirty-fourth Street, Washington, D. C., to the vicinity of the south end of the Aqueduct Bridge, which crosses from Thirty-sixth Street to Rosslyn, Va., and is to replace the Aqueduct Bridge. ORIGINAL CONDITION. The Aqueduct Bridge has served for the traffic from Georgetown, D. C., to Rosslyn, Va., since 1868. The piers have been rapidly de- teriorating in recent years and three of them were rebuilt between 1897 and 1907. The remaining five piers have developed dangerous defects. On December 3, 1915, the district engineer officer reported the bridge as unsafe and recommended reduction of the traffic over it and the reconstruction of all old piers or the construction of a new bridge. The Secretary of War, under date, of December 22, 1915, recommended to Congress the construction of a new bridge. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. EXISTING PROJECT. The project is contained in an act of Congress approved May 18, 1916, and provides for the preparation of plans for a bridge and approaches across the Potomac River at or near the Aqueduct Bridge at a cost not to exceed $1,000,000, and for the obtaining of competi- 125851--ENG 1919-----127 2016 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tive bids therefor. The act also provides for the acquisition of the necessary land and easements, for the use of the bridge by interurban traction lines, telephone and telegraph lines, and for gas and water mains. The act appropriates $150,000 for the preparation of plans and for the payment of lands, easements, etc., and provides that one- half of the entire expense of constructing the bridge shall be paid by the District of Columbia. A subproject, approved June 29, 1916, provides that the bridge shall be known as the Key Bridge, in honor of Francis Scott Key, whose home was near the site; that the location shall be at or near Thirty-fourth Street on the Georgetown side and near the present terminus of the Aqueduct Bridge on the Virginia side; that the neces- sary borings shall be made to explore the foundations; that topo- graphic and hydrographic surveys of the site shall be made; that the necessary engineering and architectural assistance shall be em- ployed and complete plans and specifications for the bridge shall be prepared; that preliminary plans shall be prepared for the con- sideration of the Secretary of War and the Commission of Fine Arts; and that all necessary land and easements for the bridge and ap- proaches shall be acquired by purchase at prices to be approved by the Secretary of War or by condemnation. The new bridge will be 1,650 feet long, including the apprpaches. The vertical clearances will range from 67.9 feet above mean low water at the'end spans to 72 feet above mean low water at the center span. The deck will be 78 feet above mean low water and will have a full width of 70 feet on top, including a trackage space 18 feet 5 inches wide, two roadways each 15 feet 92 inches wide, and two side- walks each 8 feet wide. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. The lands necessary for the approach to the bridge and for the abutments on the northerly or Georgetown side were acquired by purchase and by condemnation at a total cost of $84,310.75. A field office and storehouse was erected and occupied. Three open-deck lighters were purchased and received. Boiler plant for pumping out cofferdams was purchased and installed on lighter. The south abutment was completed to and including deck. Pier No. 4 was brought up to elevation 38.5 feet above mean low water. The coffer- dam for pier No. 1 was completed and was being pumped out. Fram- ing for cofferdam for pier No. 3 was completed and launched. Fram- ing for cofferdam for pier No. 2 was being constructed. Excavation for the north abutment foundation was carried to bed rock and prep- arations made for placing concrete therein. Concrete piles for counterfort walls of south approach were cast and stored. A por- tion of the fill for the south approach was placed. Steel centering for erection of arches has been manufactured and was being de- livered. Arrangements were completed for removing the buildings on M Street from land purchased for north approach. An emergency contract was entered into May 7, 1919, with the Security Cement & Lime Co., of Hagerstown, Md., for furnishing and delivering Portland cement. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $90,048.08 for plans and land and $317,991.36 for construction. BRIDGE ACROSS POTOMAC RIVER AT GEORGETOWN, D. C. 2017 CONDITION AT END OF FISCAL YEAR. The work is about 23.25 per cent completed, based on work done and materials delivered. The expenditures under the project to June 30, 1919, were: For plans and land_ ---- --- -- __$121, 108. 44 For construction-__----------------------- _ 575, 286. 61 Total -------------------------------------------------- 696, 395. 05 LOCAL COOPERATION. The appropriation act provides that one-half of the entire expense of constructing the bridge and of its maintenance when constructed shall be paid by the District of Columbia. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. When constructed the bridge will expedite and facilitate the movement of traffic between the District of Columbia and Virginia. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. (a) The available funds will be insufficient to permit maximum speed and economy of construction up to the end of the fiscal year 1920. It is proposed to apply them in pushing the work on the river piers and north abutment, so that when additional funds becoine available rapid and economical work on the superstructure and approaches will be possible. Estimate for fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Estimated, Appropriated, 1921. 1920. (b) For continuing the construction of the bridge authorized in sec. 1 of an act entitled "An act to provide for the removal of what is now known as the Aqueduct Bridge, across the Potomac River, and for the building of a bridge in place thereof," approved May 18, 1916, one-half to be payable out of the Treasury of the United States and the other half out of the revenues of the District of Columbia (increase of $38,000 submitted) ......................... $500, 000 $200, 000 It is proposed to expend the funds requested for the fiscal year 1921 on the construction of arch rings, superstructure, and approaches. The estimated cost of the completed bridge, based on current prices of labor and materials, is $2,100,000, exclusive of cost of plans and land. Financialsummnary. PLANS AND LANDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, for new work-- $121,108. 44 Total appropriations to date of this report_____--. ______------150, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work............................. $16.02 $20,530.32 $10,514.02 $90,048.08 or Appropriated or allotted :~b0,08 150,000.00 S 2018 REPORT OF CHIEF. OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. --- July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ____________-___ ___ $118, 939.64 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 90, 048. 08 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended-------- ------ ____ ----- 28, 891. 56 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities ...- ___-___---_________-_ 95. 00 July 1, 1919, balance available ___________ ______________ 28, 796. 56 CONSTRUCTION. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, for new work___ 575, 286. 61 Total appropriations to date of this report ___ ______-- ____ 800, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................ ........................ $7,532.93 $249,762.32 $317,991.36 Appropriated or allotted.....100,000.00 400,000.00 300,000.00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_ ________-_-_ -__-__- ___ $242, 704. 75 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918__ 300, 000. 00 542, 704. 75 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 317, 991. 36 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended__________________ ____-__ 224, 713. 39 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-- _____-..__-- $89, 500. 00 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --------------------------- 43, 296. 00 132, 796. 00 --- July 1, 1919, balance available__ -______________-____- 91, 917.39 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization, act of July 1, 1916 ____________________-______ ____ 200, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------- 1, 300, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work ____-__ __________-_______ 1 500, 000. 00 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. . District engineer.-Col. W. L. Fisk, United States Army, retired, from July 1, 1918, to February 12, 1919; Col. M. C. Tyler, Engineers, from February 12, 1919, to close of fiscal year. Division engineer.-Col. W. L. Fisk, United States Army, retired, from July 1, 1918, to May 28, 1919, and Maj. Gen. Peter C. Hains, United States Army, retired, May 29, 1919, to close of fiscal year. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. This work includes the Washington Aqueduct, the dam at Great Falls about 2,800 feet in length, the Conduit Road, the reservoirs, grounds comprising about 900 acres of land, buildings, coagulating plant, filtration plant, 3 pumping stations, 43 gatehouses, 194 meters on various Government services, and a telephone line. The aqueduct, situated partly in Montgomery County, Md., and partly in the District of Columbia, is a circular conduit, 9 feet in 1 Exclusive of available funds. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2019 diameter, extending from Great Falls on the Potomac River, about 14 miles above the city of Washington, to the Georgetown Reservoir, and a tunnel, having a horseshoe section, about 10 feet in diameter, from that reservoir to the McMillan Park Reservoir, which is situated in the northern part of the District of Columbia and at the southwest boundary of the grounds of the Soldiers' Home. The conduit is partly in rock, and partly a brick tunnel in soil. A portion of the rock section is lined with concrete and a portion is unlined. The dis- tance between the extreme elements of the system is 17 miles by road. The reservoirs are four in number. The first, situated 9 miles below Great Falls, is the Dalecarlia, 46 acres in area and having a gross capacity of 210,000,000 gallons. Sedimentation takes place in this reservoir and the turbidity of the water is reduced. The water flows, thence for a distance of 2 miles, through a brick conduit, passing the coagulating plant on the way, to the Georgetown Reservoir, 42 acres in area and having a gross capacity of 174,000,000 gallons, where settling again takes place. The conduit extends thence through a lined tunnel of inverted siphon profile, for a distance of 4 miles to McMillan Park Reservoir, 38 acres in area and with a gross capacity of 265,000,000 gallons. Thence the water is forced by three pumps, each with a daily capacity of 30,000,000 gallons to the covered filter beds, 29 in number, each 1 acre in area, situated at an elevation of 21 feet above McMillan Park Reservoir, and filtering by the slow sand method. The filtered effluent, clear and safe,-enters a concrete-lined, covered, filtered-water reservoir, whence it is drawn either through mains to the gravity service of the District of Columbia or to the District's pumping station for distribution to the high-service area. The safe daily capacity of the system is considered to be 68,000,000 gallons. The maximum capacity of the conduit is estimated at 90,000,000 gallons and of the filtration plant at 90,000,000 gallons, with all pumps in service. The work also includes the Conduit Road, a greatly used metaled thoroughfare, 13 miles in length, extending along and above the con- duit at localities; and the McMillan Park, situated in the District of Columbia between Michigan Avenue and Bryant Street and North Capitol and Fourth Streets NW. The latter comprises the filtration plant, the McMillan Park Reservoir, and the surrounding grounds, having a total area of 118 acres. The control of the system was vested in the Chief of Engineers by the act of March 2, 1867, and section 1800, Revised Statutes. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. The original project for the construction of the Washington Aque- duct was prepared in accordance with the acts of Congress of Sep- tember 30, 1850, and August 31, 1852, and adopted by the act of March 3, 1853. (See S. Ex. Doc. No. 48, 32d Cong., 2d sess.) It pro- vided for a dam at Great Falls, a circular conduit 9 feet in diameter and 9 miles long to Dalecarlia Reservoir, and another conduit of the same size, 2 miles long, to Georgetown Reservoir, which was the city distributing reservoir. Mains were laid thence to the Government buildings, and the cities of Washington and Georgetown were per- mitted to tap these mains. Water from Little Falls Branch was ad- mitted in 1859 and from the Potomac in 1863. 2020 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Money for the construction of the Conduit Road, built to afford ready access to all parts of the aqueduct, was first appropriated by the act of July 15, 1870. The work was completed in 1875. The dam at Great Falls was extended to the Virginia shore in 1886 in compliance with the act of July 15, 1882, and it was raised in 1896 in compliance with the act of March 2, 1895. The water from Little Falls Branch became polluted and was excluded from the sysein in 1895, in accordance with the act of March 2, 1895. Commencing with funds appropriated by the act of July 15, 1882, a tunnel about 10 feet in diameter and 4 miles long was gradually built from the Georgetown Reservoir to McMillan Park, near the Howard University Grounds, where a new distributing reservoir was built. This work was completed in 1902. In 1905 the entire distribution system was turned over to the gov- ernment of the District of Columbia, subject to certain restrictions. Under the authority of the act of March 3, 1899, an investigation was made into the subject of filtering the water supply. Commenc- ing with the appropriation made by the act of June 6, 1900, the con- struction of a slow sand filtration plant was prosecuted, and this plant was put in operation in 1905. With a view to providing clear water at times of high turbidity in the supply, a coagulating plant was built, as authorized by :the act of May 18, 1910. Georgetown Reservoir was also remodeled as a settling basin, as authorized by the act of March 2, 1911, and again put in operation in 1913. Commencing with the act of May 18, 1910, appropriations were made for metering various Government services. The total expenditures on the entire system to June 30, 1919, in- cluding outstanding liabilities, were $14,252,078.49, of which $11,516,- 594.33 was for construction and $2,735,484.16 was for maintenance and operation. EXISTING PROJECT. The existing project provides for the care, maintenance, and oper- ation of the system, up to the point where the water is delivered to the cast-iron mains at the east shaft gatehouse, and also for the care and maintenance of the Conduit Road, McMillan Park, and the meters on the various Government services. OPERATIONS DURING FISCAL YEAR. Operations during the year were carried on under the following heads: 1. MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION. The usual routine operations were carried on. The purification of the water was very satisfactory. The average turbidity was re- duced from 221 to 0, and the bacterial content from 3,790 to 10 per cubic centimeter. The average consumption was 65.26 million gal- lons per day, making the average per capita consumption 156 gallons per day. The work was done by hired labor and the expenditures, including outstanding liabilities, were $131,000. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2021 2. EMERGENCY FUND. No expenditures were made from the $5,Q00 appropriated for this purpose for this year. Payment in full was made from the emergency appropriation for 1918 to the Skinner Engine Co. for furnishing and installing a new unit to replace the generator that was burned out last year. The expenditure under this appropriation was $3,915.55. 3. METERING GOVERNMENT SERVICES. Meters were purchased for and installed on the services to the Coast and Geodetic Survey, congressional power plant, courthouse, Court of Claims, General Land Office, House Office Building, Medical Museum, Patent Office, Pension Office, Potomac Park, Senate Office Building, Washington Monument, White House, and 92 parks and reservations. The work was done by hired labor and the expendi- tures, including outstanding liabilities, were $32,000. The district engineer points out the impossibility of determining in advance the needs of the District without records as to the con- sumption in Federal buildings, and also the difficulty of fixing the. responsibility for the waste of water where large consumers have a wholly unmeasured supply. Due to the high cost and scarcity of both labor and materials it was found impossible to completely meter all Government services within the sum of $32,000, as was the expectation when the Annual Report for 1918 was submitted. It is estimated that $9,600 will be needed to complete the work and that sum was appropriated by the act approved July 11, 1919. CONSUMPTION OF WATER AT GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. The district engineer invites attention to the consumption of water at the Government Printing Office. The quantity used for the fiscal year 1919 averaged 2,527,300 gallons per day. The reason for this large figure is that the engines in use at the Government Printing Office use filtered water for condensing pur- poses. This condition can be remedied in several ways. (1) By furnishing the Government Printing Office with power from the new central power plant, which will use river water for condensing. (2) By furnishing the Government Printing Office with power from the Capitol power plant, which uses Anacostia River water for condensing. (3) By the installation of a suitable system of cooling towers in the building. This method is not always entirely satisfactory in operation. Any one of these measures would apparently reduce the consump- tion to a maximum of about 550,000 gallons per day. The cost of the water saved, at 51 cents per 1,000 gallons, would be $108.75 per day, or $39,694 per year, and in addition the District of Columbia would be saved its present heavy expense for pumping condensing water through the sewers. 2022 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 4. PARKING GROUND AROUND M'MILLAN PARK RESERVOIR. Work was continued in accordance with the plans of Frederick Law Olmsted. The work done this year consisted in building 1,019 linear feet. of tarvia-bound macadam road on the dam and at the Fourth Street entrance of McMillan Park. The work under this appropriation was done by hired labor and the expenditures, includ- ing outstanding liabilities, were $3,000. 5. ORDINARY REPAIRS, ETC., CONDUIT ROAD. This work consisted of ordinary repairs to the macadam-road sur- face, grading, opening ditches, and other maintenance of the Con- duit Road. The work was done by hired labor and the expenditures, including outstanding liabilities, were $5,000. 6.. CIVILIAN GUARDS. The work consisted in placing civilian guards at the most vul- nerable points along the Washington Aqueduct and at the filtration plant. The expenditures from this appropriation were $39,157.94. TOTAL EXPENDITURES. The total expenditures, under all the above headings, from the appropriations for this year, including outstanding liabilities, were $210,157.94. In other words, this amount represents the cost for the year of the above works as nearly as it can be determined at the pres- ent time. It may be slightly in error, however, since the outstanding liabilities are-indeterminate in some cases. INCREASE IN THE WATER SUPPLY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. PRESENT SITUATION. Attention must be urgently invited to the need for immediately initiating active measures for the increase of the water supply of the District. of Columbia. Careful computations show that, with the normal increase in the population of the District, the water that can be delivered through the present system will become inadequate by 1925. By that year, therefore, an additional supply line must be completed. The work, under any plan that may be adopted, is one of magnitude, and will require substantially all of the intervening period of time for its execution. Unless a plan is decided upon and sufficient funds appropriated for vigorously prosecuting the work, the District is, therefore, faced with a water shortage in the com- paratively near future. The present supply for the District of Columbia is drawn from the Potomac River at Great Falls, and led by conduit to the Dalecarlia Reservoir; thence by conduit to the Georgetown Reservoir, where a coagulating system removes the greater part of the sediment, and thence by a deep tunnel to the McMillan Park Reservoir, from which it is pumped into the filtration plant there located and after filtra- tion delivered to the city mains. The present line has a limiting capacity of 90,000,000 gallons per day. The filtration plant may WASHINGTON AQUEDUGT. 2023 be given a capacity .of about double this amount by relatively minor additions to the present works. The average daily consumption of water has increased by more than 25 per cent over the average daily consumption of fiscal year 1916. The rate of increase is shown by the following table: Fiscal year. 1916 1917 1918, 1919 Average consumption per day in millions of gallons............ 51.91 53. 81 62. 67 65.26 Average daily per capita consumption, gallons................ 145 149 158 156 The increase in consumption between 1917 and 1918 was due to the abnormal increase in the population of the District incident to the war, and is not a criterion of the expected increase in the future; but a gradual increase in population is obviously to be anticipated. At the prewar rate of increase an average consumption of 75,000,000 gallons per day must be expected in 1925. The actual maximum con- sumption on days in which there is an unusual demand for water may, according to past experience, exceed the yearly average con- sumption by as much as 30 per cent; but the reservoir capacity at the filtration plant will serve to tide over short periods of draft in excess of the capacity of the supply line. By certain additions to the pump- ing plant at the filtration plant, which can be effected at relatively small cost, and the estimates for which are herein presented, the present system can be made to supply a yearly average consumption of 75,000,000 gallons per day, and meet excess daily demands in the relative proportion that experience has shown must be expected. No substantial relief can be secured through the prevention of waste of water, for measures securing such prevention have already been taken. Had they not been, the consumption at the present day would be much in excess of the capacity of the present supply system. It is true that by means of emergency measures that have been suggested, such as by pumping from the Potomac directly into the Dalecarlia Reservoir, an added quantity of water can be forced through the present supply line, and the construction of a new line deferred for a considerable period. Such measures would, however, merely defer and not obviate the need for an additional supply. There are very weighty reasons why they should not be deliberately resorted to. In any of the emergency pumping plans that have been proposed the additional water to be delivered must pass through long sections of the present supply line. Even under present conditions, the con- sumption of water is so large in proportion to the available reservoir capacity that water can not be shut off from any portion of the line for a sufficient time to permit unwatering and repairs; and the failure of an important structure would cause a water famine. All parts of the line are now in good condition, so far as can be ascertained; but the situation, while perhaps not immediately dangerous, is one which can not but cause uneasiness on the part of those responsible for the water supply of the District. This condition should not be oontinued longer than is necessary to provide a duplicate line. It 2024 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. would be aggravated rather than mitigated by any of the emergency measures that have been suggested. PROJECTS FOR PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT. Three projects for permanently increasing the water supply of the District have been presented to Congress. Each provides for practi- cally doubling the present supply capacity. They may be designated: (1) The power project. (2) The parallel conduit project. (3) The Patuxent project. (1) The power project.-This project is recommended in a report presented to Congress in 1913 and ,printed in House Document No. 1400, Sixty-second Congress, third session. It embraces: (a) The construction of a high dam in the Potomac River about one-third mile above the Chain Bridge. (b) The generation of power by utilizing the head so created and the trans- mission and distribution of the power. (c) Increasing the water supply by pumping to Dalecarlia Reservoir from the pool formed by the dam. (d) Enlarging the capacity of delivery between Dalecarlia Reservoir and the filtration plant by constructing new and parallel conduits and tunnels. The cost of the dam and appurtenant power development, land, flowage rights, and damages, exclusive of the works necessary for pumping water to the Dalecarlia Reservoir, and exclusive of the relocation of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, which might be omitted if considerations of contamination of water supply were disregarded, is, under present conditions, estimated at $16,923,000. The cost of the works for pumping water to the Dalecarlia Reser- voir, of the relocation of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, and of the new conduits and tunnel from the Dalecarlia Reservoir to the filtra- tion plant, with the necessary changes thereat, is estimated, under present conditions, at $11,847,000. The total initial expenditure to be met before water can be supplied from the power project is, therefore, $28,770,000 at the present prices of material and labor. (2) The parallel conduit project.-This project has been long con- sidered, and was recommended as an alternative to the power project in the report thereon, should the latter not be adopted. It is further reported upon in House Document 347, Sixty-first Congress, second session. It embraces the construction of a supply line paralleling and duplicating the present conduit and tunnels throughout. As now presented a reservoir near the head works at Great Falls, previously contemplated, is omitted, experience having proved that such reser- voir is unnecessary. The initial cost of its construction, under present conditions, is estimated at $9,128,720. (3) The Patuxent project.-The Patuxent project is described in House Document No. 1266, Sixty-second Congress, third session. It embraces the construction of a masonry dam across the Patuxent River near the Columbia Turnpike to form an impounding reservoir approximately 2,700 acres in extent, a sedimentation reservoir near the impounding reservoir, and a pressure pipe line to deliver water by gravity to the present filtration plant. The total initial expendi- ture, under present prices, is estimated at $11,955,300, including the acquisition of lands, erection of compensatory highway structures, and damages. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2025 The itemized estimates for the several projects are as follows: Estimated cost of power project. Chargeable to power development: Spillway dam ----------------------------- $5, 070, 200 Intake dam and powerhouse, etc., and all machinery except "pumps and their motors" and "force main " _, mn------------------------------- 8,095,300 8,095,300 Relocation of electric railway ___________- -- -- 161, 200 Relocation of-Baltimore & Ohio Branch----------- 146, 300 Land and water rights_____________________ 3, 450, 000 Total -------------------------------------------- $16,923, 000 Chargeable to water supply: "Pumps and their motors" and " force main "___ 101, 200 Relocation of Chesapeake & Ohio Canal----------4, 008, 600 Intercepting sewer____________________________ 2, 703, 200 Inlet gatehouse, Dalecarlia-----------------------87, 600 By-conduit, Dalecarlia_ ------------------------- 156, 900 Outlet gatehouse, Dalecarlia_______________ __ 138, 400 Conduit, Dalecarlia to Georgetown ________-___-- - 508, 900 Inlet gatehouse, Georgetown Reservoir 800 7------------ 79, By-conduit, Georgetown Reservoir________________ 109, 400 Gatehouse, outlet, Georgetown Reservoir---------- 99,200 Tunnel Georgetown Reservoir to McMillan Park Reservoir --------------------------------- 2,878, 300 Gatehouse, McMillan Park Reservoir-------------- 74, 500 Changes, pumping station, filtration plant--------- 135, 000 Changes, piping, filtration plant..----------------- 300, 000 New filtered water reservoir, filtration plant------ 466, 000 Total chargeable to water supply_______ -11,847, ______---- 000 Grand total cost of project___________ _______-____ - 28, 770, 000 Nor.-Each of the above items includes 15 per cent for engineering and contingencies. Estimated cost of parallel conduit project for 10-foot reinforced concrete conduit and 10-foot tunnels. Gatehouse at Great Falls____________________---________ $107, 430 Tunnel from Great Falls to Angler's Club _____________------- -. 1, 284, 000 Conduit from Angler's Club to Dalecarlia Reservoir- ___----___ 2,703,290 Gatehouse at Dalecarlia Reservoir inlet- ----- 87, 600 By-conduit at Dalecarlia Reservoir ----- 156, 900 Gatehouse at Dalecarlia Reservoir outlet_--. .________---------- 138, 400 Conduit between Dalecarlia and Georgetown Reservoirs __________ 508, 900 Gatehouse at Georgetown Reservoir inlet ______-- ___------79, 800 By-conduit at Georgetown Reservoir._______-----______---__ 109, 400 Gatehouse at Georgetown Re ervoir outlet --- __-------___ -99, 200 Tunnel between Georgetown and McMillan Park Reservoirs ------- 2,878,300 Gatehouse at McMillan Park Reservoir ______________ _ 74, 500 Changes in pumping station at filtration plant ______________-___ 135, 000 Changes in piping at filtration plant_________________________- 300, 000 New filtered water reservoir at filtration plant ______________----466, 000 Total --------------------------------------------- 9, 128, 720 NoTE.-Each of the above items includes 15 per cent for engineering and contingencies. Annual charges over and above those for existing system. Interest on $9,128,720 at 5 per cent__------------------ $456, 400 Extra maintenance and operation of pumps at McMillan Park_.___ 40, 000 Depreciation on extra pumping plant at McMillan Park, $135,000, at 3A per cent----------__---------------------------------- 4, 500 500, 900 2026 . REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Estimated cost of Patuxent project. Land for reservoir-__-___ __------ $805, 000 Clearing ------------------------------------------------- 154, 600 Land for conduit ------------------------------------------ 195, 100 Tunnel---- --------------------------------------------- 2, 162, 000 Steel pipe line -------------------------------------------- 167, 400 Lock-joint pipe-------------------- 2,207, 800 Excavation ----------------------------------------------- 334, 600 Back filling ----------------------------------------------- 334, 600 Culverts --------------------------------------------- 172, 500 Dam, spillway intake, and appurtenances----------------- 1,449, 000 Coagulating basin and appurtenance --------------------------- 822, 300 Water rights and damages----------------------------------353, 100 Bridges and roads------- -------------------------------- 1, 55, 100 Gatehouses ------------------------------------------------ 57, 500 Telephone line----- ---------------------------------------- 13, 800 Borings and explorations_ - -_____-_______--- -___- 8, 100 Fencing around reservoir--- ---- __---------___ - __-_ 346, 800 Changes to pumping station at filtration plant--------------------- 90, 000 Changes to pipe lines at filtration plant-------------------------300, 000 New filtered water reservoir ________-__--_______466, 000 Total -------------------------------------------- 11, 955, 300 (NOTE.-Each of the above items includes 15 per cent for engineering and contingencies.) Annual charges over and above those for existing system. Interest on $11,955,300, at 5 per cent------ ------- ------------- $597, 800 Maintenance and operation----- -------------- 20, 000 Maintenance of roads -------- ------------------------- 1, 200 Total 6-------------------------- COMPARISON-OF COST OF THE PATUXENT PROJECT WITH THAT OF THE PARALLEL-CONDUIT PROJECT. On the basis of cost the Patuxent project involves a somewhat larger expenditure than the parallel conduit project. Construction cost: Patuxent project ____________________ $11, 955, 300 Parallel conduit project----------------------------- 9, 128, 720 Annual charges: Patuxent project----- --------------------------- --- 619, 000 Parallel conduit project----- -------------------------- 500, 900 Comparison of the projects.-All three of these projects may be considered meritorious. Any one of them would afford the District of Columbia a supply of water ample in quantity for many years, and of thoroughly satisfactory quality so long as present conditions con- tinue, perhaps for an indefinite period. As has been pointed out, however, a choice between them must now be made, for it is essen- tial that work be begun. Congress has before it at this time a bill (II. R. 1713) providing for the appointment of a commission to inves- tigate and report upon the available sources of water supply for the District. Without prejudice to any finding that such a commission, if authorized, may make, the Chief of Engineers believes that the urgency of the case demands an analysis of the relative merits of the projects and his recommendation as to that which should be adopted. The power project is by far the most costly of the three, and neither in quality nor in quantity is the supply more desirable than that WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2027 secured by the parallel-conduit project. In fact, the diversion is from a lower point in the Potomac, and is consequently more exposed to- pollution. The estimated cost of the water-supply element of the project is in fact greater than the cost of the supply by the parallel project, due to the included cost of the relocation of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, which was deemed desirable in the interest of the purity of the water rather than necessary to meet the needs of navi- gation of the canal, and the cost of an intercepting sewer to safe- guard the pool against contamination from the sewers of the rapidly growing population between Great Falls and the proposed dam. The omission of the water-supply feature from the power project would not substantially alter the considerations leading to the adop- tion or rejection of the project for the development of power. If either parallel-conduit project or the Patuxent project be in the meanwhile adopted and constructed, the power project could be exe- cuted without expensive measures to safeguard the purity of the water in the pool. However desirable may have been the power proj- ect as a means for increasing the water supply as viewed in 1913, sub- sequent developments are such that it no longer offers the most desir- able means for increasing the water supply. There remains the consideration of the relative merits of the parallel-conduit project and of the Patuxtent project. In first cost the parallel-conduit project is the cheaper by an amount estimated at $2,825,000, at present prices, and the annual cost, including inter- est operation, maintenance, and depreciation, is less by an amount estimated at $119,000. The actual operating and maintenance cost is, however, estimated at about $1.8,800 more for the parallel-conduit project than for the Patuxent project, on account of the fact that pumping is required on the former. The construction of the parallel- conduit project requires the acquisition of little if any land, and the plans have been completely developed. It has the merit that the completion of any portion of the line between two reservoirs will serve to immediately increase the available supply of water, and remove the present hazard of the consequences of a breakdown in that link, provided that the destruction of one line does not involve the other. The Patuxent project has not been completely studied in the de- tail of its structures nor in the precise alignment that is most desir- able in the conduit line. An enabling act of the Maryland legisla- ture is necessary before the source of supply can be utilized. No re- lief can be secured through the system until the work has been prac- tically completed. On the other hand, the water would be softer in quality, and is secured from a watershed of restricted area, not subject to sources of extensive pollution. The whole question, therefore, is whether a better quality of water from the Patuxent system, and the security afforded by such an en- tirely separate line, will justify the added cost of that system. The water from the Patuxent watershed is on the average fifty parts per million softer than the water from the Potomac. The money value of this feature to the users of the water was estimated in an appen- dix to the report on the project at a capitalized value of over $4,000,- 000 (Appendix B, H. Doc. 1266, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). Too much as- 2028 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. surance can not, perhaps, be given to the actual money value of so relatively intangible a benefit, but such is the estimate of a specialist on water supply. In the view of the chief of engineers, a possibly more weighty" consideration exists. The present supply of water, and the added supply to be secured from the parallel conduit project, is drawn from the Potomac River above the limits of the District, and above any considerable suburban settlement, either present or now prospective. The valley of the Potomac has no large industrial development, and the water is so little contaminated by sewage or industrial wastes that it may be readily and efficiently purified at the filtration plant. There is, however, no guarantee that this con- dition will continue. There are large possibilities for the develop- ment of power along the river, manufacturing sites exist at con- venient localities, the territory has adequate railroad transportation, and it is far from impossible that another generation may see the valley of the Potomac developed into a manufacturing region, with a conisiderable population, and with factories discharging trade wastes in large quantities into the stream. Those familiar with the mere appearance of the rivers in manufacturing regions need no analysis of the amount of pollution that they receive. It is impossi- ble to foretell whether the Potomac will or will not be so polluted in the future; but it is believed the part of wisdom in expending a large sum for a permanent increase of the water supply of the Dis- trict of Columbia, to go to a source that runs no danger of future pollution. The Patuxent is such a source, as its watershed is agricultural land, not subject to intensive cultivation, close settlement or manufactur- ing development. This condition, however, may not last indefinitely, and, if the Potomac should now be decided upon as the source of supply and itspollution occur, the conditions in the Patuxent valley might have become so changed as to render that a less desirable source of supply than if it is now acquired and protected from future contamination. The security to be attained by an entirely independent supply line is a further consideration leading toward the choice of the Patuxent as an additional source of supply. In the proposed parallel project the present and new conduits would be in close proximity throughout the greater portion of their course. The destructive effect of the escape of large volumes of water is enormous, and if an accident occurred in one of the lines or if one were maliciously destroyed, there would be great danger that the other line would be involved in the disaster. The proximity of the lines would moreover make easier their simultaneous intentional destruction. There seems to be no question that the construction of the Patuxent project would be preferable in assuring the "fullest measure of safety to the supply line. For these reasons the Chief of Engineers believes that the choice of the Patuxent project for adoption and immediate prosecution is justifiable, notwithstanding the difference in cost. This conclusion is reached only from the viewpoint of broad public policy, that large sums should not be expended in works for securing WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2029 water from a source as inherently liable to pollution as is the Poto- mac. But the final decision as to matters of public policy rests with Congress, and this conclusion is not to be understood as a ground for rejection of either of the other projects that have been submitted for the permanent increase of the water supply, if Congress or a com- mission appointed by that body should deem them worthy of favor- able consideration. RECOMMENDATIONS. It is urgently recommended that an appropriation of $90,000 be made for the installation of additional pumping facilities at the filtration plant, in order that sufficient water may be secured from the present system to supply the District until an additional supply system may be constructed. It is further urgently recommended that a decision as to the choice of a project for the additional supply of water be arrived at, and that funds for beginning the work be appropriated. Whatever the choice, the sum of $2,500,000 may be profitably expended as a first appro- priation. The Chief of Engineers submits his views, without prejudice to any other competent finding in the matter, that broad questions of public policy justify the adoption of the Patuxent project. as the most desirable for adoption, and, that this project may be adopted= without further investigation. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. (a) Funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, by the District of Columbia appropriation act, approved July 11, 1919, will be used as follows: For operation, including salaries of all necessary, employees, maintenance, and repair of Washington Aqueduct and its accessories, McMillan Park Reser- voir, Washington Aqueduct Tunnel, the filtration plant, the plant for the pre- liminary treatment of the water supply, authorized water meters on Federal services, -vehicles, and for each and every purpose connected therewith, $140,000. For ordinary repairs, grading, opening ditches, and other maintenance of Conduit Road, $5,000. For emergency fund, to be used only in case of a serious break requiring im- mediate repair in one of the more important aqueduct or filtration.plant struc- tures, such as a dam, conduit, tunnel, bridge, building, or important piece of machinery, $5,000. For completing the purchase, installation, and maintenance of water meters, to be placed on the water services to the United States buildings, reservations, or grounds in the District of Columbia and for each and every purpose con- nected therewith, $9,600. (b) The estimate of funds required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, is as follows: 2030 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Objects of expenditure. Estimated, Appropriated, 1921. 1920. -I- Foroperation, including salaries of allnecessary employees, maintenance, and repair of Washington Aqueduct and its accessories, McMilian Park Reservoir, Washington Aqueduct tunnel, the filtration plant, the plant for the preliminary treatment of the water supply, authorized water meters on Federal services, vehicles, and for each and every purpose connected therewith including not exceeding $90,000 for purchase and installation of additional pumping equipment at the filtration plant (increase of $93,000 submitted) ............... .. $233,000 $140, 000 For ordinary repairs, grading, opening ditches, and other maintenance of Conduit Road.................. .... ............ . 5, 000 5,000 For emergency fund, to be used only in case of a serious break requiring immediate repair in one of the more important aqueduct or filtration plant structures, such as a dam, conduit, tunnel, bridge, building, or important piece of machinery; all expenditures from this appropria- tion shall be reported in detail to Congress .... ................ 5,000 5,000 Total............ ......................... ........................ 243,000 1 159, 600 Nothing herein shall be construed as affecting the superintendence and control of the Secretary of War over the Washington Aqueduct, its rights, appurtenances, and fixtures connected with the same and over appropriations and expenditures therefor as now provided by law. For commencing work on the project for securing an additional water supply for the District of Columbia from the Patuxent River as out- lined in House Document No. 1266, Sixty-second Congress, third session, including the acquisition, by purchase or condemnation, of the necessary land and water rights, $2,600,000, to be available until expended, and to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War, Provided, That the Secretary of War may enter into a contract or contracts for such materials and work as may be necessary to complete the said project, to be paid for as appropriations may from time to time be made by law, not to exceed inthe aggregate $9,355,300 exclusive of the amount herein appropriated.... ..................... $2,600,000 .. 1 Includes $9,600 appropriated for completing the purchase and installation of water meters on Federal services, not shown in table. Financialsummary. Statement of expenditures on all projects to June 80, 1919. Investiga- Metering Washington Purification tion of Govern- Aqueduct. plant. additional ment Total. supply. services. Appropriated to June 30, 1919....... Reverted to Treasury or held in $9,924,231.81 $4,'495, 334.16 $33,000.00 $56,450.00 $14, 509,015.97 reversion fund.... ............. 111, 322.01 164, 431.95 1.00 1,553.59 277,308.55 Expended, including outstanding liabilities 1. .................... 9, 833,280.87 4, 330, 902.21 32, 999.00 54, 896. 41 14, 252, 078. 49 For construction.................... 7,919, 737.21 3,508,961.71 32,999.00 54, 896.41 11,516,594.33 .For maintenance and operation...... 1, 913, 543.66 821,940. 50 .................. 2, 735, 484.16 Paid by United States............. 6,558,820.83 2,165, 451.105 16,499.50 9,648.23 8,750,419.665 Paid by District of Columbia........ 2, 748, 516.26 2,165, 451.105 16, 499.50 9,648.23 4, 940,115.095 Paid by water department, District of Columbia ................... .. 525,943.78 ........................ 35, 599.95 561,543.73 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. For fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................... $4, 000.00 $3, 000.00 $3,000.00 3 $2,625.43 3 $3,000.00 Expended for maintenance 2........... 151,175.10 148, 757.92 138,000.00 3204,160.41 3 175,157.94 Total expended 2.................. 155,175.10 151,757.92 141, 000.00 3206,785.84 8178,157.94 Appropriated or allotted ................. 159, 500.00 155, 940.92 146, 000.00 217, 000.00 218, 000.00 1Not deducting $15,651.39 received from sale of land, etc., and $4,719.68 interest on claim of Maloney & Gleason. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8 Including outstanding liabilities. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2031 Financial summary-Continued. METERING GOVERNMENT SERVICES. For fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work................ $2,883.29 .................... 1 $3,599.95 1 $32,000.00 Appropriated or allotted................4, 300. 00 ................. 3,600.00 32, 000. 00 1 Including outstanding liabilities. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1917, MAINTENANCE. July 1, 1918, no balance. WASHINGTON,. D. C., 1918, MAINTENANCE. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended --------------------------- $27, 763. 26 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year ----------- 26, 343. 33 July 1, 1919, balance---------------------------------- 1, 419. 93 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1919, MAINTENANCE. Amount appropriated by act approved Aug. 31, 1918 ------------ $141, 000.00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year _____ __ ___ 112, 681. 95 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ .... _____- ______ 28, 318. 05 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_------------------ 18, 318. 05 July 1, 1919, balance--------------------------- ----- 10, 000. 00 EMERGENCY FUND, 1917. July 1, 1918, no balance, as the funds were reappropriated and made available for fiscal year 1918 by act approved March 3, 1917. EMERGENCY FUND, 1918. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended _____ ___________ __----- $5, 000. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year______---- 3, 915. 55 July 1, 1919, balance ---------------------------------- 1, 084. 45 EMERGENCY FUND, 1919. Amount appropriated by act approved Aug. 31, 1918__--___.... $5, 000. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year_, . - July 1, 1919, balance unexpended--- ------- - 5, 000. 00 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ .......... July 1, 1919, balance ---------------------------------- 5, 00. 00 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1917, METERING GOVERNMENT SERVICES. No appropriation. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D, C., 1918, METERING GOVERNMENT SERVICES: July 1, 1918, balance unexpended--- ...... --- .--- ___-- $1, 237. 71 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year-------------- 1, 237. 66 July 1, 1919, balance--_----- -------- .05 125851-ENG 1919----128 2032 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1919, METERING GOVERNMENT SERVICES. Amount appropriated by act approved Aug. 31, 1918------------- $32,000. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year---------- - 26, 282. 88 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_- ---------------------- 5, 717. 12 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 5,717. 12 July 1, 1919, balance------- ---------------------- ---------- WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1917, PARKING GROUNDS, M'MILLAN PARK RESERVOIR. July 1, 1918, no balance. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1918, PARKING GROUNDS, M'MILLAN PARK RESERVOIR. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended--------------------------- $1, 589.29 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year- -- L-.214. 72 1, July 1, 1919, balance-__---------------------------- 374. 57 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1919, PARKING GROUNDS, M'MILLAN PARK RESERVOIR. Amount appropriated by act approved Aug. 31, 1918--- $3, 000. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year-- ---------- 2, 317.39 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended- --------------------------- 682. 61 .6----. July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities-----.... . .... 682. 61 July 1, 1919, balance --------------------------------- ---------- WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1917, ORDINARY REPAIRS, ETC., CONDUIT ROAD. July 1, 1918, no balance. WASHINGTON_ AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1918, ORDINARY REPAIRS, ETC., CONDUIT ROAD. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended---------------------------- $1, 430. 66 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year --------- 1, 425.26 July 1, 1919, balance---------------------------------------- 5.40 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1919, ORDINARY REPAIRS, ETC., CONDUIT ROAD. Amount appropriated by act approved Aug. 31, 1918 ----------- $5,000.00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year--- 5,000. 00 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended..------------------------- --- WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1917, LINING TUNNELS. No appropriation. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1918, LINING TUNNELS. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended__--------- --------------- $7, 329. 81 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year.___________.......... July 1, 1919, balance--------------------------------------- 7, 329. 81 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1919, LINING TUNNELS. No appropriation. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1..917, CIVILIAN GUARDS. No separate appropriation. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2033 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1918, CIVILIAN GUARDS. No separate appropriation. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1918, CIVILIAN GUARDS. Amount appropriated by act approved Aug. 31, 1918-- $----- -$64, 000. 00 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year__---------- 39,157. 94 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended__-___--------------- 24, 842. 06 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities_ ------ July 1, 1919, balance -------------------------------------- 24, 842. 06 Amount appropriated by act approved July 11, 1919: Washington Aqueduct---------------------__ 150, 000. 00 Metering Government services- --- __--9, 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended it fiscal year ending dune 30, 1921: Washington Aqueduct (maintenance) -...- 243,000. 00, Additional water supply (new work)----------------- 2, 600, 000. 00 IMPROVEMENT AND CARE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONU- MENT, CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE HIGHWAY BRIDGE ACROSS THE POTOMAC RIVER, D. C., AND THE ERECTION OF MONUMENTS, MEMORIALS, ETC., WASHINGTON, D. C. Officer in charge.-Col. C. S. Ridley, United States Army. CREATION OF OFFICE AND DUTIES OF OFFICER IN CHARGE. The Office of Public Buildings and Grounds was created in pursu- ance of the following legislation: By the act of July 16, 1790 (1 Stats., p, 130), Congress authorized the Presi- dent to appoint three commissioners to lay out a district or territory for the permanent seat of the Government of the United States, and directed the com- missioners to provide suitable buildings for the Congress, for the President, and for the public offices of the Government. The district laid out under this authority was called by the commissioners the Territory of Columbia, and the efederal city the city of Washington. (Letter of commissioners to L'Enfant, Sept. 9, 1791.) By the act of May 1, 1802 (2 Stats., p. 175), the offices of the commissioners were abolished and their duties devolved upon a superintendent, to be appointed by the President of the United States. Section 5 of the act of April 29, 1816 (3 Stats., p. 324), abolished the office of superintendent and devolved his duties upon a commissioner of public buildings. Section 2 of the act of March 2, 1867 (14 Stats., p. 466), abolished the office of commissioner of public buildings and devolved his duties upon the Chief of Engineers, as follows: "That the office of commissioner of public buildings is hereby abolished, and the Chief Engineer of the Army shall perform all the duties now required by law of said commissioner, and shall also have the super- intendence of the Washington Aqueduct and all the public works and improve- ments of the Government of the United States in the District of Columbia, unless otherwise provided by law." The transfer of duties provided by this legislation was made under orders of the Chief of Engineers contained in letter dated March 13, 1867. In deficiency act approved March 29, 1867 (15 Stats., p. 9), it was provided that the several sums of money heretofore appropriated, to be expended under the direction of the commissioners of public buildings, be transferred to and expended under the direction of the Chief Engineer of the Army or such officer of the Engineer Corps as he may direct. 2034 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. In deficiency act approved March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., p. 535), it was provided that "the officer in charge of the public buildings and grounds shall have the rank, pay, and emolument of a colonel." The duties now assigned to the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds are as follows: 1. Maintenance, care, and repair of the Executive Mansion, grounds, and greenhouses (pp. 2034 and 3818). 2. Improvements, policing, care, and maintenance of various parks and reser- vations in the District of Columbia (pp. 2036 and 3820). 3. i iutive and disbursing officer, Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Com- mission (pp. 2051 and 3840). 4. Care and maintenance of the Washington National Monument (pp. 2051 and 3841). 5. Statues and their pedestals (pp. 2052 and 3842). 6. Care and maintenance of the propagating gardens (pp. 2053 and 3842). 7. Care of the building No. 516 Tenth Street NW., where Abraham Lincoln died (pp. 2053 and 3843). 8. The inspection of buildings occupied by the War Department in the Dis- trict of Columbia, except State, War, and Navy Departments Building (pp. 2053 and 3843). 9. Superintendent State, War, and Navy Departments Building (pp. 2054 and 3845). 10. Care and repair of the Government telegraph line connecting various Government buildings (pp. 2054 and 3845). 11. Care and maintenance of the Highway Bridge across the Potomac River, D. C. (pp. 2054 and 3845). 12. Furnishing and planting trees, shrubs, etc., in the grounds of the Library of Congress, of the Capitol, and of executive departments (pp. 2055 and 3846). 13. Supervision of the Government wharf property on the Potomac River (pp. 2055 and 3847). 14. Care of the monument and wharf a t Wakefield, Va., the birthplace of Washington (pp, 2056 and 3847). Executive and disbursing officer of the following commissions: 15. Grant Memorial Commission (pp. 2056 and 3848). 16. Barry Statue Commission (pp. 2056 and 3848). 17. Executive and disbursing officer Ericsson Memorial Commission (pp. 2056 and 3848). 18. Lincoln Memorial Commission (pp. 2057 and 3849). 19. Member and executive officer of the commission to prepare plans and estimates for an armory for the National Guard of the District of Columbia (pp. 2057 and 3849). 20. Secretary, executive, and disbursing officer of the National Commission of Fine Arts (pp. 2057 and 3849). 21. Executive disbursing officer of Commission on Memorial to Women of the Civil War (pp. 2057 and 3849). 22. Executive and disbursing officer, Arlington Memorial Amphitheater Com- mission (pp. 2058 and 3850). 23. Erection of the monument to Francis Scott Key and others (pp. 2058 and 3851). 24. Executive and disbursing officer, Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission (pp. 2058 and 3851). 25. Member Public Buildings Commission (p. 3852). 26. Military aid to the President. FOR THE DISTRICT OFFICER'S REPORT, GIVING ADDITIONAL DETAILS, SEE PAGES 3817 TO 3854. 1. MAINTENANCE, CARE, AND REPAIR OF THE EXECUTIVE MANSION, GROUNDS, AND GREENHOUSES. la. The Executive Mansion.-The maintenance, care, and repair of the Executive Mansion were assigned to the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds under the authority contained in the act of March 2, 1867, cited above. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2035 This office is charged with the care and repair of the building and its furniture, which are maintained in the best possible condition. The mansion was remodeled in 1902 at a cost of $475,445, as author- ized by act of June 28, 1902 (36 Stats., p. 460). A report of this work is published as Senate Document No. 197, Fifty-seventh Con- gress, second session. The mansion is heated by hot water and steam, furnished by boilers in the basement of the building. The lighting system is entirely electrical, the current being provided from the electric plant in the State, War, and Navy Departments Building. In accordance with the requirements of the act of June 25, 1910 (36 Stats., p. 775), an inventory is made annually of all public property in and belonging to the mansion. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, in addition to the usual work required for care and maintenance, a new hot-water tank was installed in the engine room and the entire exterior of the mansion, including the roof and the east and west terraces, was painted. Considerable painting was done in the interior. The walls of the Blue parlor were covered with new silk rep. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $69,546.40, including the cost of heating and lighting. There are no data available from which the total expenditures to June 30, 1919, can be stated. lb. Executive Office Building.-This building adjoins the west end of the west terrace of the Executive Mansion. It was con- structed' in 1902 uinder -authrity of thef act of Congress approved June 28, 1902, at a cost of $65,196. Subsequent additions were made under authority of the sundry civil appropriation act approved March 4, 1909, and urgent deficiency appropriation act approved August 5, 1905, at a total cost of $53,500. A description and view of the building are published in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for 1903, page 2253, and for 1910, page 2657. The work of the fiscal year consisted in making minor repairs to the building, including painting the exterior and the roof and some interior painting and to the care of its lighting and plumbing fix- tures and heating apparatus. The expenditures during the year are included in paragraph la above. lc. Grounds of the Executive Mansion.-These grounds comprise the park of 18.5 acres surrounding the mansion. A general descrip- tion of the grounds, fountains, etc., is published in the Annual Re- ports of the Chief of Engineers, 1903, pages 2525 and 2526, and for 1905, pages 2757 to 2761. The care and maintenance of these grounds were assigned to the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds under the authority granted by the act of March 2, 1867, cited above. They are lighted by current furnished fiom the electric plant in the State, War, and Navy Departments Building. The work of the fiscal year consisted of caring for the lawns, roads, walks, and gutters, pruning and caring for the trees and shrubs, planting and caring for flower beds. The macadam driveway at the north front was treated with glutrin. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $5,000. There are no data available from which the total expenditures to June 30, 1919, can be stated. 2036 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Id. Greenhouses,Executive Mansion.-These houses are situated in the propagating gardens south of the Washington Monument. They were originally located on the west side of the mansion, whence they were removed to their present location in 1902. They comprise 16 separate houses, with the necessary heating and ventilating apparatus. During the fiscal year necessary care was extended to the large col- lection of plants. Cut flowers were raised and regularly furnished to the Executive Mansion. Miscellaneous repairs, including painting, were made to the various structures and to their heating apparatus. The amount expended during the year was $12,000, not including the cost of heating. There are no data available from which the total expenditures to June 30, 1918, can be stated. 2. PARKS AND PUBLIC RESERVATIONS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. For purposes of administration all the parks under the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds are divided into four divisions, viz: (1) Northwest division: All west of North Capitol Street and north of B Street. (2) Southwest division: All west of North and South Capitol Streets and south of B Street north, except Potomac Park and the Monument Grounds. (3) East division: All east of North and South Capitol Streets. (4) Potomac Park division: Including also the Monument Grounds. (5) Rock Creek Park division: Including also the Piney Branch Parkway. On July 1,-1918, the total number of these parks was 439, with a total area of a little over 1,227 acres. During the year one park, Rock Creek Park, and one small park space were added. One park space was transferred to the Commissioners of the District of Co- lumbia for playground purposes. These changes made a net gain of 1,629.48 acres, and gave a total of 440 parks and 2,747 acres on June 30, 1919. The latest printed data covering a description and area, with map showing locations, of reservations was given in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, pages 3295-3314. The jurisdiction of the Chief of Engineers with respect to the park system of the District of Columbia is defined by the act approved July 1, 1898 (30 :Stats., p. 570). The Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915 contains, on pages 1662 and 1663, a table giving data concerning the more important parks. IMPROVEMENTS IN PARKS. Page. Page. 2A. Meridian Hill Park--_____ 2037 2D. Potomac Park, West .- __- - 2041 2 B. Montrose Park------------ 2038 2E. Potomac Park, East __-_--- 2042 2c. High Service Reservoir 2F. Rock Creek Park ---------- 2043 Park -__-- - 2039 I 2G. Willow Tree Park_---- 2045 PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMIBIA. 2037 2A. MERIDIAN HILL PARK. Location and description.-MeridianHill Park is located between Fifteenth and Sixteenth, W and Euclid Streets, NW. It is about 1,425 feet in length, with a width of about 443 feet at the widest (or southern) part and about 273 feet at the narrowest (or northern) part. It contains approximately 11.42 acres. It was acquired by the Secretary of the Interior, under authority contained in the public building act approved June 25, 1910, which provided for its pur- chase or condemnation for the purpose of providing a reservation for a public park, which, when acquired, should become a part of the park system of the District of Columbia under the control of the ,Chief of Engineers, United States Army. The general deficiency act for 1911, approved March 4, 1911, appropriated $490,000 for pur- chasing the land. On June 7, 1912, the Secretary of the Interior notified the Secretary of War that certain of the parcels had been acquired and paid for. The acquirement of the entire tract was completed in September, 1912. Original condition.--efore acquirement by the United States the tract consisted of building squares divided into many separate lots, those fronting on Fifteenth Street and Euclid Street being improved by small buildings, some in a dilapidated condition, many of which were occupied by tenants when the Government came into possession of the property. At about the middle of the west (Sixteenth Street) side the ground consists of a bank, about 49 feet in height at the highest point. This slopes off to almost the grade of the public side- walk at the north (Euclid Street) end and the south (W Street) end, the grades along Euclid, Fifteenth, and W Streets being about those of the adjoining streets. Previous projects.-On October 22, 1912, bids were invited for the removal of all the old buildings except an old brick house near the center of the park. A satisfactory proposal was received and their removal authorized by the Chief of Engineers on November 13, 1912, was completed in January, 1913, the cleaning up of the grounds being completed in February. The Government was paid for the old materials. Existing project.-The sundry civil act approved June 23, 1913, appropriated the sum of $2,500 for the preparation of plans looking to the improvement of this park. With this, drawings were prepared showing the plan, elevation, sections, etc. These plans, with esti- mate of cost, were approved by the Chief of Engineers October 12, 1914 (E. D. 85634/28). They contemplate the erection of a lower retaining wall of concrete along the entire Sixteenth Street side of the park and of an upper retaining wall in the center of that side where the bank is the highest; also the improvement of the level plateau of the park by walks, plantings, terraces, gardens, fountains, etc. With the total appropriations of $125,000 provided by Congress for the four fiscal years ended June 30, 1918, the following work has been completed: (a) All except 160 feet of the Sixteenth Street lower retaining wall; (b) the north arched entrance on Sixteenth Street; (c) the entire upper retaining wall on Sixteenth Street; (d) the excavation for the lower arched entrance on Sixteenth Street; (e) grading a portion of the upper level of the park. 2038 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The appropriation for the fiscal year was $25,000. With this, rough g a4ing of the upper level has been completed, walks laid out, water pipe and drain pipes laid for the upper level, planting beds prepared along the Sixteenth Street side, the southern end of the upper retaining wall under- pinned in connection with the large entrance adjacent thereto, con- crete struts and ties installed in connection with the upper retaining wall on Sixteenth Street, and rough excavations made for the pro- posed lower arched entrance on Sixteenth Street opposite a point midway between Belmont Street and Crescent Place. A contract was entered into on June 23, 1919, for constructing an entrance at the north end of the lower retaining wall on Sixteenth Street. Work thereunder had not been started at the close of the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year the project was about 20 per cent complete. The completion of the re- taining walls on Sixteenth Street has made it possible to develop and plant a portion of the upper level. This has been rough graded and a portion of the planting beds prepared ready for plants next fall, when it is hoped that a considerable improvement will be shown. Local cooperation.-None. Effect of improvement.-The Sixteenth Street side of the park, where the retaining walls have been constructed, presents an attrac- tive architectural appearance, and further washing down of the high clay banks on that side of the park has been prevented. Proposed operations.-Itis proposed to use the funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, in continuing the mainte- nance, development, and improvement of the park. It is expected that the following improvement work will be undertaken: On the upper level, a portion of the walks will be laid out, the center panel will be seeded in grass, the two hedges bordering the center panel will be put in, and most of the planting west of the center panel and north of the main terrace; detailed plans, drawings, and specifica- tions will be prepared. 2B. MONTROSE PARK. Location and description.-Montrose Park is located between R and T Streets, Lovers Lane, and Oak Hill Cemetery NW. It contains approximately 16 acres. Original condition.-Before its acquirement by the United States the tract was a private estate improved by an old brick mansion, contiguous to which were a number of old outbuildings, the ground being laid out as a garden, containing large old trees, shrubbery, a summerhouse, etc. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--The public buildings act approved June 25, 1910, authorized the acquisition of this park by purchase or condem- nation and provided that it should become'a part of the park system of the District of Columbia under the Chief of Engineers. By the District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 2, 1911, this authority was repeated and $110,000 was appropriated for the purchase of the land. Under this authority the park was acquired by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia and was trans- PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2039 ferred by them to the jurisdiction of the Chief of Engineers on June 15, 1911. The first appropriation for its improvement was one of $5,000, contained in sundry civil act approved August 24, 1912, and this was followed by appropriations of a similar amount for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The appropriation for the year was $5,000 for continuing the improvement and for care and maintenance. With this the usual maintenance was kept up, a brick pavement was laid at the entrance, and miscellaneous shrubs and rose bushes planted. Condition at end of fiscal year.-With the appropriations fur- nished the old brick mansion and some of the outbuildings have been torn down, the kitchen wing of the main building has been re- paired and fitted as a public-comfort station, cement and gravel walks have been constructed, tennis courts and croquet grounds laid out, a pergola built, a large number of trees and shrubs planted, hedge and other plants set out, and water pipe and drain pipe laid. The old summerhouse was thoroughly repaired and a double park lodge built. Local cooperation.-None. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement thus far accomplished has been to provide an attractive park for the recrea- tion of the people of west Washington. Proposedoperations.-It is proposed to use the appropriation pro- vided for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, in making additional improvements so far as the funds will permit and in the care and maintenance of the park. 2C. HIGH SERVICE RESERVOIR PARK (RESERVATION 325). Location and description.-High Service Reservoir Park is located on the east side of Wisconsin Avenue between R Street and Reser- voir Street NW. It contains an area of 1.5 acres and is above the grade of the surrounding streets. Original condition.-The ground contains the basin of the old High Service Reservoir of the Washington Aqueduct system. This basin is surrounded by earthen terraces of artificial construction, very much higher than the public sidewalks around the reservation, which was originally inclosed with an iron fence, the upper terrace being reached by steps connected to a path leading from a gateway at the level of the sidewalk. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-As the reservoir was no longer needed by the Washington Aqueduct system, it was by authority of the War De- partment transferred on May 9, 1912, by the officer in charge of that system to the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, who included in his annual estimates for 1914 an item for an appropria- tion for the improvement of the grounds. The initial appropriation, $5,000, was made by the sundry civil act for 1917, approved July 1, 1916, and this was followed by an appropriation of a similar amount in sundry civil act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918. The act first named made the site of the reservoir a part of the park system of 2040 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. the District of Columbia under the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No special appro- priation was made for this project, and the only work done other than that required for care and maintenance was the construction of a gravel walk to connect with the steps at the southeast corner of the reservation and the planting of some deciduous trees and shrubs. Condition at end of fiscal year.-With the $10,000 appropriation for the improvement of this park the necessary retaining walls, and the cement walks and steps needed to reach the terraces, have been constructed, drainage put in, the slopes graded and seeded gravel walk constructed, and trees and shrubs planted. Local cooperation.-None. Effect of improvements.-To provide a small park from a piece of ground hitherto inaccessible because of its altitude and the absence of adequate facilities for reaching the top. Proposed operations.-No special funds having been provided for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, operations will be confined to those necessary for the ordinary care and maintenance of the park. 2D. AND 2E. POTOMAC PARK. Location and description.-Potomac Park is bounded on the east by Seventeenth Street west, the Monument Grounds, and the Wash- ington Channel of the Potomac River; on the north by B Street north; and on the west by the Virginia Channel. It comprises the area formerly known as the Potomac Flats. It is divided into two sections, one known as West Potomac Park, located west of the Pennsylvania Railroad embankment, the other called Ea'st Potomac Park, located east of that %mbankment. It covers an area of approximately 723 acres, including the body of water known as the Tidal Basin. This basin was created as part of the project for the improvement of the Potomac River at Washington for the purpose of periodically flush- ing the Washington Channel, the water entering from the Virginia Channel through inlet gates and being discharged into the Washing- ton Channel through outlet gates at Fourteenth and Water Streets. A history of the creation of this park is given on pages 1669 and 1670 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Original condition.-The entiie area was formerly marsh land known as the Potomac Flats, which were partially submerged at high tide. These were reclaimed by being filled in with material dredged from the Potomac River in connection with the improvement of that river at Washington. Previous projects.-By act of Congress approved March 3, 1897 (29 Stats., p. 624), the entire area known as the Potomac Flats, together with the tidal reservoirs, were made and declared a public park under the name of the Potomac Park, to be forever held and used as a park for the recreation and pleasure of the people. By act of August 1, 1914 (38 Stats., p. 634), Potomac Park was made a part of the park system of the District of Columbia, under the exclusive charge and control of the Chief of Engineers of the United States- Army and subject to the provisions of section 6 of the act approved July 1, 1898 (30 Stats., p. 570). PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2041 2D. WEST POTOMAC PARK. Existing project.-The first appropriation for West Potomac Park was made in the sundry civil act approved June 28, 1902. This has been followed by yearly appropriations with which driveways, bridle paths, and walks have been constructed, lawn areas graded and seeded, water and drain pipe laid, trees and shrubs planted, and the old lock house at the Seventeenth and B Streets entrances, to the park has been fitted up as a comfort station and equipped with a bicycle room and locker room for the park watchmen. A plan for the treat- ment of the portion of the park in the vicinity of the Lincoln Me- morial, prepared by the district officer, was approved by the Chief of Engineers February 7, 1917. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Portions of the macadam roadway on Potomac Drive were reconstructed and a large area of other roadway surfaces was treated with tar and fine stone or sand. Grading of the ground around the Lincoln Me- morial was continued and at the close of the year about 89 per cent of this had been completed. More than 41,000 cubic yards of earth for this grading was received without expense to the United States except the cost of supervising the dumping and grading, which was approximately 5 cents per cubic yard. The subgrading of the road- way of the northeast diagonal approach and of the large circular roadway around the memorial was continued throughout the year, and about 80 per cent of the work incident to this was completed on June 30. A cement walk was laid from the outlet bridge across the Washington Channel to the bathing beach on the south shore of the Tidal Basin. The two large concrete office buildings, whose construction was commenced during the previous year, were com- pleted during the early part of the fiscal year by the Navy Depart- ment and are now occupied by that department and the War De- partment. They are located on the north B Street side of the park and extend from a point west of Seventeenth Street to Twenty-first Street. Work was continued for moving out the sea wall in the Virginia Channel side of the park in the vicinity of the Lincoln Memorial. This is being prosecuted by the district officer in charge of the Potomac River improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The expenditures to June 30, 1919, were $658,586.18 for improvement and $129,413.82 for maintenance. From these expenditures there has resulted the construction of a Telford macadam driveway from Seventeenth and B Streets NW. to Fourteenth and Water Streets SW., and macadam driveways around the borders of the tidal reservoir along the entire Virginia Channel front of the park and along the northern boundary of the park; the grading and seeding of large areas of lawn surface; the construction of bridle paths and walks; the laying of a large amount of water pipe, drain pipe, and drain tile; and the planting of a large number of trees and shrubs. Local cooperation.-None. Effect of improvement.-The improvements made have resulted in the beautification of a large area of waste land, making it available as a recreation ground for the people of Washington. Proposed operations.-Continuingthe grading, soiling, seeding, and planting of unimproved area and constructing paths. 2042 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 2E. EAST POTOMAC PARK. Existing project.-The first appropriation for East Potomac Park was made in the act approved August 24, 1912, and this has been fol- lowed by yearly appropriations which provided for the construction of macadam driveways around the entire Virginia Channel and Washington Channel sides of the park and grading and seeding por- tions of the interior. On February 18, 1916, a comprehensive plan for the development of this park as a public recreation ground was submitted, together with a report on the cost, to Congress and printed as House Document No. 1038, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A portion of the mac- adam driveway on the Virginia Channel side of the park where set- tlement had occurred was raised to grade and reconstructed and other portions of the roadway surfaces were given a surfacing of fine stone and tar. An area of ground at the extreme southern end of the park, covering about 8 acres, was cleared, graded, and seeded for use as a picnic grove. Progress was made in filling the ground around the new field house. Work was continued on the construc- tion of the golf course. One green was constructed, making, with the 9 constructed last year, 10 in all; 14 sand pits and 19 hazards were built; 2,752 feet of water pipe was laid for use in watering the greens and other parts of the course. Work was continued under contract for the construction of the two end wings with porches and colon- nades of the field house, for which an appropriation of $100,000 was made in sundry civil appropriation acts for the fiscal years 1917 and 1918, respectively. At the close of the fiscal year the structural steelwork, the ornamental ironwork, and the roofs of the stractures were completed and other portions of the work were in various stages of completion, varying from 38 to 91 per cent. Sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918, contained an appropriation of $10,000 for installing and operating a ferry line from the vicinity of Sev- enth and Water Streets to East Potomac Park. Under this a gasoline motor launch was purchased in November, 1918, thoroughly over- hauled, remodeled to fit it for a ferryboat, and a new " Standard" engine installed. A portion of the Government-owned wharf at O and Water Streets has been fitted up as a ferryhouse, which gives direct connection with two street-car lines. Two landings have been provided on the park side. For the purpose of regulation a nominal charge of 5 cents for a one-way trip is made. The receipts from this source are deposited in the Treasury. Regular service on the ferry was inaugurated on June 26. 'The use of an area of ground 28 acres in extent on the Virginia Channel side of the park was granted in the spring to the garden committee of the Council of National De- fense. This committee, through the agricultural agent of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, divided this area into 288 garden plots 40 by 100 feet, which they allotted to those applying for them. About 15 acres of ground on the same side of the. park is occupied by build- ings of the camp of the detachment of troops of the Regular Army assigned to guard duty in Washington during the war. These buildings are 41 in number. In addition to this camp, there is an area of a little over 17 acres on the Washington Channel side occu- pied by 57 buildings, which were erected by the Construction Divi- sion of the War Department for quarters for the enlisted clerks on PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2043 duty under that department. These buildings are now used for stor- ing property belonging to the War Department. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-The total expenditures to June 30, 1919, were $235,000. With this a macadam roadway 30 feet wide, with brick gutters on either side, has been constructed around the entire river fronts of the park, and the area between the roadway and the river planted with trees and shrubs; bridle paths and cinder walks have been built; a large area cleared of underbrush and small trees of spontaneous growth and graded and seeded, water pipe laid, work for the constructien oftwo wings of a field house .taxted and parts of the building completed, and a 9-hole golf course laid out and partially constructed, 10 greens having been completed and all grad- ing done to June 30, 1919. Local cooperation.-None. Effect of improvement.-Opening up a large area of unimproved land and making it available for park purposes. Proposed operations.-With the $50,000 provided for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, it is proposed, in addition to the work required for care and maintenance, to do the following work of im- provement: Finish the construction and seeding of the first 9 holes of the golf course, grade and seed the ground between the field house and this course, construct road walk and fence at the extreme south- ern point of the park, and construct temporary toilets there. 2F. ROCK CREEK'PARK AND PINEY BRANCH PARKWAY. Location and description.-Rock Creek Park is located on the west side of Sixteenth Street, extending from Klingle Ford Road on the south to the District line on the north. It is bounded on the west by Daniel Road, Rock Creek Ford Road, and Broad Branch Road. The land of which it is composed was acquired by condemnation pro- ceedings under a commission created by an act of Congress approved September 27, 1890 (vol. 26, Stat., p. 492). It contains 1,605.9 acres and cost $1,174,511.45. After its acquirement by the commission it was turned over on December 13, 1894, to a board of control created by section 7 of the act. This board consisted of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia and the Chief of Engineers of the Army. Subsequently an additional strip of land was acquired by dedication. It is along Rock Creek and between Massachusetts Avenue and the Connecticut Avenue Bridge. By an act approved February 27, 1907 (vol. 34, pt. 1, Stats., p. 1000), Congress authorized a parkway ap- proach along Piney Branch Road from Sixteenth Street. This park- way contains 24.87 acres, which, together with Rock Creek Park, makes a total of 1,630 acres. Originalcondition.-In a report made by the late Gen. N. Michler (major, Corps of Engineers) in 1866, in response to a Senate resolu- tion providing for the selection of a suitable site for a public park and presidential mansion, this locality is described as a wild and romantic tract of country, with drives and walks, hills and dales, pleasant valleys and deep ravines, primeval forests and cultivated fields, running waters, rocks clothed with rich fern and mosses, every varying shrubbery, and beautiful and extensive views, all needing but the taste of the artist and the skill of the engineer to enhance its beauty and usefulness. 2044 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Previous projects.-Underthe board of control these contemplated in a general way the construction of a public golf links, bridle paths, grading and macadamizing old roads, widening some of them, and constructing additional ones. Existing project.-In sundry civil act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, approved July 1, 1918, the park and the Piney Branch parkway were made a part of the park system of the District of Columbia under the jurisdiction of the Chief of Engineers, and in September, 1918, the park was transferred to that officer by the board of control. In addition to the ordinary care and mainte- nance of the park, it is proposed to adopt the project for its future improvement recommended by Olmsted Bros., landscape architects, in a report made by them in accordance with a contract entered into by them with the board of control on May 18,1917. Thehut:report containing the project was received by the Chief of Engineers in December, 1918. Its recommendations will be observed in under- taking future work for improvement in the park. The moving prin- ciple in this proposed plan is to preserve the natural beauty of the park while making it more available for the use of the public, riding, driving, and Walking. For this purpose the area of the park is di- vided into " use" areas and " growth" areas, depending on location and character of soil and present growth. These areas are to be developed in a natural way by encouraging the growth of the best trees and plants and protecting them from fire and disease. De- pending on the use to be made of the various portions of the park, paths and roads are to be constructed. Provision is made for bring- ing people in the future nearer the center of the park by car line. One of the most pressing needs is the cleaning out of all dead and fallen timber to prevent fires and damage to living trees. The greatly increased cost of labor and material makes it extremely urgent that a much larger annual appropriation be made for this park in order that the clearing up can be undertaken immediately. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The appropriations for the year amounted to $23,200, of which $3,910.58 was expended by the board of control, leaving a balance of $19,289.42, which was transferred to the Chief of Engineers; $17,711.38 of this was used for care and maintenance, including upkeep of 9.2 miles of macadam road, 20 miles of bridle path, care of bridges and-fences, cutting of grass, removing dead and fallen timber, etc. Under improvement work, the driveway between upper Beach Drive and Daniels Road, near the intersection of Rittenhouse Street, was commenced. The work done consisted in clearing the line of brush and timber for a distance of about 1,500 feet from Beach Drive. In addition to this, a stone retaining wall 30 feet long and 25 feet wide was built on Beach Drive, and stone walls aggregating 248 feet in length were built on the same drive. The slopes at some of the curves of roads were graded and planted with honeysuckle. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The approximate expenditures for maintenance and improvement from the date of acquirement to June 30, 1919, were $352,533.98. The work done has consisted mainly of opening the fields and forests of which the park was formed by constructing a skeleton of roads, bridle paths and foot- PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMIBIA. 2045 paths, constructing the necessary bridges, and clearing adjacent portions of the park sufficiently to permit its general use by the pub- lic. In this work, which was done by the board of control, there have been built about 9.2 miles of macadamized park roadways from 16 to 24 feet wide (comprising Beach Drive, Ridge Road, Ross Road, Morrow Road, Blagden Avenue, and Wise Road) ;20 miles of bridle paths, about 6 miles of footpaths, three permanent stone and concrete bridges, and one temporary girder bridge across Rock Creek, five masonry bridges or viaducts across smaller streams and numerous culverts, a dam at Pierce Mill composed of bowlders, and a considerable area of the park near the roads cleared and the por- tion opened maintained in suitable condition. There were also re- constructed 1.9 miles of county roads passing through the park, namely, Pierce Mill Road, Linnean Hill Road, and Military Road. Local cooperation.-lNone. Effect of improvement.-The development into a park very close to the city of an area of great natural beauty and preserving it from encroachment and spoilation. Proposed operations.--It isproposed to use the $23,200 appropri- ated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, in the general care and maintenance of the park, and in addition, to grade the proposed new road between upper Beach Drive and Daniels Road and to construct three culverts incident thereto. 2G. WILLOW TREE PARK. Location and description.-Willow Tree Park is located in the interior of square 534 between Third and Four-and-a-half and 3 and C Streets SW. It is surrounded on all sides by dwellings which front on the four streets mentioned. Previous projects.-The District of Columbia appropriation act for 1912 approved March 2, 1911, provided $78,000 for the condemna- tion by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia of land in the interior of square 534, and for the development of the land so ac- quired as an interior park. Original condition.-The site of the park was originally known as Willow Tree Alley, which consisted of a collection of small tenements in the interior of square 534, many of them being in a bad state of repair. Existing project.-On March 4, 1914, the land was transferred to the Chief of Engineers by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, who provided an allotment of $15,991.34 for its improve- ment. A plan for this was prepared by the district officer and ap- proved by the Chief of Engineers March 19, 1914. The plan pro- vided for the development of the ground as a combination park and playground. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The only work be- sides that required for the ordinary care and maintenance of the grounds was the erection of a new lodge house. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The expenditures to June 30, 1919, were $15,991.34 for improvements and $6,000 for care and mainte- nance. From these expenditures there has resulted the development 2046 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, 1J. .S,ARMY, 1919. of an interior park, the central part having been kept open for play- ground purposes, the plantings being confined to the ends and sides, inclosed with a picket fence for protection, between which and the open interior a cement walk has been constructed and a paved alley made on the outside of the planting belt and between it and the private property bounding the four sides of the park. Local cooperation.-The Commissioners of the District of Colum- bia provided the sum of nearly $16,000, with which the improvement of the park was carried out. Effect of improvement.-There has been created from a piece of ground, which, before improvement, contained many objectionable features, a park for the recreation of the people and a playground for the younger element in a section of the city not hitherto supplied with those facilities. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the $1,500 pro- vided for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, in the care and mainte- nance of the park. MAINTENANCE OF IMPROVED PARKS. The improved parks and park places were maintained in fair con- dition throughout the year. The increased cost of labor and mate- rials makes it very necessary to have larger appropriations for main- tenance if the usual high standard is to be kept up. Lawns, roads, walks, and gutters were cared for; trees and shrubs pruned, and, where needed, special surgical treatment given to them to insure their preservation. The usual planting to secure floral decoration for the parks in the spring, summer, and autumn was accomplished. WATER PIPES, DRAINPIPES, AND FOUNTAINS. Water pipes and drainpipes were maintained in good condition; 5,517 feet of galvanized-iron water pipe, 5,529 feet of wrought-iron water pipe, 183 feet of cast-iron water pipe, and 11,700 feet of terra- cotta drainpipe and drain tile were laid. The fountains were given attention, although not operated on account of shortage of water. EXPENDITURES FOR PARKS AND RESERVATIONS. The expenditures during the year on parks and reservations, Dis- trict of Columbia, amounted to $350,789.03, which includes pay for gardeners, foreman, and mechanics and wages for park laborers. The total expenditures to June 30, 1918, can not be stated, as the data are not available. LIGHTING THE PUBLIC GROUNDS. Portions of the public grounds are lighted by gas and the remain- der by electricity. The rates paid for these lights are fixed by the act of Congress approved June 26, 1912 (District of Columbia appro- priation act for 1913, 37 Stats., p. 181). The following table shows the number of lights now operated and the rates paid: PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2047 Cost of Description.. Number. each per annum. Gas mantle, 60 candlepower: On posts owned by the United States ................................... 252 $16.75 On posts owned by the lighting company.. ................................... ... 100 18.40 Electric are: On posts owned by the United States ................................... 40 93.10 Electric incandescent: 600 candlepower on posts owned by lighting company .............. 33...... 70.00 400 candlepower on posts owned by lighting company...................... .. 6 46.50 250 candlepower on posts owned by lighting company....................... 3 36.50 100 candlepower on posts owned by United States........................... 46 21.35 100 candlepower on posts owned by lighting company....................... 366 23.45 60 candlepower on posts owned by United States ............................ 2 17.85 56 candlepower on posts owned by lighting company........................ 10 19.50 The lights are inspected nightly by the United States park police, who report all outages, and a proper deduction therefor is made from company bills for light not furnished. Five gas lamps in United States reservation No. 126 were trans- ferred to the District government when, on August 31, 1918, that riesration was transferred to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia under the terms of the District of Columbia appropriation act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, approved August 31, 1918. The expenditures for lighting the public grounds during the year amounted to $22,300. The total expenditures to June 30, 1919, can not be stated, as the data for past years are not available. WALIS, ROADS, COPING. Data in regard to the area and cost of the walks, roads, and coping in the public parks are given on pages 1667 and 1668. o£ the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, additional work was constructed as follows: 4,268 square yards of cement walk. 1,219 squiare yards of gravel walk resurfaced. 350 linear feet of cement coping. 92 linear feet of concrete steps. 440 square yards of brick pavement. 40 linear feet of brick steps. In addition 14,9,5 square yards of bituminous bound macadam roadway were reconstructed and 231,761 square yards of similar roadway were resurfaced with tar and sand. Nine catch basins were built. OCCUPATION OF PUBLIC PROPERTY BY PRIVATE PARTIES. Under the authority contained in the act of Congress approved July 1, 1898 (30 Stats., p. 570), the following reservations, which are the property of the United States, are cared for by the owners of adjoining property, under permits granted by the Chief of Engineers: Nos. 61, 67, 139, 141, 152, 164, and 282. The permits to occupy Nos. 67, 139, 152, and 164 were renewed during the year, the first three for a period of three years and the last one for one year. In addition to the foregoing, there is a valuable piece of United States ground, known as reservation No. 91a, lying between Rock Creek and Twenty-eighth Street west, between I and K Streets -125851-MENG 1919---129 : : 2048 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. north, of which certain persons are now in unlawful occupation. This office has for several years been making efforts to secure pos- session of the property, which have so far proved unsuccessful. The matter is now in charge of the Department of Justice and it is hoped will soon be decided in the courts. The following leases and licenses granting the use of public prop- erty to private parties are now in force, having been executed by the Chief of Engineers on the dates specified: June 1, 1916.-Lease with vestry of Washington Parish for the use for storage purposes of a portion of square 1152, Washington, D. C. Consideration, $20 per annum, payable in advance. October 24, 1916.-License to the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church to continue to use the building known as Bethany Chapel, located on reservation No. 186, at the intersection of Ohio Avenue and C Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets NW. The chapel was erected by that church many years ago for mission purposes. Consideration, $10 per annum, payable semi- annually in advance. April 12, 1917.-License to C. M. Mundie for use as a truck garden United States reservation 286, between Water, One-half, T, and U Streets SW. Con- sideration, $5 per annum, payable in advance. May 15, 1917.-License to C. F. Dawson for use as a truck garden United States reservation 297, between Water, South Capitol, R, and S Streets SW. Consideration, $5 per annum, payable in advance. December 7, 1917.-License to W. G. Dungan for the use as a truck garden of United States reservation 244, at Potomac Avenue, One-half, and R Streets SW., Washington, D. C. Consideration, $10 per annum, payable in advance. February 18, 1919.-Lease with Simms Hayden for use as a dwelling house of the premises known as 1233 Twenty-seventh Street NW., for a period of one year from December 4, 1918. Consideration, $15 per month in advance. February 18, 1919.-Lease with Mamie Urquhart for use as a dwelling house of the premises known as 1235 Twenty-seventh Street NW., for a period of one year from December 4, 1918. Consideration, $15 per month in advance. March 10, 1919.-Lease with John H. Pierce for the premises known as 125 Bowen Road (Alabama Avenue) SE., within the area knowns as Fort Davis, to be used as a dvelling house and for carrying on the business of a florist for a period of one year from December 1, 1918. Consideration, $5 per month in advance. May 31, 1919.-Lease with Samuel W. Burns for use as a dwelling house of the premises known as 1108 Twenty-sixth Street NW., for a period of one year from March 7, 1919. Consideration, $25 per month in advance. May 31, 1919.-Lease with George Playfair for use as a dwelling house of the premises known as 1323 Twenty-fourth Street NW., for a period of one year from March 1, 1919. Consideration, $20 per month in advance. The amount received from this source during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, was $1,035.53. The total amount received to that date was $4,386.12. CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUNDS. The act of Congress approved March 3, 1903 (32 Stats., pt. 1, p. 1122), provided: The officer in charge of public buildings and grounds may hereafter authorize the temporary use of the Monument Grounds, or grounds south of the Execu- tive Mansion, or other reservations in the District of Columbia, for playgrounds for children and adults, under regulations to be prescribed by him. During the fiscal year the department of playgrounds of the Dis- trict of Columbia was authorized to use the following reservations for playground purposes: The southwest corner of Garfield Park (reservation No. 17). Willow Tree Park (reservation No. 201A). All of reservation No. 19. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2049 The District of Columbia appropriation act approved August 31, 1918, transferred reservation 126 to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia for playground purposes. PARK WATCHMEN. The history of this force is given on page 1665 of the Annual Re- port of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. In addition to the data there published, reference is here made to a provision in the legisla- tive, executive, and judicial appropriation act approved August 5, 1882 (22 Stats., p. 243), which states that these park watchmen " shall have and perform the same powers and duties as the Metropolitan police." This authorizes them to exercise police powers anywhere within the limits of the District of Columbia, and this they fre- quently do. The force is uniformed, the cost being defrayed from appropriations made by Congress for the purpose. They are also furnished with bicycles and revolvers at public expense. The personnel of the force at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, was 2 sergeants and 45 privates. Four privates are mounted on motor cycles and 2 sergeants and 41 privates are mounted on bicycles. The present rates of pay are much smaller than those of the District of Columbia policemen, although they have the same powers and duties. The small pay results in a considerable turnover during the year, with corresponding decrease in efficiency. To main- tain a properly trained force an increase in pay is urgently needed. For a more detailed statement of the duties, standards, personnel, etc., of the force, see page 3709, Annual Report for 1917. During the year they made 1,431 arrests, the amounts of fines im- posed being $4,849 and collateral forfeited $6,135, a total of $10,984. They also sent 34 sick and injured persons to hospitals, 10 to their homes, took 25 children to their parents for correction, and sent 4 dead persons to the morgue. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $40,630.63, includ- ing pay. The total expenditures to June 30, 1919, can not be given, as the data are not available. BAND CONCERTS. For many years prior to 1904 concerts were given by the United States Marine Band on Wednesday afternoons in the Capitol Grounds and on Saturday afternoons in the White House Grounds. In the summer of 1904 concerts were provided for other parks by the Cavalry band from Fort Myer on Mondays and Thursdays and by the Engineer band from Washington Barracks on Tuesdays and Fridays. This was done by authority of the Secretary of War dated November 20, 1903 (E. D. 49225), thus providing about 100 con- certs in all during the four months from June 1 to September 30. For the night concerts during the present fiscal year, however, there were military bands available for only the first week in June, and through the courtesy of the Secretary of the Navy concerts were given by the United States Marine Band on Tuesday and Thursday nights in July, August, and September, 1918, and during the last 2050 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. three weeks in June, 1919. This band also played at the band stand in West Potomac Park oi Wednesday and Saturday afternoons in May and on the Ellipse in the President's Park on Saturday after- noons from July 1 to September 30, 1918, and during June, 1919. XYTENSION OF BUILDINGS BEYOND THE BUILDING LINES IN THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. The act of Congress approved March 3, 1891, as amended by the act approved June 21, 1906 (34 Stats., p. 385), requires the approval of the Secretary of War on applications for the extension beyond the building lines of buildings erected on lands adjoining United States public reservations. By direction of the Secretary of War the Office of Public Build- ings and Grounds is charged with the duty of investigating and re- porting upon these cases. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, no applications of this character were referred to that office by the War Department. GROUNDS FOR OUTDOOR SPORTS. The first appropriation provided for this purpose was contained in sundry civil appropriation act approved August 1, 1914 (38 Stats., p. 634), which appropriated $10,000 for placing and maintaining special portions of the parks in condition for outdoor sports. This appropriation was repeated for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1916, 1917, and 1918; for 1919 $20,000 was provided. With these funds baseball diamonds, tennis courts, a golf course, cricket field, etc., have been laid out and regularly maintained. The facilities now provided for these sports are: Baseball diamonds 12 Volley ball court_____________ 1 Tennis courts ____ _______ 28 Croquet court_________________ 1 Three-hole practice golf course___ 1 Hockey field-------------------- 1 Cricket field --------------------- 1 Soccer-ball field -------------- _ Polo fields ---------------------- 2 These are in the immediate charge of a grounds keeper, the permits for their use being issued by the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds. During the winter skating upon the Tidal Basin in Potomac Park is permitted under regulation. Permits for this are not required. During the fiscal year 10 clay tennis courts and 3 experimental grass courts were constructed. These are included in the foregoing table. The expenditures during the year were $20,000. The total expen- ditures to June 30, 1919, were $59,977.86. TIDAL-BASIN BATHING BEACH, WEST POTOMAC PARK. The commencement of this project and the operations thereunder are given on page 1937 of the Annual Report of the Chief of En- gineers for 1918. As stated therein, the funds available were suffi- cient to build only the central portion of the proposed bathhouse and about one-half of the two wings which contain the dressing rooms and lockers. The additional sum of $3,300 was provided in the sun- dry civil act for 1919 and a contract was entered into on July 1, 1918, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2051 for completing the bathhouse and the two wings, and these were completed on September 30. The construction of the beach, which was done by hired labor, was completed by August 12, and the estab- lishment was opened to the public on August 24, the buildings be- ing then far enough advanced to permit of their use. From that date until September 15, the date of closing, the establishment was operated by a concessionaire who rented bathing suits, etc., at a nominal price. No charge was made for the use of the lockers. Be- tween the time of closing and opening in the spring of 1919, con- siderable work for betterments was done and the beach was opened, on May 30 with a new concessionaire, the first one having given up the concession because he found it unprofitable. Between May 30 and June '30 approximately' 56,000 bathers were accommodated, there being an attendance of 5,500 on one day. This shows the popu- larity of the establishment, but it is found to be too small. An esti- mate of $20,000 was therefore submitted to Congress for its enlarge- ment and this amount was appropriated in the sundry civil act ap- proved July 19, 1919. 3. CONNECTING PARKWAY BETWEEN POTOMAC. PARK, THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK, AND ROCK CREEK PARK. The history of this parkway and the operations to June 30, 1915, in connection therewith, are given in the Annual Report of the Chief' of Engineers for that year, pages 1671 and 1672. The operations during the fiscal years 1916, 1917, and 1918 are given on pages 1801, 1898, and 1937 of the reports for those years. Sundry civil act for 1919 provided a " no limit " appropriation of $150,000 for continuing the acquisition of land, and made available for the same purpose a balance of $8,254.31 of the appropriation for 1918. The sum of $116,718.34 was expended in the purchase of 37 pieces of land. These added to .35 pieces previously purchased makes a total number of 72 pieces which have been acquired for the total sum of $240,256.66. Under the law creating the commission, this land, as soon as acquired, became a part of the park system of the District of Columbia, under the jurisdiction of the Chief of En- gineers, United States Army. 4. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. Location and description. The Washington National Monument is located in the Monument Grounds, which are situated between Fourteenth and Seventeenth Streets west and B Street north and B Street south. The face of the shaft is of marble, the interior facing of granite. It is 555 feet 5s inches high, 55 feet 12 inches wide at the base outside, and 25 feet inside. The walls are 15 feet 4 inch thick ,at the base and 18 inches thick at the top. The taper of the shaft is 4 inch to 1 foot. The weight of the whole monument is 81,120 tons. There are 898 steps and 50 landings. There are 8 windows at the top.. There is also an electric elevator with a carry- ing capacity of 35 persons. The elevator is tested at 6 tons. Original condition.-See "Previous projects." Previous projects.-The Monument was constructed up to a height of about 153 feet by the Washington National Monument Society, organized October 31, 1833. The. cost of construction to the height 2052 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. mentioned was about $300,000, which was secured by popular sub- scription. The corner stone was laid July 4, 1848, under the auspices of the society. After it had reached the height mentioned work was stopped for lack of funds and no further work of construction was done for a period of 24 years, when its completion was assumed by the United States Government. Existing project.-The act of August 2, 1876 (Stats. 19, p. 123), provided for the completion of the Monument by the Federal Gov- ernment, the work to be done under a commission created for that purpose by the act, which appropriated $200,000 to start the work. Additional appropriations for continuing the work were made from time to time until the completion of the shaft in 1888. The capstone was set December 6, 1884, and the Monument was opened to the public October 9, 1888. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The expenditures dur- ing the year were $18,717.82, all devoted to maintenance. This in- cluded replacing the old cables on the elevator car by new cables. A total of 273,128 persons ascended to the top during the year, 165.870 of whom made the ascent in the elevator, while 107,268 walked up the steps. The Monument was closed to visitors from Oc- tober 15, 1918, to November 30, 1918, on account of the epidemic of influenza, and while new elevator cables were being installed. On the 45 Sundays and 6 holidays there were 79,545 visitors; of these, 22,198 ascended in the elevator and 57,347 by the stairway. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The expenditures to June 30, 1919, were $1,594,117.28, of which $1,187,710.31 was for construction and $406,406.97 for maintenance. This has accomplished the completion of the monument, including the erection of a separate power plant and the construction of a memorial lodge of marble placed some distance froni the foot of the shaft. Between October 9, 1888, the date when the Monument was opened to the public, and June 30, 1919, there were 4,808,890 persons who ascended to the top of the shaft. Local cooperation.--The sum of $300,000 was furnished by the Washington National Monument Society toward the construction of the Monument, the amount having been raised by popular sub- scription. Effect of improvement.-The creation of a massive and dignified memorial to George Washington, the first President of the United States of America. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the funds appro- priated in sundry civil appropriation act for 1920, namely, $15,320, in the care and maintenance of the Monument. 5. STATUES. There are'now 35 statues in the public grounds under the charge of the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds, and one in course of construction-that of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. Information concerning the statues completed is found in a table printed on pages 1674 and 1.675 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Attention has been given to all of the completed statues during the year, and the pedestals and bronze figures have been maintained in a cleanly condition as far as practicable. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2053 The amount expended during the fiscal year was $243.53. The total amount expended to June 30, 1919, can not be given, as the data are not available. 6. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE PROPAGATING GARDENS. These gardens are located in the grounds south of the Washington Monument and east of the Tidal Basin. They include also the plant nurseries located between the railroad embankment and the Wash- ington approach to the Highway Bridge. There are 13 greenhouses, with the necessary potting sheds, and 4 pits, and outdoor beds for propagating perennial plants and shrubs. The total number of plants propagated at the gardens during the past fiscal year was 694,000, 663,000 of which were used for the parks and reservations and the greenhouses and the nursery under the charge of this office, 14,000 for the Capitol, and about 15,550 for other departments of the Government. The surplus remaining (about 1,440) was distributed to hospitals, public institutions, etc. Requests are frequently received for the loan or gift of plants for the use of churches, fairs, festivals, etc., and for private purposes. All such requests have to be declined, as either the loan or gift of any plants would be in violation of the following extract from the act of Congress approved June 30, 1878, (20 Stats., p. 220): Provided, That hereafter only such trees, shrubs, and plants shall be propa- gated at the greenhouses and nursery as are suitable for planting in the public reservations, to which purpose only the said productions of the greenhouses and nursery shall be applied. The expenditures for this work are included in those .stated under section 2, "Parks and reservations." 7. HOUSE WHERE ABRAHAM LINCOLN DIED. This house is located at No. 516 Tenth Street NW., Washington, D. C. It was purchased by the United States on November 1, 1896, for the sum of $30,000, which was the amount appropriated for the purpose by the act of Congress approved June 11, 1896 (20 Stats., p. 439). The Government took possession of the premises on November 10, 1896. Since that date it has been in the charge of Mr. O. H. Oldroyd, who occupies it free of rent and acts as custodian without pay. By authority of the Secretary of War, dated October 9, 1899, Mr. Oldroyd is permitted to exhibit his Lincoln museum and to charge a small entrance fee thereto. During the fiscal year minor repairs were made to the plumbing and heating fixtures and to woodwork. The amount expended during the year was $200. The total amount expended to June 30, 1919, was $32,311.35. 8. BUILDINGS OCCUPIED BY THE WAR DEPARTMENT, EXCEPT THE STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS BUILDING. By order of the War Department, dated June 30, 1893, all build- ings occupied by the War Department, except the State, War, and Navy Departments building, were placed under the charge of the OIice of Public Buildings and Grounds so far as their preser- 2054 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. vation, care, and safety are concerned. These buildings are inspected each month by an engineer employed in that office, and when any- thing is found that requires attention the head of the bureau con- cerned is notified in writing of the objectionable conditions and accommodations made for their amelioration. The approximate number inspected monthly during the year was 46. The number in- spected in July, 1918, was 51 and in June, 1919, 39. 9. STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTM:ENTS BUILDING. On February 2, 1915, by Special Order No. 27, War Department, paragraph 17, the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds was detailed to act as superintendent of the State, War, and Navy Departments buildings from March 1, 1915. There are now 22 build- ings in his charge, containing 5,282,457 square feet gross floor space. 10. DEPARTMENTAL TELEGRAPH LINE. This line was established under authority of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., p. 519). A description of it and its route is given on pages 1676 and 1677 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. During the year the line and its batteries were maintained in effec- tive working order. The amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, was $500. The total amount expended to that date was $55,250.39. 11. HIGHWAY BRIDGE ACROSS THE POTOMAC RIVER, D. C. Location aid description.-This bridge crosses the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., the northern approach being in Potomac Park 'and the southern on the Virginia shore. It is located about 1,000 feet west of the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge. It is a through steel structure resting on 12 stone piers and two abutments, with the necessary approaches of 3,000 and 2,256 feet on the Washington and Virginia sides, respectively, and has a middle draw, operated by electric power for the passage of river traffic. History.-The bridge was authorized by section 11 of the act of February 12, 1901 (31 Stats., p. 772). It was constructed by the dis- trict engineer office in charge of the improvement of the Potomac River, being completed in 1906. On September 12, 1908, by authority of the Secretary of War, the bridge, including the approaches and the bridge over the Washington Channel in the Washington ap- proach, were transferred to the jurisdiction of the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds. Existing project.-Provides for maintenance and operation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The expenditures dur- ing the year were $69,610.85, all for maintenance. Under the con- tract entered into on June 29, 1918, for restoring the fender system of the bridge, which was destroyed by high water and ice in February, 1918, the north-side fender, the south-side fender, and the upstream half of the center fender were reconstructed. Owing to lack of funds it was not possible to restore the downstream half of the center fender but only to strengthen it with some new piles and timbering. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2055 An estimate of $25,000 was submitted for entirely restoring this poir- tion of the fender, and this amount was appropriated in the District of Columbia appropriation act approved July 11, 1919. The average daily travel over the bridge on the last seven days in June was as follows: Single cars--------------- 271. 4 Pedestrians----_--'-__--_. 377. 5 Trains of two cars each------ 290. 5 Equestrians 47. 2 Automobiles---------------- 4,320. 4 Bicycles __ 224. 8 Double teams-------------345. 5 Motor cycles ---------------- 265. 4 Single teams-------------- 480. 5 Motor trucks----------------- 924. 2 Condition at the end of the fiscal year.-The bridge and approaches were in good condition except for the damaged fenders. The expenditures to June 30, 1919, amounted to approximately $1,432,303.02, of which $1,195,875.50 was for construction and $236,- 427.52 for maintenance. These include the cost of the concrete steel- arch bridge across the Washington Channel. Local cooperation.-One-halfof the cost of constructing the bridge was paid by the District government, which also bears one-half the annual cost of its care and maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to spend the appropriation of $43,860 provided for the fiscal year 1920 in the care and maintenance of the structure and its approaches and in restoring the downstream. half of the center fender. 12. TREES, SHRUBS, ETC., FOR THE GROUNDS OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND CAPITOL AND EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. These items are provided for by annual appropriations in the sundry civil appropriation acts. The first of these was the act of June 6, 1900 (31 Stats., p. 622), which appropriated funds for the im- provement, care, and maintenance of the grounds of the executive departments. The first provision of this character for the grounds of the Library of Congress and of the Capitol was contained in the sundry civil act of March 3, 1903 (32 Stats., p. 1123). These appro- priations have been repeated each year since these dates. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, the plant and flower beds, borders, and vases in the Library Grounds and in the Capitol Grounds were planted with suitable plants during the several seasons and cared for. About 13,675 plants were furnished for the grounds of the executive departments from the propagating gardens of public buildings and grounds. The amount expended during the year was $5,876.60. The total expenditures to June 30, 1919, were $88,585.79. 13. UNITED STATES WHARF PROPERTY, WASHINGTON, D. C. The banks of the Potomac River from the Washington Barracks- reservation to the southern curb line of N Street south were, by act of Congress approved March 3, 1899 (30 Stats., p. 1378), placed under the jurisdiction of the Chief of Engineers, who, by letter of March 11, 1899, directed the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds to assume control of the property. Most of this property is leased to private parties. A list of the leases in force on June 30, 1915, was given on page 1679 of the 2056 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Annual Report of the Chief of Ehgineers for that year. The lease for one of these properties was renewed during the year. 14. MONUMENT AND WHARF, WAKEFIELD, VA., THE BIRTHPLACE OF WASHINGTON. The history of these works is given on pages 1679 and 1680 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, the United States watchman in charge extended the usual care to the monument and the other Government property. At the request of the Member of Congress from the district in which this property is located an inspection was made in March, 1919, of the wharf, which has been badly damaged by high water and ice, and an estimate prepared showing the cost of restoring it. 15. MEMORIAL TO GEN. ULYSSES S. GRANT. A history of this memorial from its inception to June 30, 1915, is given on page 1680 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that year, and that for 1916 and 1917 at pages 1805 and 1903 in Annual Reports for the respective years. During the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1919, the full-size model of the equestrian group was completed in plaster by the sculptor. The expenditures during the year were $2,785.02. The total ex- penditures to June 30, 1919, were $202,154.89, which does not include the $10,000 appropriated for procuring designs. 16. THE BARRY STATUE COMMISSION. History of this statue is given on pages 1680 and 1681 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. There were no operations during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919. 17. THE ERICSSON MEMORIAL. This was provided for in public act No. 245, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, approved August 31, 1916 (vol. 39, Stats., pt. 1, p. 671), which authorized the sum of $35,000 for the erection in the city of Wash- ington of a suitable memorial to John Ericsson, the inventor and constructor of the Monitor, the funds to be expended by a com- mission consisting of the chairmen of the Committees on the Library of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, and the Secre- tary of the Navy. In sundry civil act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, the sum of $35,000 was appropriated for erecting the memorial, and in addition the commission was authorized to accept and expend donations for the memorial. The commission appointed the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds as its executive and disbursing officer, and. authorized him to receive the sum of $25,000 collected by the John Ericsson Memorial Committee from Americans of Scandinavian descent in this country, as a contri- bution toward the erection of the memorial. This amount in the form of Liberty loan bonds was received and deposited for safe keeping with the Treasurer of the United States. The committee PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2057 is now engaged in securing designs for the work preparatory to their submission to the commission. 18. MEMORIAL TO ABRAHAM LINCOLN. The history of this memorial from its inception to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, is given on pages 1681 and 1682 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that year, and that for 1916, 1917, and 1918 at pages 1805, 1904, and 1943, reports for the respective years. During the fiscal year 1919, the work of erecting the masonry approaches and terrace wall was largely completed, although the work was considerably retarded by war conditions. Two large paintings which portray the principles expressed in the tablets con- taining the Gettysburg speech and the second inaugural address by Mr. Lincoln were completed and placed in the memorial. The tioal expenditures to June 30, 1919, were $2,413,343. 19. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ARMORY COMMISSION. A history of this commission, of which the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds is a member and the executive officer, is given on page 1682 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engi- neers for 1915. The commission's report, with plans and estimates of cost, was submitted to Congress April 13, 1910. No funds have .yet been appropriated for commencing the construction of the build- ing. There were no operations or expenditures during the fiscal year. The amount expended to June 30, 1919, is $2,294.49. 20. COMMISSION OF FINE ARTS. This commission was created by the act of Congress approved May 17, 1910 (36 Stats., p. 371). On June 17, 1910, the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds was appointed the secretary of the commission. Subsequent sundry civil acts provided that he shall act as the disbursing officer of the commission and shall be its secretary and act as its executive officer. The members of the com- mission receive no compensation for their services, which are given gratuitously, but they are reimbursed for the necessary expenses incurred by them in attending the meetings of the commission. The commission makes its annual report to the President, who transmits it to Congress. The amount expended during the year was $9,000. The total amount expended to June 30, 1919, was $62,000. 21. MEMORIAL TO WOMEN OF THE CIVIL WAR. The officer in charge of public buildings and grounds is the exec- utive disbursing officer of the conunission. A history of this memo- rial and of operations in connection with it to June 30, 1915, is given on page 1683 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that year. 2058 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The operations for 1916, 1917, and 1918 are given at pages 1806, 1905, and 1943 of reports for the respective years. This memo- rial was completed in 1918. The total expenditures to June 30, 1919, from the congressional appropriation and private subscriptions was $856,090.08. 22. ARLINGTON MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER AND CHAPEL. The Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, contains, on pages 1683 and 1684, historical data in regard to this memorial and a summary of the operations in connection with the work done toward the construction of the build- ing, which is being erected under the direction of a commission, of which the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds is the executive and disbursing officer. The operations during 1916, 1917, and 1918 are given at pages 1807, 1905, and 1944, reports for the re- spective years. The work was completed during the fiscal year with the excep- tion of the final painting, decoration of chapel ceiling, cutting of certain inscriptions, installation of lighting fixtures and portion of development of surrounding grounds, including grading, roads, water, sewers, and planting. The total expenditures to June 30, 1919, were $711,759.49. 23. MONUMENT IN MEMORY OF FRANCIS SCOTT KEY AND OTHERS. This is authorized in the deficiency appropriation act approved July 29, 1914, which provides that the monument shall be erected in Fort McHenry Park, Baltimore, Md., under the direction of the Sec- retary of War, and appropriates $75,000 for the purpose. The officer in charge of public buildings and grounds acts as the personal rep- resentative of the Secretary of War in all matters connected with the monument. The preliminary operations to June 30, 1915, in connection with this monument are given on pages 1684 and 1685 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that year, and the operations for 1916, 1917, and 1918 are given in the annual reports for those years on pages 1807, 1905, and 1944. As stated in last annual report, page 1944, the encroachment on the site at Fort McHenry of some of the buildings of the base hos- pital established there made it necessary to provide for storing the materials until it is possible to erect them. A supplemental contract was therefore entered into on August 26, 1918, for storing the mate- rials within the grounds of Fort McHenry. As the materials for the pedestal were delivered they were inispected, found defective, and rejected. No objection was raised by the contractor to this action. The bronze figure is practically completed. The expenditures during the year amounted to $226.48. The total expenditures to June 30, 1919, were $36,698.03. 24. ARLINGTON MEMORIAL BRIDGE COMMISSION. A history of this to June 30, 1917, is given on page 1906 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that fiscal year. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2059 There were no operations and no expenditures during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, as there has been no appropriation made as yet for the work, and the commission has been unable to enter upon its duties. Estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTTVE, AND JUDICIAL APPROPRIATION ACT. Salaries of employees, public buildings and grounds: Superintendent --------------------------------- $3, 600 Assistant and chief clerk ------------------------- 2,400 Clerks : 1 of class 4---- -------------------------- 1, 800 1 of class 3 , 600 1-------------------------------- 1 of class 2 ------------ 1, 400 2 of class 1 -- - - -------- 2, 400 Messenger __ 840 Landscape architect ---------------------------- 2, 400 Landscape designer (submitted; see par. 1 of remarks)_ 2, 400 Junior engineer (submitted; see par. 2 of remarks) ____ 2, 100 Junior engineer_---------------------------------- 1, 500 $22, 440 For foreman, gardeners, mechanics, and laborers, em- ployed in the public grounds ---------------------------- 31,200 Park police: Lieutenant -------------- 1, 200 4 sergeants at $950 each (increase of 3 submitted)_ 3, 800 Second sergeant ___ -___-________________ -___ 900 61 privates at $840 each (increase of 7 submitted; see par. 3 of remarks) _ 51,240 57,140 For watchman for the care of the monument and dock at Wakefield, Va., the birthplace of Washington -- _ 300 111, 080 Contingent expenses, public buildings and grounds: For contingent and incidental expenses, including pur- chase of professional and scientific books and tech- nical periodicals, books of reference, blank books, photographs and maps (increase of $200 submitted; see par. 4 of remarks) 1, 000 For purchase, repair, and exchange of bicycles and re- volvers for park police and for purchase of ammuni- tion (increase of $500 submitted; see par. 5 of remarks) ___- _ _------ --- 2, 000 For purchase, maintenance, repair, operation, and ex- change of motorcycles for park police (increase of $732 submitted; see par. 6 of remarks) ------------ 1,908 For purchasing and supplying uniforms to park police, Monument and bridge watchmen (increase of $720 submitted; see par. 7 of remarks) ---------------- 5, 840 10, 748 Total under legislative act__ --------- ____- -______ 121, 828 SUNDRY CIVIL ACT. Buildings and grounds in and around Washington. Improvement and care of public grounds, District of Co- lumbia: For improvement and maintenance of grounds south of Executive Mansion___ ------------ $4, 000 For ordinary care of greenhouses and nursery 2,000 For repair and reconstruction of the greenhouses at the nursery ____---------------------3,000 2060 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. SUNDRY CIVIL ACT--continued. Buildings and grounds in and around Washington-Continued.. Improvement and care of public grounds, etc.-Continued. For ordinary care of Lafayette Park----------------$2, 000 For ordinary care of Franklin Park----------------- 1, 500 For improvement and ordinary care of Lincoln Park___ 2, 000 For care and improvement of Monument Grounds and annex --------------------------------------- 7, 000 For improvement, care, and maintenance of Garfield Park ---------------------------------------- 2, 500 For construction and repair of post-and-chain fences; repair of high iron fences; constructing stone coping abodt reservations; painting watchman's lodges, iron fences, vases, lamps, and lamp-posts; repairing and extending water pipes and purchase of apparatus for cleaning them; hose; manure and hauling same; removing snow and ice; purchase and 'repair of seats and tools; trees, tree and plant stakes, labels, lime, whitewashing and stock for nursery, flowerpots, twine, baskets, wire, splints, and moss, to be purchased by contract or otherwise, as the Secretary of War may determine; care, construction and repair of fountains, abating nuisances; cleaning statues and repairing pedestals ------------------------------------ 18, 55 For improvement, care, and maintenance of various reservations, including maintenance, repair, exchange and operation of three motor-propelled passenger. carrying vehicles to be used only for official purposes, and the purchase, operation, maintenance, repair, and exchange of motorcycles for division foremen: Pro- vided, That the Chief of Engineers shall submit an- nually to Congress, a recommendation with estimates for the acquisition of any additional lands required for the mark system of the District of Columbia: Provided further, That nothing contained in the pro- vision regarding the making and enforcing of regula- tions governing the speed of motor vehicles in the District of Columbia found in section 1 of the Dis- trict Columbia act approved March 3, 1917, shall be construed to interfere with the exclusive charge and control heretofore committed to the Chief of Engineers over the park system of the District of Columbia, and he is hereby authorized and empowered to make and enforce all regulations for the control of vehicles and trafic, and limiting the speed thereof on roads, highways, and bridges within the public grounds in the District of Columbia, under his control, subject to the penalties prescribed in the act of Congress ap- proved June 29, 1906, entitled " An act regulating the speed of automobiles in the District of Columbia and' for other purposes " (see par. 8 of remarks) ------- 35, 000 For improvement, care, and maintenance of Smithson- ian.grounds (increase of $1,000 submitted; see par. 9 of remarks) ------------------ 5, 000" For restoring grounds around the new temporary ofice buildings in the Smithsonian grounds, on the west side of Seventh Street (submitted; see par. 10 of remarks) ---------------------------------------- 7, 000 PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2061 SUNDRY CIVIL ACT---continued. Buildings and grounds in and around Washington-Continued. Improvement and care of public grounds, etc.-Continued. For new roads, walks, grading, planting, and seeding in Judiciary Park in the area immediately surrounding the courthouse building: Provided, That the oficer in charge of public buildings and grounds is authorized to remove and store in a suitable place the Lincoln statue and pedestal now standing in said park (sub- mitted; see par. 11A of remarks) ---------------- $30, 500 For improvement and maintenance of Judiciary Park__ 2, 500 For constructing new walks in Judiciary Park in the area between E and F Streets (submitted, see par. 12 of remarks)-------------------------------10, 000 For laying cement and other walks in various reserva- tions (increase of $1,000 submitted; see par. 13 of remarks) ------------------------------------- 4, 000 For broken-stone road covering for parks____ ..... __ 10, 000 For curbing, coping, and flagging for park roads and walks ---------------------------------------- 2,000 For care and improvement of Rock Creek Park and the Piney Branch Parkway, exclusive of building for superintendent's residence, and including personal services in the District of Columbia: Provided, That the Chief of Engineers shall submit to Congress be- fore the first day of the next regular session a report on present needs and future uses of Rock Creek Park, with map showing what additional land is necessary for the rectification of the boundaries of the park to protect it from damage due to future private building operations (increase of $51,800 submitted; see par. 14 of remarks) _ -__--______-_________-_____75, 000 For improvement, care, and maintenance of West Po- tomac Park, including grading, soiling, seeding, plant- ing, and constructing paths (increase of $20,000 sub- mitted; see par.. 15 of remarks) 50, 000 For oiling or otherwise treating macadam roads------- 8, 000 For care and improvement of East Potomac Park, in- cluding the construction of a combined lodge and pub- lie-comfort station, and for starting the construction of a waterway for small boats across the park (in- crease of $10,000 submitted; see par. 16 of remarks) __ 60, 000 For care, maintenance, and improvement of Montrose Park (increase of $10,000 submitted; see par. 17 of remarks) ------------------------------------ 15, 000 For placing and maintaining special portions of the parks in condition for outdoor sports (increase of $5, 000 submitted; see par. 18 of remarks) ----------- 20, 000 For improvement, care, and maintenance of Meridian Hill Park__----------------------------------- 30, 000 For care and maintenance of Willow Tree Park -------- , 500 For care of the center parking in Maryland Avenue NE_ 1, 000 For operation, care, repair, and maintenance of the pumps which operate the three fountains on the Union Station Plaza_---------------------------- 4, 000 To provide for the increased cost of park maintenance (increase of $75,000 submitted; see par. 19 of re- marks) ------------------------------------- 100, 000 For care of the center parking in Pennsylvania Avenue, between Second and Seventeenth Streets, SE- -____- 2, 500' For purification of waters of the Tidal Basin, and care, maintenance and operation of the bathhouse and beach: Provided, That hereafter a uniform fee may be charged for the use of said bathhouse and beach_ - 15, 000 2062 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. SUNDRY CIVIL ACT--continued. Buildings and grounds in and around Washington-Continued. Improvement and care of public grounds, etc.-Continued. For the construction of an extension to the bathhouse and beach at the Tidal Basin bathing beach (sub- mitted; see par. 20 of remarks) __ _ ___-------_ $20, 000 For a ferry line from the vicinity of Seventh and Water Streets to East Potomac Park---------------------- 7, 000 For cement walks in grounds south of Executive Man- sion (increase of $5,000 submitted ; see par. 21 of re- marks) ------------------------------------------ 10,000 For a new lodge and comfort station in the Smithsonian grounds the sum of $4,000 appropriated by the act ap- proved July 19, 1919, is hereby made available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, and for the same pur- pose the additional sum of $3,000 is hereby appropri- ated (see par. 11 of remarks) 3, 000 For tool shed and store yard in grounds south of Execu- tive Mansion (submitted; see par. 22 of remarks) ... 1, 000 For grading, soiling, and seeding East and West Seaton Park (.increase of $10,000 submitted; see par. 23 of re- marks) __-- mark)----------------------------------------15 15, 000 0 For a new combined lodge and comfort station in Stan- ton Park (submitted; see par. 24 of remarks)-------- 7, 000 For care and maintenance of Mount Vernon Park (sub- mitted; see par. 25 of remarks)--- 1, 000 For completing construction of field house in East Potomac Park (submitted; see par. 26 of remarks)__ 200, 000 For construction of road surrounding the Lincoln Me- morial and roads leading thereto fro existing im- proved roads (submitted; see par, 27 of remarks)__ 100, 000 For the 'construction of a seawall along the water front between Easby's Point and the foot of Ne-o Hampshire Avenue, jncluding the grading and filling incident thereto (submitted; see par. 28 of remarks) ____--__ 120, 0.00 $1,014,550 Improvement and care of public grounds: For improvement, care, and maintenance of grounds of executive departments __._________._____________ 1, 000 For such trees, shrubs, plants, fertilizers, and skilled labor for the grounds of the Library of Congress as may be requested by the Superintendent of the Library Building ______-________- 1, 000 For such trees, shrubs, plants, fertilizers, and skilled labor for the grounds of the Capitol and the Senate and House Office Buildings as may be requested by the Superintendent of the Capitol Building____________ 4, 000 For improvement and maintenance of Executive Man- sion grounds (within iron fence) _______________ 5, 000 For the employment of an engineer by the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds__________ 2, 400 For purchase and repair of machinery and tools for shops at nursery, and for the repair of shops and storehouses------------------------------------- 1, 000 For drainage back of the iron fence at the north front of the Executive Mansion grounds (submitted; see par. 29 of remarks) --------------------------------- 1, 500 15, 900 Repairs, fuel, etc., Executive Mansion: For ordinary care, repair, and refurnishing of Executive Mansion, and for purchase, maintenance, and driving of horses* and vehicles for official purposes to be ex- pended by contract or otherwise, as the President may determine (increase of $10,000 submitted; see par. 30 of remarks) _______ __------_ 50, 000 For fuel for the Executive Mansion and greenhouses-- 8, 000 PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2063 SUNDRY CIVIL ACT--continued. Buildings and grounds in and around Washington-Continued. Repairs, fuel, etc., Executive Mansion-Continued. For care and maintenance of greenhouses, Executive Mansion ___- _____-_____________________ -- $9, 000 For repairs to greenhouses, Executive Mansion--------- 3, 000 For reconstructing one greenhouse, Executive Mansion (increase of $2,000 submitted; see par. 31 of re- marks) __-_ - ______-_ ____________________ 6,000 etc. :000 $76, 000 Lighting, etc., Executive Mansion, For lighting the Executive Mansion, grounds, and green- houses, including all necessary expense of installation, maintenance, and repair------------__________________ ___ 8, 600 Lighting public grounds, District of Columbia: For lighting the public grounds, watchmen's lodges, offices, and greenhouses at the Propagating Gardens, including all necessary expenses of installation, main- tenance and repair (increase of $15,000 submitted; see par. 32 of remarks)__________________________ 38, 000 For heating offices, watchmen's lodges, and green- houses at the Propagating Gardens----------------- 4, 500 42, 500 Telegraph to connect the Capitol with departments and Government Printing Office: For care and repair of existing lines_ --------- 500 Care and maintenance of Washington -Monument: For custodian, $1,200; steam engineer, $960; assistant steam engineer, $840; fireman, $660; assistant fire- man, $660; conductor of elevator car, $900; attendant on floor, $720; attendant on top floor, $720; three night and day watchmen at $720 each; in all-------------- 8, 820 For fuel, lights, oil, waste, packing, tools, .matches, paints, brushes, brooms, lanterns, rope, nails, screws, lead, electric lights, heating apparatus, oil stoves for elevator car and upper and lower floors, repairs to engines, boilers, dynamos, elevator, and repairs of all kinds, connected with the Monument and machinery, and purchase of all necessary articles for keeping the Monument, machinery, elevator, and electric plant in good order ___-- ____ --- ________________ 4, 500 For extra services of employees and for additional sup- plies and materials to provide for the opening of the Monument to the public on Sundays and legal holi- days (increase of $500 submitted, see par. 33 of re- marks) -------------------------------------- 2, 500 15, 820 Repairs to building where Abraham Lincoln died: For painting and miscellaneous repairs- _______ _ 200 Improvements, birthplace of Washington, Wakefield, Va.: For repairs to fences and cleaning up and maintaining grounds about the monument __ ---------------------- 100 Reflecting pool in West Potomac Park: For continuing the construction of a reflecting pool in West Potomac Park, to be immediately available and to remain available until expended. (Increase of $25,000 submitted, see par. 34 of remarks) _________ 200, 000 Care-and maintenance of Lincoln Memorial: For custodian, $1,200; 3 watchmen at $720 each (in- crease of 2 submitted) ; 2 laborers at $660 each (in- crease of 1 submitted, see par. 35 of remarks) ; in all_ 4, 680 For heat, light, and miscellaneous labor and supplies_ 2, 000 6, 680 Total under sundry civil act_________-_ _---------_ 1,384,850 125851-EN G 1919----130 2064 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ACT. Maintenance of Highway Bridge across Potomac River, D. C.: Draw operators, 2 at $1,020 each; 2 at $720 each; 4 watchmen at $720 each; labor, $3,000; lighting, power, and miscellaneous supplies and expenses of every kind necessarily incident to the operation and maintenance of the bridge and approaches, $12,000 (increase of $2,500 submitted, see par. 36 of remarks) ; in all $------------------------------- 21, 360 For painting the floor, beams, stringers, and plates under the roadway of the bridge (submitted; see par. 37 of remarks) --------------------------------------------- 10,000 Total under District of Columbia act----__---------------- 31, 360 REMARKS CONCERNING ESTIMATES. 1. The largely increased work devolving upon the landscape archi- tect has rendered it necessary that he should have an assistant in landscape work. The parks contain over 2,800 acres and they present many problems in landscape architecture, forestry, etc., which must be solved in order that they may be properly developed. An estimate for a landscape designer at $2,400 is therefore submitted and recom- mended. It is not believed that a suitable man can be secured at a lower salary. 2. The largely increased work of the office makes necessary the regu- lar employment of an additional engineer, especially in connection with building, inspection, and construction work, and an estimate for a junior engineer at $2,100 is submitted for this purpose. 3. Three additonal sergeants at $950 each, and seven additional privates requested. It is proposed to assign one sergeant and eight privates to Rock Creek Park, which has now no park police force, having been guarded by Metropolitan policemen detailed by the Com- missioners of the District of Columbia, and who should be returned to their legitimate duties of policing the city streets. One of the ad- ditional sergeants is needed to take the place of a private of the existing force now detailed as acting sergeant, as it requires three sergeants to inspect the force during the day and night. The designation of this force should also be changed to " Park policemen." This more definitely describes their duties and would, it is believed, result in an increased authority in their dealings with the public. 4. The estimate for contingent and incidental expenses has been in- creased from $800 to $1,000. The increase in the work of the office requires the purchase of a greater quantity of stationery and office sup- plies. Some of the furniture needs replacing; and the quantity of telephone service is increasing the cost of that item alone, amounting to approximately $300 per year. 5. The item for bicycles, revolvers, and ammunition has been in- creased from $1,500 to $2,000 in order that the nine additional police- men estimated for may be provided with these articles. 6. The estimate for motor cycles has been increased from $1,176, which is the amount allowed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, to $1,908 for 1921, in order that machines may be purchased for the PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2065 use of the park policemen requested for Rock Creek Park. The cost of a new machine will be at least $300, while the upkeep of each motor cycle costs approximately $144 per annum. 7. The item for uniforms has been increased by $720 in order to" provide for the nine additional park policemen estimated for. 8. In the District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 3, 1917 (vol. 39, Stat., 1012), it is provided that on and after July 1, 1917, the Commissioners of the District of Columbia are authorized to make and enforce all regulations governing the speed of motor vehicles in the District of Columbia. Under this authority im- portant changes were made by the commissioners in March, 1919, in traffic regulations, which conflict with the regulations for the speed of vehicles in the parks and on the Highway Bridge made by the Chief of Engineers in accordance with the authority contained in the act of Congress approved July 1, 1898 (vol. 30, Stat., 570-571). In order to remove this conflict it is recommended that the provision attached to the item "Various reservations " be enacted into law. 9. These grounds and roadways are being used by many more people than formerly, and the amount appropriated does not pro- vide sufficient funds to employ the necessary men to keep the area in a sightly condition, purchase fertilizer, and care for the trees and shrubbery. 10. When the Construction Division of the War Department completed the erection of the temporary building in the Smithsonian grounds, their funds were exhausted and no money was available for the restoration of the grounds damaged by the construction work. The area has been left in a very unsightly condition, and the amount asked for is necessary to do the grading,, soiling, and seeding to restore the grounds and put them in suitable condition. 11. The unsightly frame buildings now in the SmithsGnian grounds do not provide the space necessary for park watchmen and the storage of tools used by park laborers in this section. There are also no toilet facilities in the present buildings, and these are needed very badly because of the increased use of the park by a great many people. It was to make provision for these several needs that an appropriation was recommended in the estimates for 1920. Only $4,000 was granted however, which will not be used, as it is insuf- ficient. 11a. The reconstruction of the courthouse building in Judiciary Park is nearing completion, the work having been done under the supervision of the Superintendent of the Capitol Building and Grounds, who has no funds available for the construction of the walks around the building, the road leading to the rear entrance, and the grounds adjacent to the building which have been consid- erably damaged by the reconstruction work. The walks should be constructed and the grounds restored at an early date, as the build- ing will soon be ready for use. An estimate of $30,500 for the work is therefore submitted and recommended. 12. The walks between E and F Streets in Judiciary Park are old asphalt and gravel walks, constructed more than 20 years ago. These walks are in a very bad condition and should be renewed and made wider for the increased travel through the park. There 2066 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. is at present about 300 per cent increase in pedestrian travel through this park to that of the period when the walks were laid out and constructed. 13. The condition of the walks through the parks is such that, with the increased cost of construction work, the additional amount requested will be necessary to maintain them in safe condition for pedestrian travel. 14. The increase in the estimate for the improvement, care, and maintenance of Rock Creek Park is submitted in order to provide funds for making the necessary repairs to the Pierce Mill so that it may be made an attractive tea house for the serving of refreshments to those who visit the park. Also, to clean out the dead and fallen timber and construct a crossroad in the upper end of the park from the Beach Drive to Daniels Road. 15. The construction of the Lincoln Memorial will be completed during the coming year, and in order to improve the surrounding grounds by soiling, seeding, and planting the estimate for this park should be increased to the amount requested. 16. The first nine greens of the golf course in this park have been constructed and seeded, the hazards completed and the fairways will be seeded during the coming fall, which will permit the use of the course by the 1st of July, 1920. The maintenance of this portion of the course will cost $10,000 per year, and it is requested that this additional sum be added to the former amount provided for the improvement, care, and maintenance of this park. 17. Plans for this park provide for the construction of a large fountain at the entrance and walks leading from this fountain to different points in the park. The increase is requested to provide for these improvements during the coming fiscal year. 18 The demand for these facilities has so increased that the sum provided is now entirely inadequate to meet more than a small por- tion of the demands made upon it. During the present fiscal year 10 new tennis courts were added, and the maintenance of these, in addition to the baseball diamonds, croquet, soccer, hockey, and numerous other sports, will require the full amount appropriated for maintenance. The additional amount requested is to increase the facilities for healthful outdoor exercises. 19. The pay of park laborers has increased more than 75 per cent in the past two years. This, and the increased cost of materials for maintenance work, will require the additional amount asked for, if the parks are to be maintained in first-class condition. 20. Experience at the Tidal Basin bathhouse during the summer of 1912 and also during the opening month of the present season has shown that the facilities afforded by the present bathhouse are entirely insufficient. This open-air bathing is a very popular form of recreation, and now that the Government departments are so expanded it is considered very necessary to give additional facilities. It is desired that the capacity of the women's wing be doubled, and an estimate for an appropriation for this purpose is submitted. 21. There is an enormous increase in the number of people using the walk around the Ellipse in going to and from the new office buildings west of Seventeenth Street. This is making a great many trespass lines, owing to the fact that no suitable walks exist. These PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2067 trespasses give a very unsightly appearance to the park, and it is to provide walks to correct this condition that the estimate of $10,000 is submitted. 22. There is no place in the ground south of the Executive Mansion where large tools, such as reapers, horse rollers, pushcarts, wheelbar- rows, etc.., used in the maintenance of these grounds daily, can be kept. It is necessary to either leave them out in the weather or lose one hour each day taking them to and from the storehouse. When trash is collected during the day, it is piled up in sight of the people using the area, and gives an unsightly appearance to the park. It is to provide a shelter for the tools, and an inclosure where trash and rubbish can be kept out of sight that this appropriation is requested. 23. The erection of the temporary office buildings in West Seaton Park and the use of East Seaton Park for the storage of material and the erection of work shops have ruined all the turf on these areas, which are now covered with clay and when dry the dust blows in the office buildings. The park now presents the appearance of an unsightly common, and to correct this the bare area should be soiled and seeded. 24. The small lodge now in Stanton Park does not provide the space nec essary for the park watchmen and the storage of tools used by the park laborers in this section. There are also no toilet facilities in the present building, and these are needed badly, because the park is used by a great many people. It is to make provision for these several needs that an appropriation is recommended. The estimates submitted to Congress for the fiscal year 1919 call for an appropria- tion of $5,000 for this lodge, but sundry civil bill for 1919 makes an appropriation of only $3,500 for this purpose. It will be impossible to construct a suitable lodge for that amount, and owing to the increased cost of construction the estimate of last year has been increased to $7,000. 25. Mount Vernon Park, in which the public library is located, has now been brought to a high state of improvement, and will re- quire constant care and attention to keep it so. It is, therefore, de- sirable that a separate appropriation be made-for its care and main- tenance, as is done with some of the other parks in the city. 26. The construction of the two wings of the field house will be completed during the present season, and in order to fully utilize these to the best advantage and permit the use of the surrounding grounds, the construction of the center portion should be authorized. The wings are built on spread foundation and have already settled considerably. The center portion will be constructed upon a pile foundation, and for this reason the cost of this portion will be increased over the original estimate. 27. The construction of the Lincoln Memorial and masonry ap- proaches will be completed early the coming fall, and the grading of the grounds surrounding the memorial will have reached such a stage that the construction of the roads leading to the memorial from B Street will become necessary in order to permit the public to visit this beautiful structure. The estimate submitted is to provide funds for the construction of the circular road around the memorial and the road leading to this road from B Street. 2068 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 28. This appropriation is asked in order to provide an entrance to Potomac Park by way of New Hampshire Avenue, which shall be in harmony with the approved plans for the approaches to the Lin- coln Memorial and with the authorized Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway project. The proposed wall will conform to the harbor line approved by the Secretary of War June 2, 1911, and will make available the authorized site for the Titanic memorial shortly to be built from funds privately provided. 29. There is no drainage for the front lawn of the White House and during freezing weather, storm water and water accumulated from melting snow collects back of the base to the fence and flows out over the base onto the pavement along Pennsylvania Avenue. The estimate submitted is to provide for the drainage along the back of this fence. 30. An increase of $10,000 is requested in the appropriation for care, repair, and refurnishing the White House. The increase of $5,000 allowed for 1919 and 1920, has not covered the increased cost of maintenance and repair. In order to maintain this building and its furnishings in the condition in which they should be kept, this additional amount is urgently recommended. 31. These houses are very much in need of reconstruction, having been constructed originally with materials from the greenhouses at the White House, which were moved in 1902. The amount appro- priated for 1920 will only reconstruct one of the smaller houses, and owing to the increased cost of construction, the additional amount will be necessary to reconstruct one of the larger houses used for growing cut flowers. 32. The sum of $15,000 has been added to the item for lighting the public grounds. Of this $1,000 is needed to provide lights at the extreme southern point of East Potomac Park. During the past year the ground at the point has been graded, cleared, and seeded, providing an area for picnics. During the present year it is the intention of this office to construct a cement walk around the sea wall at the point. Lights should be provided for these two areas so that they can be used at night by persons wishing to enjoy the cool breezes without being annoyed by objectionable characters. The additional $14,000 requested is to provide lights for Rock Creek Park. The narrow unlighted curved roads in the park make driving after dark very dangerous. In addition the absence of lights con- duces to immorality. 33. The increase of $500 in this appropriation is requested to cover the increased cost of supplies used to provide for keeping the Monu- ment open on Sundays and legal holidays. When this appropria- tion was first granted in 1915, $2,500 was allowed for this purpose. 34. An appropriation of $175,000 has been made in the sundry civil bill for 1920 for commencing work for this pool, which is $25,000 less than the amount requested. The total estimated cost of the pool, if a waterproof bottom is required, is $500,000, and $200,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. 35. The item for the care, protection, and maintenance of the Lin- coln Memorial has been increased by $2,100 in order to provide for two watchmen and two laborers instead of one each. This me- NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2069 morial is a large and costly structure, and to properly protect it will require a watchman at all times. If the custodian is present in the daytime, there will remain two night shifts for which watchmen must be provided. The one laborer allowed for 1920 will be entirely inadequate to keep the memorial in presentable condition, and it is urgently requested that another laborer be provided. 36. The item for labor has been increased by $1,000 to provide for the increase in the rate of pay of laborers and the item for lighting, power, miscellaneous supplies, etc., for the Highway Bridge has been increased by $1,500 to provide for the increased cost of supplies, ma- terial, etc., used in the care, maintenance, and operation of the bridge. 37. The floor beams, stringers, and buckle plates under the floor of the bridge are corroding badly and should be painted as soon as possible. This portion of the bridge is subject to condensation and the seepage of road water along the tracks and curbs, causing the steel to corrode much more rapidly than other portions of the bridge, and thus should be painted more often. Financial statement for fiscal year ending June 30, 1919. Available Out- at begin- Expended standing Covered Unex- Title of appropriation. ning of during liabilities by uncom pended fiscal year. June 1919., contracts. balances. fiscal year. Improvement and care of public grounds Dis- trict of Columbia, 1919... .... Improvement and care of public erounds, 1919... ......... $315, 298. 40 19, 400.00 $294,631.91 $8, 703.30 $5,865.00 15,803.72 2,617. 56 $6,098.19 978.72 Rpairs, fuel, etc., Executive Mansion 1919.... 64, 000,00 59, 528.01 3, 052,15 1,419.84 Li.ting;etc., Executive Mansion, 1919 .. ... 8, C00.'0 4,892.16 1,900.21 1,807.60 Lighting public grounds District of Columbia, 1919... .. ........................ 27, 300.00 22,241.03 4,077.23 ......... 981.74 Telegraph to connect the Capitol with the de- partments and the Government Printing Office, 1919..................... .......... 500.00 477.51 22.49 ................ Contingent expenses public buildings and grounds, 1919_..... ... ....... 5,133.00 3,371.08 1, 598.51 ........... 163.38 Salaries of employees public buildings and grounds, 1919 .......................... 89,090.00 83, 281.73 741.05. 5,067.22 Care and maintenance of the Washington Monu- ment, 1919................................... 15,3?0.00 14,767.84 178.58 ........... 373.58 Repairs to building where Abraham Lincoln died, 1919..... .................... 200.00 200.00 Improvements birthplace of Washington, Wake- fieldVa. 1919............................ 100.00 100.00 ........... I... .7.10 If Tidal Basin bathing beach, 1919.......... .... 48,00.0 0 46,889.15 1,103.75 ..... ..... ........ Maintenance of Highway Bridge across Potomac River, D. C., 1919..... . ........ - Memorial to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant . -............ 36,982'0 15,087.87 4,450.73 40,630.13 2,784.72 ..... ...... 37.845.41 17, 443. 40 Monument to Commodore John Barry......... 133.38 .......... 133.38 Monument in memory of Francis Scott Key and others, Fort Mc1Jebry, Baltimore Md........ 38, 528.45 226.48 .28 37, 000.00 1,301.69 Rock Creek Park, District of Columbia, 1919..... 19,289.42 17, 382.40 1,906.42 ........ .60 Unveiling and dedicating the Memorial to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant...................... 5, 000.00 5,000.00 SURVEY OF NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. Conducted by the United States Lake Survey office, Detroit, Mich. GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITS OF DISTRICT. The American waters of the Great Lakes and their connecting and outflow rivers from St. Regis, on the St. Lawrence River, to the heads 2070 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. of Lakes Michigan and Superior; the natural navigable waters of the New York State canals; Lake Champlain; and Lake of the Woods and other boundary and connecting waters between said lake and Lake S.uperior. District engineer: F. G. Ray, assistant engineer. Division engineer: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The operations under appropriations "Survey of northern and northwestern lakes " cover the entire district described above, and also have been extended at times into Canadian waters, to include main traveled courses for American commerce and boundary rivers, where surveys were essential to the integrity of the navigation charts. The areas of the various waterways and the lengths of their shore lines are given on page 1690, Annual Report of the Chief of Engi- neers for 1915. ORIGINAL CONDITION. Prior to 1841, when the work of the Lake Survey was begun, there were no charts of the Lakes except those of the British Admiralty, compiled from the surveys of Capt. H. W. Bayfield, of the royal navy; and these were not in general use by the masters of American vessels. These charts were the results of rapid reconnoissances, and, although the coast lines were shown with remarkable accuracy, considering the rough methods of survey employed, the charts were of little use to the navigator, as they showed the depths of water in but few places and mapped but very few of the many dangerous reefs and shoals. There were few lighthouses and beacons to mark the dan- gers to navigation, and in the absence of charts pilots were obliged to rely upon their own knowledge, which was frequently acquired only by stranding or loss of vessels. The commerce, which was then largely confined to Lakes Erie and Ontario, was attended annually by much loss of life and property. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. The initial appropriation for general surveys of the Lakes was carried by the act of Congress approved March 3, 1841, and this may be considered as the date of adoption of the original project. Slight modifications in the scope of the work were made by sub- sequent appropriation acts as follows: March 3, 1849; March 3,1853; March 3, 1869; March 3, 1873; March 3, 1881; August 7, 1882; March 2, 1889; June 6, 1900; June 28, 1902. The final appropriation pre- vious to the adoption of the existing project was provided by the sundry civil act of June 30, 1906. The aggregate of expenditures from the beginning of the work to and including those from funds appropriated by the act of June 30, 1906, is $3,974,967.19. For scope of previous projects, see page 3620 of Annual Report for 1916. NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2071 EXISTING PROJECT. The work is organized under the following divisions: (1) Surveys for charting purposes. (2) Preparing, correcting, printing, and issuing the charts. (3) Publishing and distributing descriptive annual bulletins, with monthly supplements and special notices to mariners supplementing the charts. (4) Investigation of lake levels with a view to their regulation, including observations and studies of hydraulic conditions in the outlets. Surveys-Grealt Lakes.-The existing general project, stated in detail in the Annual Report for 1907, pages 844 to 850, comprises the following work necessary to render the surveys and the charts ade- quate to respond to all probable future demands, viz., the ascertain- m'ent and charting of lake depths in all significant regions of the Great Lakes to a plane 30 feet below the adopted low-water datum of the open lakes and 25 feet below the corresponding datum in the channels of the connecting rivers; the completion of triangulation and precise leveling needed to control properly the areas under sur- vey; river-discharge measurements; investigations of lake levels;. magnetic surveys in and near main vessel courses; and prompt exami- nation of areas where obstructions to navigation have been reported. Surveys-New York State canals.-The sundry civil act of Marche 4, 1911, provided that the survey be extended to include the lakes and other natural navigable waters of the New York State canals. The- project contemplated revision and adjustment by field reconnoissance of all existing survey data pertaining thereto, supplemented by such additional topographic and hydrographic surveys as might be re- quired for the publication of navigation charts of these waters. Field work under this project has now been completed. Surveys-Lake Champlain.-The scope of Lake Survey operations was extended by the sundry civil act of June 23, 1913, to include Lake Champlain, and accordingly jurisdiction of surveying and charting it was transferred from the Coast and Geodetic Survey. A definite project has not yet been formulated. It appears probable' that quite extensive surveys will be necessary in order to modernize the charts, which are now, for the most part, made up from the orig- inal surveys of 1870-1874. Surveys-Boundary woaters between the Lake of the Woods and Lake Superior.-The sundry civil act of August 1, 1914, added these waters to the Lake Survey's charge. The project will provide for supplementing the surveys of the International Boundary Commis- sions with such additional field work as may be required for complet- ing the data needed in the preparation of navigation charts. This additional work will consist largely of hydrography, the extent of which has not yet been ascertained. Charts.-The existing chart project adopted April 17, 1909, pro- vides for revising old charts and preparing new ones. Further de- tails concerning it and a detailed statement of the work required to complete it are printed on pages 1918-1923 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1917. The number now in force, not including one chart of the Lake of the Woods, is 119, while the proposed series will contain 122 separate- charts, as follows:, 2072 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Estimated number of Lake Survey charts of Great Lakes_ __105 -------------- Charts of natural navigable waters of the navigation system of New York State canals------ ------------------------------------------- 7 Charts of Lake Champlain__--------------------------------------- 5 Hydrographic Office general charts of the Lakes______________________ 5 Number of charts contemplated in final series (not including Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters) --------------------------------- 122 This is not considered as a final and definite determination of the number of charts that will be needed, as it is recognized that chang- ing conditions may indicate later the advisability of discontinuing some of those n'ow issued or may show the need of charts not pro- vided for in this project. Bulletins.-The work pertaining to the Bulletin of the Survey of Northern and Northwestern Lakes consists in publishing an annually revised volume of coast and harbor descriptions, etc., issued about April, and seven supplements containing changes and additions, issued monthly from May to November. Investigation of lake levels.-The present general project is the continuation and extension of that published in the Annual Report for 1898, pages 3774-3776, which proposes the determination of the following questions: 1. The laws of flow in the interlake and outflow rivers at various stages of water. 2. The causes and extent of fluctuations of lake levels from year to year. 3. The effect of Government improvements already made or that may be made on lake levels. 4. The effect of the Chicago Drainage Canal or other like artificial outlet on lake levels. 5. The practicability and advisability of regulating lake levels by dams or locks and dams. 6. The natureand effect of currents, with special reference to the transporta- tion of loose material and its obstruction of channels. 7. The effect of gales, storm waves, and barometric pressure on lake levels and currents. 8. Ice effects as respects action on channels and interference with navigation. The work required in the series of observations may be summarized as fol- lows: (a) Measurements of discharge through and surface slopes of lake- connecting channels; (b) soundings and borings in rivers and lakes; (c) lake current observations and measurements; (d) continuous records of water gauges, force and direction of winds, and other meteorological data at selected stations. Estimated cost of the work.-In the Annual Report for 1908 it was estimated that, assuming adequate appropriations, the general lake survey project described in the Annual Report for 1907 could be com- pleted in 1918. Since that estimate was made, however, the scope of operations has been enlarged by the acts of Congress approved March 4, 1911, June 23, 1913, and August 1, 1914, to include the natural navigable waters of the New York canals, Lake Champlain, and the Lake of the Woods and other boundary and connecting waters between said lake and Lake Superior. The expense of surveys of the New York canals and the Lake of the Woods, and the increased cost of publishing lake charts due to the increased demand therefor, have decreased the amounts avail- able for field work on the Great Lakes, and it has been necessary to shorten the season of the field parties or to leave out of commis- sion for entire seasons a portion of the floating plant and equipment. NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2073 The rate of progress has been -further affected by the greatly in- creased cost of labor, fuel, and supplies during the past few years. With the added duties and under conditions now existing it is esti- mated that appropriations of $125,000 per annum will permit of completing the project in 1925. Greater economy of operations will be possible, however, if larger appropriations are made available for the next two or three years, so that not only would this time be shortened but the aggregate cost of the work would be diminished. Along with the preparation of new charts and the revision of old charts to the latest approved standards, which are essential features of the project, the Lake Survey must maintain, as a continuing or going service, the integrity and accuracy of the whole series of charts so as to keep pace with constantly changing conditions. This fea- ture of maintenance is one of primary importance, and the varying demands which it makes upon the working force and the available funds affect the progress of work on the project. Consequently, the estimates for time of completion are necessarily somewhat indefinite. After the completion of the general project the changing condi- tions of harbors, rivers, and shores, the occurrence of wrecks and of other artificial obstructions to navigation, will require the main- tenance of a small equipment and organization for the revision and issuance of charts and bulletins, for minor surveys and investiga- tions in connection with wrecks and other obstructions, and for the dissemination of information to mariners. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. Surveys.-On July 1, 1918, four field parties were employed on survey work on the Great Lakes. Their operations were continued until the close of their respective seasons on November 7, 8, 9, and December 12. The floating plant and equipment were then laid up for the winter and the party organizations disbanded. Field work was resumed in March, 1919, a temporary party being engaged on surveys on Detroit River and Lake St. Clair from March 24 to May 27. A second party, organized for hydrographic surveys on Lake Michigan, left Detroit on May 13, and was employed at the northerly end of that lake and in the Straits of Mackinac at the close of the year. A third party left Detroit on May 16 to resume surveys on Lake Erie, but a shortage of funds caused by emergency repairs to the floating plant necessitated its recall on May 26. A detailed account of the field work is included in the accompanying report of the district engineer. The localities of work and character of surveys are as follows: Lake Erie: North shore, Pelee Passage, and east and west of Pelee Island, sweeping; northeast of Fairport, Ohio, searching for reported wreck. Detroit River and Lake St. Clair: Triangulation, topography, and sounding. Lake Huron: Thunder Bay, locating submerged wreck. Lake Michigan: North shore easterly from Scotts Point to Straits of Mackinac, triangulation; from.Scotts Point to Biddle Point, topography; and from Scotts Point to Naubinway, sweeping and sounding. Straits of Mackinac and northeast end of Lake Michigan, primary triangu- lation. Lake Superior: Whitefish Bay and south shore westerly of Whitefish Point, sweeping and sounding. Miscellaneous: The field parties, en route to and from their season's work, inspected and repaired the various automatic gauges which are being ma.in- 2074 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tained for the registering of water levels on the Great Lakes and connecting rivers. Charts.-During the year ending June 30, 1919, the Lake Survey issued 16 editions in colors of charts, as follows: Four newly en- graved charts and 11 revised and corrected Lake Survey charts of the Great Lakes, or 15 in all, and 1 new chart of the Lake of the Woods series. Of 5 insets included on these charts 1 was repro- duced from a harbor chart and 4 were corrected reprints. In addition to the regular chart preparation, an inset showing the separate channels for downbound and upbound traffic at Pipe Island, Lower St. Marys River, was prepared and inserted in Sup- plement No. 5 to Bulletin No. 27, issued September 20, 1918. The following compilation represents the progress of operations during the year on (1) Lake Survey charts of the Great Lakes under the general project of April 17, 1909, and (2) charts assigned to Lake Survey jurisdiction since formulation of that project: 1. Lake Survey charts of Great Lakes. New charts completed during the year, based on both standards of pro- jection and hydrography (including 3 to replace obsolete charts)_------ 4 Chart revised during year to standard low-water datum- - 1 Corrected editions printed during the year for stock maintenance of series - _- _ ___ _ 10 Total number of editions published during year_ 15 Number of insets included on charts published during the year___ _____ 5 Charts discontinued during year (formerly separate chart, now an inset and 3 replaced by new charts) __---_________________- 4 Net gain in total number of current series_______________________ 0 Net gain in number of charts based on both standards_ 3 Net gain in number of all charts revised for geodetic datum (deducting 4 discontinued )_____ _ - 0 Net gain in number of all charts revised for low-water reference (deduct- ing 2 discontinued) _ ..... __ __-_ 3 2. Charts assigned to Lake Survey since 1909 project. New chart of Lake of the Woods completed during the year, based on both standards - -- - -______________________1 At the end of the fiscal year copperplates and stone engravings of 8 existing charts were being revised to standards or corrected for cur- rent changes preparatory to the printing of editions, and engravings were being made for 1 new chart of the Great Lakes series (which is to replace obsolete chart) and 3 charts of the New York canals series. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, the number of charts sold by the Detroit office was 12,531, and by.the Buffalo, Albany, and New York offices 2,017, the aggregate sales being 14,548. The pro- ceeds of the sales, amounting to $3,455.05, were deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States. The Detroit office issued 3,791 charts for official use, and the Buffalo, Albany, and New York offices 285, a total of 4,076. Bulletin, etc.-The present edition of the bulletin is 2,300 copies. Supplements Nos. 3 to 7, Bulletin No. 27, were issued between July and November of the season of 1918. Bulletin No. 28 was published in April, and Supplements Nos. 1 and 2 were issued in May and June of the 1919 season. NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2075 Investigation of lake ,levels.-The operation of 1 staff and 10 self- registering gages was continued throughout the year. The records of the automatic gages, showing graphically and continuously the changes in stages of water on the lakes and rivers, have been reduced, and the results have been compiled and used in connection with the surveys and charting and with the continued investigation of lake levels. The compilation of rainfall and run-off data and the study of their relation to lake levels have been continued; a new formula for the discharge of the Detroit River has been derived, and new determina- tions have been made of the effects on lake levels of ice in the outflow rivers. Mean discharges for all of the Great Lakes at the mean stage of each for the past 59 years have been determined from the latest dis- charge formulas and are given in table printed on page 2077 of this report. A second table, printed on page 3862, shows the monthly water levels from July 1, 1918, to June 30, 1919, at Marquette, Mich., on Lake Superior; Milwaukee, Wis., on Lake Michigan; Harbor Beach, Mich., on Lake Huron; Cleveland, Ohio, on Lake Erie; and Oswego, N. Y., on Lake Ontario. CONDITION AT THE END OF FISCAL YEAR. Surveys.-It is estimated that the field work accomplished pre- vious to 1907, when the present project for surveys on the Great Lakes was formulated, will furnish about 50 per cent of the aggregate survey data which will be available and of live value when this project is completed. On the same basis, the progress to June 30, 1919, is 90 per cent. The present state of the various operations is about as follows: Triangulation, 96 per cent complete; precise lev- eling, 100 per cent; topography, 90 per cent; ordinary sounding (including sweeping), 90 per cent; deep-sea sounding, 15 per cent; hydraulic measurements, 100 per cent; and magnetic observations, 97 per cent complete on land and 54 per cent on water. The project for New York State canal surveys has been com- pleted. The work on the Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters, at the end of the fiscal year, was about 20 per cent complete. Charts.-On June 30, 1919, there were in force 120 charts, com- prising 106 Lake Survey charts of the Great Lakes, 4 of Lake Cham- plain, 4 of New York canals, 1 of Lake of the Woods, and 5 Hydro- graphic Office charts of the Great Lakes. These charts are kept on sale at the Lake Survey Office at Detroit, at the Canal Office at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and at the United States Engineer offices in Buf- falo, Albany, and New York City. Complete sample sets may be seen at the United States Engineer offices at Duluth, Milwaukee, Chicago, Grand Rapids, Cleveland, and Oswego, enabling pur- chasers to select exactly the charts they wish to order. From 1882 to June 30, 1919, a total sum of $65,131.39 was derived from the sale of charts and deposited in the United States Treasury. In all, 598,958 of these charts have been sold and issued for actual service. 2076 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. The following table shows the condition of work under the chart project at the end of the fiscal year: Lake Survey charts of Great Lakes: Total number of new or revised charts completed for both standards (geodetic datum and low water) on June 30, 1919--------- 96 Charts revised for geodetic datum alone------------ 4 Charts revised for low-water reference alone------------------- 3 Charts not revised to either standard___________________________ 3 Total unit count on June 30, 1919__---------_ 106 Total number of insets appearing on published charts on June 30, 1919_ 48, Total number of charts revised for geodetic datum (combining the 96 and 4 above) -------------------------------------------- 100 Total number of charts revised for low-water reference (combining the .96 and 3 above) ------------------------------------------ 99 New chart in process of engraving (to replace obsolete chart)-------- 1 Charts undergoing revision to standards ----------------------- 2 Charts of New York State canals: Completed, based on both standards__ ________________- 4 In process of engraving ------------------------------------ 3 Charts of Lake Champlain: Completed, based on both standards----------------------------- 4 Hydrographic Office charts: Charts of Great Lakes on Mercator projection-------------- 5 Charts of Lake of the Woods series: Completed, based on both standards______________-_______--____ 1 For completion of the chart project for the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, and the New York canals as outlined on pages 1919-1922 of the Chief of Engineers Report for 1917, the following work, a portion of which is well advanced, remained unfinished on June 30, 1919: (a) The preparation and issue of six entirely new charts, viz, Burlington Harbor, New York State Canals Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Rouge River, and head of Detroit River. * (b) The preparation and issue of four new charts to replace charts now obsolete or soon to become so, viz, Lake Ontario general chart, Charlotte Harbor, Detroit River, and Lake St. Clair. (c) The revision to low-water reference plane of two charts, viz, coast charts Nos. 4 and 5, Lake Ontario. (d) The revision for projection of three charts, viz, Holland Harbor, Grand Haven Harbor, and Portage Lake Harbor. (e) The revision to both standards of one chart, viz, Eagle Harbor. (f) The preparation and addition to appropriate coast or other charts of five insets of harbors, three of which are to be newly engraved, viz, Vermilion, Ohio, Pentwater, Mich., and Ford River, Mich., and two to be reproduced from present harbor charts, viz, Fairport, Ohio, and Two Harbors, Minn. Only the latter requires revision to standards. (g) The revision for projection only of four existing insets, viz, Serpent Har- bor and Little Detroit, Ont., Charlevoix, Mich., and Port Wing, Wis. Bulletins.-The bulletins, which contain descriptions of coast lines, harbors, channels, menaces to navigation, and other important in- formation supplementary to the charts but of too voluminous a char- acter to be incorporated thereon, are issued free in connection with the charts. They are distributed annually according to a carefully revised mailing list, and a stock of the current bulletin and the sup- plements thereto is kept in hand for issue to new chart purchasers. Investigation of lake levels.-The formulas expressing the laws of flow with respect to varying lake stages and the years of measurement from which they were derived are printed on page 1928 of the Chief of Engineers' Report for 1917. The conditions governing the out- flow' from Lake Superior have undergone numerous changes since the NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2077 last hydraulic measurements were made, due to lock and canal con- struction and to the extension of regulating works in the rapids above the International Bridge. The formula of discharge for St. Marys River is therefore no longer applicable. As the river is now under partial regulation and will soon be under complete control, further measurements are not contemplated. The formulas for the St. Clair, Niagara., and St. Lawrence Rivers have been determined with a high degree of accuracy and are applicable to present condi- tions. The hydraulic work on the outflow rivers may now be con- sidered complete unless natural or artificial changes in regimen in any one of the last three named render present values obsolete. The following table gives a summary of discharges from the several lakes, determined from the above formulas, corresponding to their mean stages for the last 59 calendar years: Table of mean discharges. Mean elevation for 59 years (1860-1918) above mean Corresponding mean discharge in cubic feet of water sea level, in feet. per second.' Lake. Stage. River. Discharge. Superior.... ..................... Michigan-Huron..................... 602.29 581.16 St. Marys (under regulation) .......... St. Clair........................... ... 206, 2 000 St. Clair at Flats Canal................... .. 575. 64 Detroit............................. . 211,000 Erie ..................................... 572.53 Niagara.............................. 21 000 Ontario ................................. 246.18 St. Lawrence....... ... ...............241, 000 1 The volumes of discharge are for open-season flow and for the conditions of outflow that existed at the time of the latest measurements. They do not include the flow in the Chicago Drainage Canal nor the flow from Lake Erie through the Welland and Erie Canals. The discharge for Detroit River is derived by adding a proportional amount of drainage for the Lake St. Clair Basin to the outflow through St. Clair River. The temperatures of air and of surface water over the lakes have been observed at special stations and by the field parties engaged on hydrographic and magnetic work for several years, and these and other meteorological data are being compiled, and the study and analysis of the same are in progress for the purpose of determining the cause and probable extent of the fluctuations of lake levels and the nature and effect of lake currents. Expenditures under existing project.-.The total expenditures un- der the existing project up to June 30, 1919, amounts to $1,437,059.68. LOCAL COOPERATION. At the time the project was adopted no conditions were imposed by law to provide for local cooperation. The Lake Survey has always received valuable assistance from the district engineer offices, with which there is excellent cooperation, and has frequently been fur- nished important information and data by mariners or from other private sources. The hydrographic survey of Canada and the office of the State engineer and surveyor of New York have also supplied a large amount of data used in the preparation of general charts of the lakes and New York canal charts, respectively; and the Inter- national Boundary Commissions and the International Joint Com- mission have furnished results of triangulation, levels, and topo- graphic surveys on the Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters :2078 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. which are of valuable assistance in the surveys and charting of those waters. TERMINAL FACILITIES. All terminal facilities on waters included in the scope of Lake :Survey operations are served by its surveys and charting of the canals, lakes, rivers, and harbors which carry the commerce to and from these terminals. The character and extent of the terminal fa- cilities are described in annual reports of the Chief of Engineers on .river and harbor improvements. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. The work of the Lake Survey has been largely instrumental in affording the present degree of safety to life and property in the navigation of the Great Lakes. It has thus been an important factor -ih bringing about the low freight rates on these waters, which, roughly, are but about one-thirteenth of the average rail ton-mile :rate. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. (a) The funds appropriated, $125,000, for the fiscal year 1920 by the sundry civil act approved July 19, 1919, will be used for hydro- graphic and topographic surveys on north end of Lake Michiganl, east end of Lake Superior, and west end of Lake Erie; triangulation between Whitefish Bay and Grand Island, Lake Superior; resurveys on Detroit River and Lake St. Clair; chart preparation and issue, including new charts of Charlotte Harbor, New York canals Nos. 1, 2, and 3, a'nd head of Detroit River, revision of harbor chart of Grand Haven, Mich., and coast chart No. 5, Lake Ontario, and cor- rected editions of current charts, including Hydrographic Office charts and charts of Lake Champlain and New York canals, as stock is depleted by sale. Some of the reissued charts will require ex- tensive revisions and addition of results of new surveys before printing. In addition to above the funds will be used in continuing the maintenance of water gages and the investigation of water levels, and for the care and repair of warehouse, docks, floating plant and equipment, the preparation and issue of bulletins and sup- plements, and the general expenses of the office. Estimate for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Estimated, Appropriated, 1921. 1920. (b) For survey of northern and northwestern lakes, Lake of the Woods, and other boundary and connecting waters between said lake and Lake Superior; Lake Champlain and the natural navigable waters embraced in the navigation system of the New York canals, including all neces- sary expenses for preparing, correcting, extending, printing, binding, and issuing charts and bulletins and of investigating lake levels with a view to their regulation .--------------------------------.-.---- $170, 000 $125, 000 NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2079 REMARKS CONCERNING ESTIMATE. When the project for completing the survey of the Great Lakes was proposed, $125,000 was estimated as the amount that would be needed each year to prosecute the work advantageously and economi- cally. In accordance with this estimate the rate of annual appro- priations was started at $125,000 in 1908, Since then, however, the surveys of New York canals, Lake Champlain, and the Lake of the Woods have been added to the project without increase in the rate of appropriations. This additional work has required the use of funds which otherwise would have been available for carrying on the former project, and as a result the work of surveying and charting the Great Lakes has been delayed and has not kept pace with the needs of commerce. Progress is now being still further affected by the greatly increased cost of labor, fuel, and supplies. The vast commerce of the lakes should be furnished the best and most complete information of conditions affecting navigation that it is possible to give, and this result can be attained only when the surveys are complete. The lake survey has the organization and plant to carry on this work more energetically, and by utilizing them more fully not only will the completion of the project be hastened, but, because of lower proportionate overhead expense, it can be ac- complished at a lesser aggregate cost. It is estimated that $170,000 can be expended advantageously on this work during the fiscal year 1921. The proposed operations and their costs are as follows: 1. Hydrographic and topographic surveys, Lake Superior___ 22, 000 $---------- 2. Hydrographic and topographic surveys, Lake Michigan (2 parties)- 46, 000 3. Resu'rvey of Lake St. Clair and Detroit River ------------------- . 9, 000 4. Survey of Lake of the Woods--------------------------- 11, 000 5. Miscellaneous harbor surveys------ ---------- 9,000 6. Primary triangulation-------------------------------------9, 500 7. Maintenance of gages and investigation of water levels----------- 6, 000 8. Chart preparation (including New York canals, Lake Champlain, and Lake of the Woods) --------------------------------- 30, 000 9. Chart corrections and sales__ ---------- --- - _ 3, 500 10. Preparation and publication of bulletin___---- 4, 500 11. Clerical expense and office supplies.---- -------------------- 12, 000 12. Maintenance of warehouse and docks_------------------------ 800 13. Supervision (Detroit and Washington offices) ------------------- 6, 000 14. Miscellaneous ----------------------------------------------- 700 Total --------------------------- ---------------------- 170,000 RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. REFERENCES TO PUBLISHED ARTICLES NOT PREVIOUSLY REPORTED. None. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. The commerce affected by the operations of the Lake Survey and depending upon the publication and constant revision of charts and bulletins is practically the entire commerce of the Great Lakes. The private investment in American vessels on the Great Lakes was esti- 125851-ENG 1919-131 2080 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. mated in 1907 as upward of $125,000,000, and in terminal docks and facilities many millions more. The Lake waterways permitted the movement during 1918 of freight estimated as aggregating 112,- 484,500 tons. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, exclusive of receipts from sales, etc., formerly included, amounting to $9,500 : New work and maintenance_-- -- --- ----------- $5, 412, 026. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report ______ ___-____ 5, 427, 379. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work 1 ...... ........... $109,659.55 $112,387.75 $128,967.52 $109, 762. 62 $112, 659. 45 Expended for maintenance (repairs and replacements only) 1....... ..... . 10,417.15 7,056. 86 4, 663. 69 11,783.30 11, 755.06 Total expended .................... 120, 076.70 119, 444.61 133, 631.21 121,545.92 124, 414.51 Appropriated or allotted................. 125, 00000 125,000.00 125, 000.00 125,000.00 125, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ______-____ ___ __ - $11, 589. 81 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918__ 125, 000. 00 136, 589. 81 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund-------- 113. 71 136, 476. 10 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work______- ------- $112.659.45 For maintenance --------------------------- 11, 755. 06 124, 414. 51 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended --------- 12, 061. 59 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities (lake survey)----------- 11, 677. 00 July 1, 1919, balance to revert to the Treasury___ __- - -______- 384. 59 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July, 1919____ 125, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920 25, 000.00 1----------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, for new work and maintenance_------------------ 2170, 000. 00 PRESERVATION OF NIAGARA FALLS. On pages 1703-1705 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engi- neers for 1915 is published a brief history of operations under ap- propriations and allotments for the " Preservation of Niagara Falls," including a synopsis of legislation pertaining to the diversion for power purposes of water from the Niagara River, a list of the per- mits issued, and references to special published reports on the subject. The permits, which were issued to the power companies by the Secretary of War under the provisions of the act of June 29, 1906, terminated with the expiration of that law on March 4, 1913. Jurisdiction of the War Department was continued thereafter under I. Not deduting receipts from sales,~ etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. PRESERVATION OF NIAGARA FALLS. 2081 the provisions of sections 10 and 12 of the river and harbor act ap- proved March 3, 1899. The restrictions and limitations of the former permits were, except for the temporary modifications hereinafter noted, continued in force until January 19, 1917. (a) On December 1, 1915, the Secretary of War permitted the Niagara Falls Power Co. to increase its diversion daily between 4 p. m. and 7 p. m. for a period of three months by an amount not exceeding 1,000 second-feet. (b) A second modification of the limitations of the Niagara Falls Power Co. was made May 25, 1916, whereby the company was permitted to generate 12,000 horsepower on week days between the hours of 7 a. m. and noon, and 1 p. m. and 5 p. m., in addition to the amount generated from the diversion of 8,600 second-feet. This permission was given pending the completion of the first unit of a steam plant then being constructed by the Buffalo General Elec- tric Co., and, in any event, it was not to extend beyond December 31, 1916. The privilege was for the purpose of offsetting a reduction in the supply of Canadian power to Buffalo and of preventing serious interruption to industrial operations in that city. The delivery of extra power under this concession was begun on July 26, 1916, and was continued practically without interruption until the end of the calendar year, when operations were again restricted to the former l1mits. On January 19, 1917, temporary permits for additional diversions were issued to the Niagara Falls Power Co. and the Hydraulic Power Co. under provisions of public resolution No. 45, Sixty-fourth Congress. With certain restrictions the permit to the Niagara Falls Power Co. granted authority to increase the amount of water then being diverted by an amount not exceeding a daily diversion at the rate of 1,400 cubic feet per second. The permit to the Hydraulic Power Co. was for a like increase of 2,285 cubic feet per second. These permits for additional diversions were to terminate by pro- vision of law on June 30, 1917, but under authority of public resolu- tion No. 8, Sixty-fifth Congress, they were extended by the Secretary of War for a period of one year, or until July 1, 1918. Public resolution No. 33, Sixty-fifth Congress, approved June 29, 1918, authorized the Secretary of War "to issue permits, revocable at will for the diversion of water in the United States from the Niagara River above the Falls for the creation of power, to individuals, com- panies, or corporations which are now actually producing power from the waters of said river, in quantities which in no event shall exceed in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of 20,000 cubic feet per second"; the resolution to remain in force until July 1, 1919, and no longer, at the expiration of which time all permits granted thereunder to terminate, unless sooner revoked, or unless Con- gress before that date enact legislation regulating and controlling the diversions of water from the Niagara River, in which event the resolution to cease to be of any further force or effect. On July 1, 1918, permits, subject to therein stated conditions gov- erning supervision and inspections, were issued: To the Niagara Falls Power Co. " to divert water in the United States from the Niagara River above the Falls, for the creation of power, provided that the quantity diverted by the said company shall in no event exceed in the aggre- gate a daily diversion at the rate of ten thousand cubic feet per second." To the Hydraulic Power Co. to divert, under identical statement, except "at the rate of nine thousand five hundred cubic feet per second." To the Hydraulic Race Co. "to divert waters of the Niagara River from the Erie Canal at Lockport, New York, above the locks, for the creation of power, 2082 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. provided that the quantity diverted by said company shall in no event exceed in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of 500 cubic feet per second, it being distinctly understood that the waters so diverted shall be returned to the canal below the locks, and that this permit shall inure to the benefit of all persons and corporations now using said waters for power purposes, whether lessees of Ihe permittee or having the right to be furnished by it with water, and including the persons and corporations now diverting water from the Erie Canal at Eighteen Mile Creek, Middleport, Medina, Eagle Harbor, Albion, Holley, and other places below the locks at Lockport." By joint resolution of Congress approved July 12, 1919 (Pub. Res. No. 3, 66th Cong.), the provisions of the joint resolution approved June 29, 1918, were extended to July 1, 1920. Pending approval of this resolution by the President, after June 30, 1919, permittees were notified by letter of the Secretary of War dated June 30, 1919, that the War Department would interpose no objection to the continued diversion in accordance with the terms of the 1918 permits, on the understanding that if and when approved water diversions would be governed thereafter by the terms of new permits. Under permits and restrictions issued by the Secretary of War since 1907 the diversions of water from the American side of the Niagara River have been limited as follows: Company. Inclusive dates. Maximum permissible diversion. Hydraulic Power Co.......... Aug. 16, 1907-July 18, 1913.... 6,500 second-feet. 1 Jan. 19, 1917-June 30,1918..... 6,500 second-feet peak plus 2,285 second- feet daily average. July 1, 1918-June 30, 1919......9,500 second-feet daily average. The Niagara Falls Power Co.. Aug. 16, 1907-Nov. 30, 1915.... 8,600 second-feet.' Dec. 1, 1915-Feb. 29, 1916...... 8,600 second-feet peak plus 1,000 second- feet between 4 and 7 p. m. Mar. 1, 1916-May 24, 1916...... 8,600 second-feet peak. May 25, 1916-Dec. 31, 1916.....8,600 second-feet peak plus 12,000 horse- power (7 a. m. to 12 m., 1 p. m. to 5 p. m.). Jan. 1, 1917-Jan. 38,1917..... 8,600 second-feet peak. Jan. 19, 1917-June 30,1918.....8,600 second-feet peak plus 1,400 second- feet daily average. 1 daily average. July 1, 1918-June 30, 1919......10,000 second-feet Hydraulic Race Co.......... Aug. 16, 1907-June 30, 1918.... 500 second-feet. July 1, 1918-June 30, 1919...... 500 second-feet daily average. 1Applied as absolute maxima or peak limits except from July 19,1913, to about June 3, 1914, when they were applied as limits to daily average diversions. Public resolution No. 8, Sixty-fifth Congress, also authorized and directed the Secretary of War " to make a comprehensive and thor- ough investigation, including all necessary surveys and maps, of the entire subject of water diversion from the Great Lakes and the Niagara River, including navigation, sanitary and power purposes, and the preservation of the scenic beauty of Niagara Falls and the rapids of Niagara River, and to report to Congress thereon at the earliest practicable date." The sum of $25,000 was appropriated for the purpose. On July 20, 1917, the duty of making the investigation was assigned to Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, division engineer of the Lakes Division, who submitted an interim report, March 2, 1918. The interim report was submitted to the Secretary of War by the Acting Chief of Engineers, with a letter dated April 2, 1918. The letter and the report were printed in part 2 of "Hearings before the Comnittee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Sixty- DIVERTING WATER FROM NIAGARA RIVER. 2083 fifth Congress, second session, on H. R. 11871. Statement of Brig. Gen. Charles Keller, Engineer Corps, U. S. A., June 7, 1918." The investigation was begun in August, 1917, was carried on continuously, and was nearly completed at the close of the fiscal year 1919. The scope and progress of the work and the extent of completion are described in the annual report of the division engineer, printed at page 3865 of this report. Financial statement. Amount appropriated or allotted prior to this fiscal year: Allotment Sept. 18, 1917----------------------------------------- $25, 000. 00 Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919------ 22, 708. 50 Balance unexpended July 1, 1919------------------------ 2,291. 50 Outstanding liabilities at the end of the fiscal year---------------- 477. 58 Balance available_ ------------------------ 1, 813. 92 SUPERVISION OF POWER COMPANIES DIVERTING WATER FROM NIAGARA RIVER. Supervised by the division engineer, Lakes Division. Division engineer.-Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers. HISTORY. By direction of the Secretary of War and under authority of sec- tions 10 and 12 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, the supervision of power companies diverting water from the Ameri- can side of the Niagara River was resumed on March 9, 1913, fol- lowing the expiration of the act for the " Preservation of Niagara Falls," and has continued since that date, the expense thereof being paid from appropriations and allotments for "Examinations, sur- veys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors" and "Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works." The companies were informed by the Chief of Engineers on July 19, 1913, that "For the present no objection is being made by the War Department to existing diversions so long as the daily average does not exceed that of the permits and diversion limits which ex- isted last year under the Burton Act." The companies continued their operations on the basis of this information until about June 3, 1914, when notification was received by them from the Secretary of War, dated May 28, 1914, that the maximum limitations of diver- sions are interpreted as relating not to the daily average quantity diverted, but to the quantity diverted at any moment. On November 26, 1915, the Niagara Falls Power Co. requested from the Secretary of War- that during the months of December, January, and February next, and during the hours from 4 o'clock p. m. to 7 o'clock p. m., there may be permitted the use of such additional available water (not exceeding the limits set forth in the treaty between the United States and Great Britain in respect of these waters) permitting the generation of 10,000 additional horsepower. This application was made at the request of the Buffalo General Electric Co., a purchaser of a large amount of electric power dis- tributed to its customers in the city of Buffalo. All power possible 2084 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR1\Y, 1919. had been obtained from various hydroelectric installations at and near Niagara Falls, but, owing to the increased demand which had arisen, the company was unable to supply all of its customers with the necessary amount. From about 4 p. m. until 7 p. m. the shortage was about 10,000 horsepower, and this necessitated the daily shutting down of a number of factories for that period. To meet this defi- ciency the company was preparing to install a large steam plant for the generation of electricity, but it could not be put into operation before the 1st of March, 1916, at which time the lengthening days were expected to decrease the demand on the company sufficiently to enable it to furnish the amount needed. No formal permit for additional diversion was granted the com- pany, but because of the emergency described above the Secretary of War decided to raise no objection to an excess diversion of not to exceed 1,000 second-feet, only, however, for the period stated. On April 29, 1916, the Niagara Falls Power Co. made application, at the request and in behalf of the Buffalo General Electric Co., for permission to divert an increased amount of water from the Niagara River for power purposes (not exceeding the limits set forth in the treaty between the United States and Great Britain in respect of these waters) so as to permit the generation of approximately 12,000 horsepower additional to that then being generated until the steam plant .under construction by the Buffalo General Electric Co. shall have been completed. Upon the recommendation of the Chief of Engineers the Secretary of War approved the following procedure on May 25, 1916, viz: No objection would be raised by him to the diversion of water by the Niagara Falls Co. sufficient to generate not more than 12,000 horsepower in excess of the amount of power that can be generated from the 8,600 cubic feet per second which that com- pany is already authorized to divert from the Niagara River, the excess to be limited to that actually needed to supply such require- ments of the Buffalo General Electric Co. as can not be met from existing sources, and to be verified by comparisons of the daily load curves of that company with the curves showing the daily output of the Niagara Falls Power Co., due care being taken to make certain that the latter company does not meanwhile accept additional cus- tomers or increase the supply to existing ones, the permission for excess diversion to cease when the first unit of the steamo plant of the Buffalo General Electric Co. becomes available, or in any event to terminate not later than December 31, 1916. In connection with this action the officer in charge of the supervision of power companies at Niagara Falls was instructed that the additional diversion should be limited to occasipns when it is indispensably necessary and to such volumes as will supply the amount of power, not exceeding 12,000 horsepower, actually needed in Buffalo to meet the demands of existing customers of the Buffalo General Electric Co., which can not be supplied from power at present available. The delivery of extra power under this concession was begun on July 26, 1916, and was continued, practically without interruption, until the end of the calendar year. Operations were then again restricted to the former limits. On January 19, 1917, a joint resolution of Congress was approved authorizing the Secretary of War to issue revocable permits for the additional diversion of water in the United States from the Niagara DIVERTING WATER FROM NIAGARA RIVER. 2085 River; and under the same date permits were issued to the Niagara Falls Power Co. and the Hydraulic Power Co. granting authority, under certain conditions, to increase their daily diversions by amounts not exceeding the rates of 1,400 second-feet and 2,285 second-feet, respectively. These permits are fully outlined in the Annual Re- port of the Chief of Engineers for 1917, pages 1935-1936. Under authority of Senate joint resolution 13, Sixty-fifth Congress, ap- proved June 30, 1917, the permits with all their conditions were con- tinued in force until July 1, 1918, by order of the Secretary of War. On June 29, 1918, a joint resolution of Congress (Public No. 8) was approved authorizing the Secretary of War to issue revocable permits for the aggregate daily diversion of water from the Niagara River above the Falls at a rate not exceeding 20,000 second-feet, the resolution to remain in force to July 1, 1919; and under date of July 1, 1918, permits were issued to the Niagara Falls Power Co., the Hydraulic Power Co., and the Hydraulic Race Co. PERMIT TO THE NIAGARA FALLS POWER CO. Subject to the provisions of the joint resolution of Congress, approved June 29, 1918, authorizing the Secretary of War to issue permits for the diversion of water from the Niagara River, permission, revocable at will by the Secretary of War, is hereby given the Niagara Falls Power Co., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York, and now actually producing power from the waters of said river, to divert water in the United States from the said river above the Falls for the creation of power, provided that the quantity diverted by the said company shall in no event exceed in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of 10,000 cubic feet per second, and that this permission shall be subject to further conditions as follows: 1. All the work and operations of said permittee for the diversion of water, or for the operation of, or changes in, its plant and accessories, and for the distribution of power, shall be subject to the general supervision and approval of such division engineer or district engineer of the Engineer Department as the Secretary of War may designate by written notice to the said company. 2. The permittee shall make, under the supervision of an inspector authorized in writing by the said engineer, measurements in its intake canals of such character and at such times as the said engineer may deem necessary to show the quantity of water diverted. 3. The permittee shall keep such records as will show at any time the com- bined continuous output of its power stations and of the power stations of the consumers to whom water power or mechanical horsepower is furnished. 4. The power stations of the permittee and of the consumers to whom water power or mechanical horsepower is furnished, together with their operation records, shall be subject to inspection at all times by inspectors authorized in writing by the said engineer. 5. All expenses of inspection shall be paid by the permittee in cases when collection from the permittee is approved by the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. 6. The permittee shall promptly furnish the said engineer upon written notice from him such information as he may specify concerning amount of power gener- ated and delivered, to whom delivered, and limits of variation in delivery. 7. The Secretary of War has the right at any time to modify the form of this permit, to change the method or plan of measurement herein prescribed, or to substitute other methods of measurement, whenever, in his judgment, such modifications, changes, or substitutions are necessary to carry out the provisions of the said joint resolution. PERMIT TO THE HYDRAULIC POWER CO. In precisely the same terms as the permit to the Niagara Falls Power Co., except that the amount of diversion is specified as 9,500 second-feet. 2086 R,EPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. PERMIT TO THE HYDRAULIC RACE CO. Subject to the provisions of the joint resolution of Congress approved June 29, 1918, authorizing the Secretary of War to issue permits for the diversion of water from the Niagara River above the Falls for the creation of power to individuals, companies, or corporations which are now actually producing power from the waters of said river, permission, revocable at will by the Secretary of War, is hereby given to the Hydraulic Race Co., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York and now actually producing power from the waters of said river, to divert waters of the Niagara River from the Erie Canal at Lockport, N. Y., above the locks, for the creation of power, pro- vided that the quantity diverted by the said company shall in no event exceed in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of 500 cubic feet per second, it being distinctly understood that the waters so diverted shall be returned to the canal below the locks, and that this permit shall inure to the benefit of all persons and corporations now using said waters for power purposes, whether lessees of the permittee or having the right to be furnished by it with water, and including the persons and corporations now diverting water from the Erie. Canal at Eighteen Mile Creek, Middleport, Medina, Eagle Harbor, Albion, Holley, and other places below the locks at Lockport, and that this permission shall be subject to further conditions, as follows: 1. That this permit shall not be construed as conferring upon the permittee or other persons or corporations referred to herein any authority to divert water from the Erie Canal without the consent of the State of New York; that it shall be subject to any and all regulations which may be imposed upon the diversion of water from said canal by said State, and, further, that it shall be subject to the jurisdiction of said State to alter, improve, or abolish the said canal and to prevent the diversion of any water whatever therefrom without imposing any obligation whatever upon the said State or the authorities thereof. 2. That all work and operations of said permittee for the diversion of water, or for the operation of, or changes in, its plant and accessories and for the dis- tribution of power shall be subject to the general supervision and approval of such division engineer or district engineer of the Engineer Department as the Secretary of War may designate by written notice to the said company. 3. That the 'permittee shall make, under the supervision of an inspector authorized in writing by the said engineer, measurements of such character and at such times and*places as the said engineer may deem necessary to show the quantity of water diverted. 4. That the permittee shall keep such records as will show at any time the total output of each power station and of the power stations of the consumers to whom water power or mechanical horsepower is furnished. 5. That the power stations of the permittee and of the consumers to whom water power or mechanical horsepower is furnished, together with their opera- tion records, shall be subject to inspection at all times by inspectors authorized in writing by the said engineer. 6. That all expenses of inspection shall be paid by the permittee in cases when collection from the permittee is approved by the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. 7. That the permittee shall promptly furnish the said engineer, upon written notice from him, such information as he may specify concerning amount of power generated and delivered, to whom delivered, limits of variation in delivery, costs, and selling prices, and also conditions concerning sluicing of ice or trash, or other operations involving the by-passing or wasting of water. 8. That the Secretary of War reserves the right at any time to modify the form of this permit, to change the method or plan of measurement herein pre- scribed, or to substitute other methods of measurement, whenever, in his judgment, such modifications, changes, or substitutions are necessary to carry out the provisions of the said joint resolution. By joint resolution of Congress approved July 12, 1919, the provi- sions of the joint resolution approved June 29, 1918, were extended to July 1, 1920. Pending approval of this resolution by the President, after June 30, 1919, permittees were notified by letter of the Secretary of War dated June 30, 1919, that the War Department would interpose no DIVERTING WATER FROM NIAGARA RIVER. 2087 objection to the continued diversion in accordance with the terms of the 1918 permits on the understanding that if and when approved water diversions would be governed thereafter by the terms of new permits. On May 22, 1918, the division engineer of the Lakes Division, sta- tioned at Buffalo, N. Y., was directed to supervise operations of the Hydraulic Power Co. for the enlargement of its works at Niagara Falls. The plan contemplates the installation of three hydroelectric generating units of approximately 33,000 horsepower each, and in- volves dredging a channel from deep water in Niagara River to the head of the hydraulic canal, deepening the canal, deepening and widening the basin, and building a new power house and appur- tenances, and is that designated as " Proposition H. P.-C " in the interim report of March 2, 1918, printed in part 2 of Hearings be- fore the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session, on H. R. 11871. OPERATIONS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. Supervision of power companies.-At the beginning of the fiscal year supervision of the three power companies having permits for water diversion was being conducted by the military section of the department as essential under the existing war conditions for the generation and distribution of electric power. It was therefore con- sidered unnecessary to continue supervision in the manner previously maintained by having a representative stationed at the power plants, and the supervision was limited, under department approvals, to occasional inspections by the division engineer and to the submission to him of reports of daily operations, showing the armount of power developed and the several amounts delivered to their respective cus- tomers by the Hydraulic Power Co. and the Niagara Falls Power Co.; conditions not warranting call for similar reports from the Hydraulic Race Co. for its minor operations. Supervision by the military section was withdrawn December 1, 1918; and thereafter, inasmuch as the amount of water authorized to be diverted under the permits was greater throughout the remainder of the fiscal year than could be used by the permittees, the limited supervision as above noted was continued without change. Consolidation of the Cliff Electrical Distributing Co., the Hydrau- lic Power Co., and the Niagara Falls Power Co. under the name of the Niagara Falls Power Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y., was effected Octo- ber 31, 1918, and thereupon the generating plants were designated as the " Niagara Falls Plant" and " Hydraulic Plant." This consoli- dation did not in any way change water diversions under the permits. Supervision of power-plant enlargement.--The enlargement of the hydraulic plant of the Niagara Falls Power Co., in accordance with plan H.P.-C, began May 20, 1918, progressed steadily during the fiscal year. Until the middle of November work was carried on night and day. After the conclusion of active war hostilities, November 11, 1918, it was considered that the demand for haste was less urgent and night work was discontinued. This will delay the completion of the project somewhat, but will reduce its cost. The construction of the river channel and the piers and booms in- tended for protection from ice was hastened as much as possible in 2088 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. the fall of 1918 in order that the plant might have the benefit of these works during the ensuing winter. This part of the project was about 85 per cent completed when work on it was suspended in December. The winter of 1918-19 was so unusually mild that very little ice was formed and the value of these works was not tested. In the spring work was again commenced. At the close of the fiscal year the drilling and blasting of the rock had been completed and about 92 per cent of the broken rock had been removed by dredging. The dredging of hardpan was 82 per cent completed, and the construction of piers and ice booms about 65 per cent completed. The enlargement of the canal and basin progressed steadily until December. Work was continued at a slower rate until January 6, 1919, when operations were suspended for the winter. At that time the condition of the work was as follows: Canal basin, fore bay, drilled and blasted, 65 per cent completed; drilled, blasted, and dredged, 36 per cent completed. From Buffalo Avenue Bridge to Main Street Bridge the amount expected to be done in 1918, drilled and blasted, 90 per cent completed; dredged, 6 per cent completed. Port Day basin easterly 150 feet drilled and blasted, 90 per cent completed; dredged, 79 per cent completed. In the spring this work was resumed, and at the end of the fiscal year the minor items of this section of the work were nearly completed, but the important item of rock drilling and blasting was only 61 per cent comnleted, and the dredging of blasted rock was only 6 per cent completed. The work in the canal and basins has been extremely difficult and expensive because of the high velocities of the water, the low head- room under the bridges, and the necessity of avoiding undue obstruc- tions of the canal. It is probable that further delay in this work may occur, and that it will not be possible to obtain the full benefit of the new units until some time after they have been installed. Work on the intake, penstock tunnels, and power-house structure was carried on continuously during the fiscal year. At the close of the fiscal year the excavation and tunneling was practically com- plete, the placing of concrete was 63 per cent complete, and a substan- tial proportion of the power-house structure was partially erected. Of the three new units, the turbines, generators, and valves of the first two are practically completely fabricated and are being delivered as fast as they can be erected. Fabrication of the third unit is reported to be 62 per cent completed. Unit No. 16 is partially erected, and the draft tubes and substructures of the other two are finished. Fabrica- tion of the switches and miscellaneous electric equipment are reported by the manufacturers to be from 70 to 97 per cent completed, and these articles will be delivered as needed. It is probable that the first unit will be ready for operation in Sep- tember, 1919. Inspection of the work was made by the division engineer at least once each month. Financial summary. Allotments from the appropriation" examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors." July 1, 1918, balance unexpended .------ $237. 28 Allotments ".--- 237. 28 CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL. 2089 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year-__ __________--- $3. 53 233. 75 Returned to Treasury, August, 1918, -E.D.57243/3944--------------- 233. 75 July 1, 1919, balance available_----------------------- CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL. The Chicago Drainage Canal was built under the authority of the State of Illinois for sanitary purposes and has never had the sanc- tion of Congress. The main channel extends from the Chicago River at Robey Street to the Illinois & Michigan Canal 'Basin in the Des Plaines River at Joliet, a distance of 32.35 miles. The width at the water line varies from 160 to 290 feet. The depth is generally from 22 to 26 feet, excepting in the section extending from the lock at Lockport to the basin at Joliet, a distance of 2.3 miles, where a minimum depth of .10 feet is maintained. When completed in 1899 application was made to the War Department for permis- sion to connect the canal with the South Branch of the Chicago River, thereby reversing the flow of the stream, which originally flowed into Lake Michigan, and diverting the waters thereof into the drainage canal. A conditional permit was granted May 8, 1899, in which the diversion was limited to 5,000 cubic feet per second. Subsequently on complaint of navigation interests the permit was modified, and on December 5, 1901, the Secretary of War fixed the amount of water allowed to be diverted at 250,000 cubic feet per minute, or 4,167 second-feet, which is now the legal limit. From the beginning the operations of the Sanitary District of Chicago have been looked upon with disfavor by navigation inter- ests, and questions connected therewith have been constantly before the department. The reversal of the flow of Chicago River and the drawing of water into the drainage canal affects navigation seriously on account of the tendency to lower the levels of the Great Lakes, and also for the reason that current velocities in the river and its branches are materially increased. These injurious effects were clearly foreseen by the department, and hence the diversion has been restricted to the amount stated, and the Secretary of War has not only declined to increase the amount, but has consistently adhered to the position that the permit granted was to be considered of a tem- porary character, and that any permanent diversion of the waters of Lake Michigan into another watershed required congressional au- thorization. Notwithstanding this well-understood attitude the sanitary district has persistently sought to secure from the department permission to abstract larger and additional amounts of water. In 1907 appli- cation was made for permission to take an additionl 4,000 second- feet through the Calumet River, and after careful and thorough consideration the Secretary of War denied the application, referring again to the desirability of submitting the matter to Congress. In 1912 the matter came before the department again on an application for permission to divert from Lake Michigan into the drainage canal 10,000 cubic feet of water per second. A public hearing was held by the Secretary of War for -consideration and discussion of the questions connected with this proposition. At this hearing oppo- 2090 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. sition to the application was made by representatives of 23 cities and 6 States interested in the commerce of the Great Lakes and the harbors thereon; by navigation interests on Chicago River; and by representatives of the Dominion Government and of the cities of Kingston and Montreal, as well as private navigation interests. The subject was most exhaustively considered, and on January 8, 1913, the Secretary of War rendered a decision adverse to the appli- cants, in which he held- 1. That the diversion of 10,000 cubic feet per second from Lake Michigan would substantially interfere with the navigable capacity of the navigable waters in the Great Lakes and their connecting rivers. 2. That it would not be appropriate for the department to permit such a diversion without express congressional sanction. 3. That the provisions of the existing boundary-waters treaty between Great Britain and the United States offer a further reason why no administrative officer should authorize a further diversion, manifestly so injurious to the interests of Canada. Although the Secretary of War has fixed the limit of permitted diversion of 4,167. second-feet and has repeatedly refused to grant any increase, it is known that the sanitary district has for many years been withdrawing a much larger amount of water. In fact, while this State organization has been prayerful as well as per- sistent in its applications to the department, it has shown little re- gard for the decisions of the Secretary of War when rendered. Soon after the application of 1907 was denied the trustees of the sanitary district passed an order declaring the intention of reversing the flow of the Calumet River and withdrawing through it an additional 4,000 cubic feet of water without the authority of the Secretary of War unless prevented by injunction from so doing. Accordingly, in March, 190$, the Attorney General, at the instance of this depart- ment, sued out a bill of injunction restraining the sanitary district from reversing the flow of the river and from withdrawing water from Lake Michigan in a different way and in larger amount than was authorized by the Secretary of War. Again in 1913, when the Secretary of War decided adversely to the application for permis- sion to take 10,000 cubic feet of water, the sanitary district refused to conform to the decision and another bill of injunction was filed by the Attorney General in October, 1913. These two suits were consolidated, voluminous testimony was taken, and the case, which had been ably argued, is now awaiting decision in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. In view of the importance of this case and the length of time that has elapsed since the proceedings were initiated, it would appear desirable that every proper means be used to expedite the decision of the court. The present average daily flow through the Chicago River into this canal is about 8,800 cubic feet per second, or practically double the amount allowable under the permit of the Secretary of War. This represents a daily average withdrawal from Lake Michigan of more than 860,000,000 cubic feet, which is more than the entire low- water flow of the Mississippi River at St. Paul; and by way of fur- ther comparison it may be added that the low-water flow of the Mis- sissippi River at Keokuk, where the large power plant of the Mis- sissippi River Power Co. is located and operated, is only about twice as great as that now abstracted from Lake Michigan into this drain- age canal. The continuous withdrawal of this volume of water CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK, OREG. 2091 will result in the permanent lowering of the surface of Lakes Michi- gan and Huron by more than 5 inches and of Lake Erie to nearly the same extent. That the State authorities contemplate a still greater diversion, 10,000 second-feet or more, hardly admits of doubt. The calculations of the United States Lake Survey, based upon observations covering a period of 46 years, indicate that the withdrawal'of 10,000 second-feet would lower Lakes Michigan and Huron 6 inches, Lake Erie 5.5 inches, and Lake Ontario 5.7 inches at mean lake levels. To lower the water surface 6 inches would reduce the permissible load of one of the large modern vessels by from 300 to 600 tons, and recent exhaustive investigations indicate that the loss to navigation interests would amount to nearly $3,000,000 per annum. Moreover, there are more than 100 works of river and harbor improvement on. the Great Lakes and their connecting waters, for which appropria- tions aggregating more than $90,000,000 have been made. The appli- cation of this vast sum has resulted in securing specified widths and depths of channel, and to diminish these depths, even to a slight extent, will not only prove a serious injury to traffic but will in part undo work that has been accomplished and necessitate the expendi- ture of further large sums of money. Modern expert opinion is to the effect that the disposal of sewage by dilution in the manner prac- ticed by the Chicago sanitary district is neither economical, efficient, nor in keeping with the public spirit that should direct undertakings of this kind, and the present practice is to apply some form of treat- ment to the sewage which shall remove its more offensive character- istics before it is released and permitted to flow past the water fronts of near-by communities. Much complaint has been made in the Illinois River valley concerning the defilement of the river banks by the discharge of the drainage canal, and there is good ground to believe the complaint well founded. It is known that considerable water power is developed at Lock- port on the sanitary canal and at points below in the Des Plaines and Illinois Rivers, the output of the Lockport plant being altogether dependent on water diverted from Lake Michigan and that of the plants below, especially at low water, being derived in greater part from the same source. In this connection it should be stated that if water power is under consideration, about four times as much power could be developed from this water on the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers as can be done by its most efficient utilization on the sanitary canal and at points below there in the valleys of the Des Plaines and Illinois Rivers. CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK, OREG. OFFICERS IN CHARGE. District engineer.-Col. George A. Zinn, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer.-Col. George A. Zinn, Corps of Engineers. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. Crater Lake National Park was created by act of Congress ap- proved May 22, 1902. It is situated in Klamath County, Oreg., and 2092 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. embraces that portion of the Cascade Mountain Range located be- tween latitude 420 48' and 430 04' north, and longitude 1220 and 1220 16' west, covering an area approximately 18.5 by 13.5 miles, containing 249 square miles. The elevation varies from 4,700 to 8,938 feet above sea level. The predominating feature of the park is Crater Lake, which partially fills the crater of a once active vol- cano. For more complete description, see Professiofial Papers No. 3, United States Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. For last published map, see House Document No. 328, Sixty-second Con- gress, second session. ORIGINAL CONDITION. Until 1903 there were practically no roads inside the park, except the old Fort Klamath-Medford Road, constructed by the soldiers of the fort, and travel to the lake was entirely by trail. Between 1903 and 1912 a narrow, steep, and tortuous road was constructed to the rim of the lake by the Interior Department. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. None by War Department. EXISTING PROJECT. The project as originally proposed provided for the construction of a road encircling the crater as near its rim as topography would permit, in order that the lake may be viewed from all possible points; the construction of four roads from the rim to the park boundaries, as follows: One down the valley to Bear Creek, one to the Pinnacles, one following generally the old road to Fort Klamath, and one fol- lowing generally the old road to Medford, a total of 61.70 miles of roads. The project also included the construction of about 100 miles of trails. The total estimated cost of the system of roads and trails is $642,000, with an additional $65,000 for a system of tanks and sprinkling, and an annual estimate after completion for mainte- nance of $20,000. (See H. Doc. No. 328, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) As the work of construction has progressed it has been found advisable to relocate the roads somewhat, with a resulting change in the total length. The relocation of the Rim Road at Vidas Cliff shortened the length but made necessary the addition of the Sun Notch Road to the project. The following table shows the length of the different sections as given in the original project and the lengths as now constructed or proposed. Road. Original As project. revised. Remarks. Rim Road........................ 35.6 35.40 29.40 miles graded; balance under construction Pinnacles......................... 5.0 3.24 Graded. Fort Klamath.................... 10.5 11.45 Do. Medford...... ....-....... 6.5 6.87 Do. Bear Creek........... .......... 4.1 4.10 Construction to be determined in the future. Sun Notch................................ 1.72 Proposed. Total......... ............. 61.7 62.78 CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK, OREG. 2098 OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. The road construction which was in progress at the close of the last fiscal year was continued by a hired-labor force until October 5, 1918, and again resumed the first part of June, 1919, and was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. The work consisted of the following: Clearing, 20.2 acres; grading, 6.2 miles; and protecting and keeping in repair 57 miles of new roads. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $54,219.90. CONDITION AT THE END OF FISCAL YEAR, The project is about 50 per cent complete. Of the 62.78 miles of projected roads 56.96 miles of roads have been graded and drained. Several short sections of experimental road surfacing have been laid, 43 miles of telephone line have been built, 16 miles of temporary approach roads for freighting purposes have been constructed, and the equipment necessary for grading and other classes of road work has been acquired and there remains about 6 miles of approach roads to be graded, and the entire road system to be surfaced. The roads constructed are 16 feet wide, shoulder to shoulder. The alignment is controlled by the country traversed, but, taken as a whole, the curvature is easy, no curves having less than a 50-foot radius and very few less than 100 feet, while the average radius is much greater. Grades are easy for a mountainous country, usually varying between 2 per cent and 8 per cent with a few as steep as 10 per cent for short distances. The resulting road system is pleasing and quite thoroughly de- velops the scenic attractions in the area traversed. The section of the Rim Road constructed during the fiscal year provides-many advan- tageous viewpoints of the lake and many beautiful outlooks on the surrounding country. The principal scenic features of the park can now be visited by team or automobile tourists, although the roads are not in good condition during the dry season- The problem of keeping the roads in order is becoming greater, for with increased automobile travel they become so dusty and badly rutted during August and part of September that travel on them is slow, disagreeable, and in some places dangerous. The short sections of experimental surfacing laid in 1913, and since subjected to nearly all the park travel, indicate that oil treatment of the natural road surface is of little benefit; that water-bound macadam ravels badly and would be expensive to lay and to maintain; and that oil-bound macadam, which can be constructed at about the same cost as water- bound macadam and maintained at a trifling expense per annum, is adapted to withstand the traffic. The total amount expended to the close of the fiscal year was $394,726.57, of which $9,516.35 was for surveys prior to the adoption of the project, and $20,626.66 for maintenance of completed portions of the roads. At the close of the fiscal year all property, materials, and supplies on hand were tentatively transferred to the Interior Department pending the passage of the sundry civil bill, after which an official transfer will be made. 2094 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. LOCAL COOPERATION. There has been no local cooperation and none was required by law. EFFECT OF THE IMPROVEMENT. The roads constructed to date have opened up to tourist travel many scenic wonders heretofore inaccessible, except to horsemen and pedestrians. Tourist travel into and through the park has greatly increased since the improvement of the roads has been undertaken, and additional points of interest have been made available. The park superintendent's records show that 3,105 privately owned auto- mobiles entered the park last season, and that the total of all classes of tourists was 13,231 during the same period. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. No operations are proposed by this department for the next fiscal year, as no funds were appropriated by Congress to be disbursed by the Engineer Department. All property, materials, and supplies belonging to the Crater Lake project under the Engineer Depart- ment were tentatively turned over to the Interior Department on June 30, 1919, pending the passage of the sundry civil bill, after which an official transfer will be made. Future operations will be carried on by the Interior Department. RECOMMEND MODIFICATION OF PROJECT. None. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. None. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919______________ $394, 726. 57 Net total expended, less amount of $2,610.83 reverted to Treasury_ 394, 726. 57 Total appropriations to date of this report __________________ 417, 389. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................ $107, 494.99 $47, 476. 18 $44, 684. 70 $54,736.12 $54, 219.90 Appropriated or allotted................... 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 ......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_____------------------ 27, 780. 71 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918 50, 000. 00 77, 780. 71 Deduction on account of the unexpended balance of 1916 reverting ------------------------------- to general fund in the Treasury___ 898. 21 76, 882. 50 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work___ 54, 219. 90 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_ ___22, 662. 60 July 1, 1919, outstanding liabilities, including balances to be re- turned to Treasury_ ________ __-_--_-_-------------------------- 22, 662.60 BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2095 BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. President and engineer officer.-Maj. William H. Waugh, Engi- neers, United States'Army. Assistant engineer officer.-Capt. John Zug, Engineers, United States Army. Disbursing officer.-First Lieut. Sidney L. Carter, Engineers, United States Army. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The principal office of the board is at Juneau, Alaska. The work committed to the board 'by law is the location, construction, and maintenance of wagon roads and pack trails from any point on the navigable waters of the Territory of Alaska to and between towns, camps, and settlements therein. The Territory has an area of 590,880 square miles, which is more than twelve times the size of the State of New York, or practically one-sixth the size of the United States. At its southern point it is 700 miles from the northwest point of the State of Washington by the usually traveled route. Thence the southeastern Alaska Archi- pelago and a strip of mainland lying west of the Canadian boundary extend northwesterly for about 520 miles to the major portion of the Territory which lies west of the one hundred and forty-first meridian, and has a dimension of approximately 900 miles north and south and 700 miles east and west, with the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands reaching out from the southwestern portion nearly 2,500 miles toward Siberia. There is little level area in Alaska, except the moss-covered tundra of the far North and Northwest. The coastal region as far west as Cook Inlet is wet, extremely rugged, and heavily timbered, especially on the seaward slopes. The valleys of the interior 'or central portion are fairly well timbered near the streams; elsewhere they are covered with a thick growth of underbrush, and the ground is overlaid with a blanket of moss, beneath which the soil is usually frozen to a great depth. In summer these valleys are transformed by the melting snow and by surface thawing, into morasses and swamps, through which travel on foot or on horseback is a slow and laborious process. As one leaves the stream valleys the timber becomes lighter, and on the hill slopes fairly good ground may be found. In a few places con- siderable areas of dry gravel bench exist, but nowhere is it possible to use wheels for any considerable distance without some sort of pre- pared roadway. See "Map of Alaska published by the Alaska Road Commission, 1916." ORIGINAL CONDITION. Prior to the organization of the board of road commissioners for Alaska, there were, in the whole of the Territory, less than a dozen miles of what might be called wagon road, with a few hundred miles of pioneer trail, mostly constructed by expeditions under the War Department. Travel was largely confined to the open waterways 125851--ENG 1919-132 2096 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. in summer and to their frozen courses in winter. When mining ma- chinery and other supplies were to be transported from the coast or river landing, they were in most cases hauled over the snow during the winter, with some preliminary clearing of the route when nec- essary. Travel across country in summer, generally speaking, was possible only on foot or with pack horses. It was difficult always, and frequently dangerous on account of the numerous swift and deep streams, fed by the ice-cold waters of mountain glaciers. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. In the summer of 1898 and 1899 War Department expeditions under Capts. Abercrombie and Glenn and Lieut. Herron made ex- plorations which collected much valuable data regarding the country and the best natural routes of travel. For the fiscal year 1901 Con- gress appropriated $100,000 for roads and trails in Alaska, to be expended under the War Department. Practically all of this was spent on the route leading from Valdez to Eagle, but was sufficient only for the construction of a crude pack trail through sections otherwise impassable and the building of some of the most neces- sary bridges along the route. In the summer of 1904 an appropria- tion was made for a survey and estimate for a wagon road along this route. The survey was made under the direction of the Chief of Engineers. The existing project began with an act of Congress approved January 27, 1905. EXISTING PROJECT. The existing project requires primarily the maintenance and im- provement of the present system of roads and trails, aggregating about 4,890 miles in length, and such new construction as funds will permit. The act of Congress approved January 27, 1905, " To provide for the construction and maintenance of roads * * * in the Dis- trict of Alaska and for other purposes " (33 Stats., 616), prescribes in section 2 as follows: That there shall be a board of road confmissioners in said district, to be composed of an engineer officer of the United States Army to be detailed and appointed by the Secretary of War, and two other officers of that part of the Army stationed in said district and to be designated by the Secretary of War. The said engineer officer shall, during the term of his said detail and appoint- ment, abide in said district. The said board shall have the power, and it shall be their duty, upon their own motion or upon petition, to locate, lay out, construct, and maintain wagon roads and pack trails from any point on the navigable waters of said district to any town, mining, or other industrial camp or settlement, or between any such town, camps, or settlenfents therein, if in their judgment such roads or trails are needed and will be of permanent value for the development of the district, but no such road or trail shall be constructed to any town, camp, or settlement which is wholly transitory or of no substantial value or importance for mining, trade, agricultural, or manu- facturing purposes. * * * * * * * The engineer officer of the board shall in all cases supervise the work of construction and see that the same is properly perfornfed. * * . * * * * * It shall be the duty of said board, as far as practicable, to keep in proper repair all roads and trails constructed under their supervision, and the same rules as to the manner in which the work of repair shall be done, whether BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2097 by contract or otherwise, shall govern as in the case of the original construc- tion of the road or trail. The board was organized May 15, 1905. War Department orders of February 15, 1913, relative to the work of the board, prescribe that the senior officer on duty, designated as president, shall have general charge of the operations, that the engineer officer shall supervise the work of construction in the field as provided by law, and that the third officer shall act as disbursing officer of the board. From its organization until December 29, 1917, the board reported direct to the War Department through The Adjutant General. On that date orders were issued by the Secretary of War placing the work under the general supervision of the Chief of Engineers. The original plan of providing the money necessary for carrying on the work of the board is found in the act of January 27, 1905, which authorized the expenditure for the construction and mainte- nance of wagon roads, bridges, and trails in said district of 70 per cent, reduced by act of.March 3, 1913, to 65 per cent, of what is known as the Alaska fund, derived from vocational and trade licenses outside of incorporated towns. This fund proved to be so inadequate as well as uncertain in amount that the matter was taken up by the Secretary of War with Congress. An appropriation of $150,000 in aid of the work was made for the fiscal year 1907, and appropriations have since been made from year to year. For more extended information relating to previous operations and conditions under which the work is carried on, see pages 5 to 17, Annual Report of the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska, 1917, and pages 1986 to 1992, and 3841 to 3857, Report of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, for 1918. The special acts of Congress authorizing and defining the scope of the work and the duties of the board and authorizing the submittal of estimates to Congress are as follows: Act approved January 27, 1905 (33 Stats., 616). Act approved May 14, 1906 (34 Stats., 192). Act approved March 3, 1913 (37 Stats., 728). Act approved July 9, 1918 (40 Stats., 863). The latest published map is found in the report of the board for 1917. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR. Substantial progress was made in general maintenance, 180 miles of existing wagon road having been very much improved and 25 miles additional wagon road and 147 miles of new trail constructed. The winter of 1918-19 was unusually mild, but little damage hav- ing occurred during the spring break-up. Unfortunately, however, the board was not in a position financially to take advantage of the favorable season and work Was not well opened up until June 1. As a rule labor conditions were not as satisfactory as during the previous year. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $299,024.26, of which $184,195.15 was for maintenance and $114,829.11 for construction work. CONDITION AT END OF FISCAL YEAR. The total mileage of roads and trails constructed by the commis- sion aggregates 4,890 miles, consisting of 1,031 miles of wagon road, 2098 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 636 miles of sled road, and 3,223 miles of trail, of which 2,866 miles forms a connected system extending from Valdez, on the coast, and Chitina, on the Copper River Railroad, to Fairbanks and vicinity, with trails extending from the road system to Eagle, to the settle- ments above the Arctic Circle, to the lower Yukon, Nome, Candle, and to other Seward Peninsula points. This system is joined at several points on the Yukon River by a second connected system of 1,736 miles, made up largely of trails which, beginning at the south- ern coast line of the Territory with roads at Seward and in the vicinity of Turnagain Arm, form a mail route for the Iditarod, Ophir, and Innoko districts. There are also about 288 miles of short local roads and trails in other parts of the Territory. The system furnishes access to practically every developed portion of Alaska. The larger part of the wagon-road mileage is made up of earth roads, but approximately 400 miles may be classed as improved road, mostly surfaced with gravel. The demands of traffic are, however, increasing much faster than, the facilities can meet the requirements. In Keystone Canyon, on the Valdez-Willow Creek section of the main Valdez-Fairbanks road, beginning about 15 miles from Valdez, there are approximately 20 miles of road which require large yearly expenditures for maintenance. A. sum equal to the cost of three years' maintenance at the present rate of expenditure would be suffi- cient to enable the commission to relocate this portion of the road and to place it in such condition that the cost of upkeep per mile would not greatly exceed the territorial average. The commission has, however, not felt justified in incurring this heavier first cost. Several large bridges are in poor condition and need to be recon- structed. One of them, over the Gulkana River, on the main road to the interior, will cost approximately $75,000 to rebuild. Another, at Wells, wilrcost in the neighborhood of $30,000. This bridge has been declared unsafe for traffic. LOCAL COOPERATION. Over 40 per cent of the total cost of the road and trail system has been paid from the Alaska fund, which, as previously stated, is derived from Federal trade and occupational taxes collected outside of incorporated towns in Alaska. The amount expended from this source during the fiscal year was $52,372.31. The Territory expended during the same period $200,000 in construction, maintenance, and improvement of roads in various parts of the Territory, chiefly in localities where the board did. not operate. Some of the roads main- tained by the Territory were originally constructed by the board, but were turned over to the local authorities in accordance with a general informal agreement to relieve the Territory of all work in some localities, while depending upon the local authorities to take care of the roads of other sections. Direct cooperation has been limited to one or two small projects, the expenses of which were about equally divided. An act of the Territorial legislature, approved April 21, 1919, gives the Territorial board of road commissioners (composed of the gov- ernor, surveyor general, and the Territorial treasurer) "authority to enter into cooperative agreements with the Board of Road Commnis- BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2099 sioners for Alaska and the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States for the construction, repair, and maintenance of any public road, bridge, or ferry within the Territory of Alaska." The Terri- torial treasurer is authorized to deposit in the United States Treas- ury the funds agreed upon to cover the share of the Territorial road commission in such cooperative projects as are entered into, such funds to be expended by the disbursing officer of the Federal agency designated in the cooperative agreement. This law will permit close cooperation on road work, and should produce highly satis- factory results. Maj. W. H. Waugh, now president of the board, also represents the Department of Agriculture on all work in Alaska coming under the provisions of the Federal aid road act approved July 11, 1916. While the Territorial funds are not usually applicable to the mili- tary road system, and the Department of Agriculture funds are lim- ited to projects within, or partly within, the national forests, all road work in the Territory is, therefore,.now centralized, to a great extent, in the Alaska Road Commission. The Territorial legislature has appropriated for road work ap- proximately $200,000 per year for two years. Cooperative agreements have been entered into, or have been pledged, to the amount of $90,000 by the Territory and $84,000 by the Department of Agricul- ture. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. The roads and trails constructed by the board have not only opened up to development nearly all sections of the Territory but have effected large savings in freight charges. Data collected by the board in 1913 indicated that the direct saving in cost of transporta- tion of freight during that year due to the construction of roads by the board was $2,144,667. It is doubtful, however, if anything like that amount of freight would have been transported without the roads, and the indirect loss which would be occasioned by the restric- tion on output and development if the roads did not exist can not easily be estimated. Mail was handled by automobile on 160 miles of the Richardson Road between Chitina and Fairbanks during the entire winter. The use of automobiles has not been encouraged by the board, but their number is increasing rapidly. Approximately 90 per cent of the traffic on the main wagon roads is handled by motor, which has greatly increased the cost of road maintenance. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. It is proposed to use the $100,000 appropriation (approved July 11, 1919) entirely on maintaining the road-and-trail system. It is also proposed to apply the amount accruing from the Alaska fund, esti- mated at $75,000, to maintenance and improvement of existing roads and trails, except $16000, which has been allotted for new construc- tion on important projects. The Territory and Department of Agri- culture are cooperating on road work to the extent of $82,000. On account of the limited funds available the commission will be unable during the fiscal year 1920 to perform the usual work of main- 2100 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. tenance on the Valdez-Willow Creek section of road passing through the Keystone Canyon, where heavy annual expenditures for mainte- nance are required, and will be compelled to use the funds on the Chitina-Fairbanks Road. It is realized that by so doing the devel- opment of a valuable mining district will be retarded, and the main- tenance of the main telegraph line to the interior will become more difficult than in the past, but the withdrawal of funds from that sec- tion is regarded as imperative in order to keep open one route to the interior. Estimate for fiscal year ending June 30, 1921. Objects of expenditure. Estimated, Appropriated, O 1921. 1920. For the construction, repair, and maintenance of military and post roads, bridges, and trails, Territory of Alaska, to be immediately available.. $422, 200 $100,000 REMARKS CONCERNING ESTIMATES. It is proposed to maintain the present system of roads and trails, make such improvements as seem warranted, and to undertake such new construction and extension as the needs of the Territory require and funds will permit. The estimate for maintenance is much higher than for the fiscal year 1920 for the reason that the $100,000 appropriated in the Army act of July 11, 1919, will be insufficient to keep the present road system open. Deterioration is far greater than can be prevented with the funds provided. The commission has been compelled to stop work on many sections of road and to reduce the maintenance crews to a minimum. Provision is made for the making of funds immediately available. Practically all of the work has to be arranged for months ahead of actual operations. Distances are great and communication is diffi- cult. Supplies have to be purchased and in many cases freighted in over the snow during the winter. The working season is very short, and 'preparation must be made in advance for taking advantage of it. It is proposed to distribute the funds requested for the fiscal year 1921 approximately as follows: Southeastern Alaska: Juneau-Eagle River and Auk Bay extension (14 miles) ... $5, 000 Portage Road (10.8 miles) ------------------------- 5, 000 Haines-Pleasant Camp Road (47.5 miles) -------------- 35, 000 Salmon River Road (12 miles) ---------------------- 20, 000 $65, 000 Southwestern Alaska: Seward-Kenai Lake Road (8 miles) -------------------- 5, 000 Mile 29-Moose Pass Road (29.5 miles) ------------------ 5, 000 Talkeetna-Cache Creek Trail (47 miles) -- 0,000 1--- Herenden Bay Portage Trail (12 miles)---------------- 12, 000 Iliamna Bay Road (12 miles) --------- ------------ 5,000 37, 000 Nome district------------------------------20, 000 Valdez-Chitina-Fairbanks Road ---------- --------- 250, 000 BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2101 Yukon district: Fairbanks-Fort Gibbon sled road (410 miles) -------------- $3, 000 Circle-Miller House Road (49 miles) --------------------- 3, 000 Fort Gibbon-Kaltag Trail (257 miles) 000 1--------------------, Hot Springs-Sullivan Creek Road (9 miles road; 6 miles trail) ---------------------------------------- 3, 000 Fort Gibbon Trail (16.4 miles) 000 1--------------------------, Salchaket-Caribou Creek sled road (46 miles)------------- 300 Ruby-Long Creek Road (30 miles) - -------- - 3, 000 Coldfoot-Wiseman sled road (11.25 miles) --------------- 3, 000 Ophir-Tacotna Road (Ophir District), (23.5 miles)------- 0, 000 Fairbanks Bridge (maintenance) ------------------------- 100 Fairbanks-Ester Road (13 miles) ------------------------- Gilmore Summit Road (6 miles) - Fairbanks-Chena Hot Springs Trail (64 miles)___________ 800 Olness-Livengond sled road (54 miles)-____ Smallwod Creek Road (Fairbanks District) ____ - - 3, 000 Steel Creek Road (Fairbanks District) Birch Hill Road (Fairbanks District)-------------------j Summit Fish Creek Road (Fairbanks District) Gilmore Creek Road- (Fairbanks District) Rampart Eureka Road (28 miles) ------------------------ 1, 000 Eagle-O'Brien Creek Road (17 miles) -------------------- 3, 000 Lignite-Kantishna Road (45 miles) --------------------- 13, 500 Brooks Terminal Road (60 miles) ----------------------- 1, 500 50, 200 Total----------------------------------------------------- 422,200 RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. The customs report for the calendar year 1918 shows imports $41,625,564, exports $85,423,568, a total outside trade of $127,049,123, consisting almost entirely of trade with the United States. While these figures show a substantial increase over all previous years ex- cept 1917, it is fair to assume that a heavy increase even over 1917 would have resulted but for adverse conditions brought about by the war situation. It is believed that trade between the United States and Alaska is heavier than with any other possession. The large decrease in population, due to enlistments in the Army and to removal from the Territory on account of the high wages paid by industries in the States, has not been entirely recovered, but return travel was heavier during the last three or four months of this fiscal year than for many years past. With the return of com- modity prices to anything like normal, permitting the resumption of mining on a scale of former years, the population of the Terri- tory will doubtless show considerable increase. The building of the new Government railroad from Seward to Fairbanks is giving rise to a strong demand upon the board for the construction of wagon roads to act as feeders. Such funds as could equitably be allotted to the territory adjacent to the railroad have been expended there, but it is believed that the construction of these feeders constitutes a separate problem for which special provision should be made by appropriation or otherwise. 2102 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1919, including re- ceipts from sales, etc.: New work ------ ____--- $3, 026, 878.33 Maintenance -------------------------------- 1, 893, 777. 34 Total expended--------------- 4, 920, 655. 67 Appropriations to June 30, 1919: Construction and maintenance of military and post roads, bridges and trails, Alaska ______------------ - $2, 920, 000.00 Wagon roads, bridges, and trails, Alaska fund--- 2, 003, 576. 93 Total -------------------------------------- 4, 923, 576. 93 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for improvement and new work. $155, 577.12 $139, 217.62 $374, 738.90 $322, 501.73 $114, 829.11 Expended for maintenance................ 129,178.00 161,503.00 202,009.00 274,428.45 184,195.15 Total expended ............... ...... 284,755.12 300,720.62 576,747.90 597,020.18 299,024.26 Appropriated by Army act............ 125,000.00 165, 000.00 500, 000.00 500, 000.00 100, 000.00 Allotted from Alaska fund ............. 171,824.31 164, 402.30 50,000.00 256,000.00 35,000.00 Total.................... ............ 296, 824.31 329, 402.31 550,000.00 756, 000.00 135,000.00. . July 1, 1918, balance unexpended---------------------------- $194, 085. 68 Amount appropriated by Army act approved July 9, 1918--------- 100, 000. 00 Amount allotted from Alaska fund___________--- - -___----_ 35, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1919 ______________ 7, 204. 80 336, 290. 48 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year, including receijts from sales, etc.: New work -------------------------- $114, 829. 11 Maintenance -------------------- 184, 195. 15 ------- 299, 024. 26 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended ------------------------- 37, 266. 22 July 1, 1919, ouittanding liabilities_ --------------------- - 32, 328. 98 July 1, 1919, balance available------------------------------ 4, 937. 24 Amount appropriated by Army act approved July 11, 1919-------- 100, 000. 00 Amount available from Alaska fund on June 30, 1919----------- 184, 828. 36 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1920---------- 289, 765. 60 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1920 --------------------------------------- ---------- 422,200. 00 MONUMENTS AND MEMORIALS OUTSIDE THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. ERECTION OF MONUMENTS IN THE FIRST NEW YORK DISTRICT. District engineer.-Col. S. W. Roessler, United States Army, re- tired, to March 13, 1919; Col. Edward Burr, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer.-Brig. Gen. William T. Rossell, United States Army, retired, to November 30, 1918; Brig. Gen. Theodore A. Bing- 1 Exclusive of available funds. ERECTION OF MONUMENTS. 2103 ham, United States Army, retired, after that date to May 31, 1919, on which date the First New York District was temporarily with- drawn from the Northeast Division and the district engineer was given the powers of division engineer. M'CDONOUGHII MEMORIALS, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, N. Y. AND VT. Operations and results prior to June 30, 1918.-See Annual Report for 1917, page 1960, and 1918, page 1993. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Plans and specifica- tions for the Plattsburg Memorial have been completed and approved by the Fine Arts Commission. They are now awaiting the approval of the New York State Commission. The preparation of plans and specifications for the Vergennes Memorial has progressed. It is ex- pected that all plans and specifications will be completed and ap- proved in time to commence the work of construction in the spring of 1920. Financial summary. NEW YORK MEMORIAL. Amount expended to June 30, 1919, for new work-.. ___------- $1, 257. 91 Total appropriations to June 30, 1919_----_____-____--_ 125, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work ................... 204.37 $658.46 $158.08 $217.23 $19.77 Appropriated.............................. 125,000.00 ........ July 1, 1918, balance unexpended ____________________________ $123, 761. 86 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 19. 77 July 1, 1919, balance available"_________ -_ __-_ 123, 742.09 VERMONT MEMORIAL. Amount expended to June 30, 1919, for new work-_'_-........... $240. 70 Total appropriations to June 30, 1919__-- ------------- __ 15, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work .................. 91. 49 $69. 27 $61. 69 $18.25 .......... Appropriated...... ............. ....... 15,000.00 .. . ................ ............. July 1, 1918, balance unexpended __---- ----------------- $14, 759. 30 July 1, 1919, balance available_----___------------------ 14, 759. 30 ERECTION OF MONUMENTS IN THE PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. District engineer.-Mr. L. D. Shuman, assistant engineer, to January 19, 1919; Col. W. B. Ladue, Engineers, since that date. Division engineer.-Col. W. L. Fisk, United States Army, retired, to May 28, 1919; Maj. Gen. Peter C. Hains, United States Army, retired, since that date. 2104 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. 1. MEMORIAL MONUMENT AT GERMANTOWN, PA. The prior history and description of this work are contained in the Annual Reports of the Chiefs of Engineers for 1913, page 1501; 1914, page 1560; 1915, page 1719; 1916, page 1851; 1917, page 1962; and 1918, page 1994. The condition of the work at the end of the fiscal year is un- changed. The monument remains inclosed in a boarded-up hous-. ing. New stones to replace the two stones damaged in 1917 while in transit by rail from New York to Philadelphia have been obtained from the quarry in Tennessee since the termination of the war, and the work of carving the new stones is now in progress in the studio of the carver in New York City. It is expected that the work of carving and setting the new stones in place will be completed during the latter part of the calendar year 1919. Upon final completion, it is proposed to transfer the monument to the care and keeping of the city of Philadelphia, as provided in the enabling act. No work was done and no expenditures were made during the year. Financial summary. Amount appropriated by the sundry civil act approved Aug. 24, 191.2 _-__ --- ___--- _----------------- $25, 000. 00 Amount contributed by the National German-American Alliance and deposited in the Treasury of the United States---------------25, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended_------ ------------- 9, 826. 79 July 1, 1919, balance available----------------------- ___ 9, 826. 79 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contract------------9, 826. 79 CONTRACT IN FORCE. Sculptor and contractor: Albert Jaegers. Date of contract: May 20, 1913. Date of approval: June 25, 1913. Date of expiration: May 20, 1916. Consideration of contract: $50,000. Completed at close of fiscal year: 95 per cent. 2. MONUMENT ON THE BATTLE FIELD OF PRINCETON, N. J. The prior history and description of this work are contained in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for 1913, page 1503; 1914, page 1560; 1915, page 1720; 1916, page 1852; 1917, page 1963; and 1918, page 1995. The monument above the foundation will be constructed entirely of buff-colored Bedford Indiana limestone, backed with brick. All the material that will enter into the construction of the monument is now at the site of the work, and the stone has been set in place up to and including a portion of the cornice courses. The stone setting is about 90 per cent completed. It is expected that the work of carving will be commenced about September 1, 1919, upon com- pletion of the setting in place of all the stone in the monument, A tripartite supplemental agreement, providing for 'the substitu- tion of Bedford Indiana limestone as the material of the monument, in lieu of bronze and granite, and other slight modifications that ERECTION OF MONUMENTS. 2105 were deemed desirable by reason of the change in the material of the monument, was in course of preparation at the end of the fiscal year, and is expected to be approved early during the next fiscal year. It is anticipated that the monument will be completed and ready for transfer to the Princeton Battle Monument Commission at the close of the next fiscal year. The final working model for the statuary for the front face of the monument has been completed by the sculptor, in plaster. A photo- graph of this model was submitted to the Secretary of War and ap- proved by him June 17, 1919. Expenditures during the year were for inspection and incidental expenses. Financialsummary. Amount appropriated by the act of June 8, 1906------------------ $30, 000. 00 Amount contributed by the Princeton Battle Monument Association_ 30, 000. 00 Total ------------------- -------------------------------- 60, 000.00 June 30, 1918, amount expended during previous fiscal years from funds appropriated by the act of June 8, 1906 _____________ ___----------- $10,220.12 June 30, 1918, amount previously expended by the Prince- ton Battle Monument Association___ 10, 175. 71 1------------------ June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year from funds appropritted by the act of June 8, 1906--------- 37. 35 20, 433. 18 July 1, 1919, balance available_--------------------------- __ 39, 566. 82 July 1, 1919, amount covered by uncompleted contract------------- 39, 566. 82 CONTRACT IN FORCE. Sculptor and contractor: Frederick MacMonnies. Date of contract : May 10, 1913. Date of approval: June 21, 1916. Consideration of contract: $60,000. Completed at close of fiscal year: 60 per cent. ERECTION OF MONUMENT IN THE MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT. District engineer.-Mr. J. E. Turtle, to February 10, 1919; and Col. W. D. A. Anderson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer.-Col. John Millis, Corps of Engineers, to No- vember 9, 1918; Col. F. W. Altstaetter, Corps of Engineers, to Janu- ary 28, 1919; Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Rees, United States Army (now colonel, Corps of Engineers), since that date. MEMORIAL TO THE MEN WHO FOUGHT UNDER GEN. ANDREW JACKSON IN THE BATTLE AT THE HORSE SHOE ON THE TALLAPOOSA RIVER, ALA. By act approved April 2, 1914 (38 Stat., 311), Congress authorized the erection on the Horse Shoe Battle Ground on the Tallapoosa River, in the State of Alabama, of a memorial to the men who fought in that battle under the command of Gen. Andrew Jackson, the cost not to exceed $5,000. The act provided that the memorial should be erected under the direction of the Secretary of War; that the charge for its care and maintenance should be borne by the State of Ala- bama, or by some other authority designated by the governor of the 2106 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1919. State of Alabama; that the design should be subject to the approval of the Commission of Fine Arts; and that no part of the appropria- tion should be used for the purchase of anjT land in connection with the construction of the monument. The appropriation of $5,000 for this purpose was contained in the sundry civil appropriation act approved August 1, 1914 (38 Stat., 636). The duty of supervision of construction was, upon the recommen- dation of the Chief of Engineers, dated January 15, 1915 (E. D. 93577/6), assigned by the Secretary of War to the district engineer officer stationed at Montgomery, Ala. A program of competition was prepared with the assistance of the Commission of Fine Arts, and arrangements were made with Mr. Charles Keck, a prominent artist, selected from a list of artists recommended by the commission, to prepare and submit a design. Bids were called for by the district engineer officer under this pro- gram, the competition being open to all artists of established reputa- tion, citizens of the United States, and seven designs were received by the department April 17, 1916, together with the drawings and models accompanying them. None of the designs were deemed ap- propriate and all bids were rejected. At the request of the Secretary of War, the Commission of Fine Arts furnished the department with a general description of a type of monument which would in the opinion of the commission be suitable for the locality, and sketches to accord with the views of the commission were prepared and sub- mitted by Mr. Keck. A selection was made therefrom and upon request he submitted a final design and a proposition to deliver and erect the monument complete, together with samples of stone to be used. The offer was accepted and a contract entered into which was ap- proved by the Chief of Engineers on March 5, 1918, under the terms of which the work is to be completed within six months from date of the approval. In compliance with the act, the governor of the State of Alabama designated Dr. Thomas M. Owen, director of the department of archives and history of the State of Alabama, as custodian of the monument. Work of erection was completed August 28, 1918, inspected and accepted by a representative of the Montgomery, Ala., engineer office September 5, 1918. Payment was made in October, 1918, and the monument formally transferred November 11, 1918, to Dr. Thomas M. Owen, custodian. Financial zsummary. Amount appropriated by the sundry civil act approved Aug. 1, 1914 --$5, 000 Receipts from sale of photographs, fiscal year 1916 ___________________ 25 Total------------------------------------------------------ 5, 025 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Expended for new work1. ............ ...... $37.58 $73.45 $200.43 $3.78 $4,425.77 Appropriated and sundry receipts.................. 5,000.00 25.00 ... .. OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. 2107 July 1, 1918, balance unexpended-------- ----------------- $4, 709. 76 June 30, 1919, amount expended during fiscal year -_____- __ __ 4,425. 77 July 1, 1919, balance unexpended_______ _____________________ 283.99 ------ July 1, 1919, available balance_ ___________-___-- 283.99 CONTRACT IN FORCE. Contractor : Charles Keck. Date of contract: January 15, 1918. Date of approval: March 5, 1918. Date of completion: Prior to September 5, 1918. Consideration of contract: $4,300. Percentage of completion at end of fiscal year: 100 per cent. * * * * * * * OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, the following-named officers were on duty in this office as assistants to the Chief of Engi- neers: Brig. Gen. Frederic V. Abbot, since October 15, 1917; Col. Edward D. Ardery, since November 3, 1918; Maj. John S. Bragdon, since February 20, 1919; Col. Carey H. Brown, from August 28 to November 7, 1918; Lieut. Samuel J. Callahan, since June 9, 1919; Lieut. Col. John B. Carruth, since January 15, 1919; Lieut. Col. Bradford G. Chynoweth, from November 29, 1917, to May 8, 1919; Lieut. Col. Robert W. Crawford, from December 11, 1918, to June 28, 1919; Lieut. Col. Roscoe C. Crawford, from September 10, 1917, to September 16, 1918; Lieut. Col. James B. Cress, since September 16, 1918; Capt. Philip N. Cristal, from November 22, 1918, to April 2, 1919; Col. Thomas H. Emerson, since April 21, 1919; Capt. Gil- bert D. Fish, from October 10, 1918, to January 28, 1019; Lieut. Col. Milo P. Fox, since January 6, 1919; .Maj. Douglas H. Gillette, from February 25, 1919, to March 31, 1919; Col. Lindsay C. Herkness, from October 6, 1918, to October 17, 1918; Lieut. Col. William H. Holcombe, from September 23, 1918, to January 15, 1919; Lieut. Col. Rudolph C. Kuldell, from December 13, 1918, to December 18, 1918; Col. Edward H. Marks, since September 21, 1918; Col. Joseph C. Mehaffey, from November 6, 1917, to May 8, 1919; Brig. Gen. Henry C. Newcomer, from January 6, 1919, to March 7, 1919; Col. Earl North, from November 19, 1917, to October 3, 1918; Col. Clar- ence O. Sherrill, since February 14, 1919; Col. George B. Pillsbury, since May 31, 1919; Col. James G. Steese, from September 8, 1917, to September 12, 1918; Maj. Wilhelm D. Styer, from September 27, 1918, to March 31, 1919; Brig. Gen. Harry Taylor, since September 20, 1918; Maj. William F. Tompkins, since March 16, 1919; Col. Max C. Tyler, from February 26, 1917, to September 12, 1918; Lieut. Col. Charles F. Williams, since September 26, 1918; Maj. Douglas L. Weart, since May 29, 1919; Brig. Gen. E. Eveleth Winslow, from December 3, 1918, to July 1, 1919; Col. John M. Wright, since Octo- ber 12, 1917; Col. Gilbert A. Youngberg, since June 25, 1919; Lieut. Col. A. O. Powell, since October 22, 1917; Lieut. Col. Thomas E. Jansen, since September 4, 1917; Lieut. Col. Henry W. Hobbs, since July 16, 1918; Maj. John S. Doyle, from June 6, 1918, to January 18, 1919. W. M. BLACK, Major General, Chief of Engineers. FINDING LIST. SHOWING THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THIS REPORT BY DISTRICTS. [The references in roman are to part (or volume) and those in arabic to page.] Page. River and Harbor Board 97; ii, 2111 I----------------------------------- Portland, Me _ I, 99; II, 2115 Boston, Mass----------------- -------- - I, 121; II, 2129 Newport, R. I 169; ii, 2159 I,------------------------------------ New London, Conn___________________________________ I, 199; II, 2179 New York City, first district 252; ii, 2205 I,i_________________________ New York City, second district------------------------------ I, 364 ; II, 2275 New York City, third district. See New York City, second district. Philadelphia, Pa _______________________________________ , 405; ii, 2301 Wilmington, Del ------------------------------------------- , 430; 11, 2323 Baltimore, Md ----- I, 498; II, 2355 Washington, D. C------------------------------------------ , 548; II, 2387 Norfolk, Va -___----------- I, 576; iI, 2407 Wilmington, N. C ------------------------------------------ I, 624; I, 2435 Charleston, S. C ------------------------------------------- , 689; ii, 2485 Savannah, Ga__-_ I, 722; ii, 2503 Jacksonville, Fla - -- _____ 772; Ii, 2523 I,I________________________- Montgomery, Ala----------------------------------------- i, 856; , 2571 Mobile, Ala------------------------------------------- 911 ; , 2611 New Orleans, La------------------------------------------ , 958 ; II, 2639 Galveston, Texi_____________________________________ , 1045 ; II, 2701 Dallas, Tex-----------------------_ I, 1123 ; II, 2737 Vicksburg, Miss 1152; II, 2757 I,------------------------------------- Little Rock, Ark----------------------------------------- I, 1194; II, 2785 St. Louis, Mo___-------------------------------------------- I, 1222 ; II, 2803 Rock Island, Ill-------------------------------------------_ I, 1229; II, 2829 St. Paul, Minn___--------------- I, 1249 ; II, 2861 Kansas City, Mo , 1281; II, 2875 I------------- Nashville, Tenn ----------- , 1313; 11, 2915 Chattanooga, Tenn---------------------------------------- I, 1327; 11, 2931 Florence, Ala _----------------------------------------- , 1359; Ii, 2953 Ohio River, locks and dams_________________----------------, 1365; II, 2959 Pittsburgh, Pa_ 1382; Ii, 3057 I-------------------------------------- Wheeling, W. Va------------------------------------- I, 1401; iI, 3089 Cincinnati, Ohio, first district____________--------------- I, 1408; II, 3105 Cincinnati, Ohio, second district______________-------------- I, 1412; II, 3117 Louisville, Ky ________________--------- I, 1424; , 3114 Duluth, Minn-------------------------------------------- I, 1434; II, 3159 Milwaukee, Wis------------------------------------------- , 1469; Ii, 3177 Grand Rapids, Mich. See Milwaukee, Wis. Chicago, Ill -------------------------------------------- I, 1572; i, 3247 Detroit, Mich ---------------------- --- --------- I, 1606; II, 3269 Cleveland, Ohio-----------------------------------------, 1653; I, 3323 Buffalo, N. Y-------------------------------------------- I, 1690; II, 3341 Los Angeles, Calif---------------------------------------- I, 1738; III, 3375 San Francisco, Calif., first district_________------------__ I, 1753; III, 3383 San Francisco, Calif., third district __________------------- I, 1788; iII, 3397 Portland, Oreg., first district ----------------------------- 1, 1809; III, 3409 Portland, Oreg., second district______------------------------- I, 1857; III, 3433 Seattle, Wash_-------------------------------------------_ , 1891; III, 3459 Honolulu, Hawaii ---------------------------------------- I, 1938; III, 3493 San Juan, P. R------------------------------------------ I, 1949; Iii, 3505 California Debris Commission_________------------------- __ , 1955; III, 3509 125851--ENG 1919----I INDEX. [The references in roman are to part (or volume) and those in arabic to page.J A. Page. Abraham Lincoln Memorial, District of Columbia----------- i, 2057; In, 3817 Absecon Creek, N. J., improvement ----------------------- , 457; n, 2336 Absecon Inlet, N. J., improvement---- -------------------- I, 455; n. 2335 Academy Creek, Brunswick Harbor, Ga., improvement- --- _ I, 766; ni, 2519 Acushnet River, New Bedford Harbor, Mass., improvement_- I, 174; ii, 2162 Adams Creek, N. C., improvement of waterway via----------- I, 609; II, 2426 Agate Bay Harbor, Minn., improvement----- ------------- I, 1437; ii, 3161 Alabama River, Ala., improvement ------------------------ I, 899 ; I, 2602 Alabama, State of, removal of water hyacinths from I, 1042; ii, 2699 Alaska, Board of Road Commissioners for___ -_____-I, 2095; In, 3871 Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal, N. C. and Va., improvement__ i, 609; 11, 2426 Albemarle Sound, N. C., improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va., via Pasquotank River-------------------------------__ , 606; ii, 2425 Alexandria, Va., improvement of Potomac River ati-----------, 555; 11,2392 Algoma Harbor, Wis., improvement _________________ I, 1493; ii, 3191 I_ Allegheny River, Pa.: Construction of locks and dams___----------------------, 1391; ii, 3076 Improvement by open-channel work , 1389; ii, 3074 I------------------- Improvement of Pittsburgh Harbor___-- __-,_-------- , 1396; ii, 3085 Operating and care of locks and dams-___-______-__ I, 1395; n, 3078 Alligator Creek, S. C., improvement of waterway from McClellanville to Charleston_--------- _ ----------------------------- I, 710; I, 2497 Alligator River, N. C., improvement of waterway via--------- I, 609; ii, 2426 Alloway Creek, N. J., improvement ________----____-- ___I, 444; , 2330 Alpena Harbor, Mich., improvement_______________________ , 1634; n, 3310 Altamaha River, Ga., improvement____ I, 756; ii, 2515 Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement- -. I, 294; In, 2225 American Red Cross, memorial to women of Civil War to be used by__ I, 2057; III, 3817 Amite River, La., improvement ----------------------------- 1,982; ii, 2667 Anacortes Harbor, Wash., improvement of Cap Sante waterway 1, 1925; III, 3483 Anacostia River, D. C.: Improvement ------------------------------------------ , 552; , 2390 Reclamation and development of the flats ______________, 2007; II, 3797 Anahuac Channel, Tex., improvement ___-______- _____ I, 1071; ii, 2716 Anchorage grounds, rules for establishment of_______--,__-___i, 1981 Anclote River, Fla., improvement ______- Apalachicola Bay, Harbor, and River, Fla.: _________ ______I, 825; I, 2553 Improvement of channel to St. Andrews Bay 875; I, 2585 i_________I, Improvement of harbor in bay-------------------------, 859; I, 2573 Improvement of river, including the Cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River------- --- , 862; II, 2575 I---------------------- Apoon Mouth, Yukon River, Alaska, improvement ----------- , 1933; ii, 3488 Appomattox River, Va., improvement------------------------ I, 593; n, 2420 Appoquinimink River, Del., improvement_ -__--..i, 472; ii, 2343 I____- Appropriations: -Allotments and transfers under river and harbor act of March 4, 1915 -------------------------------------------------- , 1,95 Fortifications --------------------------------------------- I, 69. Locks and dams, Ohio River_ ... __. __- 1379; 11, 2959 I_______I, Rivers and harbors------ --..----.. ----------------- , 93 Ir IV INDEX. Page. Aqueduct Bridge, Washington, D. C., repair_________----...- 1, 2012 Aqueduct, Washington, D. C., maintenance and repair of-____ Aquia Creek, Va., improvement_ -_________1__I______ _ 1,_2018; III, 3801 , 561; 11, 2396 Aransas Bay and Pass, Tex.: Examination and survey of channel to Corpus Christi ------------ I, 1123 Improvement at Harbor Island_______________________ , 1113; i, 2733 Improvement of channel to Corpus Christi (via Turtle Cove) I, 1103; II, 2729 Improvement of channel to Pass Cavallo__________________ , 1100; II, 2728 Improvement of channel to Victoria (on Guadalupe River)_ I, 1097; 11, 2726 Improvement of Pass 1113; II, 2733 I------------------------------, Arcadia Harbor, Mich., improvement_- - -- ______________.. I, 1559; II, 3237 Arkansas River, Ark.: Examination and survey----- 1222 I--------------------------- Improvement ------------------------------------ 1194 ; I, 2785 Arlington Memorial Amphitheater and Chapel_____________ , 2058; IIT,3817 Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission __- __--___ -___-- I, 2058; III, 3817 Armory Commission of District of Columbia --------------- , 2057; iI, 3817 .Army Service Schools, lithographic press, Fort Leavenworth, Kans._ I, 92 Arthur Kill, N. Y. and N. J.: Examination and survey_ __-_-___------------_I, 405 Improvement. _---__------------------------ , 374, 377; ii, 2283, 2287 Arthur Lake, Mermentau River, La., improvement----------I, 1030; ,;2692 Ashland Harbor, Wis., improvement 1449; II, 3167 ,---------------------- Ashley River, S. C., improvement-------------------- ----- , 717; ii, 2500 Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio, improvement ________----- __ I, 1681; xx, 3336 Assistants: Civilian, to Engineer officers________ ________------------- , 93 On duty in the office of the Chief of Engineers-- ------ I, 2107 Association of Congresses of Navigation, Permanent International__ _ , 1976 Atchafalaya Bay Ship Channel Co., maintenance of channel from Morgan City to the Gulf of Mexico by ------------ 1008; II, 2681 i-----------, Atchafalaya River, La.: Improvement ---------------------------------- I, 1008; ii, 2681 Removing snags and wrecks----------------------------- I, 1227; ii, 2823 Survey by the Mississippi River Commission ______________-__ I, 1976 Augusta, Ga.: - Improvement of Savannah River above______-- _--i, 735; Ii, 2509 Improvement of Savannah River at-------------------- I, 732 , 2508 Improvement of Savannah River below------ --------- , 729; II, 2507 Augusta Narrows, White River, Ark., improvement --------- , 1201; ii, 2789 Aux Bees Scies Lake, Frankfort Harbor, Mich., improvement__ I, 1561; ii, 3238 B. Back Bay of Biloxi, Miss.: Examination and survey_______ 1, 958 Improvement of Biloxi Harbor__ --------------- i, 947; II, 2635 Back Cove, Portland Harbor, Me., improvement-- , 114; II, 2122 I------------ Back (Weymouth) River, Mass., improvement --- 161; ii, 2154 I-----x, Ballard, Wash., improvement of Lake Washington Canal-.... i, 1914; In, 3479 Baltimore, Md.: Defenses of ------ -------------------------- ----------- I, 67 Engineering district ------------------ , I, 498; II, 2355 Improvement of harbor and channels___ ___------------ I, 498; II, 2355 Bangor Harbor, Penobscot River, Me., improvement---------- I, 104; 11, 2118 , 985; iI, 2668 Barataria Bay and Bayou, La., improvement__--__----------- Bar Harbor, Me., construction and breakwater , 102; II, 2116 I_______________ Bar Lake, Arcadia Harbor, Mich., improvement-,------------- 1559; iI, 3237 Barren River, ,Ky., operating and care of lock and dam- --- 1428; I---, 11, 3143 Bartholomew Bayou, La. and Ark., improvement___--------- , 1167; I, 2768 Bass Harbor, Me., improvement___------------------------- I, 103; II, 2117 Bastrop Bayou, Tex., improvement- 1086; Ii, 2722 ,------__ Batteries, gun and mortar--------------- ------------- I, 69 Battery, The, New York Harbor, N. Y., removal of shoal in Hudson River off Pier A_ ------------------------------------ I, 324; iI, 2248 Baudette Harbor and River, Minn., improvement------------ , 1278; 11, 2872 INDRX. Bay Ridge Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y.: Page. Examination and survey_ -- -- --------------------- I_,363 Improvement ----------------------- --------- I, 302; 11, 2229 Bay River, N. C., improvement_,_____, 638; ii, 2445 Bayside Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement-_____ I,294; ii, 2225 Bear Creek, Miss., improvement__________--------------- 1,1182; II, 2777 Beaufort Harbor and River, N. C.: Examinations and surveys- -- ----------------------------- I, 689 Improvement of harbor----------------------------- I, 656; II, 2459 Improvement of waterway to Core Sound__-------------- I,659; ii, 2461 Improvement of waterway to Jacksonville, N. CI--------- I, 661; Ii, 2463 Improvement of waterway to New River_--------- I,661; II, 2463 Beaufort Inlet, N. C.: Improvement_ ------------------------------------ I, 667; , 2467 Improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va--------- I,609; i, 2426 Improvement of waterway to Pamlico Sound-____--- I,654; iI,2456 Operating and care, waterway to Norfolk, Va .---------- 1, 614; ni, 2429 Beaufort, S. C.: Improvement of waterway to St. Johns River, Fla ____-- Improvement of waterway to Savannah, Ga i, 738; iI,2510 , 738; iI, 2510 i---------- Bee Tree Shoals Canal, Tennessee River, Ala., operating and care --------------------------------------------- i, 1349; nI, 2949 Bellingham Bay and Harbor, Wash., improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway (New Whatcom Harbor) ----------- r,1926; xiI, 3484 Benton Harbor Canal, St. Joseph Harbor, Mich., improvement__ , 1525; ii,3211 Beverly Harbor, Mass., improvement__________---------___ , 141; I, 2142 Big Kanawha River, W. Va., operating and care of locks and dams ___--- _--_____-----------__---------- ------- --------- i, 1404; i, 3095 Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky.: Improvement, including Tug and Levisa Forks , 1416; ii,3125 I________ Operating and care of locks and dams__________________ , 1419; ii, 3127 Big Sunflower River, Miss.: Improvement _--_ 1184; ii,2778 i,------------------------------ Operating and care of lock and dam----------------- 1193; i, 2783 Big Thoroughfare River, Md., improvement-------- I,544; 11, 2385 Biloxi Harbor, Miss.: Examination and survey of Back Bay of Biloxi__ - i_,958 Improvement 947; II,2635 I------------------------------------- Biscayne Bay, Fla.: Examination and survey 855 I------------------------ Improvement- ------------------------------------- I,799; II, 2539 Blackfish Bayou, Ark., improvement..------ I,1213 ;i, 2796 Black Lake, Holland Harbor, Mich., improvement I-----------, 1536; II,3218 Black River, Ark. and Mo.: Examination and survey ---------------- 1, 1222 i---------------- Improvement __------------------------------------- ,1207; 11. 2792 Black River, La., improvement__----_-__--__ I,1156; ii,2760 Black River, Lorain, Ohio: Examination and survey ---------------------------------- I, 1690 Improvement --------------------__ -------_---- I,1668; i, 3331 Black River, Mich., improvement,_____---------------------1642; II, 3318 Black River, N. C., improvement------------------------ I,683; ii,2478 Black River, Wis., operating snag and dredge boats --------- I, 1243; ii,2854 Black Rock Harbor and Channel, N. Y.: Examination and survey --___-______ _______------------ , 1738 Improvement ------------------------------------- , 1704; I, 3350 Improvement of Lake Erie entrance_----------------- 1704; n, 3350 Operating and care of canal and lock, etc-------------i, 1713; n, 3355 Black Rock Harbor, Conn., improvement ------------------- , 233; ii,2194 Black Warrior River, Ala.: Improvement -I,---------- --------- 920; II, 2615 Operating and care of locks and dams_ 932; ni, i, ,------------2620 Blackwater River, Fla., improvement-- ------------------.. I,890; i, 2595 Blackwater River, Va., improvement- -- ----- I,616; ni, 2431 Block Island, R. I.: Construction of harbor of refuge ----- I,I------------- 193; II,2174 Improvement of Great Salt Pond- - - I,195; I, 21.76 Blood River, La., improvement_-.........----- I,979; 11, 2665 Vi INDEX. Boards: See also Commissions. Page. Engineers for Rivers and Harbors____.. .1,- , 97; nI, 2111 Experimental towboats, Mississippi River__________ _ 1, 1977; in, 3523 Road commissioners for Alaska________________ ____ I, 2095; III, 3871 The Board of Engineers ------------------------------------ I, 67 Boca Ceiga Bay, Fla., improvement -________-___________- I, 823; ii, 2552 Boeuf Bayou, La., improvement ------------------------- , 1165; n, 2766 Bogue Falia, La., improvement____________________________ I, 974; i, 2662 Bogues Bay, Va., improvement-------------------------- I, 496; 11, 2353 Bogue Sound, N. C., improvement -------------- I, 661; iI, 2463 Booms, permits for erection of- ----- __----------, 1986 Boston, Mass.: Defenses ------------------------------------------------ I, 67 Engineering district -------------------------------- , 121; ii, 2129 Examination and survey of harbor with a view to the construction of an entrance channel through Short Beach, etc______________ 1, 169 Improvement of mouth___________________----------------------------- , 129; n, 2132 Braden River, Fla., examination and survey , 856 i----------------------- Brandywine River, Wilmington Harbor, Del., improvement -_____ , 466; I, 2340 Branford Harbor, Conn., improvement_________________ I, 220; 11, 2188 Brazos Island Harbor, Tex.: Examination and survey_____--- ___- ___-___--- ---- _ I, 1122 Improvement ----------------- I, 1117 ; I, 2735 Brazos River, Tex.: Examination for flood control_-____ _____----- _ I, 1152 Improvement between Old Washington and Waco -------- , 1140; 11, 2752 Improvement between Velasco and Old Washington------- I, 1111; 11, 2732 Improvement of channel to Matagorda Bay___________ I, 1094; ii, 2725 Improvement of mouth ________-__________________ I, 1106; 11, 2730 Operating and care of locks and dams__________---- I, 1143; 11, 2753 Reexamination from Old Washington to Waco_________ __ I, 1152 Brazos-Santiago Pass, Tex., improvement-___ ___- __ I,I_-1117; 11, 2735 Brentons Cove, R. I., removal of Nourmahal Rock____________ , 181; 11, 2168 Bridgeport Harbor, Conn., improvement_____________________ , 233; 11, 2194 Bridges: Alteration of, obstructing navigation__________________________ , 1985 Aqueduct Bridge, Washington, D. C I, 2012 Construction across navigable waters 1982 i-_________________ Highway Bridge, Washington, D. C---_--------------- , 2033; 111, 3817 Key Bridge, Potomac River at Georgetown, D. C., construction---- I, 2015 Rules governing opening of drawsI_____ _________-------__ , 1981 Broad Creek, Md., improvement- ------------ 541; n, 2383 I-------, Broad Creek River, Del., improvement_ I, 530; 11, 2377 Broadkill River, Del., improvement _i-- ------------------- , 488; 11, 2350 Broad Sound, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement ------------ , 129; ii, 2132 Bronx (Harlem) Kills, N. Y., examination and survey ______ ___-- _ I, 363 Bronx River, N. Y., improvement_________--___----------- I, 268; xn, 2213 Browns Creek, N. Y., improvementI-----------------------, 286; 11, 2222 Brownsville, Tex., flood protection on the Rio Grande at -.. I, 1120; i, 2736 Brul4 Plaquemine Bayou, La., improvement_______ __------ , 1036; 11, 2695 Brunswick Harbor, Ga., improvement--__----- 766; _, I-------- 11, 2519 Brunswick River, N. C., improvement of Cape Fear River below Wil- mington__ ------------------------------------------- , 672; , 2469 Budd Inlet, Olympia Harbor, Wash., improvement , 1907; in, 3468 i--------- Buffalo Bayou, Tex.: Examination and survey______------------------------- ___ , 1122 Improvement of waterway to Houston-------------- I, 1060; ni, 2712 Buffalo, N. Y.: Engineering district _____--- --------- ----------- x, 1690; I, 3341 Improvement of Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor_____ I, 1704; in, 3350 Improvement of harbor_------------------- I, 1698; xi, 3346 Operating and care of Black Rock Canal and Ferry Street Bridge__ I, 1713; 11, 3355 Bulkhead lines, establishment_ -------- I, 1988 Burlington Harbor, Vt., improvement_ ____ _ _ , 354; , 2271 INDEX. VII Page. Burr Creek, Conn., improvement-------------------------- 1,233; ii, 2194 Buzzards Bay, Mass.: Examination and survey of bay and approaches to Cape Cod Canal__ I, 199 Examination and survey of waterway to Cape Cod Bay---------- I, 198 Byram River, Port Chester Harbor, N. Y., improvement -------- i, 253; Ii, 2205 C. Caddo Lake, Tex. and La., improvement by construction of dam at foot of ----------------------------------------------- I, 1148; II, 2755 Calaveras River, Calif., improvement____________-____ __ I,1796; ii, 3401 Calcasieu Pass and River, La.: Examination and survey______________________ __-__ I, 1045 Improvement 1038; 11, 2697 ,----------------------------------- California Debris Commission I,------------------------- 1955; I, 3509 Caloosahatchee River, Fla.: Examination and survey -------------- I, 856 Improvement_ 811; ii, 2545 I------------------------------------- Calumet Harbor and River, Ill. and Ind.: Improvement of harbor (South Chicago Harbor)_________ I,1580; ii, 3251 _ Improvement of -river _ _ ---------------------------- I, 1584; ii, 3253 Cambridge Harbor, Md., improvement______________________ I,525; , 2373 Camden, N. J., improvement of harbor____ __-, ,419; Ii,2317 ____ i___ Camps for training Engineer reserve officers -.- I, 50 Camps, mobilization___________________________ I, 20 Canada, Dominion of: Commerce through St. Marys Falls Canal ------------- , 1627; i, 3282 Transmission of electrical power into United States at Niagara Falls ------------------ I, 2083; 3865 IIi, Canals: See also Waterways. Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal, N. C., improvement . I, 609; ii,2426 Appropriation for operating and care-------., --------------------- 94 Bee Tree Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care.---------- I,1349; II, 2949 Benton Harbor Canal, St. Joseph Harbor, Mich., improvement ___ I, 1525; 11,3211 Black Rock Canal and Ferry Street Bridge, Buffalo, N. Y., oper- ating and care________________--_-------- I,1713; i, 3355 Calaveras River, Calif., to Mormon Channel, San Joaqui River; improvement _-- ------------------------- , 1796; III,3401 I--- Cape Cod Canal, examination and survey of canal and approaches to --- ------------------------------------------------ ,198 Care and maintenance, appropriation for ---------------------- I, 1,94 Cascades Canal, Columbia River- Construction-----------------_----------------, 1840; n, 3424 Operatifig and care -- 1854; III, 3429 I,-------------------------- Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, Del. and Md., improvements --- , .470; II, 2342 Colbert Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care 1349; II, 2949 ,--------- Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg. and Wash.- Improvement ----------- -------------------- I, 1843; in, 3424 Operating and care--------------------------- I,1855; In, 3430 Des Moines Rapids Canal and Dry Dock, Mississippi River, oper- ating and care ----------------------------- i, 1240; ii, 2851 Dismal Swamp Canal, 'Va. and N. C., improvement of waterway via-----------------------I-------------------------------- , 606; ii, 2425 Elk River Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care--------- I,1363; Ii, 2955 Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, S. C., improvement ------- I , 701; II, 2492 Illinois and Michigan Canal, war emergency work------- I,1602; 11, 3267 Illinois and Mississippi Canal, Ill., operating and care ... I, 1246; II,2857 Keokuk (Des Moines Rapids) Canal and Dry Dock, Mississippi River, operating and care ------------------------ , 1240; 2851 H, Lake Washington Canal, Wash.- Improvement - 1914; in, 3479 I------------------------------, Operating and care --------------------------- . . i,,1932; in, 3486 VnI INDX. Canals-Continued. Louisville and Portland Canal, Ohio River, Ky.- Page. Enlargement -- 1366; ii, 3007 I-------------------------------, Operating and care_ ---------------------------- , 1380; Ii, 3050 Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, and branch canal to Lake Michigan, etc., examination and survey I, 1412 Muscle Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care , 1363; ni, 2955 ---------- Navigation of, regulations for_________________________________ , 1980 Operating and care, appropriation for____ - -______-- __ ___ I, 94 Portage Lake Canals, Mich., improvement_______________ , 1455; ii, 3170 Port Arthur Ship Canal, Tex.- Examination and survey--------------------------------I, 1152 Improvement -------- 1124; II, 2737 I------------------- 1, Regulations for Navigation 1980 I------------------------ Sabine-Neches Canal- Contributions for improvement-------------------I, 1129; 11, 2742 Examination and survey------------------------------_, 1152 Improvement --------------------------------- I, 1127; II, 2742 St. Lucie Canal, Fla., examination and survey----------------- , 85 St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich.- Commercial statistics_ Improvement __ ------------------------ -i____-----------, 1628; II, 3286 , 1606; , 3276 Operating and care ---------------------------- , 1627; II, 3282 San Joaquin River, Calif., Mormon Channel to Calaveras River, im- provement ------------------------------------ I, 1796; III, 3401 Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wis., improvement_ I, 1490 ; I, 3188 Thoroughfare Bay to Cedar Bay, N. C., improvement ------ I, 652; ii, 2456 West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal, Tex., improve- ment 1091; iI, 2723 i,------------------------------------- Cannes, des, Bayou, La.: Examination and survey_,---------------------------------- 1044 Improvement--- -. -- i, 1030; i, 2692 Cape Ann, Mass., harbor of refuge, improvement____________ I, 127; 1i, 2131 Cape Charles City Harbor, Va., improvement , 603; ii, 2423 i________--___ Cape Cod Canal, examination and survey of canal and approaches to__. I1,198 Cape Fear River, N. C.: Defenses ----------------------------------------- I, 67 Examinations and surveys- --------------------------------- I, 689 Examination and survey of Northeast Branch -i-- ----- I, 689 Improvement above Wilmingtion--.---- ------------- 1,677; ii, 2474 Improvement at and below Wilmington-------- I, 672; ii, 2469 Improvement of Northeast Branch___ 680; II, 2476 i________-----, Operating and care of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 and 2_______ i, 686; II, 2480 Cape Lookout, N. C., improvement of harbor of refuge---- 1, 669; ii, 2468 Cape May, N. J., improvement of Cold Spring Inlet, N. J I, 452; II, 2334 Cape Vincent Harbor, N. Y., improvement_ ----------------- I, 1732; 11n, 3370 Capitol, Washington, D. C., telegraph line----------------_ I, 2054; III, 3817 Cap Sante waterway; Anacortes Harbor, Wash., improvement_ I, 1925; nt1,3483 Carrabelle Harbor and River, Fla., improvement ___-- ____---, 857; i, 2571 Cascades Canal, Columbia River, Oreg.: Construction_ ---------- -------- , 1840; III, 3424 Operating and mining___________________------------, 1854; II, 3429 Casemates, mining -- ------------------------------------- I, 76 Cat River, Va., improvement of waterway, vi 496; Ii, 2353 i--------------, Cavallo Pass, Tex.: Improvement of channel to Aransas Pass---,------- 1100; ii, 2728 Improvement of channel to Port Lavaca-----, --------- 1,1099; ii, 2727 Cedar Bayou, Tex., improvement 1, 1078; II, 2719 I---------------- Cedar Bay to Thoroughfare Bay, N. C., improvement-------- I, 652; I, 2456 Cedar Creek, Conn., improvement- --- --------------- _ , 233; i, 2194 Celilo Falls, Columbia River_ ___________, ---------------- 1,1846; inI, 3424 Chambersia (Anahuac) Channel, Tex., improvementi--------, 1071; i, 2716 Champlain Lake, N. Y. and Vt.: Burlington Harbor, Vt., improvement __---- ---------- 1, 354; ii, 2271 Macdonough Memorials __________------------------ I, 2103 Narrows, improvement---I---- ------------------------- , 351; I, 2270 Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement__ , 357; i, 2273 I----------- Port Henry Harbor, N. Y., improvement -i-------------- , 359; i, 2274 INDEX. Ix Channels. See Rivers and harbors, Canals and Waterways. Page. Charles River, Boston, Mass., improvemenit___---------------_. , 129; li, 2132 Charleston, S. C.: Defenses ------- -- I,,---------------------- 67 Engineering district - 689; i, 2485 _, i_________-___--___-_____--_ Examinations and surveys___________ ____________I, 722 Improvement of harbor I, 713; II, 2498 Improvement of waterway to Winyah Bay_____-___- - __ I, 710; II, 2497 Charlevoix Harbor, Mich., improvenment_ , 1564; II, 3242 Charlotte Harbor, Fla.: Examination and survey_------ - - - ____ _I,855 Improvement -------------------------- - I, 817; 11, 2548 Charlotte Harbor, N. Y., improvement-------------------- I. 1717; II, 3360 Charts. See Maps and charts. Chattahoochee River, Ga. and Ala.: Examination and survey ----------------------------------- I, 910 Improvement below Columbus ---------------------- I, 872; II, 2582 Chattanooga, Tenn., engineering district ____________-___--, 1327; II, 2931 Cheboygan Harbor, Mich., improvement 1630; ii, 3308 I-------------------, Cheesequake Creek, N. J., improvement __-------------------- I, 391; II, 2294 Chefuncte River, La., improvement ---- ------------------ I , 974; II, 2662 Chehalis River, Wash., improvement --------------------- , 1897; III, 3462 Chelsea Creek, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement ----------- , 129; II, 2132 Chemical Warfare Service -------------------------------------- I, 14 -- Chene Bayou, La., examination and survey ______________________ , 1045 Chequamegon Bay, Ashland Harbor, Wis., improvement------- I, 1449; II, 3167 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, Del. and Md., improvement-- I, 470; II, 2342 Chesapeake Bay, Md. and Va.: Defense at entrance___ __, _____ __________67 Thimble Shoal, improvement------------------------ I, 582; II, 2414 Waterway to Beaufort Inlet, improvement-------------- I, 609; 1i, 2426 Waterway to Delaware Bay, improvement -------------- , 470; ii, 2342 Waterway to sounds of North Carolina (to Pamlico Sound), im- provement--------------------------------------, 606; II, 2425 York Spit, removal of shoals opposite__-----___---- __ I, 498; II, 2355 Chester River, Md., improvement_________-------__---____ I, 509; iI, 2363 Chester River, Pa., improvement--- -------------------- I, 464; II, 2339 Chicago Harbor and River, Ill.: Improvement of harbor ______________--__--------_ I, 1572; II, 3247 Improvement of river --.----- -------------------- , 1577; i, 3250 Chicago, Ill.: Drainage canal__----- ___i----------,2089 Engineering district------------------------------ , 1572; II, 3247 Chickasahay River, Miss., improvement---_____-- _______------- _ , 942; II, 2633 Chief of Engineers, officers on duty in the office of the__ 2107 i_______----, Chincoteague Inlet and Bay, Va.: Waterway on coast of Virginia, improvement------------ I, 496; Ii, 2353 Waterway to Delaware Bay, examination and survey-- ------------ i, 498 Waterway to Delaware Bay, improvement_______________ I, 493; II, 2352 Chipola River, Fla.: Improvement of lower river_-------------- 862; 1i, 2575 I----------, Improvement of upper river_------------------------ , 866; ii, 2576 Chippewa River, Wis., operating snag and dredge boats .------ I, 1243; I1, 2854 Chocolate Bayou, Tex., improvement ------------ ___,____--- 1084; II, 2722 Choctawhatchee River, Fla. and Ala., improvementi----------, 883; II, 2590 Choptank River, Md., improvement____------- ------- , 520; , 2370 Christiana River, Del., improvement of Wilmington Harbor.-- I, 466; II, 2340 Cincinnati, Ohio: First engineering district-_____i, 1408; II, 3105 Second engineering district___------__------------- I, 1412; II, 3117 Civilian assistants to Engineer officers-- -------- I,I, 99---------------- Civilian employees, office of the Chief of Engineers----i------------- I, 93 Civil War, Women of, Memorial to---------------------- i, 2057; III, 3817 Claiborne Harbor, Md., improvement--------------------- I, 514; II, 2367 Clatskanie River, Oreg., improvement------------------ I, 1867; III, 3445 Clear Creek, Tex., improvement------------------------- I, 1080; Ii, 2720 Clearwater Harbor, Fla., improvement of channel to Tampa Bay_ I, 823; xI, 2552 INDEX. Page. Clearwater River, Idaho, examination and survey ----------------- I, 1857 Cleveland, Ohio: Engineering. district -- __-------- - - __ --------- I, 1653; ii, 3323 Examination and survey of harbor_____ - - r, 1690 I_____-______ Improvement of harbori-----------------------------, 1672 II,3332 Clinch River, Tenn., improvement------------------------I, 1353; xi,2951 Clinton River, Mich., improvement______-____ _______ I,1645; iI,3319 Coast defenses----------------------------------------------- I,67 Coenties Reef, New York Harbor, N. Y., removal------------- , 306; II, 2240 Cohansey River, N. J., improvement ---------------------- I, 446; ii, 2332 Coinjock Bay, N. C., improvement of waterway via---------- I, 609; ii, 2426 Colbert Shoals Canal, Teniessee River, Ala., operating and care_ I, 1349: ii,2949 Cold Spring Inlet, N. J., improvement____________---____ Coldwater River, Miss., improvement_____-- ________-__- I, 452; 11, 2334 I,1179; II, 2776 Colorado River, Ariz., improvement- --------------- ___ r, 1738; III, 3375 Colorado River, Tex: Examination and survey _-----------____ I, 1122 Examination for flood control- -- ________________--_-- _ __- , 11.23 Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash.: Cascades Canal- Construction_-___ _ __ ------- I,1840; II, 3424 Operating and care-------------------------- i,1854; IIn, 3429 Celilo Falls to Snake River, including tributaries, improvement from... ---------------------------------------- , 1846; III, 3425 Celilo Falls to The Dalles Rapids,' improvementI---------, 1843; III, 3424 Celilo Falls to The Dalles Rapids, operating and care of canal and locks- --------- ---------- I, 1855; III, 3430 Defenses----------------- ------------------------------ , 67 Examinations and surveys---------.------------------ I,1857, 1890 Mouth, defenses------ ------------------------------------ I,67 Mouth, improvement ------------- ------ I,1857; II, 3433 Mouth to Willamette River, improvement ____________-, 1861; III,3437 Threemile Rapids, improvement____________--___-__ , 1843; III, 3424 Wenatchee, Wash., to Kettle Falls, improvement------- I,1928; III, 3486 Commencement Bay, Wash., improvement ------------ i, 1909; III, 3469 Commissioned oficers : Duties -------- --------------------- ------------ I,4 Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps_________, 9 Increase in number of, provided by act of June 3, 1916_.______-- I, 7 Number, distribution, and changes during the year_____.....__ .. I,4 Officers on duty in office of the Chief of Engineers--------------- I,2107 Commissions: See also Boards. Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission ......- i, 2058; III, 3817 California D6bris Commission_____ 1, 1955; II, 3509 District of Columbia Armory Commission__ , 2057; III, 3817 I_______ Fine Arts Commission____________________________ I,2057; III, 3817 Mississippi River Commission_________________________ I,1969; In, 3525 Permanent International Association of Congresses of Navigation__ , 1.976 Compton Creek, N. J., improvement---------------------- I,398; 11, 2298 Conecuh River, Ala., improvement ----------------------- , 892; ii,2597 Coney Island Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement__ I, 300; II, 2229 Congaree River, S. C.: Improvement _-----------_ --------------------- I, 706; II,2494 Operating and care of lock and dam_____________ ____ I, 709; ii, 2496 Congresses of Navigation, permanent International Association of __- I,1976 Conneaut Harbor, Ohio, improvement__ I, 1685; ir, 3338 Connecticut River, Mass. and Conn.: Improvement above Hartford, Conn _____________ ___ I, 212; II, 2185 Improvement below Hartford, Conn ______i, 214; II,2185 i_________ Constable Hook to Ellis Island, New York Harbor, examinaton and survey . _____________-------------- ------- I, 405 Contentnea Creek, N. C., improvement____-_-____-______-- I,647; II, 2452 Contingencies, Engineer Department, Philippine Islands-------------- I,93 Contingencies of rivers and harbors, estimate of appropriation -- _____ -, 1979 INDEX. XI Continuing contracts: Page. Appropriations, estimate--___------------------- -------------- I, 97 Delaware River, Pa. and N. J., Philadelphia to the sea_.._ I, 411; 11, 2303 Estimate of appropriations for- __-----__ I, 97 Hudson River, N. Y ------------------------------- I, 343; 11, 2265 Key West Harbor, Fla ------------------- I, 803; n, 2541 Milwaukee Harbor, Wis 1509; I, 3201 ,-------------------------- Mississippi River flood control _________-----------,1969;, ini, 3525 Sacramento River,. flood controlI--------------------, 1963; nii, 3513 South Haven Harbor, Mich --------------- I, 1530; I, 3214 Cooper River (Creek), N. J., improvement------------------, 430; Cooper River, S. C., examination and survey_______________ ___ 2323 , 722 I, Coosa River, Ga. and Ala.: Examination and survey_--------------------------- - I, 911 Improvement ---------. , 902; II, 2605 Operating and care of locks and dams.- I, 909; ii, 2608 Reexamination -----------------. ----------- , 911 Coos Bay, Harbor, and River, Oreg.: Examinations and surveys_ --------------------------- I, 1856 Improvement of entrance to bay and harbor_-_________ I, 1813; ITI, 3412 Improvement of river --------------------------- I, 1818; Ii, 3416 Coquille River, Oreg.: Examination and survey--------__ -_______ I, 1857 Improvement - -- I, 1809; II, 3409 Core Creek. N. C., improvement of waterway via------------ I, 654; i, 2456 (Core Sound, N. C.: Examination and survey _--------- I, 689 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort Harbor__:---------- I, 659; II, 2461 Corney Bayou, La., improvement____________________________ , 1171; II, 2769 Corozal, Canal Zone, engineer depot--.... __--------- I, 60 Corps of Engineers: Duties_ 4 I-------------------- Increase in, provided by act of June 3, 1916 7 I-------------, Laws of the 65th Congress, 2d and 3d sessions__________-_____ , 3889 Officers on duty in Office of the Chief of Engineers______________ I, 2107 Personnel-, Commissioned, number, distribution, and changes during the year ----------------------------------------------- ,4 Engineer Enlisted Reserve Corps_____________________------I, 11 Engineer officers, National Army__________________________--I, 12 Engineer officers, National Guard -------------------------- ,9 Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps--------------------------- I, 9 Engineer officers' training camps --------------------- I, 50 Engineer troops --- ,6 I-------------------- Mobilization camps 20 I--------------------- National Army Engineer troops --- 1, 13 New organizations, United States Army--------------------1,20 Recruiting of Engineer enlisted_ -- ________ __ --_ I---532 r, Retired officers on active duty ----------------------------- ,6 Special enlisted Reserve Corps ---------------------------- , 11 Summary of personnel___----------- ---------------------- ,18 Temporary officers __ -------------------------------------- ,6 Corpus Christi to Galveston, Tex., waterway: Aransas Pass--Corpus Christi Channel---------------- I, 1103; In, 2729 Brazos River--Matagorda Bay Channel__________---- I, 1094; I, 2725 Examinations and surveys___ 1123 I-------, Guadalupe River to Victoria, Tex__________________ I, 1097; 11, 2726 Pass Cavallo-Aransas Pass Channel____------ __ I, 1100; II, 2728 West Galveston Bay--Brazos River Canal-------------- I, 1091; nI, 2723 Corsica River, Md., improvement_,------------------------ 510; IT, 2365 Cote Blanche Bay, La., improvement of waterway via --------. , 1013; iI, 2684 Cowhead River, Ga., improvement_---- ------ I, 742; i, 2511 Cowlitz River, Wash.: Examinations and surveys ----- 1890 I------------------ I, Improvement_____ I, 1881; Il, 3452 Crater Lake National Park, Oreg., improvement r, 2091; II, 3869 .XII INDEX. Page. Craven Shoal, New York Harbor, improvement ____- I, 294; ii, 2225 Crescent City Harbor, Calif., improvement____-------------- I, 1786; iii, 3396 Crescent Lake and Dunns Creek, Fla., improvementi---------, 786; ii, 2533 Crisfield Harbor, Md.: Examination and survey _----__ --------- ------------------- 547 Improvement----------------------------------- I, 539; ir, 2382 Croatan :ind, N. C., improvement of waterway via- -____-__ r, 828; ii, 2425 Crystal Rier, Fla., improvement_______________-____ I, 828; iI, 2555 Cuba, def -lies of Guantanamo Bay__________---------________- I, 80 Cumberlai~ River, Ky. and Tenn.: Above ashville, improvement________---_______-__ I, 1319; Ei, 2924 Below ashville, improvement______-______-________ I, 1313 ; iI, 2915 Operatiig and care of locks and dams--------------------- , 1326; II, 2927 Cumberland: Sound, Ga. and Fla.: Improvement ------------------------------------- , 769; II, 2520 Improvement of waterway between Savannah and Fernandina____ I, 738; 1, 2510 Improvement of waterways to St. Johns River, Fla ------- i, 738; iI, 2510 Current River, Ark. and Mo., improvement_______________- , 1210; II, 2795 Curtis Bay, Baltimore, Md., improvement of channel to ________ , 498; Ii, 2355 Cutler Bayou, La., improvement--------------_ i, 985; II, 2668 Cuy.ahoga River, Cleveland, Ohio: Examination and survey ---------------------------------- I, 1690 Improvement- --------.------ _--- - I, 1672; II, 3332 Cypress Bayou, Tex. and La.: Construction of dam at foot of Caddo Lake 1148; Ii, 2755 ,,__________ Improvement of, including connecting lakes between Shreveport, La., and Jefferson, Tex__ ______----------------- - - , 1,1148; ii, 2755 Cypress Top Outlet, Choctawhatchee River, Fla., improvement _ i, 883; it, 2590 D. Dallas, Tex., engineering district_-,------------------- 1123; Ii, 2737 Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg. and Wash.: Improvement---------,---------------------- 1843; III, 3424 Operating aDd care__-------- _----__ , 1855; III, 3430 Dams, permits for erection of____I____________---------------------------------, 1.986 D'Arbonne Bayou, La., improvement_------------------ I, 1171; iI, 2769 Darby River, Pa., examination and survey________ -___-- Darien Harbor, Ga., improvement_----------------------- ______-_ I, 498 I, 746; if, 2512 Dauphin Island Bay, Ala., examination and survey-----------------____ i, 958 Days Creek and Sulphur River, Tex. and Ark., examination and- survey_ i, 1151 Deal Island, Md., improvement of lower thoroughfare at Wenona_ I, 538; II, 2381 Debris, mine in California____-_--_____________ i, 1955; III, 3509 Deep Bay, N. C., improvement of waterway to Swan Quarter Bay _ I, 629; II, 2439 Deep Creek Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement of waterway via ------ --------------------------- -------- , 606; II, 2425 Defense, seacoast ------------------------------------- _------, 67 Delaware and Chesapeake Canal, Del. and Md., improvement , 470; IT,2342 I,__ Delaware Bay and River, Pa., N. J., and Del.: Breakwater and harbor of refuge in bay, improvement- -. _ 1, 428; ii, 2321 Defenses 67 I------------------------------ Examination and survey of river----- ------------------------ , 429 Examination and suprvey of waterway to Chincoteague Bay-__-- I, 498 Improvement of river at Trenton -------- i, 406; iI, 2301 Improvement of river, Philadelphia to the sea 411; Ii, 2303 i______---, Improvement of river, Philadelphia to Trenton----------1, 409; II, 2302 Lewes, Del., iron pier near, improvement_______-- __ - I, 426; Ii, 2320 Marcus Hook, Pa., improvement of ice harbor------- I, 425; ii, 2320 Philadelphia and Camden Harbors, improvement- i, 409,419; Ii, 2302, 2317 Waterway to Chesapeake Bay, improvement 470; 1i, 2342 i,i__________ Waterway to Chincoteague Bay, improvement-----__---- I, 493; ii, 2352 Waterway to Rehoboth Bay, improvement,-------------- 491; I , 2351 Departments, executive, Washington, D. C., telegraph line -- I, 2054; III, 3817 Depere, Wis., improvement of Green Bay Harbor___________ , 1478; Ii, 3183 Depots, engineer--I---------, 55, 58 INDEX. XIII Derelicts. Sec Wrecks. Des Cannes Bayou, La.: Page. Examination and survey-- ----- -------- I, 1044 Improvement ------------------------------------ Des Moines Rapids Canal and Dry Dock, Mississippi River, operatifi , 1030 2692 4, and care ----------------------------------------- I,124 2851 Detroit, Mich., engineering district________________________ 1,1606; .x, 3269 Detroit River, Mich.: Improvement---------- ------------- I, 1621; ii, 3276 Improvement of channels in waters connecting Great Lakes I, 1606; ii, 3269 De Valls Bluff, Ark., improvement of White River ati---------, 1205; ii, 2792 Dickinson Bayou, Tex., improvement_I,--------------------- 1082:; II, 2721 Director General of Military Railways--------- -------- i-----------, 55 Dismal Swamp Canal, Va. and N. C., improvement of waterway via-... I, 606; ii, 2425 District of Columbia: Anacostia River, reclamation of flats _______________ I,2007; III, 3797 Aqueduct Bridge across Potomac River, repair---------------- i, 2012 Aqueduct, filtration plant ----- ----------- I, 2018; iII, 3801 Aqueduct, maintenance and repair--------------- I,2018; Iii, 3801 Armory, commission of----------------------------I, 2057; III, 3817 Engineer depots ---------------- , 59 i-- Engineer post and school, buildings for--------- - --- I,64 Executive Mansion and Office_ __-_____ 2034; III, i, ,______- 3817 Highway Bridge, 'Potomac River ___________-________ , 2033; III, 3817 Improvement of Anacostia River I, 552; II, 2390 Improvement of Potomac River_______________________ , 548; ii, 2387 Key Bridge, Potomac RiverI--------------------------------, 2015 Public buildings and grounds, and Washington Monument_ I,2033; III, 3817 Telegraph line, connecting executive departments -------- .I, 2054; IIi, 3817 Water supply, increase in___ , 2022; III, 3801 I________________-___ Doboy Bar, Ga., improvement---------------------------- I,746; II, 2512 Dock lines, establishment ------- I-----, 1988 Dog Island Harbor, St. George Sound, Fla., improvement----- I,857; II, 2571 Dog River, Miss., improvement 933; ii, 2629 I,1____________________--_- Dolphins, permits for erection of _______,_--_ I,1986 Dorchester Bay, Mass., improvement___ ________________- I,154; Ii, 2150 Double Bayou, Tex., improvement_______------- I,1069; II, 2715 Drawbridges : See also Bridges. Rules for opening 1981 I-------------------------- Drawings. See Maps and Charts. Drift, removal from New York Harbor_______________________ I, 329; ii, 2257 Duck Creek (Smyrna River), Del., improvement____________ I,475; 1I,2344 Duck Island Harbor, Conn., construction of harbor of refuge___- I, 218; ii, 2187 Duluth, Minn.: Engineering district________________---- __-- __-- I,1434; 11, 3159 Improvement of Duluth-Superior Harbor-_____--_____- I,1439; II, 3162 Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y., improvement_______________________ I,1695; ii, 3344 Dunns Creek and, Crescent Lake, Fla., improvement----------- I,786; II,2533 Dupont Bayou, La., improvement_----------------- I,985; II, 2668 Duwamish River, Wash.: Improvement of east and west waterways, Seattle Harbor_ I, 1912; in,3474 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries_________ I,1902; III, 3464 E. East Bay Bayou, Tex., improvement------------------------ I, 1068; iI,2714 East Bay, Fla., improvement of waterways via-------------- I,875; iI,2585 East (Ambrose) Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement- I, 294; xI, 2225 East Chester Creek, N. Y., improvement----------------------- , 262; II,2210 Eastern Bay, Claiborne Harbor, Md., improvement---------- I,514; 11, 2367 Eastern Branch (Anacostia River), D. C., improvement-.----- I,552; Eastern Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement---------- 11, 2390 , 576; ii, 2407 Eastern entrance to Long Island Sound, defenses___-.- -----.------ I,67 East Norwalk Harbor, Conn., improvement ..------------------ , 241; ii, 2498 East Pass, Carrabelle Harbor, Fla., improvement .....-.--- I,857; II, 2571 XIV INDEX. Page. East Pearl River, Miss., improvement____________________ I, 953; n1, 2637 East River, Brunswick Harbor,. Ga., improvementI------------ , 766; 11, 2519 East River, N. Y., improvement, including Coenties Reef------- I, 306; n, 2230 Echo Bay Harbor, New Rochelle, N. Y., improvement_---------_ , 259; ii, 2209 Echo Bay, N. Y., examination and surveyi--------------------------, 363 Electrical power: Mississippi River between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn_ I, 1250; in, 2861 Niagara River, N. Y., control and regulation__ ______I-_ , 2083; In, 3865 Tennessee River, Elk River Shoals to Florence, Ala-....__ i, 1363; n, 2955 Elizabeth River, N. J., improvement__---- ----- -I_____-_ , 379; ii, 2287 Elizabeth River Va.: Improvement of Norfolk Harbor, including Eastern, Southern, and Western Branches ------------------------------- , 576; i, 2407 Improvement of waterway to sounds of North Carolina via Pasquo- tank River ------------------------------ , 606; 11, 2425 ElI; River, Md.: Examination and survey_- -- ____ -________-- ______ _ I, 547 Improvement----- -------------------------------- , 505; ii, 2362 Elk River Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care------------ , 1363; n, 2955 Elliot Bay, Wash., improvement of Duwamish River and east and west waterways ------------------------------------- , 1912; , 3474 Embankments and sea walls __________1______________________ 1, 74 Emplacements, modernizing__ 69 I______-________ Employees, civilian assistants to Engineer officers -- I__, 93 Employees, civilian, office of the Chief of Engineers ......- i1,93 Entield Rapids, Connecticut River, Conn., improvement --.-- - i, 212; 11, 2185 Engineer Department, Philippine Islands, contingencies ___ i, 93 Engineer depots________________ 55, 58 I--------------------------- Engineer Enlisted Reserve Corps _______________________________, 11 Engineer forces, United States Army____________ 1____________ ,3 Engineer officers, civilian assistants to----------------------------i, 93 Engineer officers, National Army , 12 I---------------------- Engineer officers, National Guard---------------------------------1,9 Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps ____________-_________________-1,9 Engineer officers' training camps________________ ____________ I, 50 Engineer operations in the American Expeditionary Forces__________ I, 18 Engineer'operations in the field ___ ______-_162 I, Engineer personnel summary, United States Army ------------------- , 18 Engineer post and school, Washington, D. C., buildings i____----, 64 Engineer school, Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va--- _______------- -I1, 65 Engineer school, Washington Barracks, D. C-----------------------1,63 Engineers, Chemical Warfare Service___ - -____--- __- ____------- 1i,14 Engineers, National Army -------------------------------------- 1,12 Engineers, Office of the Chief of, officers on duty-- I, 2107 Engineers, the Board of_ _ 1----------------- , 67 Engineers, Transportation Corps, United States Army__----------------- , 15 Engineers, United States Army_ Engineer troops: 11,16------------------- Distribution and commissioned strength_ ,6 1---------------- Enlisted Reserve Corps------------------------------------- I, 11 Equipment- -- ------------------------------------ , 58, 61 Increase of companies to maximum strength--------------------- I, 7 Mobilization camps--------------- ------------------------- , 20 National Army,------------------------------------------- , 13 National Guard organizations --------- 1,8------- , New engineer organizations, United States Army _____ __-- ---- I, 20 Recruiting -------------------------------------------------- I, 52 Reorganization of regiments and battalions------------------ I, 6 Replacement of casualties __-____ _ --------------------- , 54 Special, ------------------------------------------------- , 13 Training ------------------------------------------------ I, 58 United States Army--------------------------------------- I, 16 Engineer units United States Army------------------------------- I, 20 English Kills, Newtown Creek, N. Y., improvement -----------.. I, 316; i1, 2242 Enlisted Reserve Corps-------------- -------------------------- I, 11 Equipment, engineer, of troops_- __---------- __--------- _ 1,61 INDEX. XV Page. Erie and Miami Canal, Ohio, examination and survey______________ I, 1412 Erie Erie Basin, N. Y., improvement of channel in Lake Erie- Harbor, Pa., improvement ------------------------- -I, 1704; II, 3350 , 1691; II, 3341 Erie Lake : Black Rock Harbor improvement of entrance to---------- I,1704; 11n, 3350 Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement__ I,1606; n, 3269 Examination and survey- of Miami and Erie Canal, and routes be- tween Ohio River and---- ---- ------------------------ i, 1412 Examination and survey of ship channel to Lake Ontario --------- I,1738 Surveys, charts, etc., of northern and northwestern lakes__ I, 2069; III, 3855 Water levels -- ----- 2069 ; III,3855 I------, Waterway to Lake Ontario, examination---------------------- I, 1738 Escambia River, Fla., improvement _-, --------------- __- 892; II, 2597 Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, S. C., improvement_______ __ I,701; II, 2492 Estimates of appropriations required: Civilian assistants to Engineer officers ---------- , 93 I------------ Contingencies, Engineer Department, Philippine Islands --------- ,93 Engineer depots_ ____- _____-_____________------ 1,55, 58 Engineer equipment of troops----.. ------ ------------- ,61 Engineer operations in the field_-.------. I,62 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies-,__---------------- I 1979 Fortifications in insular possessions -------------------------- 86 Fortifications in the United States_________---- ----------------- ,80 Maps, War Department _____________------------------------------------ 192 I, Military surveys and nlMps--------------------------------- 1,89 Miscellaneous civil works____---- -------------------------- I,1993- Panama Canal---------- -- ----------------------------- Rivers and harbors, etc ______________I__---i, 1,88 , 96 Roads in insular possessions _____________________-- -- I, 86 Eureka, Calif., improvement of channel in front of--------, 1782; III, 3395 Everett Harbor, Wash.: Examination and survey, ---------------------------------- I,1938 Improvement ----------- , 1919; III, 3480 i--------- Examination of rivers and harbors, estimate of appropriation for_ __ I, 1979 Executive departments, Washington, D. C., telegraph line_. i, 2054; in, 3817 Executive Mansion and Office, Washington,- D. C., maintenance and repair of_ _------ ---------- i, 2034; III, 381.7 Expenditures: Fortifications -------------------------------------------- I, 69 Rivers and harbors_----------------- I,94 Experimental towboats, board on_ -- -i, 1977; hi, 3523 F. Fairhaven Harbor, Mass., improvement--------- 1,174; II, 2162 Fairport Harbor, Ohio, improvenient______--- ------- , 1678; Ii, 3334 I-- Falia, Bogue, La., improvement-.________-- ________- I,974; II, 2662 Fall River Harbor, Mass., improvement___ Falls of Ohio River, Louisville, Ky., improvement_ _________________ , 176; I, 2164 , 1366; n11,3007 Fancy Bluff Creek, Ga., improvement__ 748; II, 2513 I_____, Feather River, Calif.: Improvement -------------------------------- I, 1805; III, 3407 Work of California Debris Commission--------------, 1963; IIn, 3509 Fernandina Harbor, Fla.: Improvement I, 769; Ii, 2520 Improvement of waterway to Savannah, Ga-- _______-I, 738; II,2510 Fighting Island Channel, Detroit River, Mich., improvement--. i, 1621; II, 3276 Filtration plant, Washington Aqueduct, D. C------------- I,2018; III, 3801 Fine Arts Commission___________--___---- - I, 2057; 11, 3817 Fire conitrol at fortifications __-________________ , 70 i__ Fishing Creek, N. C., improvement_____________________-- I,634; i,2443 Fish traps, or weirs, permits for construction--------------------- I,1986 Fivemile River Harbor, Conn., improvement---- I,244; it, 2200 Flint. River, Ga.: Examination and survey__-------- -------------- - i,.772 Improvement -------------------- I, 88 ; nII,2579 I-------- XVI INDEX, Page. Floating plant, statement of___------------ __ ___ -__ 1,1979; III, 4003 Flood control: Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, examination and survey of boundary waters ------------------------------ , 1281 i--- On the Mississippi River---- --------------------- i, 1969; ii, 3525 On the Rio Grande at Brownsville, Tex-------------- I,1120; II, 2736 On the Sacramento River, Calif - _____- -- -___-- I,1963; III, 3513 Florence, Ala., engineering district -i_______________----i, 1359; II, 2953 Florida, removal of water hyacinths from waters of State-------, 853, 1042; 11, 2568, 2699 Flushing Bay and Creek, N. Y.: Examination and survey---------------- ------------------- , 363 Improyement ------------------------------------- _, 273; ii, 2215 Fore (Weymouth) River, Mass., improvement_____________ I,157; II, 2152 Fore River, Portland, Me., infprovement________________ i,114; Ii, 2122 Fort Douglas, Utah, engineer depot,------- ----------------------- 60 Fort George River, Fla., improvement of waterway via ------- , 738; Ii, 2510 Fortifications: Appropriations -- ------------------------------------------ I,69 Batteries-------------------------- Batteries ... --------------------- -x,69 I,69 Batteries in insular possessions ______________ 80 II,_________- Board of Engineers, The___ I,67 Electrical and other supplies, insular possessions --------------- ,83 Electrical installations---_ _ -_----__ - -- -- 71 ,----------- Electrical installations, insular possessions- ------- ,81 Estimates of appropriations required______________________ I,80 Estimates of appropriations required, insular possessions ---------- I, 86 Fire control------- ---------------------------------- , 70 Fire control, insular possessions___________________________ I, 84 General statement and progress of work_________---__ I,67 Insular possessions_---- ------------------------------------ , 80 Isthmian Canal ------------------------------------------- I,86 Land defense 76 I----------------------- Land defenses, insular possessions,----------------------------, 82 Mine-defense structures, insular possessions_____________-___-- I, 83 Modernizing older emplacements________________________ I,69 Panama Canal----------------_---, -------------------- 86 Plans _ ------------------------------- I, 73 Preservation and repair---------------------- ------------ 1, 72 Preservation and repair, insular possessions.. ..-------------------- I,82 Preservation and repair of torpedo structures -- ---------- , 72 i---- Reserve equipment, insular possessions -- ___-- ___--__-_____-- I, 83 Roads, trails, ete----------------------------------------- 77 Sandy Hook Reservation, N. J., protection of_____________________ , 74 Seacoast, contingent expenses -------------------------------- ,77 Searchlights -- ---------------------------------------- I,71 Searchlights, insular possessions------------ ----------------- , 81 Sea walls- Defenses of Galveston, Tex_-- T-------- , 75 i------------ Embankments and------------------------------------- I,74 In Hawaiian Islands----------------------------,------ 83 Sites --------- --------------------------------- I, 72 Sites, insular possessions - - ,,__---------- 82 Submarine mines--------------- ------------------------- I,76 Supplies for seacoast defenses - i, 73 I---------------------- I,67 United States-------------------------------------------- Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: Army service schools, lithographic press----------------------- I,92 Engineer depot----------------------------- -------------------- ,60 Fort Pierre, S. Dak., improvement of Missouri River at------- I, 1296; Ii, 2902 Fort Point Channel, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement-----. I,129; 11, 2132 Fort Riley Military Reservation, Kans., protection of bank line of Repub- lican River in front of- __.--- -- __ _----------------___ , 1312; 11, 2914 Fort Sam Houston, Tex., engineer depot ----- ___------------------ I,60 Fox River, Wis.: Improvement --- --------------------------------- I,1482; II, 3185 Improvement of Green Bay Harbor------- __----------- 3183 , 1478; x, INiDEX. XVII Fox River, Wis.-Continued. Page. Operating and care of locks and dams---___------ I,1525; IT,3209 Reexamination ---- -------------------------------------- , 1572 Foys Flats, N. C., examination of Trent River at-----------____ I, 649 Frankford Harbor, Mich., improvement----------------- I,1561; iI, 3238 Franklin, La. : Improvement of waterway to Mermentau , 1013; ii,2684 i------------- Operating and care of Schooner Bayou Lock ___________i, 1026; n, 2688 Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou, La., improvement .__ I, 1017;it, 2686 Freeport Harbor, Tex., improvement_- __-i, 1106; ii, 2730 I_______ French Broad River, Tenn., improvement------------------, 1350; it, 2950 Front River, Ga., improvement of Sapelo Harbor __i, ____ 744; 11, 2512 G. Gaging : Mississippi River and principal tributaries ____________ , 1264; in, 2866 Northern and northwestern lakes, level , 2069; Ii,3855 i____________-- Galena River, Ill. : Operating and care of lock and dam------__- -___... I,1244; ii, 2856 Operating snag and dredge boats- -i-___-- --- --- , 1243; ii, 2854 Galveston and Sabine section of Inland Waterway, Tex., examination and survey-------------------------I----------------------- , 1122 Galveston Bay and Harbor, Tex.: Examinations and surveys_.... ___- ______----- --- I,1123 Improvement of channel across Hanna Reef, Ladies Pass I, 1068; ii,2714 Improvement of Galveston Channel I__________ __ t, 1049; iI, 2702 Improvement of Galveston-Texas City Channel-------- I,1055; it, 2708 Improvement of harbor entrance __________________ , 1046; i, 2701 Improvement of Port Bolivar Channel___ ____ ___ I, 1058; ii, 2710 Improvement of waterway to Houston-------------- I,1060; ii,2712 Improvement of West Bay- - - - - - -- I, 1091; ii,2723 Galveston Island and Galveston Channel, Tex., survey--------------i, 1123 Galveston, Tex.: Defenses ------------------------------------------- 67 Engineering district_-........ ------------ Sea walls, defenses of-------------------------------- I, 1045; it,2701 I,75 Galveston to Corpus Christi, Tex., waterway: Aransas Pass-Corpus Christi Channel------------ I,1103; it, 2729 Brazos River-Matagorda Bay Channel___------- I,1094; in,2725 Guadalupe River to Victoria, Tex._------------------, 1097; it, 2726 Pass Cavallo-Aransas Pass Channel---------------- I,1100; ii, 2728 West Galveston Bay-Brazos River Canal _____----___ I, 1091; vi, 2723 Gasconade River, Mo., improvement------------------ I,1307; Ii.2910 Gedney Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement---- I, 294; i, 2225 Genesee River, Charlotte Harbor, N. Y., improvement---- I, 1717; i, 3360 George, Lake, channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, im- provement------------------- --- I, 1606; i, 3269 George, Lake, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement-____ - I, 783; I, 2531 Georges River, Me., improvement 110; ii, 2120 I------------------------, Georgetown Harbor, D. C.: Improvement of Potomac River at___--- , 548; ii,2387 i______----- Key Bridge across Potomac River at 2015 i--------------i, Georgetown Harbor, S. C., improvement I,690; i, 2485 Germantown, Pa., memorial monument_-------------------- I, 2104 Gloucester Harbor, Mass., improvement______----- I, 138; i, 2141 Government telegraph line, Washington, D. C.--------- I, 2054; ni, 3811 Gowanus Creek Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., im- provement ------------- -------------------------- I, 304; i, 2230 Grand Calumet River, Ill. and Ind., improvement------_ I,1584; i, 3253 Grand Haven Harbor, Mich., improvement-------- I,1539; II,3220 Grand Lake, Mermentau River, La., improvementi----------, 1030; it, 2692 Grand Marais, Mich., improvement of harbor of refuge------ I,1465; i, 3175 Grand Marais, Minn., improvement of harbor-------- Grand Rapids, Mich., engineering district. See Milwaukee, _ I,1434; i, .159 Wis., engineering district. 125851---ENG 1919--- XVIII INDEX. Grand Rapids, Wabash River, lock and dam, operating and Pa8 care - --------------------- -------- I, 1425; I, 3141 Grand River, Fairport Harbor, Ohio, improvement ----- I, 1678; i, 3334 Grand River, La., improvement-------__-------------- i, 994; IT, 2072 Grand River, Mich.: Improvement ---- -------------------------------- I, 1542; II, 8224 Improvement of Grand Haven Harbor--------------- , 1539; i, 3220 Grants Pass., Ala., improvement of waterway via- ---- _,_ i, 916; It, 2614 Gravesend Bay to Jamaica Bay, N. Y., examination and survey of waterway fromI,----------------------------- 363 Grays Harbor, Wash.: Examination and survey of waterway to Puget Sound_---------- , 1938 Improvement between Aberdeen and the entrance---- I, 1897; III, 3462 Improvement of entrance--- -------------------- I, 1894; iii, 3461 Grays River, Wash., improvement __ - -_______----___I, 1885; lit, 8454 Great Lakes: Channels in waters connecting, improvement --------- , 1606; it, 3269 Commercial statistics, Sault Ste. Marie Canals, Mich. _ I, 1628; 11, 3286 Control and regulation of waters of Niagara River and preservation of Niagara Falls..,---------- i, 2080; iii, 3865 Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, branch canal to Lake Michigan, and other routes between Lake Erie and Ohio River_------__.--____------- I, 1412 Examination and survey of waterway to Hudson River--I-------, 1738 Surveys, charts, etc., of northern and northwestern lakes r, 2069; In, 3855 Water levels .........----------------------------------- i, 2069; iII, 3855 Great Lakes, Ill., examination and survey of bar in Lake Michigan:at__ I, 1605 Great Peedee River, S. C., improvementi___________________ , 698; Ii, 2491 Great Salt Pond, Block Island, R. I., improvement-----------i, 195; ii, 2176 Great Sodus Bay, N. Y., improvement of harbor 1721; iI, 3362 ,------------- Great South Bay, N. Y.: Examination and survey of channel to Peconic Bay_ i, 363 Improvement _________-___--___-----_______-- I, 284; II, 2220 Green Bay Harbor, Wis., improvement ______________-____ , 1478; 11, 3183 Green Jacket Shoal, Providence River, R. I., removali---------, 184; II, 2169 Green River, Ky., operating and care of locks and dams---.. I, 1428; ii, 3143 Greenwich Harbor, Conn., improvement__-___---..----------- , 249; ii, 2202 Grosse Pointe Channel, Lake St. Clair, Mich., improvement___ i, 1617; i, 3276 Grossetete Bayou, La., improvement-------------_ I, 998; II, 2675 Grounds, public, District of Columbia----- __- , 2033; In, 3817 I--------- Guadalupe River, Tex., improvement from Victoria to Aransas Pass- Pass Cavallo Channel 1097; I, 2726 I--------------------------- I, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, defenses of,------------------------------ 80 Gulfport Harbor, Miss., improvement of channel to Ship Island Har- bor--- --------------------------------------- I, 938; ii, 2631 Gull Lake, Minn., reservoir dam: Construction---- ------------------------------ I, 1259 ; II, 2865 Operating and care___---- __----------------------- I, 1264; if, 2867 Gun batteries------------__------------------------------------ 1,69 Gunnisons Cut, improvement of waterway via ________i i,____ 738; ii, 2510 H, Hackensack, River, N. J., improvement___---------------- I, 371; ii, 2281 Hales Bar lock and dam, Tennessee River, operating and care- I, 1347; ii, 2947 Halifax River, Fla., examination and survey________________ i, 855 Hampton Roads, Va.: Defenses ------------------------------------------------ , 67 Improvement of approaches to Norfolk Harbor,----------i 576; II, 2407 Hanna Reef, Ladies Pass, Tex., improvement of channel---- i, 1068; II, 2714 Hanson Canal, improvement of waterway via_--------------, 1013; iI, 2684 Harbor Beach, Mich., harbor of refuge, improvement-------- I, 1639; II, 3314 Harbor Cove, Gloucester, Mars., improvement_____-------i, 138; 11, 2141 Harbor Island and Port Aransas, Tex., to Rockport, examination and survey of channel--- ---------------------------------- I,1122 Harbor Island Harbor, Tex., improvement__-__--_------___-- I, 1113; ii, 2733 INDEX. xIIX Harbor lines, establishment _ _-- ---------------------- , 198& Harbors and rivers. See. Rivers and harbors. Harlem (Bronx) Kills, N. Y., improvement--___-_ x_, 320; 11,2244. Harlem River, N. Y.: Examination and survey ----------------------- 1, 363 Improvement -------------------------------- I, 320; 11, 2244 Harris County, Houston Ship Channel Navigation District, contribution of funds for Galveston-Houston Channel, Tex------------ , 1063; iI, 2712 Hat Slough, Puget Sound, Wash., construction of dike at , 1902; inI, 3464 I___ Havre de Grace, Md., improvement of Susquehanna River at . , 504; it, 2360 I.. Hawaiian Islands: Construction of Engineer wharf at Honolulu_____________________ , 84 Defenses ------ ------------ ------------ , 80-- Hilo Harbor, improvement ______________________-i, 1944; in, 3500 Honolulu Harbor, improvement ,-------------------- 1938; iI, 3493 Kahului Harbor, improvement________________________ , 1941; iii, 3497 Nawiliwili Harbor, improvement____-- , 1947; III, i________ 3503 Sea walls_ --- --------- ------------------------------- , ,.83 Hawaii engineering district-.-------..----- .I1,1938; IIi, 3493 Hay Lake Channel, St. Marys River, Mich: Improvement--------------- --------------------- i, 1606; II, 3276 Improvement of channels in waters connecting Great Lakes_ I, 1606; ii, 3269 Hell Gate, East River, N. Y., improvement_--------------- , 306; ii,2230 Hempstead Harbor -(north shore of Long Island), N. Y., improve- ment------------------------------------------ , 275; 11,221 Hennepin Canal (Illinois and Mississippi Canal), Ill., operating and care __------_--- --------------------------- 1246 ; II, 2857 Highway bridges, Potomac River, Washington, D. C.: Aqueduct Bridge, repairs --------------------------------- I, 2012 Highway Bridge, repairs_________________------__ , 2033; III, 3817 Key Bridge, construction-_ -1,2015 Highways. See Roads. Hillsboro Bay and River, Fla. : Examination and survey of river 856 I------------------------ Improvement of bay-_ _______ ------ I, 839; II,2561 Improvement of river_--- _________-------------- I,844; II, 2564 Hilo Harbor, Hawaii, improvement ---------------------- , 1944; III, 3500 Hiwassee River, Tenn., improvement I, 1356; 11, 2952 Holland Harbor, Mich., improvement--_____-------------- I, 1536; II, 3218 Holmes River, Fla., improvement------------------------ , 886; II, 2592 Honolulu, Hawaii : Construction of Engineer wharf_ 1,84 Defenses ----------- ------------------ I, 80 Engineer depot_,------------------------ I,60 Engineering district_____---- 1938; iii, 3493 i,i______________ Examination and survey of harbor______________________________ 1, 1949 Improvement of harbor 1---1938; III, i, 3493 Hoquarten Slough, Tillamook Bay, Oreg.: Examinations and surveys -------------------------------- , 1856 Improvement _______----------------------- I, 1831; III, 3420 Hoquiam River, Wash., improvement______________________ , 1899; III, 3463 Horn Island Harbor and Pass, Miss., improvement__ , 933; 11, 2629 Horseshoe battle ground, Ala., monument at__________________________ I,2105 Hospital Point, Norfolk Harbor, Va., removal__________________ , 576; II, 2407 Housatonic River, Conn., improvement_--- i, 230; Ii, 21.93 Houston to Galveston ship channel, Tex. : Examination and survey---------------, ------------------- 1122 Examination and survey of channel to Goose Creek oil field ....... i,1123 Improvement --- - ---------- I,1060; II,2712 Hudson River, N. Y.: Examination and survey of waterway connecting Great Lakes with_ i, 1738 Examinations and surveys---------------------------------- , 363 Improvement above New York------ ------------------ I,343 ; II, 2265 Improvement at New York ________- ______ i,i_____- 324; 11, 2248 Peekskill Harbor, improvement__---- ---------- I,333 ; II, 2259 xx INDEX. Hudson River, N. Y.-Continued. Page. Rondout Harbor, improvement 340; i, 2264 I-----------------------, Saugerties Harbor, improvement_ --- ________------- I,337; II, 2263 Tarrytown Harbor, improvement---------------------- I,330; II, 2258 Troy lock and dam, operating and care_----------------- I,350; ii, 2269 Humboldt Bay and Harbor, Calif., improvement___-_.__, .. I,1782; in, 3395 Humphreys, Camp A. A., Va., Engineer School_- -_______----___ I,65 Huntington Harbor, N. Y., improvement ------------------- , 277; n, 2217 Huron Harbor, Ohio, improvement ___----__-___ --------- I,1663; ii, 3328 Huron Lake: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement__ I, 1606; ii, 3269 Surveys, charts, etc------ ------------------------ , 2069; III, 3855 Water levels-- . ---------------------------------- , 2069; II, 3855 Hutchinson River (East Chester Creek), N. Y., improvement-- 1, 262; nI, 2210 Hyacinths, water, removal: From Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas waters__ , 1042; in,2699 From Florida waters---- -------------------------- , 853 ; i, 2568 Hydraulic mining in California-------- ----------------- I,1956; II,3509 Hydraulics. See Water levels. Hydrology. See Water levels. I. Illinois and Michigan Canal, war emergency work ------ I, 1602; i,3267 Illinois and Mississippi Canal, Ill., operating and care------- I,1246; ii, 2857 Illinois River, Ill.: Examination and survey--- ----------------------------- I, 1606 Improvement ------------------------------------ I, 1594; 11, 3260 Operating and care of locks and dams---- ------------ I,1601; nI,3264 Operating snag boats and dredge boats 1243 ; ii, 2854 i_______-___---i, Indiana Harbor, Ind., improvement - __ 1587; Ii, 3255 i,I________-___ Indian River, Fla.: ------------------- Examinations and surveys__________- I, 855 Improvement 794; 11, 2536, I------------------------------------- Inland waterways. See Canals and Waterways. Inside routes. See Canals and Waterways. Insular possessions: Defenses ------------------------------------------------ I, 80 Honolulu, Hawaii, engineering district I,1938; IIn, 3493 Porto Rico engineering district _._____-------- --------- , 1949; IIIn, 3505 International Association of Congresses of NavigationI___. -__--- _ i, 1976 Intracoastal waterways. See Canals and Waterways. Isthmian Canal, fortification-----l --------------------- I,86 Istokpoga Creek, Fla., improvement of Kissimmee tRiver------- I,808 ; 11, 2544 J. Jackson, Gen. Andrew, monument at Horseshoe battle ground---------i, 2105 Jackson River, Fla., improvement of waterway via___---- I,875; 11, 2585 Jacksonville, Fla.: Engineering district-___________--------------------- 772; ii, 2523 Improvement of St. Johns River opposite_ _--- - I, 778; in, 2528 Jacksonville, N. C., improvement of waterway to Beaufort--- I,661; iI, 2463 Jamaica Bay, N. Y.: Examinations and surveys , 363 I------------------------ Improvement ------------------------------------ 1, 288; , 2223 James River, Va., improvement ----- , 588; II, 2418 I-------------------- Jefferson-Shreveport Waterway, La. and Tex., improvement___ I,1148; n, 2755 Jekyl Creek, Ga., improvement of waterway via--------______ , 738; 11,2510 Johnsons Bayou, La., improvement----------------------- I,1133; i, 2748 Johnsons Creek, or River, Conn., improvement , 233; iI, I----------- 2194 Jordan River, Miss., improvement_----- ----------------- 1,950; 11,2636 Judith Point, R. I., construction of harbor of refuge- , 190; 11, 2174 I------ K. Kahului Harbor, Hawaii, improvement- ------------------ 3497 , 1941; iii, Kalamazoo River, Mich., improvement- ---.------ 3216 I,1533; nI, DEX. :XXI Page. Kampsville Lock and Dam, Illinois River, Ill., operating and care--___..... , 1601; I, 3264 Kanawha River, W. Va., operating and care of locks and dams__ I, 1404; n, 3095 Kansas City, Mo., engineering district------- ---------- I, 1281; i, 2875 Kansas River, Kan., improvement----------------- I, 1300; nI, 2905 Kennebec River, Me.: Defenses ------------------------------------------------ , 67 Improvement ------------------------------------ , 112; II, 2121 Kenosha Harbor, Wis.: Examination and survey----------------- --- I, 1571 Improvement --- ---- ---------------------------- 11518; , n, 3206 Kentucky River, Ky.: Improvement ------------- --------------------- I, 1420; II, 3128 Operating and care of locks and dams------ --- I, 1423; ii, 3132 Keokuk (Des Moines Rapids) Canal and Dry Dock, Mississippi River, operating and care---------------------------------- I, 1240; , 2851 Kewaunee Harbor, Wis., improvement--------- --- 1495; in, 3192 I-------i, Keweenaw Canal, across Keweeuaw Point, Mich. (Keweenaw Bay-Lake Superior waterway), improvement_________________ ___ , 1455; Ii, 3170 Key Bridge, Potomac River at Georgetown, D. C., construction-------- I, 2015 Key, Francis Scott, monument------------------------ I, 2058; in, 3817 Keyport Harbor, N. J., improvement-----------, 394; 11,2295 Keystone Lock, Bayou Teche, La., operating and care --------- , 1007; i, 2680 Key West Harbor, Fla.: Defenses ---- -------------------------------------- 1, 67 Improvement --- ----------------------------- I, 803; n, 2541 Kiamichi River, Okla., improvement----,--,-.-- -i, 1143; n,2754 Kill Van Kull, N. Y. and N. J.: Examination and survey----- ------------- 405 I----------------- Improvement of Staten Island-New Jersey Channels I, 374, 377; n, 2283, 2287 King County, Wash., improvement of Lake Washington Canal by -- _-- I, 1914; In, 3479 Kingsley Cut, Fla., improvement of waterway via______________, 738; nI, 2510 Kinnikinnic River, Wis., improvement of Milwaukee Harbor___ I, 1509; n, 3201 Kissimmee River, Fla.: Examination and survey-- _,--------------------------------- 856 Improvement ------------------------ -------- I, 808; i, 2544 L. Lacassine Bayou, La., examination and survey 1045 ,--------------- La Conner, Wash., improvement of Swinomish Slough ------ , 1923; nI, 3482 Lafourche Bayou, La.: Examinations and surveys -------------------------------- , 1045 Improvement _-----------------------------------I, 988; n, 2669 Lagrange Lock and Dam, Illinois River, Ill., operating and care I, 1601; n, 3264 Lake Champlain, improvement of narrows_ I_____________ 351; II, 2270 i, Lake of the Woods, Minn., improvement of Zippel Bay ___ -. I, 1276; n, 2872 Lake Pontchartrain, La., improvementI--------------------, 971; n, 2661 Lakes, Great : Channels in waters connecting, improvement_----------- I, 1606; , 3269 Commercial statistics, Sault Ste. Marie Canals, Mich- .i, 1628; n, 3286 Control and regulation of waters of Niagara River and preservation of Niagara Falls--------------- , I, 2080; in, 3865 'Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canals, branch canal to Lake Michigan, and other routes between Lake Erie and Ohio River _ ------------------------------------------------ , 1412 Surveys, charts, etc__________________ 2069; 1I, 3855 I-----------, :Water levels-- ----------------------------------- , 2069 ; in, 3855 Lake survey------------------------------------------ , 2069; III, 3855 Lake Traverse, Minn. and S. Dak., improvement ___________i, 1269; i, 2870 Lake Washington Canal, Wash.: Improvement of waterway to Puget Sound ------------- , 1914; ,in, 8479 Operating and care of Waterway to Puget Sound_, .... ., 1932; zII,3486 Lake Washington, Miss., improvement-- ....-- I, 1188;n, 2780 Lake Worth Inlet, Fla., examination and survey .. . I, 855 1XXII I DRK. Page. I'A.zguille River, Ark., improvement -, 1213; n, 2796 La Trappe River, Md., improvement------- --------------- 51; , 2360 Lavaca Bay, Tex., improvement of eannel from Pass Cavallo to Port Lava-------- ----------- --------- ---. I-------- 1099; ii, 2727 Laws of 65th Congress, 2d and 3d sessions, affecting the Corps of Engi- neers----- --------------------------------------- -- , 3889 Leaf River, Miss., improvement-------------------------i, 942; n, 2633 Leavenworth, Fort, Kans., engineer depot 60 I---------------------- Leech Lake Reservoir, Minn.: Constructioni I, 1259; 11, 2865 Operating and care --------------- , 1264; , 2867 Leech River, Minn., improvement, including upper Mississippi River__ I, 1256; I, 2864 Lee Slough, Apalachicola River, Fla., improvement , 862; n, 2575 I------- Leipsic River, Del., improvement ---------------------- i-- , 477; ii, 2344 Levels, water. See Water levels. Levisa Fork, Big Sandy River, Ky.: Improvement _------ - ---- i, 1416; n, 3125 Operating and care of locks and danms---------------, 1419; I, 3127 Lewes, Del., pier in Delaware Bay near_ , 426; n, 2320 i----------- 'Lewis River, Wash., improvement---------------------- , 1877; ii, 3450 Lighthouses, establishment of, officers on duty in connection with . 1, 4 Little Annemessex River, *d4., improvement of Crisfield Harbor- , 539; , 2382 Little Caillou Bayou, La., examination and survey-__---- _--- , 1045 Little Calumet River, Ill., and Ind., improvement ---------- , 1584; , 3253 Little Elk River, Md., improvement --- -- - 1, I- 505; n, 2362 Little Kanawha River, W. Va., operating and care of locks and dams__ I, 1401; n, 3089 Little Mud River, Ga., improvement of waterway via --------- , 738; n, 2510 Little Narragansett Bay, R. I. and Conn., improvement --- i_, 199; n, 2179 -Little Peedee River, S. C., improvement- --_ i, 696; i, 2491 Little Pigeon River, Tenn., improvement ------- ---------- 1, 1350; n, 2950 Little River, Del., improvement_ 1, 479; n, 2346 Little Rock, Ark., engineering district I, 1194; n, 2785 Little Sarasota Bay, Fla., improvement____________________ 1,820; , 2550 Little Sodus Baay, N. Y., improvement of harbor______________ , 1724; n, 3364 :Livingstone Channel, Detroit River, Mich., improvement- -.- I, 1621; n, 3276 Log booms, permits for construction - _ ____I------- I, 1986 Long Beach Harbor, Calif.: Examination and survey --------__ --------------- ------- I, 1753 Improvement of channel to Los Angeles Harbor---------I, 1743; II, 3378 Long Island Sound, N. Y. and Conn., defenses of eastern entrance----___ I, 67 Lorin Harbor, Ohio: Examination and survey ------------------------------- , 1690 Improvement.------ --------- ----------------- , 1668; n, 3331 Los Angeles, Calif.: Defenses ------------------- ------- ------------- 67 I,,--- Engineering district ----------------------------- 1, 1738; III, 3375 Examination and survey ---------------------------------- , 1753 Improvement of harbor_ -------------------------- 1743; Ii, 3378 Louisiana, State of, removal of water hyacinths from-------- i, 1042; n, 2699 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky.: Enlargement --------------------------------- ---- , 1366; I, 3007 Operating and care-,-------- --------------------- I, 1380; , 3050 Louisville, Ky., engineering district------1----------------i,424; n, 3141 Lower Cedar Point, Md., improvement of Potomac River at --- I, 557; n, 2393 Lower Chipola River, Fla., improvement--, ----------------- 1,862; , 2575 Lower Thoroughfare, Wenona, Deal Island, Md., improvement-- I, 538; n, 2381 Ludington Harbor, Mich., improvement-------------------i, 1551; ni, 3229 Lynn Harbor, Mass., improvement------------- ----------- , 146; i, 2145 M. MeClellanville, S. C., improvement of waterway to Charleston__ I, 710; n, 2497 Maedonough Memorials, Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt.------------ I,2103 XIII Page. oki .ae arbor, Mich., Improvemeat..-..--- . i---- 1628; n, 3308 I, Macon Bayou, La., improvement-_... ".-, I,1163; ii, 2765 Main ship channel, New York Harber, N. Y., improvement- -.. I,294; 11, 2225 Malden River, Mass., improvement --- .------------------- , 152; I, 2149 Mamaroneck Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey ------------------------------------ I, 363 Improvement,--- ---------------------------------- I,256; ii, 2207 Manatee River, Fla., improvement----- ------------------- , 846; 11, 2565 Manchac Bayou, La., improvement_--- ------------- I, 982; II, 2667 Manchac Pass, La,, improvement------------------------ I,977; Manila, P, I. : 11, 2664 Defenses of bay -------- ----- --------------------------- , 80 Engineer depot ------ ------------------------------------- I,61 Manistee Harbor and River, Mich., improvement--__--- I,1554; i, 3233 Manistique Harbor, Mich., improvement_------------------. I,1470; ii, 3177 Manitowoc Harbor, Wis., improvement_.- -___ ------- I,1501; i, 3196 Manokin River, Md., improvementI__-_____-- ____-_-- --- i, 536; 11, 2380 Manteo Bay, N. C., improvement---------------------- I,627; ii, 2437 Mantua Creek, N. J., improvement 435; xi, 2326 I------------------------ Maps and charts: Military surveys and -------------------------------------- ,89 -Northern and northwestern lakes --------- , 2069; I---------- IiI,3855 War Department maps------------------------------------- I,92 Marcus Hook, Pa., improvement of. ice harbor at--------- ,425; i,2320 Marquette Bay and Harbor, Mich.: Construction of harbor of refuge in bay____________ I,1460; il, 3172 Improvement of harbor__------,---------------------- 1462; 11, 3173 Marshyhope Creek, Md., improvement_______________________ I,528; 11, 2375 Matagorda Bay, Tex.: Improvement of channel from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass_ _ ---- i,1100; Ii,2728 Improvement of channel to Brazos River _ I, 1094; Ii,2725 Matawan Creek, N. J.: Improvement-- -------------------------- Improvement of Keyport Harbor--------------------- I, 396; , 394; gI,2295 11, 2297 Mattaponi River, Va., improvement------------------- - I, 570; i, 2401 Mattituck Harbor, N. Y., improvement -------------------- , 282; iI, 2219 Maumee Bay and River, Ohio, improvement of Toledo Harbor_ I, 1653; Ii,3323 Maurice River, N. J., improvement_____-- __-- ______________ , 449; Meherrin River, N. C., improvement________________________ I, 617; II. 2431 11, 2333 Memorial statues, etc. See Statues, memorials, etc. Memphis Harbor, Tenn., improvement by Mississippi River Commis- sion ---------- 1969; III, 3525 ,---------------------------------- Menominee Harbor and River, Mich. and Wis., improvement__ I, 1472; n1, 3180 Menomonee River, Wis., improvement of Milwaukee inner harbor ... I,1509; ii, 3201 Mermentau River, La.: Improvement, including tributaries__________________ I,1030; i, 2692 Improvement of waterway from Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou--------------------------------------- , 1017; 11,2686 Improvement of waterway to Franklin________ I,1013; II,2684 Improvement of waterway to Sabine River ______ ____ i, 1019; 11, 2686 Operating and care of Schooner Bayou Lock-------- , 1026; , 2688 Merrimack River, Mass.: Examination and survey of river and of waterway connecting river with Piscataqua River, N. H-_____---- ___-- __________--_ 1,169 Improvement ------- ----------------------------- , 124 ; n, 2130 Improvement of Newburyport Harbor---------------- I, 122; I, 2129 Meters, w-te installation in certain Government buildings _ I,2021; nxI, 3813 Miami .d5E~1e Caal, Ohio, examination and survey 1, 1412 Miami Harbor, Fla.: Examination and survey---------------------------------- I,855 Improvement..--------------- --------------------- I,799; II,2539 Michigan and Illinoiscanal, war emergency work__---- I,1602; ni, 3267 Michigan City Harbor, Ind., improvement- -....------. I, 1591; 11, 3258 XXIV IND.. Michigan Lake: Page. Canal to Sturgeon Bay, improvement-------___-_ - I, 1490; Ii, 3188 Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement_ I, 1606; II, 3269 Examination and survey of bar at Great Lakes, Ill-------------- I, 1605 Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal and branch canal to --- ----------------------------------------------- I, 1412 Illinois and Michigan Canal, war emergency work-...... I, 1602; 11, 3267 Illinois and Mississippi Canal, operating and care----- I, 1246; u, 2857 Surveys, charts, etc----- -----------. 2069; inx, 3855 I,------------ Water levels . . .--I-----------------i, 2069; Ini, 3855 Middle Neebish Channel, St. Marys River, Mich., improvement_ , 1606; ii, 3276 Milford Harbor, Conn., improvement____------__---- I, 227; ii, 2192 Milford Haven Harbor, Va., improvement__-------- I, 568; i, 2400 Military maps and surveys- --------------------------- - I, 89 Military Railways, Director General of------------ --------------- I, 55 Mill Creek, or River, Conn.: Improvement of New Haven Harbor------------------, 222; i, 2189 Improvement of Southport Harbor---------------- I, 237; I, 2197 Improvement of Stamford Harbor ---------------- I, 246; i, 2201 Milwaukee, Wis.: Engineering district--__--___------- I, 1469; , 3177 Examination and survey of harborI------------- ------------ i, 1572 Improvement of inner and outer harbors--------------- , 1509; i, 3201 Mines, submarine ------------------------ ------------------- I, 76 Minim Creek-Estherville Canal, S. C., improvement --------- i. , 701; i, 2492 Mining casemates --- 76 I------------------I----- Mining, hydraulic, in California --------------------- , 1956; ii, 3509 Minnesota, examination and survey of boundary waters .----- __ - -_ I, 1281 Minnesota River, Minn.: Improvement ___--- ___-------------I, 1267; i, 2869 Operating snag and dredge boats-------.. ------------- I, 1243; 11, 2854 Miscellaneous civil works, estimates for__--------------------- I, 1993 Mispillion River, Del.: Examination and survey of waterway from Chincoteague Bay to Delaware Bay------------ I, 498. Improvement 486 ; I, 2349 I------------------------------------ I, Mississippi River-: Electrical power development between St. Paul and Minneapolis__ , 1250; n, 2861 Examinations and surveys- Head of Passes to headwaters (Mississippi River Commission) I, 1969 St. Paul Harbor, Minn ....... I, 1281 South Pass .---------------------------------- , 969; i, 2658 Gaging, including tributaries, at or near St. Paul, Minn____ I, 1264; I, 2868 Illinois and Michigan Canal, war emergency work ------. , 1602; ii, 3267 Improvement above Minneapolis- Brainerd to Grand Rapids____________---------- I, 1254; i, 2863 Leech and Mississippi Rivers_ _______I-----___--- , 1256; uI, 2864 Reservoir dams at headwaters__------------- _ i, 1259; Ii, 2865 St. Paul to Minneapolis--__--------------- -- I, 1250; II, 2861 Improvement from Minneapolis to Missouri River--------- I, 1230; I, 2829 Improvement from Missouri River to Ohio River -------- 1,1222; i, 2803 Improvement from Ohio River to Head of Passes- Cubits Gap to Head Passes- --------- ------------- , 959; i, 2640 Head of PasseS to Ohio River (Mississippi River Commission)_ I, 1969; II, 3525 Improvement of Memphis Harbor, Miss. (Mississippi River Com- mission)------------- ------------------------ I, 1969; II, 3525 Improvement of Passes of Mississippi River-- South Pass ----------------------- ----- , 965; i, 2652 Southwest Pass, including shoals between Cubits Gap and Head of Passes and dredge construction_-------- I, 959; 11, 2640 Improvement of waterway to Bayou Teche, La---------- i, 1011; 11, 2684 Improvement of waterway to Sabine River-------------- I, 1013; ii, 2684 Levees, Head of Passes to Cape Girardeau, M o-------_ I, 1969; iii, 3525 ew:J Orleans, La., defenses-------------- -------------------. , 67 INDEX. xxV Mississippi River--Continued. Operating and care-- Page. Illinois and Mississippi Canal- -i-------------I, 1246; ii, 2857 Keokuk (Des Moines Rapids) Canal and Dry Dock... I, 1240; II, 2851 Moline, Ill., lock at__---_------------------- --- I, 1241; II, 2853 Reservoir dams at headwaters ------------------- I,, 1264; I,2867 Snag and dredge boats above Missouri River------- I,1243; ii, 2854 Snag boats below Missouri River----------------- I, 1227; iI, 2823 Twin City Lock and Dam------------ 1, 1263; II, .----------- 2866 Towboats, experimental, for use on---------------- I,1977; III, 3523 Mississippi River Commission : Flood protection by------------------------------ I,1969; III, 3525 Improvement of Mississippi River by---------------- I,1969; III, 3525 Surveys of Atchafalaya River and related basins-----.......... I,1976 Mississippi Sound, Miss. and Ala.: Gulfport-Ship Island Channel and Ship Island Pass, improvement___ I,938; ii, 2631 Horn Island Harbor, improvement __--------------- I,933; Ii, 2629 Horn Island Pass, Miss., improvement--------- -------- I, 933; II, 2629 Improvement of channel to Mobile Bay---------------- I,916; Ii, 2614 Mississippi State, removal of water hyacinths from---I__--- I, 1042; II, 2699 Missouri River: Contributions from private agencies for improvement___-. ___-. I,1286 Examination and survey_ 1313 __--------------------, General_____----------------------------------------- , 1282; iI, 2875 Kansas City to mouth, improvement_______----- ------ I,1283; II, 2876 Kansas City to Sioux City, improvement --------------- , 1291; II, 2898 Sioux City to Fort Benton, improvement--------------- I, 1296; ii, 2902 Mobile, Ala., engineering district__------ 911; ii, 2611 i,I----------- Mobile Bay and Harbor, Ala.: Defenses -- -- ------------------------------------------- I, 67 Examination and survey of bar------- ,----------------------,9 Examination and survey of waterway to Pensacola Bay, Fla-------__ , 911 Improvement of -channel to Mississippi Sound------------ , 916; II,2614 Improvement of harbor and bar 912 ; II,2611 ,----------------------- Mobilization campsI,---------- ------------------------------ 1,20 Mokelumne River, Calif., improvement--------- .. I. 1798; III, 3401 Moline Harbor, Ill.: Improvement of Mississippi River between Missouri River and Min- neapolis, Minn------------------- I,1230; II, 2829 -- Operating and care of lock__ ______________________ 1,1241; II, 2853 Monongahela River, W. Va. and Pa.: Improvement ------------------------------------ 1, 1383; , 3057 Improvement of Pittsburgh Harbor ------------------- , 1396; II, 3085 Examination and survey---------------------------------, 1401 Operating and care of locks and dams ------------ , 1388 ; ii,3058 Monroe Harbor, Mich., improvement--------------- ------ , 1650; II, 3322 Monroe Lake, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement------_-- I,783; ii, 2531 Monterey Harbor, Calif., improvement_____------ I,1780; IIi, 3394 Montesano, Wash., improvement of Chehalis River at-.... .i, 1897; III, 3462 Montgomery, Ala.: Engineering district___________________________- - I, 856; II,2571 Erection of monument in Montgomery district___------ ------ I,2105 Monuments, statues, etc. See Statues, memorials, etc. Morehead City Harbor, N. C., improvement---------..--------, 665; Ii, 2466 Mormon Channel, San Joaquin River, Calif., improvement_-. I, 1796; iii, 3401 Morris Cove, New Haven Harbor, Conn., improvement------- I,222; 11, 2189 Morro Bay, Calif., examination and survey--1,----- I, 1753 Mortar batteries---------- ---- --------------------------- 1,69 Mount Desert, Bar Harbor, Me., construction of breakwater__ I,102; ii,2116 Mud Lake, Mermentau River, La., improvement -------- I-, 1030; II, 2692 Mud River, ::Ga., improvement of waterway via_----------, 738; Ii, 2510 Mud River, S. C., improvement of waterway via_-----_-----, 738; II, 2510 Mulberry Fork of Warrior River, examination and survey---------- , 958 Murderkill River, Del., improvement---------------------- , 484; II, 2348 Muscle Shoals Canal, Tennessee River, Ala., operating and care. 1, 1363; II,2955 1%71 .INDX. Page. Muscle Shoals Nitrate Plants, Tennessee River----------- , 1359; In, 2953 Muskegon Harbor and River, Mich,, improvement -, ...------- , 1545; i, 3225 Muskingum River, Ohio, operating and care of locks and dams i, 1413; ii, 3117 Mystic River, Conn., improvement ------------------------ , 204; II, 2181 Mystic River, Mass., improvement--------,----------------, 148; II, 2146 N. Nansemond River, Va., improvement ---------------------- , 599; ii, 2422 Nanticoke River, Del. and Md., improvement 528; II, 2375 ,---------------_ Nantucket Harbor, Mass., construction of harbor of refuge-. I, 172; ii, 2160 Nantucket Sound, Mass., improvement of Pollock Rip Channel, I, 170; Ii, 2159 Napa River, Calif, improvement----------------------- , 1772; III, 3391 Narragansett Bay, R. I.: Defenses ------------------------------------------------ I,67 Improvement 184; I, 2169 I------------------------------------- Narrows of Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt., improvement- - , ,. 351; In, 2270 Nasel River, Wash., improvement-,------------------- 1,1891; III, 3459 Nashville, Tenn., engineering district--,----------------- ,313; 11, 2915 Nassau Sound, improvement of waterway via 738; In, 3510 ,--------------- Natalbany River, La., improvement___ - ------- , 979; n, 2665 National Army: Divisional engineer or sapper regiments..-------------,----------- ,13 Engineer officers,---------------------------------------- , 12 National Parks. See Parks. Naugatuck River, Conn., examination and survey , 252 i________________ Navesink (North Branch of Shrewsbury) River, N. J., improve- ment 401; ii, 2299 I-----------------,-----------------I, Navigable waters. See Bridges, Rivers and harbors, and Wrecks. Navigation, Congresses of, Permanent International Association-_ - i, 1976 Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii, improvement --------------- , 1947; nIn, 3503 Neches River, Tex.: Examination and survey of river and Neches-Sabine Canal- _.. , 1152 Improvement of Neches-Sabine Canal -------- 1127 ; x, 2742 I--------, Neebish Channels, St. Marys River, Mich., improvement- -- i, 1606; ii, 3276 Nehalem Bar andl Bay, Oreg., improvement_--- ___---1, Nemadji River, Wis., improvement of Duluth-Superior Harbor i, 1439; n, 3162 1836; 111,3422 Neponset River, Mass., improvement--------------------- I, 154; i, 2150 Neuse River, N. C., improvement_-_____--------- I, 639; i, 2446 Newark Bay, N. Y. and N. J.: Examination and survey -- ------------------ , 405 Improvement ------------------------------------- , 364; i, 2275 New Bedford Harbor, Mass.: Defenses ------------------------------------------------ , 67 Improvement 174; n, 2162 I------------------------------------- Newbegun Creek, N. C., improvement ---------------------- I, 621; nI, 2433 Newbern, N. C., examination and survey of waterway to Wilming- ton, N. C---------- -------------------------------- , 689 New Buffalo Harbor, Mich,, examination and survey --- , 1605 I------------ Newburyport Harbor, Mass., improvement------------------ I,122; nx,2129 New Haven Harbor, Conn.: Construction of breakwaters-------------------------I, 226; I, 2191 Examination and survey----------- - ------------------ , 252 Improvement by dredging, etc-------------... ---------- I, 222 ; Ii, 2189 New Jersey and New York Channels, examination and surveyI----------, 405 New Jersey-Staten Island Channels, N. Y. and N. J., improve- ....----------... ment..........----------....--------------- , 374, 377; n, 2283,; 2287 New London, Conn.: Engineering district _-------------------------------- , 199; , 2179 Improvement of harbor -- 206; n, 2182 ,--------------------------- New Orleans, La.: Defenses---------------------------- .- . I, 67 Engineering district.----,.------ - I, 958; nI, 2639 Newport Harbor, R. I., improvement --------------------- i, 181; II, 2168 :Newport News, Va., improvement of channels to-----------_.- I, 584; iI, 2415 INDEX. XXVII Page. Newport, R. I., engineering district------ ....----------------- , 169; Ii, 2159 Newport River, N. C., improvement of waterways between Beaufort and New River_ A661; II,2463 I----------------------------------- New River, N. C. : New Improvement ------------------------------------- Improvement of waterways to Swansboro and Beaufort Rochelle, N. Y.: ----, 661; Ii, 2463 I, 661; I, 2463 Examination and survey of harbor--------------------------- I, 363 Improvement of Echo Bay Harbor I, 259; II, 2209 Newtown Creek, N. Y., improvement------- ---------------- , 316; Ii, 2242 New Whatcom (Bellingham) Harbor, Wash., improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway ----------------- 1926; III, 3484 I-----------------, New York and New Jersey Channels, examination and surivey----------_ I, 405 New York Bay and Harbor, N. Y.: Ambrose Channel, improvement--- -___________ I, 294; iI, 2225 Arthur Kill, improvement_ ..... ____------ I, 374, 377; Ii, 2283, 2287 Battery, the, removal of shoal in Hudson River off Pier A__ I, 324; II, 2248 Bay Ridge Channel-- Examination and survey--------------------------------, 363 Improvement -------------------------------- , 302; iI, 2229 Bayside Channel, improvement ---------- - I__- _ I, 294; ii, 2225 Bronx River, improvement--------------------------- I, 268; i, 2213 Channel, Staten Island-Hoffman and Swinburne Islands -. I, 294; ii, 2225 Coenties Reef, removal____________________________ I, 306; I, 2240 Coney Island Channel, improvement , 300; , 2229 I__________________ Constable fhook to Ellis Island, examination and survey -__ _ I, 405 Craven Shoal, improvement _______ _______-______ xI, 294; ii, 2225 Defenses_-------------------- I, 67 Drift, collection and removal _______________________ I , 329; ii, 2257 East (Ambrose) Channel, improvement , 294; II, 2225 I____________________ East Chester Creek, improvement 262; ii, 2210 I_________________________ East River, improvement, including Coenties Reef__________ I, 306; i, 2230 Flushing Bay- Examination and survey-------------------------------- , 363 Improvement _ ____ - I, 273; i, 2215 Gedney Channel, improvement - __ ------ -_-_-- I, 294; II, 2225 Gowanus Creek Channel, improvement____________________ , 304; ii, 2230 Harlem River, improvement -------------------------- , 320; ii, 2244 Hell Gate, East River, improvement___- ___ I_______ , 306; i, 2230 Hudson River Channel, improvement_----____-__,____, 324; i, 2248 Hutchinson River (East Chester Creek), improvement---... I, 262; ii, 2210 Kill Van Kull- Examination and survey -------------------------------- I, 405 Improvement --------------------------- I, 374, 377; i, 2283, 2287 Main Ship Channel, improvement----, Narrows to the sea, improvement____.. _______ _________- I, 294; iI, 2225 I, 294; Iu, 2225 New Jersey-Staten Island Channels, improvement i, 374, 377; ii, 2283, 2287 Newtown Creek, N. Y., improvement ------------------- I, 316; .11, 2242 North (Hudson) River, improvement------------------ I, 343; Ii, 2265 Red Hook Channel, improvement--------------------- I, 302; II, 2229 Shooters Island Channel, improvement__ ____________ I_, 377; ii, 2287 Spuyten Duyvil Creek, improvement_.____-. ________ - I, 320; I, 2244 Staten Island-Hoffman Island-Swinburne Island Channel_--__, 294; r, 2225 Staten Island-New Jersey Channels, improvement_ , 374, 377; i, 2283, 2287 Staten Island Sound, improvement--------------------- I. 374; II, 2283 Supervision 1994; In, 3783 I-------------------------------------, New York engineering districts : First_-------- I, 252; i, 2205 Second----- --------------------------------- , 364; Ii, 2275 Third. See Second. New York, port of, engineer depot_- ------------------------------- I, 59 Nezpique Bayou, La.: Examinatiop and survey----- ---------------------------- I, 1044 Improvement-------------- -------------------- , 1030; Ii, 2692 XwlII 31 INDEX. I Niagara River, N. Y.: Page. Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, improvement_ I, 1704; ii, 3350 Buffalo Harbor, improvement-,__----,----- . ... I, 1698; I, 3346 Control and regulation of water of, and preservation of the Falls_ I, 2080; in, 3865 Improvement----- --------------------------- , 1710; ii, 3353 Supervision of power companies at the Falls .----- __--. I, 2083; In, 3865 Surveys, etc---_____----_________-__ -_______ I, 2069; in, 3855 Nitrate Plants, Muscle Shoals, Tennessee River___________ I, 1359; Ii, 2953 Nome Harbor, Alaska, improvement--________--__-_____ I, 1935; In, 3489 Nooksak River, Wash., improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries-_ I, 1902; in, 3464 Norfolk Harbor, Va.: Defenses- ---------------------------------------------- I, 67 General improvement, including main channel of Elizabeth River, and portions of Southern, Eastern, and Western Branches I, 576; ii, 2407 Improvement of channels to Newport News ----------- I, 584; n, 2415 Improvement of Thimble Shoal - -, 582; ii, 2414 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort Inlet------------ 'I 609; ii, 2426 Improvement of waterway to sounds of North Carolina (to Pamlico Sound) via Pasquotank River- -- ___----___- -, 606; ii, 2425 Operating and care of waterway to Beaufort Inlet, N. C __: 614; ii, 2429 Norfolk, port of, engineer depot _...__ I, 59 Norfolk, Va., engineering district -------------- ... 576; ii, 2407 North Carolina Cut, N. C., improvement of waterways via __, 609 n, 2426 North Carolina Sounds, improvement of waterway to Norfolk, 'a--... I, 606; ii, 2425 North Dakota, examination and survey of boundary waters___- ___ - I, 1281 Northeast River, N. C.: Examination ------ ------------------------- I, 689 I---- Improvement __-------------------.--- I, 680; Ii, 2476 Northern and northwestern lakes: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement__ I, 1606; ii, 3269 Commercial statistics, Sault Ste. Marie Canals, Mich-..... I, 1628; i, 3286 Control and regulation of waters of Niagara River, and preserva- tion of Niagara Falls------------,,,--------------- , 2080; in, 3865 Surveys, charts, etc_I------------------------------ 2069; in, 3855 Water levels-__-___i_, --------------- ____ 2069; III, 3855 North Landing River, Va. and N. C., improvement of waterway via ___ I, 609; II, 2426 North River, N. C., improvement of waterway via__-----,,- -- , 609; ii, 2426 North (Hudson) River, N. Y., improvement----------------- I, 343; iI, 2265 North River, Wash., improvement------------------,----- 1891; iii, 3459 North Santee River, S. C., examination and survey of waterway to Charleston Harbor------ ----------------------------------- , 722 Northwest Fork of Nanticoke River, Md., improvement .-----.. I, 528; II, 2375 Norwalk Harbor, Conn., improvement 241; ii, 2198 -i, I,------------- Norwich Harbor, Conn., improvement of Thames Riveri--------, 208; ii, 2183 Noyo River, Calif., examination and survey-- 1788 I-------------------, 0. Oak Bay to Port Townsend Bay, Wash., waterway, improve- ment ----------------------------- -------------- I, 1904; in, 3466 Oakland Harbor, Calif., improvementi------------, 1759; iiI, 3386 Occoquan Creek, Va., improvement-..----- -- _____---- I, 559; II, 2394 Ocmulgee River, Ga.: Examination and survey--I,------------------------------ 772 Improvement ------------------ I, 762; II, 2518 Oconee River, Ga., improvement - __---- ---------------- I, 759; Ii, 2516 Oconto Harbor, Wis., improvement___----------------- I, 1476; ii, 3182 Office of the Chief of Engineers, officers on duty in- -. _______._- I, 2107 Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement-------------- I, 1734; Ii, 3372 Ohio River: Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, etc --------- I, 1412 Falls at Louisville, Ky., improvement at__ --------- I, 1366; ii, 3007 General improvement (open-channel work) I, 1408 ; Ii, 3105 _------- INDEX. XX1X Ohio River-Continued. Page. Ice piers---- --------------------------- 1408; Ii, 3105 Locks and dams, construction-___- - _ ---. -- I, 1366; Ii, 2959 I,, Locks and dams, operating and care_------ ------- I, 1380; II, 3031 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky., enlargement-------- I, 1366; II, 3007 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky., operating and care... I, 1380; II, 3050 Pittsburgh Harbor, Pa., improvement_ .-..... _____ I, 1396; II, 3085 Report on water terminals between Pittsburgh and Cairo -------- , 1412 Snag boats, operation_......______ ___----------- I, 1411; ii, 3113 Surveys _----- ---------------------------- -- I, 1366; ii, 3014 Okeechobee Lake, Fla., examination and survey of waterway via- --- 856 I---, Oklawaha River, Fla., improvement Olcott Harbor, N. Y., improvement_____-- ____--______ "- _____- ____--I, 789; II, 2534 -- I, 1715; i, 3359 Oldmans Creek, N. J., improvement___. I, 440; II, 2329 Old River (present mouth of Red River), La., removing snags and wrecks ------------------------------------------- I, 1227; i, 2823 Old River, Ohio, examination and survey ____--------------- .- I, 1690 Old River, Tex., examination and survey-- - ---------- I, 1123 Old River, Wash., improvement_---------,.--------------- I, 1919; II, 3480 Olympia Harbor, Wash., improvement Onancock River, Va., improvement ________--__-__- --------------- i, 1907; III, 3468 I, 605; I, 2424 Ontario, Lake: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement__ i, 1606; ii, 3269 Examinations and surveys-------------------------------------I, 1738 Surveys, charts, etc _______________ -________---- I, 2069; III, 3855 Water levels__________________________________ I, 2069; ii, 3855 Ontonagon Harbor and River, Mich., improvement_____----- I, 1452; II, 3169 Orange Mills-Flats, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement------- I, 780; II, 2530 Orange River, Fla., improvement----------------------- I, 815; ii, 2547 Osage River, Mo.: Improvement ------------------------------------ I, 1303; , 2906 Operating and care of lock and dam _______I----------- -I, 1311; ii, 2912 Oswego Harbor, N. Y., improvement ____________________ I, 1727; II, 3366 Ouachita River, Ark. and La.: Improvement ------------------------------------ I, 1156; ii, 2760 Operating and care of locks and dams---------------- I, 1174; II, 2771 Oyster Creek, Tex., improvement , 1089; i, 2723 i----------------------- P. Pagan River, Va., improvement 597; II, 2421 I,i__________________-___ Pamlico River, N. C., improvement__-----______ -__-__- I, 630; II, 2440 Pamlico Sound, N. C.: Improvement of waterway to Beaufort Inlet 654; Ii, 2456 i,I---.------- Improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va--------------- I, 606; II, 2425 Pamunkey River, Va.: Examination and survey ______________-- - -i, 575 I_____ Improvement ___________------------ __ --------- I, 572; II, 2404 Panama Canal, fortification of- -------------------------------- , 86 Parks, public: Crater Lake National Park, Oreg., improvement--------i, 2091; ii, 3869 District of Columbia, improvement and care----------- I, 2033; III, 3817 Pascagoula Harbor and River, Miss.: Improvement of harbor ---------------------------- I, 933; ii, 2629 Improvement of river above mouth of Dog River- -------- I, 945; ii, 2634 Pasquotank River, N. C.: Examination and survey- - ------- - , 623 I-------z- Improvement of waterway via --- __ I, i------------- 606; II, 2425 Passaic River, N. J.: Examination and survey----- --------------------- -i, 405 Improvement_,__------------------------------------- I, 364; ii, 2275 Pass Cavallo, Tex.: Improvement of channel to Aransas Pass------------- I, 1100; ii, 2728 Improvement of channel to Port Lavaca-___----------- I, 1099; II, 2727 Passes of Mississippi River, improvement_---_________ --- I, 959; ii, 2639 Pass Manchac, La., improvement------------------------ I, 977; ii, 2664 Xx- - INDEX. Page Patapsco RBier, Md., improvement of Baltimore Harbor and Chan- nels ----- ------------- --.- I, 49.8; II, 2355 Patchogue River, N. Y., improvement- I, 284; ii, 2220 PaWeatuck River, R. I. and Conn., improvement----------- I, 199; ii, 2179 Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, R. I.: Examination and survey-------------------- 1,199 Improvement ..---- --------------- --- I, 188; II, 2172 Peace River, Fla.: Examination and survey---------------------------------- 1,855 Improvement ...------------------- _ .- i, 817; ii, 2548 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, defenses-------------- ---- ------- I, 80 Pearl River, Miss.: Improvement below Rockport------------------------I, 955; ii, 2637 Improvement of East Pearl River..-------------------- , 953; II, 2637 Peconic Bay, N. Y., examination and survey of channel to Great South Bay------------- ---- 363 i,i------------------ Peedee Rivers, S. C.: Improvement of Great Peedee RiverI-------------------, 698; II, 2491 Improvement of Little Peedee River- -.---- --- I, 696;TI, 2491 Peekskill Harbor, N. Y., improvement---------,----------- 333; Ii, 2259 Penobscot River, Me., improvement --------------------- , 104; II, 2118 Pensacola Bay and Harbor, Fla.: Defenses---------. ------------------------------------- , 67 Examination and survey of waterway. to Mobile Bay, Ala ., 911 Improvement of harbor---------, ------------------ , 895; II, 2599 Pentwater Harbor, Mich.: Examination and survey--------------------------------, 1572 Improvement------------------------- ------------ , 1569; Ii, 3245 Pepperells Cove, Me., improvement- _- -_ I,,-.120; II, 2127 Pequonnock (Poquonock) River, Conn., improvement 233; ii, 2194 ,--------- Pere Marquette Lake, Ludington Harbor, Mich., improvement_ I, 1551; in, 3229 Permanent International Association of Congresses of Navigation---- I, 1976 Permits: For construction of bridges-____. 1982 I_____-__-------------- For diversion of water from Niagara River, N. Y., and for transmis- sion of electrical power from Canada-- ------ I, 2080; III, 3865 For private structures and operations in navigable waters_-------- I, 1986 Petaluma Creek, Calif., improvement -------------------- _ I, 1775; III, 3392 Petersburg, Va., improvement of Appomattox River .--------- I, 593; II, 2420 Petoskey Harbor, Mich., improvement---- ---- __ -- ____ I, 1566; II, 3244 Philadelphia, Pa.: Engineering district--- -------------------------- I, 405; II, 2301 Erection of monuments in Philadelphia district---------------- I, 2103 Improvement of Delaware River at- --- ____--- I, 409; iI, 2302 Philippine Islands: Contingencies_ -- _ ----------- , 93 Defenses ---------------------------------------------- , 80 Pierhead lines, establishment -- ---------------------------- I, 1988 Pierre, Fort, S. Dak., improvement of Missouri River at-___-, I, 1296; ii, 2902 Piers, permits for construction_.-------__-_____- __ -- I, 1986 Pigeon Bayous, La., improvement ------------------------ I, 994; II, 2672 Pine Bluff, Ark., improvement of Arkansas River at._------- I, 1194; Ii, 2785 Pine Lake and River -(Charlevoix Harbor), Mich., improvement_ I, 1564; II, 3242 Pine River Reservoir, Minn.: Construction ------------------------------------ I, 1259; , 2865 Operating and care-- ----------------------------- i, 1264; ii, 2867 Piscataqua River, N. H., examination and survey of waterway connecting Merrimack, River, Mass_________________________________ _ I, 169 Pittsburgh, Pa.: Engineering district______-_______ I, 1382; Ii, 3057 Improvement of harbor------------------------------ _-_ , 1396; II, 3085 Plant, floating, statement of--------------------------- , 1979; ii, 4003 Plaquemine Bayou, La.: Improvement------ ------------------------------------ , 994; II, 2672 Operating and care of lock and dam in ___ ___________ I, 1005; Ii, 2678 INDEX. T1111 Page. Plaquemine Brul4 Bayou, .La., improvement - , 1036; ii, 2695 __ i__________ Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement ------------------- , 357; II, 2273 Plymouth Harbor, Mass., improvement------------ I, 163; I, 2155 Pocomoke River, Md., improvement--_-- 543; 11, 2384 i-----__ I, Point Judith, construction of harbor of refuge ______ ___- 1, 190; 11, 2174 Pokegama Reservoir, Minn. Construction----------------------------- ------ , 1259; Ir, 2865 Operating and care ------------------------------- , 1264; 11, 2867 Pollock Rip Channel, Mass., improvement I______----__ 1,170; ii, 2159 Pollution of navigable waters ,------------------------- Ponchatoula River, La., improvement of Tickfaw River------I, 979; It, 2665 Pontchartrain Lake, La., improvement 971; I, 2661 I-------------------, Poquonock River, Conn., improvement_ -__-_______---I, 233; II, 2194 Porcupine Island, Bar Harbor, Me., construction breakwater___ . , 102; 11, 2116 Portage Lake and Lake Superior canals, Houghton County, Mich., im- provement------------------------------------ , 1455; II, 3170 Portage Lake, Manistee County, Mich., harbor of refuge, improve- ment -------------------------------------------- 1557 ; I, 3236 Portage River, Ohio, improvement of Port Clinton Harbor, I, 1657; II, 3325 Port Aransas, Tex.: Examination and survey of channel to San Antonio and Rockport__ I, 1122 Improvement ------------------------------------ , 1,1113; , 2733 Improvement of Harbor Island Harbor__________________, 1113; , 2733 Port Arthur Canal, Tex.: Examination and survey _____ ________-_______-_ , 1152 Improvement -- I, 1124 ; i, 2737 Port Bolivar, Tex., improvement of channel to ------------- i, 1058; ii, 2710 Port Chester Harbor, N. Y., improvement ------------------ , 253; 11, 2205 Port Clinton Harbor, Ohio, improvement__________ I, 1657; 11, 3325 Port Gamble Harbor, Wash., improvement ______1-- - ___,- i, 1906; 111, 3467 Port Henry Harbor, N. Y., improvement ---------- ____---I, 359; II, 2274 Port Huron, Mich., improvement of Black River at 1642; i1, 3318 i______-, Port Jefferson Harbor, N. Y., improvement___ _____--__-__ i, 279; 11, 2218 Portland and Louisville Canal, Ky.: Enlargement -___ -____- _ _______--_- I, 1366; 11, 3007 Operating and care------------ ---------------- i, 1380; 11, 3050 Portland, Me.: Defenses_-__--- -------------- r, 67 Engineering district--------------------- I, 99; II, 2115 Improvement of harbor__________________ ____________ 1, 114; II, 2122 Portland, Oreg., engineering districs: First ------------------------------------------ I, 1809; III, 3409 Second---------------------------------------- , 1857; III, 3433 Port Lavaca, Tex., improvement of channel to Pass Cavallo __ I, 1099; 11, 2727 Porto Rico: Engineering district_.___________-___------- -- ___ 1, 1949; 111, 3505 Improvement of San Juan Harbor _______-- - ___I, 1950; III, 3505 Port Royal (Beaufort) River, S. C., waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and Savannah, improvement,-------------------------- 738; 11, 2510 Port Royal, S. C., defenses_____ 67 I--------------------1, Portsmouth Harbor, N. H., defenses__---_------_-------_____ - I, 67 Port Townsend Bay to Oak Bay, Wash., waterway improvement _____ ,1904: III, 3466 Port Washington Harbor, Wis., improvement__--- I, 1506; II, 3200 Port Wing Harbor, Wis., improvement ________ _______ _ 1, 1446; iI, 3166 Potomac Park, Washington, D. C., improvement 2040; IIx, 3817 I----------, Potomac River: Aqueduct Bridge, Washington, D. C., repair---___________-_- I, 2012 Highway Bridge at Washington, D. C_____________-___ , 2033; III, 3817 Improvement at Alexandria, Va------- ---- ----- , 555; 11, 2392 Improvement at Lower Cedar Point, Md _______________ , 557; II, 2393 Improvement at Washington, D. C----------- -__-- ____, 548; II, 2387 Key Bridge, Georgetown, D. C., construction____________________ , 2015 Power companies at Niagara Falls, N. Y., supervision of___-__ I, 2083; Irr, 3865 mn INDEX. PoWer, water : Page. Black Warrior River, Ala., at Dam 17 .--------------- I, 920; ii, 2615 Mississippi River, dam between St. Paul'and Minneapolis, Minn_-----------------------------_----------- I,1250; i, 2861 Niagara River, N. Y., control and regulation-- --------- i,2080; , ui, 3865 _ Tennessee River, Elk River Shoals to Florence, Ala__ --- I, 1363; ii, 2955 Presque Isle Harbor, Marquette, Mich., improvement---- --- I, 1460; ii, 3172 Presque Isle Peninsula, Erie, Pa., improvement------------- I,1691; ii, 3341 Princeton, N. J., battle-field monument-- --------------------------- I, 2104 Printing Office, Government, Washington, D. C., telegraph line_ I, 2054; in, 3817 Private structures and operations in navigable waters, permits for-__. I,1986 Providence Harbor and River, R. I.: Examination and survey of harbor_ __------_-------- - I, 199 Improvement------------------------------------- I, 184; II, 2169 Improvement of Pawtucket (Seekonk) River-__-------- I, 188; II, 2172 Removal of Green Jacket Shoal__-- ---------- I, 184; II, 2169 Provincetown Harbor, Mass., improvement --------- 166; nT 2156 I___-- I, Public buildings and grounds, District of Columbia ---------- , 2033 ; in, 3817 Puget Sound, Wash.: Defenses ------------------------------------------------ I, 67 Examination and survey of waterway to Grays Harbor---------- I,1938 Improvement of, and tributaries --------------------- I, 1902; In, 3464 Improvement of Lake Washington Canal ___--___---I, 1914; II,3479 Operating and care of Lake Washington Canal---------- I,1932; III, 3486 Pultneyville Harbor, N. Y., improvement___ - ____.-- - - I,1720; ii, 3362 Purification of water supply of Washington, D. C---------- I,2018; II,3801 Puyallup River, Wash.: Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries___---- I,1902; ni, 3464 Improvement of Tacoma Harbor___________--- -- - I,1909; II,3469 Q. Queens Creek, N. C., examipation----------------------------- I, 689 Queenstown Harbor, Md., improvement---_________.------ I, 512; in,2366 Queue de Tortue Bayou, La., improvement-----------------i, 1033; ii, 2694 Quinnipiac River, New Haven, Conn., improvement---------- I,222; ii, 2189 R. Raccoon Creek, N. J., improvement---------------------------- I,437; ii, 2327 Racine Harbor, Wis., improvement , 1515; ii, 3203 i___________________-_ Rahway River, N. J., examination and survey_-_______--______- I,405 Railways, Director General of Military ---------------------------- I,55 Railway Transportation Corps, United States Army-__---------- I, 15 Raisin River, Mich., improvement of Monroe Harbor --------- I,1650; ii, 3322 Rappahannock River, Va., improvement.........------------- I,563; i, 2397 Raritan Bay and River, N. J.: and-surve Examinatio Examination and survey ----------------------------------- ,40 ,__________ 405 Improvement of bay _________I_________-___-___--, 384; ni, 2290 Improvement of river_____- _____I_____-__ z,386; 11, 2291 Red Cross memorial to women of Civil War, to be used by ___- i,2057; ni, 3817 Red Hook Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement-x--- I,302; ii,2229 Red Lake and Red Lake River, Minn.: Examination and survey ____ __________-_-_-_-__ I,1280 Improvement-- ------------- ------------------- I, 1270; xn, 2870 Red River, La., Ark., Tex., and Okla.: Cypress Bayou and lakes to Jefferson, Tex., improvement__ I, 1148; n, 2755 Improvement above Fulton, Ark., to mouth of Washita River_ I,1143; II,2754 Improvement below Fulton, Ark_____-_________-____ Jefferson-Shreveport waterway, improvement ___________ I,1148; Ii, 1153; Ii, Rectification of mouth by Mississippi River Commission__ I,1969; Iii, 1, 2757 2755 3525 Red River of the North, Minn. and N. Dak., improvement-x- I,1270; II, 2870 Redwood Creek, Calif., improvement _____- ______ -___ I, 1757; II,3385 Regulations and rules: -______ For anchorage grounds_____________________ I, 1981 For floating loose timber and logs, etc_ ____________ - __-- __ I, 1980 For navigation For canals________ opening of ofdrawbridges------------------------ 1980 I,198 I, For opening of drawbridges_-------------------------------1, 1981 .Rehboboth Bay, Del., waterway to Delaware Bay, improvement__. I, 491; 1, 281I Republidan River, Kans., protection of bank line in front of Fort Riley 'Military Reservation-------1------------- ------ ,1312; nI, 2914 Reservations, public. See Parks. Reserve Corps, Engineer Enlisted------------------------------- Reserve Corps, Engineer Officers'-------- Reserve Corps,. special enlisted-..---- --------------------- -------------------- ... 1, , 9 , 11 Reservoirs: Mississippi River, headwaters-- Constructioni.------ -. I, 1259; II, 2865 Operating .and care-------- -------------------- i, 1264; Ii, 2867 Tidal reservoir, Potomac River, D. C.---I--------------i, 548; if, 2387 Washington.Aqueduct, D. C-------------------i------, 2018; III, 3801 Richmond Harbor,. Calif., improvementi------------------- , 1763 ; i, &38 Richmond Harbor, Va.., improvement of James River ---------- I, 588; i, 241& Rigault Bayou, La., improvement I----------------------- , 985; n,2668: Riley, Fort, Kans., protection of bank line of Republican River I, 1312; II, 2914 Ri. Grande, Tex., flood protection at Brownsville------------ , 1120; iu, 27386 Rivers. and. harbors:. Allotments and... transfers under river and harbor act of March 4, 1915 :-__. - .. - ---- ---.. ---------- ---- I, 95 Appropriations for operations during, the past year------------- 1,93 Appropriation to be applied where funds are not adequate under act. of March 2, 1919___ --------------------------------------- 1, 96 Board of Engineers for- ----.---- ___------1., 97; I, 2111 Board of Engineers, The.------ -------------------- --- , 67 Bridges, construction and alteration .--------------------- I, 1982, 1985 Bridges, regulations for opening of draws---... -------. .- , 1981 Contingencies, estimate for--- . --------------------------- , 1979 -__I,1-----I--- Contributed funds for improvement of---------- Estimate of appropriations for Expenditures. during the past year .------. -. ___-_____ -_T_---- -----.--.. . i,.96, 1979' .---- 95, I, 94 Harbor lines, establishment----------------_-----------.. 1, 1988 Pollution of navigable waters ------------------------------- , 1979' Regulations for establishment of anchorage grounds_,----_-- -_ 1I,1981 Regulations for floating loose timber and logs, etc--------------, I, 1980' Regulations for navigation of canals, 98' 1----------------------- Regulations for opening of drawbridges ---------- --------- , 1,1981 Russian Railway Service Corps, material for -- 1,i--------____ 57 Status of works------------------------------------------, 99 Structures other than bridges, permits for erection_____------ I, 1986 Ro ds: In Alaska, Board of Commissioners for--------------- , 2095; in, 3871 In Crater Lake National Park, Oreg- -____-__-_____- I, 2091; III, 3869 In: insular possessions -------------------------------- ---- I, 86 Roanoke River, N. C,, improvement---------------------- I, 619; ii, 2432 Rockhall Harbor, Md., improvement-----------------------. I, 507; I, 2363 Rock Island, Ill., engineering district --------------- 1229; ii, 2829' i-----I, Rockland Harbor, Me,, improvement---------------------- I, 107; iI, 2119 Rockport, Mass., harbor of refuge in Sandy Bay, construction of_ I, 127; ii, 2131 Rock River, Ill. and Wis.: Illinois and Mississippi Canal, operating and care -------- , 1246; mI, 2857 Operating snag boats and dredge boats---------------- I, 1243; ii, 2854 Rogers City Harbor, Mich., improvement 1632 ; 11,'3310 I-------------------, Romerly Marsh, Ga., improvement of waterway via ---- - , 738; 11, 2510 i. Rondout Harbor', N. Y., improvement-------------------- , 340; if, 2264 Roduge River, Mich., improvement ------------------------ , 1647; , 3320, Rough River,.Ky., operating and care of lock and dam-------- I , 1431; nz, 3155 Round lLake, -Charlevoix Harbor, Mich., improvement__--------- I, 1564; , 3242' Riles and regulations: For anchorage grounds--------- I, 1981 For floating loose timber and logs, etc---------------, 1980' ' For navigation of canals----- .,-------------------- -- , 1980'. ~ ... ,F',or opening '2. l ~fhlbfl of drawbridges - kuIE----- _ ---- ~t: ..- . • .- .- -I,.~;:1981 ------- xxrv Pa. Sabine and Galveston Section of Inland Waterway, Tex., examination. and survey ------ ----- ..-------- ---- ---- I, 1122 Sabine Lake, La. and Tex., examination and survey-,-----------W_ I,1152 Sabine-Neches - Canal: Contributions for improvement__,---- ,1129; ii, 2742 Examination and survey---- ---..---- - ----- 1,1152 Improvement -,------------------------------------ 1127; r1,2742 Sabine River, Tex.: Improvement of Sabine-Neches Canal- .--.--- . ---- x, 1127; ii, 2742 Improvement of Sabine Pass Harbor- --------------- . , 1124; I, 2737 Improvement of waterway from Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou, La --------------------------- ----------- , 1017; II, 2686 Improvement of waterwray to. Mermentau River, La---- 1, 1019; u, 2686 Improvement of waterway to Mississippi River---------........ 1,1013; n, 2684 Saco River, Me., improvement-------------- ------------ I, 118 ;, 2126 Sacramento River, Calif.: Alleviation of debris by California Dtbris Commission. Ix,1963 ; nr, 3513 Examination and survey ---------------------------------- , 1809 Flood control by California Debris Commission---------I, 1963; iii, 3513 Improvement ---------------------------- , 1800, 1963 ; uI, 3403, 3513 Saginaw River, Mich., improvement--,---------------------- ,1637; n, 3313 St. Andrews Bay, Fla.: Examination and survey------------ ------------------- -I, 911 Improvement of bay -------- , 879; n, 2587 Improvement of channel to Apalachicola River---- _ I, 875; , 2585 St. Clair Flats Canal, Lake, and River, Mich.: Improvement of channels in Lake St. Clair__I----------, 1617; 11, 3276 Improvement of channels in waters connecting the Great Lakes__. i, 1606; ,3269 Improvement of river----------------------------- , 1613; xi, 3275 St. Croix River, Me., improvement------------- ----------- , 99; xi, 2115 St. Croix River, Wis. and Minn.: Improvement -- 1265; 11, 2868 I-------------------------------, Operating snag boats and dredge boats- ------------- , 1243; 1, 2854 St. Denis Bayou, La., improvement________----------___ _ I, 985; Ix,2668 St. Francis River, Ark.: Examination and survey ---------------------------------- I, 1221 Improvement ---------- St. Johns River, Fla.: ---------------------- ---- St. George Sound, Fla., improvement of Carrabelle Harbor-- -- , 1213; I, 2796 I, 857; nx, 2571 Improvement at Jacksonville_____---------i---------, 778; Ii, 2528 Improvement between Jacksonville and Palatka, including Orange Mills Flats_ __-__-------____---____ I, 780; 1, 2530 Improvement between Palatka and Lake Harney----- -- , 783; n, 2531 Improvement, Jacksonville to the ocean--------------- , 773; n, 2523 Improvement of Volusia Bar and between Volusia Bar and Lake Monroe_ ------------------------------------- I, 783; , 2531 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort, S. C------------ , 738; , 2510 Improvement of waterway to Cumberland Soundi----------, 738; n, 2510 St. Jones River, Del., improvement_---. __.--------- ------ I, 481; n,, 2347 St. Joseph Bay, Fla., improvement of entrance--- .... i, 877; 11, 2586 St. Joseph Harbor and River, Mich.: Improvement of harbor --------------------------- I, 1525; n, 3211 Improvement of river-------- ---- ------------- , 1,1528; xi, 3214 St. Lawrence River, from Lake Ontario to the Canadian border, ex- amination and survey- ---------------------- _: --- 1,1737 St. Louis Bay and River, Minn., and Wis., improvement-....... z, 1439; i1, 3162 St. Louis, Mo., engineering district ---------- 11222; , 2803 St. Lucie Inlet, Fla., improvement-------------- ------- I, 797; , 2538 St. Lucie River and Canal, Fla., examination and survey_- - i.., 1,856 St. Marys River and St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich.: Channels in waters connecting the Great Lakes, improvement_,.. _, 1606; 1, 3269 Commercial stat Istics __ .. .~..; r_.._ a., ~ 286 INDEX.: XX1 St. Marys River and St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich.-Continued. Page. Improvement of river at the falls, including Hay Lake and Neebish Channels-- -------------------------------- , 1606 ; 3269 Operating and care of canal -- --------------------- I, 1627; I, 3282 Surveys, etc-------, ----------------------------- , 2069; in, 3855' St. Marys River, Ga. and Fla., improvement------ ----- I, 752; i, 2514 St. Paul, Minn.-: Engineering district_______------- --------- I, 1249; II, 2861 Examination and survey of harbor -------------- 1281 ,------- Gaging Mississippi River at ---- ____-----------___- , 1264; xi, 2868 St. Petersburg Harbor, Fla., improvement ----------------- , 849; i1, 2567 Salem Harbor, Mass., improvement ----------------------- , 144; in,2144 Salem River, N. J., improvement-_,- __-__--------------- , 442; ix, 2329 Saline River, Ark., improvement_--------------------- 1, 1169; ii, 2769 Salmon Bay, Wash.: Improvement of Lake Washington Canal_________ I, 1914; III, 3479 Operating and care of Lake Washington Canal--_--- Salmon Creek, Pultneyville Harbor, N. Y., improvement_- Salmon River, Idaho, examination and surveyI-------------------- -x, I, 1932; in, 3486 1720; ii, 3362 , 1857 Sampit River, S. C., examination and survey------ ----------- , 721 Sampit River (Georgetown Harbor), S. C., improvement .--- 1, 690; ix, 2485 San Antonio Bay, Tex., improvement of waterway via- ------ , 1100; Ii, 2728 San Antonio River, Tex.: Examination and survey_---______--- --- __ I, 1123 Examination for flood controL , 1123 I--------- San Bernard River, Tex., examination and survey ------------------ , 1122 San Carlos Bay, Fla., examination and survey of waterway to Indian River_ .. . I,------------------ I, 856 Sandbeach (Harbor Beach), Mich., improvemet o harbor of refuge___ , 1689; n, 3314 San Diego Harbor, Calif.: Defenses----------- ----------------------------------- I, 67 Improvement ------------------------------------ , 1740; xII, 3376 Sandusky Harbor, Ohio, improvement_______________ . I, 1659; I, 3326 Sandy Bay, Cape Ann, Mass., construction of harbor of refuge__ , 127; ix, 2131 Sandy Hook Reservation, N. J., protection of - ____________ I, 74 Sandy Lake Reservoir, Minn.: Construction,_-------------------------------------, 1259 ; i, 2865 Operating and care------------------------------- , 1264; , 2867 San Francisco Bay and Harbor, Calif.: Defenses _-------------------------------------------------I, 67 Engineering districts- First------------ -------------------------- I, 1753; III, 8383 Third- ------------------------------------ I, 1788 ; III, 3397 Improvement by removal of rocks 1.---- , 1.754; in, 3383 Improvement of Oakland Harbor--. I--------------, 1759; Ii, 3386 San Jacinto River, Tex., improvement of waterway via ------- I , 1060; I, 2712 San Joaquin River, Calif.: Examinations and surveys -------------------------------- , 1809 Improvement ------------------------------------ , 1789; In, 3397 Improvement of Stockton and Mormon Channels-------- I, 1796; III, 3401 Work of California Debris Commission ________________, 1955; In, 3509 San Juan Harbor, P. R., improvement_-----------______ __ , 1950; i, 3505 San Leandro Bay, Oakland Harbor, Calif., improvement----- I, 1759; IIi, 3386 San Luis Obispo Harbor, Calif., improvement______________ I, 1751; In, 3381 San Pablo Bay, Calif., improvement______________________ , 1766; In, 3389 San Pedro Bay and Harbor, Calif.: Construction of deep-water harbor-._________ __ - I, 1743; Ii, 3378 Improvement of Wilmington inner harbor I----------- x, 1743; u 3378l, San Rafael Creek, Calif., improvement,-----------___--_ ___ 1778; In, 3394 Santa Rosa Sound, Fla., improvement of The Narrows- _____I, 888; i, 2594 Santee River, S. C., improvement-___----- ______ ____ ___i, 701; xn, 2492 Sapelo Bar and Harbor, Ga., improvement ._ ____-----------, 744; 11, 2512 Sarasota Bay, Fla., improvement ------------------------ , 820; i, 2550 Satilla River, Ga., improvement _____________I_________ i, 750; n, 2514 Saugatuck Harbor, Mich., improvement ------------------- , 1533; rt, 3216 Saugatuck River, Conn., improvement_ - --- - --- I, 239; i, 2198 xx171 IN14DEX: Page. Saugerties Harbor, N. Y., improvement_-------------------, 337; ii, 2263 Saugus River, Lynn Harbor, Mass., improvement____ _______I, 146; 11, 2145 Savannah, Ga., engineering district_--_-,------------------- 722; II, 2503 Savannah Harbor and River, Ga.: Defenses ------------------ ---------------------------- , 67 Improvement of harbor __..._____-__------ _ I,722; ii, 2503 Improvement of river above Augusta 735; ii, 2509 I_______________i--, Improvement of river at Augusta- -__.___._________ i,732; in,2508 Improvement of river below Augusta .- __-__-__ ___ i, 729; ii, 2507 Improvement of waterway to -Beaufort, S. C------------ I,738; n, 2510 Improvement of waterway to Fernandina, Fla ---------- , 738; ii, 2510 Saw Pit Creek, improvement of waterway via_________ _____ i, 738; ii, 2510 Saybrook Harbor, Connecticut River, Conn., improvement----- I,214; ii, 2185 School, Engineer, buildings_________-------- _______________ ,64 Schooner Bayou, La.: Improvement of waterway to Vermilion River ---------- , 1017; II, 2686 Operating and care of. lock---- __________ -_____-___ i, 1026; ii, 2688 Schuylkill River, Pa., improvement,-------------------- I, 420; TI, 2318 Scott Point, Tennessee River, Ala., lock and dam at Hales Bar, operating and care --------.------ ---------------------- ,1347 ; iI, 2947 Scuppernong River, N. C., improvement _________-___-- - _ i, 624; ii, 2435 Seacoast defenses I---------------------- 67 Seacoast fortifications, contingent expenses----------------- -___- 1, 77 Searchlights ------ ------- --------------------------- , 71 Searcy Creek, Fla., improvement of waterway via-----, - .. __ , 875; ii, 2585 Seattle Harbor, Wash., improvement of Duwamish River and east and west waterways -, 1912; III, 3474 Seattle, Wash., engineering district ------------------ -- 1, 1891; in, 3459 Sea walls: Defenses of Galveston, Tex-------------------------------- I, 75 Embankments and ... ----------------- --- -- I, 74 Hawaiian Islands ----------- ----------------------------- , 83 Seekonk (Pawtucket) River, R. I.: Examination and survey --------- - - -- I,199 Improvement ------- ----------------------------- ,, 188; ii, 2172 Shallotte River, N. C., improvement_______- _____-__-__- I,686; n, 2482 Shallowbag Bay, N. C., improvement__ 627; ii, 2437 I________________-, Shallow Bayou, La., examination and survey- _________- - I,1152 Shaws Cove, New London, Conn., improvement----__-__---- I,206; ii, 2182 Sheboygan Harbor, Wis., improvement . .___________-I__- 1,1504; ii, 3198 Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., improvement-------------------- 1,292; II, 2224 Sheffield-Island Harbor, Conn., improvement of Norwalk Harbor_ I, 241; ii, 2198 Ship Island Harbor and Pass, Miss., improvement of pass and channel to Gulfport-- ---------------------------------- , 938; , 2631 Shoal- Harbor, N. J., improvement-------------____________ I,398; II, 2298 Shooters Island Channel, N. Y. and N. J., improvement -- 11, ,-----i,377; 2287 Shreveport, La., to Jefferson, Tex., improvement of waterway__ , 1148; ii, 2755 Shrewsbury River, N. J., improvement__________---- I,401; ii, 2299 Silver Lake Harbor, N. C., examination_____________----__------ 1,689 Silver Springs Run, Fla., improvement------------- ------- , 789; 1i, 2534 Sisters Creek, Fla., improvement of waterways via ---------- , 738; n, 2510 Sites of fortifications----------------------------- I,72 Siuslaw River, Oreg., improvement---------------------- I,1820; in, 3417 Skagit River, Wash.: Improvement ------- _ --------------------------- , 1921; III, 3482 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries----------- I,1902; in, 3464 Skamokawa Creek, Wash., improvement _________ _____1, 1883; in, 3453 Skidaway Narrows, Ga., improvement of waterways via__ ____- , 738; Ii, 2510 Skykomish River, Wash:, improvement of Puget Sound and tribu- taries - --------------- ------------------------- ,1902; III, 3464 Slack-water systems. See Canals and Waterways. Slaughter Creek, Md., improvement----. --------------- , 527; n, 2375 Smiths Creek, N. C.: Examination ...---------- ---------- I, 689 Improvement__--------------------------- , 642; nI, 2449 Smyrna River, Del., improvement -------------- . I, 475; ii, 2344 RI NDEX. xxxv"I ,Snake River, Idaho, Oreg., and Wash.: Page. Examinations and surveys------- -------- --... . I, 1857 Improvement------------------- --- 1, 1849 ; ni, 3427 Snohomish River, Wash.: Examination-------------------------------------------, 1938 Improvement_ 1919; iii, 3480 i,------------------i Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries ---- __ -- i, 1902; III, 3464 Snoqualmie River, Wash., improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries, I, 1902; iiI, 3464 Soda Lake, La., improvement of waterway via-- ...... ___ I, 1148; n, 2755 South Chicago Harbor, Ill., improvement ___. -- _,-_- I, 1580; II, 3251 South Dakota, examination and survey of boundary waters---------- I, 1281 Southern Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement-- ------ i, 576; ii, 2407 South Haven Harbor, Mieh., improvemuit----------------- I, 1530; II, 3214 South Pass, Mississippi River.: Examinations and surveys--------, ------------------- 969; ni, 2658 Maintenance of channel---- _--------__- ________ _ I, 965; nI, 2652 Southport Harbor, Conn:, improvement---,,_,-.... South River, N. C., improvement ---- - I, 237; 11,2197 ---- ___-___-.... I, 636; II, 2444 South River, N. J., improvement-- __----.... I, 389; II, 2293 Southwest Baltimore, Md., improvement at Spring Garden-..... I, 498; II, 2355 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River, improvement, including shoals, be- tween Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, and dredge construction- I, 959; Ii, 2640 Spring Garden, Baltimore, Md., improvement of harbor at__- . I, 498; ni, 2355 Spuyten Duyvil Creek, N. Y., improvement __-,---,.-, I , 320;II, 2244 Stamford Harbor, Conn., improvement-__-__. __ _ I, 246; H, 2201 Staten Island-New Jersey Channels, improvement-- I, 374, 377; ii, 2283, 2287 Staten Island Sound (Arthur Kill), N. Y. and N. J.: Examination and survey-----------------------------I, 405 Improvement ----------------------------- I, 374, 377 ; I, 2283, 2287 Statues, memorials, etc.: Abraham Lincoln memorial _______------i, 2057; in, 3817 I,______ Arlington memorial amphitheater and chapel- -____I,I__2058; ii, 3817 In public grounds, Washington, D. C.-- --------------- I, 2052; ii, 3817 Macdonough memorials, Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt.----------I, 2103 Memorial to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant 2056; in, 3817 ,_____________---i Monument and wharf at Wakefield, Va-- -- , 2056; II, 3817 t------- Monument at Germantown, Pa---- ------------------------- , 2104 Monument at Horseshoe battle ground, Ala----------------- I, 2105 Monument on Princeton battle field -------------------------- I,2104 Monuments outside the District of Columbia__----------------- 1,2102 Monument to Commodore John Barry _____________-__I, 2056; II, 3817 Monument to Francis Scott Key_---- ___----- -_ I, 2058; IIIn,3817 Red Cross, memorial to women of Civil War, to be used by I, 2057; In, 3817 Steele Bayou, Miss., improvement ______________--_ - i, 1188; ii, 2780 Stilaguamish River, Wash., improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries, I, 1902; in, 3464 Stockton Channel, San Joaquin River, Calif.: Examination and survey --------------------------------- I, 1809 Improvement_ I, 1796; in, 3401 Stonington Harbor, Conn__- ------------------------- I,--- 202; nI, 2180 Structures in navigable waters, permits for private structures and oper- ations------ ------------------------------------------- , 1986 Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wis., improvement ----.. i, 1490; ii, 3188 Submarine mines_------------------ 76 i---------------I--------, Suisun Bay Channel, Calif., improvement---- I, 1769; In, 3391 Suisun Creek or Channel, Calif., improvement-__--___ I, 1770; III, 3391 Sulphur River, Ark. and Tex.: Examination and survey------ ------------------------- , 1151 Examination and survey of Days Creek and --------- _ I-, 1151 Improvement-- ------------------------------- 1146; ii, 2755 Sunflower River, Miss.: Improvement of Big Sunflower River__--------- I, 1184; i, 2778 Operating and care of lock and dam, Big Sunflower River__ I, 1193; II, 2783 Sunken craft, removal of. See Wrecks. XXXVIII INDEX. Page Superior Bay and Harbor, Wis., improvement of Duluth-Superior Har- bor ---------------------------------------------- , 1439; I, 3162 Superior, Lake : Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement__ I,1606; In, 3269 Keweenaw Bay-Lake Superior waterway, Mich., improvement_ _ I, 1455; n, 3170 Surveys, charts, etc------------------------------ I,2069; III,3855 Water levels_ _ I------------------------------------, 2069; nii, 3855 Supervision of New York Harbor, N. Y __---- _______-- I,1994; niI, 3783 Surface levels. See Water levels. Surveys: Military and maps ---------------------------------------- , 89 Of Northern and Northwestern Lakes---------------I--, 2069; Ii,3855 Of rivers and harbors, estimate of appropriation for----___ I,1979 Ohio River--------------------------------------, 1366; 11, 3007 Susquehanna River, Pa. and Md.: Examination and survey, Harrisburg to the mouth,--------------- , 547 Improvement ------------------------------------- I, 504; , 2360 Suwannee Iiver, Fla., improvement-------,-- ------------- 833; n, 2557 Swan Quarter Bay to Deep Bay, N. C., improvement of waterway_ I,629; 11, 2439 Swansboro, N. C., waterway to New River and Beaufort, improve- ment ...--------------- ----- --- x, 661; i, 2463 Swift Creek, N. C., improvement- __------ ------------- I,644; II, 2450 Swinomish Slough, Wash: Improvement----------- --.-------- , 1923; rn, 3482 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries--------- I,1902; in, 3464 T. Tacoma Harbor, Wash.: Examination and survey of city waterway--____-------- - x,1938 I___ Improvement ---------------- -------------------- I,1909; III, 3409 Tahoe Lake, Calif. and Nev., examination and survey--- ------------ , 1788 Tallahatchie River, Miss., improvement.- _i, 1179; n, 2776 I__-___-- Tallapoosa River, Ala., monument at Horseshoe battle ground--------- I,2105 Tampa Bay and Harbor, Fla.: Defenses ----- -------------------------------------- I, 67 Improvement of bay__________________---------- I,836, 839; i, 2558, 2561 Improvemerit of channel to Clearwater Harbor---------- I,823; ii,2552 Improvement of Hillsboro Bay and River _______ , 839, 844; II, 2561, 2564 Tangier Channel, Va., improvement_ ____ __---------- I,545; n, 2386 Tangipahoa River, La., examination and survey- --------------- __ i, 1045 Tar River, N. C., improvement-------------------------- , 630; II,2440 Tarrytown Harbor, N. Y., improvement-- 330; IT,2258 I-------------------, Taunton River, Mass., improvement___---------- - -_____I,178; n, 2166 Tchula Lake, Miss., improvement_____----- -- 1, 1178; In,2775 I-------- Teche Bayou, La.: Improvement ------------------------------------ ,1000; 11, 2676 Improvement of waterway from Franklin to Mermentau__ I,1013; n, 2684 Improvement of waterway from Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou 1017; 11, 2686 I--------------------------------------- Improvement of waterway to Mississippi River--__----- I,1011; n, 2684 Operating and care of Keystone Lock__________ I,1007; ii,2680 Telegraph line, Government, Washington, D. Ci-------------, 2054; Ini, 3817 tenants Harbor, Me., improvement___________ , 109; 11,2120 I__________ Tennessee River: Above Chattanooga, improvement--_ -------------- , 1,1328; II, 2931 Bee Tree Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care--------- I,1349; Ii,2949 Below Riverton, Ala., improvement_____________--___ I,1343; ii,2943 Browns Island to Florence, improvement________--- I,1363; 11, 2955 Chattanooga to Hales Bar, improvement--- __-_____-- I,1333; ,2937 Chattanooga to Riverton, improvement____________- -- I,1333; 11, 2937 Colbert Shoals Canal, operating and care ------------ 1349; II, 2949 I---, Elk River Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care--------- I,1363; ii,2955 Florence to Colbert Shoals, improvement_--___-- - I-,1333; n, 2937 Hales Bar Lock and Dam, operating and carei-----------, 1347; 11 2947 Hales Bar to Browns Island, improvement ----- ---- xi,1333; ix, 2937 Muscle Shoals Canal, operating and care---------------I, 1363; x,2955 Muscle Shoals Nitrate Plants--_, -------- _ _---- I,1359; x,2953 INDEX. XXnl Page. Tensas River, La., improvement___-- __---- I, 1163; II, 2765 Terra Ceia Cut-Off, Fla., improvement-------------------- , 846; i, 2565 Terrebonne Bayou, La.: Examination and survey---,-------------------------------------- , 1045 Improvement --- -- , 991; II, 2671 Texar Bayou, Fla., examination and survey ----------------------- , 911 Texas City Harbor, Tex.: Examination and survey------------------------------- I,1123 Improvement of channel to Galveston_-------------- I, 1055; II, 2708 Texas, State, removal of water hyacinths 1042; Ii, 2699 ,---------------- Thames River, Conn.: Improvement ------------------------------------- I, 208; ii, 2183 Improvement of New London Harbor _______-______---i, 206; II, 2182 The Board of Engineers --------------------------------------- I, 67 Thimble Shoal, Chesapeake Bay, Va., improvement----- ----- , 582; II, 2414 Thonfaston Harbor, Me., improvement-------------------- I, 110; II, 212( Thoroughfare Bay to Cedar Bay, N. C., improvement --------- I, 652; 11, 2456 Threemile Rapids, Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash., improvement, I, 1843 ; III, 3424 Thunder Bay Harbor and River, Mich., improvement--------- I, 1634; II, 3310 Tickfaw River, La., improvement of, including tributaries . I, 979; Ii, 2665 Tigre Bayou, La., examination and survey----------------------- , 1045 Tilghman Island Harbor, Md., improvement --------------- I, 515; II, 2368 Tillanfook Bay and Bar, Oreg.: Examinations and surveys______________ _______ ____ I, 1856. Improvement ___--____------- ____--____ I, 1831; III, 3420 Toledo Harbor, Ohio, improvement---I____- , 1653; II, 3323 I----____ Tombigbee River, Ala. and Miss.: Demopolis, Ala., improvement below (construction of locks and Th INDEX. Page. :"Tuckahoe River, Md., improvement---------I,---- --------- ,522; II, 2372 Tuckerton Creek, N. J., improvement ------------ , 459; II, 2337 Tug Fork, Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky.: Improvement ------------------------------------ , 1416; In, 3125 Operating and care of locks and dants , 1419; ii, 3127 i--------- Turners Cut, N. C., improvemenit of waterway via ----- , 606; in, 2425 Turtle Bayou, Tex.: Examination and survey-------, 1---------------------- Improvement ---- ------------- i---- 1076; ii, 2718 i----------, Turtle Cove Channel, Port Aransas, Tex., examination and survey------ I, 1122 Turtle Cove, Tex., improvement of waterway via-____----- I, 1103; ii, 2729 Turtle River, Brunswick Harbor, Ga., improvement- - ___-- - I, 766; ii, 2519 Twelvemile Bayou, La., improvement of waterway via ____. I, 1148; i, 2755 Twin City lock and dam, Mississippi River, operating and care_ I, 1263; iI, 2866 Twitch Cove and Big Thoroughfare River, Md., improvement___ I, 544; ii, 2385 Two Rivers Harbor, Wis., improvement--------________ _ i,1499; ii, 3194 Tyaskin (Wetipquin) Creek, Md., improvement--- __------_ i, 532; 2378 I, U. Union Lake, Wash., improvement of waterway via---------- , 1914; I, 3479 Upper Chipola River, Fla., improvement________________-__ I, 866; i, 2576 Upper White River, Ark., operation of locks and dams------- Urbanna Creek, Va., improvement---- I, 1219; in, 2799 , 566; II, 2399 I------------------ V. Valley Creek, Ala., examination and survey----------------------- I, 958 Vancouver Barracks, engineer depot 60 _--I, I------_-------_------ Vermilion Bay and River, La.: Improvement of waterway to Schooner Bayou___ -__-I, 1017; ii, 2686 Improvement of waterway viai-----------------------, 1013; iI, 2684 Vermilion Bayou, La., improvement of channel, bay, and passes I, 1027; 1, 2690 Vermilion, Clay County, S. Dak., bank revetment on Missouri River at--------- ------------------------------------ I, 1296; ii, 2902 Vermilion Harbor, Ohio, improvement_----- I, 1666; i, 3329 Vicksburg, Miss., engineering district__-- ____-______- I, 1152; Ii, 2757 - Victoria, Tex., improvement of channel to Aransas Pass ..... I, 1097; ii, 2726 Virginia coast waterway improvement----- I, 496; ii, 2353 Volusia Bar, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement--__-__.- -- I, 783; ii, 2531 W. Wabash River, Ind. and Ill., operating and care of lock and dam----------------- ---------------------------- , 1425; iI, 3141 Waccamaw River, N. C. and S. C.: Examination and survey --------------------------------- I, 722 Improvement -------------------------------------- I, 693; i, 2489 Wakefield, Va., monument and wharf at ------------------ , 2056; ii, 3817 Wallabout Channel, N. Y., improvement- 315; i, 2241 I--------------__-i, Wando River, S. C., examination and survey_--- 722 Wappinger Creek, N. Y., improvement____--- - ___- I, 335; 2261 i, Wappoo Cut, S. C., improvement 720; I-------, 2501 i, .War Department maps ----------------------------------------- I, 92 Warrior River, Ala.: Examination and survey of Mulberry Fork-I-- -- - ,,_ -- , 958 Improvement ------------------------------- , 920; , 2615 Operating and care of locks and dams on Black Warrior River ___--------I,-------------------i 932; II, 2620 Warroad Harbor and River, Minn., improvement____- I, 1273; in, 2871 Warwick River, Md., improvement------------------------ I, 523; I,2372 Washington Barracks, D. C.: Engineer depot----- -------------------------------------- , 59 ------------ Engineer post and school, buildings__ I, 64 Engineer School___--------------------- I, 63 INDEX. XLI Page. Washington Bayou and Lake, Miss., improvement- -___--- I,1188; I, 2780. Washington, D. C.: Anacostia River, reclamation of flats__-___----------- , 2007; In, 3797 Aqueduct Bridge across Potomac River, repair------ .. ------- i,2012 Aqueduct, filtration plant--_- ------------- -i, 2018; III, 3801 Aqueduct, maintenance and repair--------..I,-----------, 2018; , 3801 Defenses__------------------------------------------------ I, 67 Engineer depot-------------------------------------------I, 59, Engineering district-------------------------------- . 548; 11, 2387 Engineer post and school, buildings------ --------------------- i, 64 Engineer School ------------------------------------------ . ... I, 63: Executive Mansion and Office-.-.--- ,----- ------ I, 2034; II, 3817 Highway Bridge, Potomac River-----__- -__-- I,2033; iI, 3817 Improvement of Anacostia River at_.-------------------- I,552; 11, 2390 Improvement of Potomac River at 548; II, 2387 I,I----------------- Key Bridge, Potomac River------------------------------- , 2015, Public buildings and grounds and Washington Monument I,2033; III, 3817 Telegraph line connecting executive departments----____- I,2054; iiI, 3817 Water supply, increase_----_------------------------_ 1, 2022; in, 3801 Washington, George, monument to, at Washington, D. C___-- I, 2033; ni, 3817 Washington Lake, Miss., improvement ....___-- -- - ._--.. I, 1188; ii, 2780" Washington Lake, Wash.: Improvement of Puget Sound and tributarties ______ __ i, 1902; I, 3464 Improvement of waterway to Puget Sound___---__- I,1914; III,3479 Operating and care of waterway to Puget Sound .------- i , 1932; III, 3486 Washita (Ouachita) River, Ark. and La.: Improvement_______----- I,1156; in, 2760 Operating and care of locks and dams 1174; 1, 2771 i____________ I, Washougal Slough, Wash., examination and survey--------------- I, 1.587 Wateree River, S. C., improvement------------------ I, 704; IT, 2494 Water hyacinths, removal of: From Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas waters I, 1042; 11, 2699, From Florida waters -------------------- r, 853, 1042; 1n,2568, 2699 Water levels: Mississippi River and principal tributaries, gaging-_ I,1264; II, 2868 Northern and northwestern lakes, levels, etc .----------I,2069; III, 3855 Water meters, installation in certain Government buildings___ I, 2021; III, 3813 Water power: Black Warrior River, Ala., at Dam 17___________________ , 920; ii, 2615 Mississippi River, dam between Minneapolis and.St. Paul, Minn____ I, 1250 ; ii, 2861 Niagara River, N. Y., control and regulation of---------__ , 2083; in, 3865 Tennessee River, Elk River Shoals to Florence, Ala- i1, 1363; iI, 2955 Waters, navigable. See Bridges, Rivers and harbors, and Wrecks. Water supply, Washington, D. C---------- I, 2022; irI, I------------- 3801 Waterways: See also Canals. Beaufort, N. C.- Examination and survey of waterway to Cape Fear River___ I, 689 Improvement of waterway to New River__________ I,661; nI,2463 Beaufort, S. C., to St. Johns River, Fla., improvement____ I, 738; nI,2510 Beaufort to Jacksonville, N. C., improvement-__----- I, 661; Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay, examination and surveyI----------, 2463 198 11, Charleston Harbor, S. C., to North Santee River, examination and survey--------- -- --------- ------------------------ , 722 Charleston to Winyah Bay, S. C., improvement-------__ -- I,710: ii, 2497 Chesapeake Bay to Delaware River, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware Canal), improvement -- Clearwater Bay to Boca Ceiga Bay, Fla., improvement ______________ __- I, 470; I, 2342 r, 823; iI, 2552 Core Sound to Beaufort Harbor, N. C.- Examination and survey __---------______-___ ... I, 689, Improvement _----------------------------------, 659; u, 2461 Delaware Bay, Del.- :Waterway to Chincoteague Bay, Va., examination and suivey i-1,498 Waterway to Chincoteague Bay, Va., improvement__ i, 493; ii, 2352: Waterway to Rehoboth Bay, Del., improvement-_ __ I, 491; I, 2351 XLII INDEX. Waterways-Continued. Page. Flint River to Ocmulgee River, Ga., examination and survey__- __ i, 772 Galveston to 'Corpus Christi- Examination and survey _ 1123 ,-------------------- Improvement --- .----. 1091; xi, 2723 ,---------- Galveston to IHouston, Tex., improvement____ I,1060 ; , 2712 Gravesend Bay to Jamaica Bay, N. Y., examination and survey ... I, 363 Indian River to San Carlos Bay, Fla., examination and survey . I,856 Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, Mich., improvement__ I, 1455; n, 3170 Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, examination and survey ----------- , 1738 Merrimack River, Mass., to Piscataqua River, N. H., examination and survey -------------------------------------------- , 169 Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, and branch canal to Lake Michigan and other routes between Lake Erie and Ohio River, examina- tion and survey 1412 ,-------------------------- Mississippi River to Bayou Teche, La., improvement , 1011; Ix, I_____ 2684 Mississippi River to Sabine River- Franklin, La., to Mermentau River, improvement .. I, 1013ir, 2684 Mermentau River to Sabine River, La., improvement__ I,1019; xI, 2686 Operating and care of Schooner Bayou Lock_--------- I, 1026; xx, 2688 Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou, La., improvement I, 1017; nx, 2686 New Born, N. C., to Wilmington, N. C., examination and survey_ I, 689 New River, N. C., to Swansboro and Beaufort, improvement_ i, 661; 11, 2463 Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C.- Improvement 609; , 2426 I----------------------------------, Operating and care ----------------------------- , 614; n, 2429 Norfolk, Va., to Founds of North Carolina, improvement -- i, 606; i,2425 Pamlico Sound, N. C., to Beaufort Inlet, improvement ___.__ I, 654; x, 2456 Port Townsend Bay to Oak Bay, Wash., improvement__ I,1904; xx, 3466 Puget Sound to Grays Harbor, Wash., examination and survey ___ I, 1938 Puget Sound to Lake Washington- Improvement _-------------------------------- 1914; xII, 3479 Operating and care____________________________ , 1932; xI, 3486 Savannah, Ga., to Beaufort, S. C., improvement - i, 738; i, 2510 Savannah, Ga., to Fernandina, Fla., improvement --------- i,738; ni, 2510 Swan Quarter Bay to Deep Bay, N. C., improvement- -.-- _ T,629; nx, 2439 Texas, from Sp.bine Pass through Port Arthur Ship Canal and through Sabine-Neches Canal, examination and survey --------- , 1152 Virginia coast waterway, improvement I,496; n, 2353 Waukegan Harbor, Ill., improvement -------------------- I,1521; IT, 3207 Weirs, permits for construction- __- -- _--_---------x I,1986 Wenona, Deal Island, Md., improvement of Lower Thoroughfare at__ x, 538; nI,2381 Westchester Creek, N. Y., improvement__ ____________________ , 265; , 2212 Western Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement ---------- i,576; n, 2407 West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal, Tex., improvement _-__ I,1091; x, 2723 Westport Harbor, Conn., improvement_________ _________ x, 239; x, 2198 West River, Conn., improvement ---------------- I,222; x, 2189 Wetipquin (Tyaskin) Creek, Md., improvement-__ 532 ; xx, 2378 i_____-----, Weymouth Back River, Mass------------ 161; nx, 2154 I----------------, Weymouth Fore River, Mars___________-----------------x, 157; __---------------- - 11, 2152 I,1986 Wharves, permits for construction._____-- Whatcom (Bellingham) Harbor, Wash., improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway ---------------------------------------- , 1926; nI, 3484 Wheeling, W. Va., engineering district_--- -------------- I,1401; Ix, 3089 Whitehall Harbor, N. Y., Narrows of Lake Champlain, improvement_.. I, 351; n, 2270 White House, Washington, D. C___ ------------------------ I,2034; 11, 3817 White Lake Harbor, Mich., improvement -------------- x, I-- 1548; II, 3228 White River, Ark.: Improvement at De Valls Bluff____________----------- - I, 1205; Ii, 2792 Improvement by open-channel work , 1201; ix, 2789 I_____----------- Operating and care of locks and dams---------------- I,1219; i, 2799 Wicomico River, Md., improvement _- , 534; xn, 2379 I------------------- INDEX. XLIII Willamette River, Oreg.: Page. Examination and survey , 1----------------------- 890 Improvement above Portland 1870; IIn, 3446 I___________________, Improvement at the falls----__________ __ I_______ ii, 3449 1,1874; Improvement below Portland ...... _ - I, 1861; 11, 3437 Operating and care of canal and locks at Willamette Falls_ i, 1888; 11, 3455 Willamette Slough, Oreg:, examination and survey_ ______------ it , 1890 Willapa Harbor and River, Wash., improvement----------- I, 1891; III, 3459 Wilmington, Calif., improvement of inner harbor ---------- 1,1743; III, 3378 Wilmington, Del., engineering district--------------------- I, 430; 11, 2323 Wilmington Harbor, Del., improvement__-------------------- I, 466; 11, 2340 Wilmington, N. C.: Engineering district ______________________ -____ I, 624; i, 2435 Examination and survey of waterway to New Bern, N. C--- ---- I, 689 Winnebago Lake, Wis., improvement of Fox River ---------- I, 1482; 11, 3185 Winnibigoshish Reservoir, Minn.: _---. Construction .--- ________.... . I, 1259 ; ii, 2865 I,-.- Operating and care_-------------------------------, 1264; in, 2867 Winyah Bay, S. C.: Examination and survey ---------------------------------- , 721 Improvement------------------------------------I, 690; 11, 2485 Improvement of waterway to Charleston 710; n, 2497 I,-------------- Wisconsin River, Wis., operating snag and dredge boats ------- 1, 1243; 11, 2854 Withlacoochee River, Fla.: Examination and survey _-------- _ I, 856 Improvement ------------------------- I, 830; 11, 2556 Wolf River, Miss., improvement_________________ _____ I, 950; 11, 2686 Wolf River (tributary of the Fox), Wis., improvement- I, 1482; 11, 3185 Women of Civil War, memorial to ---------- ---------- 1, 2057 ;III, 3817 Woodbridge Creek, N. J., improvement-------------------- I, 382; 11, 2288 Woodbury Creek, N. J., improvement ------- 1,432; I, 11, 2324 Wrecks, etc., removal: Expenditures during the year________________-___ __-___--- I, 94 List of those removed__-____ - __-______, 1989 I__- Permanent appropriation for -,----------------------- - ,94 Y. Yamhill River, Oreg.: Improvement ---------------------------- I, 1870; III, 3446 Operating and care of lock and dam ----------------- , 1889; III, 3457 Yaquina Bay, Harbor, and River, Oreg.: Examination and survey of river------------------------ 1,1857 Improvement of bay and harbor--------------------_ 1827; in, 3419 Improvement of river-----------------------------i, 1824; in, 3418 Yazoo River, Miss.: Improvement above mouth--- ______-____ -________ I, 1175; 11, 2773 Improvement of mouth, including Vicksburg Harbor- I, 1191; i1, 2781 Yellow Mill Pond, Bridgeport, Conn., improvement---------- I, 233; i, 2194 - York Spit, Chesapeake Bay, Va., shoals opposite, removal--.... I, 498; i1, 2355 Youghiogheny River, Pa.: Examination and survey________ ___ --- __________ I, 1400 Improvement ----------------------------------- I, 1399; 11, 3087 Yuba River, Calif., construction of restraining dams------- I, 1959; i, 3513 Yukon River, Alaska, improvement of Apoon mouth - - i, 1933; ii, 3488 Z. Zippel Bay, Minn., improvement__ -------------------- -- I, 1276; 11, 2872